Metformin

Molecule Description

Metformin belongs to the Biguanide group of medicines used to treat diabetes me

llitus and reduce blood sugar levels.

Uses

Contraindications

Side effects

Precautions and Warnings

Uses of Metformin

It is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (‘non-insulin dependent diabetes’) when diet and exercise have not been able to control your blood glucose levels.

Contraindications of Metformin

When should one not use Metformin

Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Liver disease
Kidney disease (severe)
Heart failure
Severe respiratory disease
If you are a heavy drinker of alcohol
If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to Metformin
If you have a severe infection such as infections of lung or your kidney. Infections can increase the risk for lactic acidosis (see 'Warnings and precautions')

Side effects of Metformin

Common side effects of this drug are:

The most common side effects of Metformin are loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach ache and mild diarrhea. Do not stop taking medicine if you experience these as these are transient and shall g...
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Altered taste sensations
Decreased Vitamin B12 levels
Skin rashes, redness, itching and hives
Weight loss is also a known side effect which is desirable in young and middle-aged obese patients
A rare but severe side effect of Metformin is lactic acidosis (symptoms: nausea, vomiting, generalized muscle weakness and rapid breathing; see warnings section)
Metformin does not usually cause sudden low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
If Metformin is prescribed with other anti-diabetic medications, there may be an occurrence of low blood sugar level
Metformin can cause abnormal liver function tests and hepatitis. If you notice yellowing of the eyes or skin, contact your doctor immediately

Precautions and Warnings of Metformin

Pregnancy

Can I take Metformin during pregnancy?

In general, in pregnancy-related diabetes, insulin is preferred over any oral blood-glucose-lowering medicines as a thumb rule. Your doctor will mostly not prescribe this medicine to you in pregnancy. Do not use in pregnancy without a doctor’s advice.

Breast Feeding

Can I take Metformin while breastfeeding?

It is known to pass into mother’s milk. So it should be not taken in breastfeeding.

Driving

Can I drive if I have consumed Metformin?

If you are taking Metformin along with other antidiabetic medicines, there are chances your blood sugar can fall. You may experience faintness, confusion and increased sweating. So, in this case, you should take extra care while driving. Keep a juice or chocolate handy while driving in case you start experiencing any of these and immediately have it.

Alcohol

Can I consume alcohol with Metformin?

Avoid excessive intake of alcohol while taking Metformin. Alcohol lowers blood sugar and also increases the risk of a serious condition called lactic acidosis.

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if

You experience vomiting, stomach ache, muscle cramps, difficulty in breathing, reduced body temperature and heartbeat
Stop the medication of Metformin for a short time if you have a condition that may be associated with dehydration (significant loss of body fluids) such as severe vomiting, diarrhea
Metformin can cause a critical condition called lactic acidosis
The risk factors are uncontrolled diabetes, serious infections, prolonged fasting or alcohol intake, dehydration, liver problems and any severe heart conditions

Mode of Action of Metformin

How Does It Work?

Your pancreas produces a hormone called insulin. Insulin drives glucose (sugar) from the blood to enter inside the cell. Then this glucose is utilized as energy by the cell
If you have diabetes mellitus, your pancreas either does not make enough insulin or your body is unable to use the insulin it produces properly (insulin resistance). As a result, glucose is not able ...
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Metformin works by decreasing the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestine, lowering the amount of sugar created by the liver and facilitating entry of sugar into the cells

Interactions of Metformin

Interactions with other medicines

Phenytoin
Birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy
Diet pills or medicines to treat asthma, colds, or allergies
Increase urine production (a diuretic)
Heart or blood pressure medications
Niacin
Phenothiazines
Steroids (Prednisone, Methylprednisolone, Dexamethasone and others)
Thyroid medicine
Medicines like Furosemide and Cimetidine can increase the side effects of Metformin
If you need to have an injection of iodine-containing contrast medium into your bloodstream, for an X-ray or scan, your doctor will ask you to stop taking Metformin before or at the time of injection
If you are on medicines that are used to treat pain and inflammation (NSAID and COX-2 inhibitors such as Ibuprofen and Celecoxib) for the long term, these can damage your kidneys. Use of such medicine...
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Interactions with food items

Absorption of Vitamin B12 appears to be reduced during long-term Metformin therapy and annual screening of serum Vitamin B12 levels and red blood cell parameters has been recommended to determine the ...

Dietary Restrictions of Metformin

Advisable to have a diabetic diet as recommended by your doctor or dietician. This medicine works best along with a proper diet and exercise. Exercise is known to decrease insulin resistance.

Dosage of Metformin

Overdose

You must seek emergency medical care immediately if you suspect overdose. In the case of overdose, lactic acidosis may occur. Symptoms of lactic acidosis are vomiting, stomach ache, muscle cramps and ...

Missed a Dose

If you miss any dose, take it as soon as you remember with food. However, if it is time for the next dose then skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to cat...

Content Details

WRITTEN BY

Dr. Mahesh Muthe

MBBS

REVIEWED BY

Dr. Ritu Budania

MBBS, MD (Pharmacology)

References

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Last Updated on: 05 Oct 2020 | 10:47 PM (IST)

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परिचय: “बिना मशरूम के खाना बिना बारिश के दिन जैसा होता है”। मशरूम या अगरिकस बिस्पोरस न तो सब्ज़ी है और न ही फल, बल्कि यह खाई जाने वाली एक फंगस है। बाजार में इसकी अलग-अलग किस्में (ताजा व सूखा) उपलब्ध हैं; जिसमे ओएस्टर , पोर्सिनी और बटन सबसे आम किस्में हैं। आमतौर पर, मशरूम

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परिचय वानस्पतिक नाम एम्ब्लिका ऑफिसिनैलिस आमतौर पर आंवला को इंडियन गूजबेरी (भारतीय करौंदा) कहा जाता है। इन पेड़ों की बेरी को इनके औषधीय गुणों के कारण औषधीय फार्मूलेशन में प्रयुक्त किया जाता है। आंवला के पेड़ पर छोटी बेरीज़ होती हैं जो गोल और पीले-हरे रंग की होती है। इसके कई स्वास्थ्य फ़ायदों के कारण

केला (Banana in Hindi): उपयोग, लाभ और न्यूट्रिशनल वैल्यू

परिचय: “एक दिन में एक केला (बनाना) खाने से मेरा एंडोर्फिन लेवल बना रहता है।” बनाना (मूसा प्रजाति) या केला एक लंबा, पीला फल है जो वास्तव में एक बेरी है। यह मुसासी (मुसासेई) परिवार से संबंधित हैं और इसमें मूसा एक्यूमिनाटा, मूसा बालबिसियाना आदि किस्में शामिल हैं। यह दक्षिणी एशिया के उष्णकटिबंधीय क्षेत्रों (ट्रॉपिकल

सौंफ (Fennel Seed in Hindi) : उपयोग, लाभ और न्यूट्रिशनल वैल्यू

परिचय: सौंफ (फेनल सीड) का वैज्ञानिक नाम फीनीकुलम वल्गारे है और यह एपोकिनेसी परिवार से संबंधित एक सुगंधित पौधा है।1 सौंफ (फेनल सीड) की एक अलग आकृति, आकार और रंग होता है; यह लंबी, पतली होती है और हल्के हरे या भूरे रंग की होती है। सौंफ (फेनल सीड) का पौधा इसके बीजों, पत्तियों और

ड्रैगन फ्रूट (Dragonfruit in Hindi): उपयोग, लाभ और न्यूट्रिशनल वैल्यू

ड्रैगन फ्रूट कैक्टस प्रजाति का फल होता है जिसके स्वास्थ्य से जुड़े कई लाभ होते हैं जैसे कि रक्त शर्करा (ब्लड शुगर) के जोखिम को कम करना, पाचन (डाइजेशन) में मदद करना आदि। यह एक ड्रैगन की तरह दिखता है और इस वजह से इसका यह नाम पड़ा। अब आप सोच रहे होंगे कि इस

तेजपत्ता (Bay Leaves in Hindi)– उपयोग, फायदे और न्यूट्रिशनल वैल्यू

परिचय तेजपत्ता सिनामोमम तमाला नामक पौधे की सूखी पत्तियां होती हैं। यह सिनामोमम वंश के लौरेसी परिवार का पौधा होता है जिसकी 270 प्रजातियां हैं और प्रमाणिक रूप से ये सभी एशिया और ऑस्ट्रेलिया में पाई जाती हैं। तेजपत्ता को भारतीय बे-लीफ़ भी कहा जाता है जो छोटे सदाबहार या बारहमासी वृक्ष पर होते हैं

नाशपाती (Pear in Hindi): उपयोग, फ़ायदे, न्यूट्रिशनल वैल्यू आदि!

परिचय: नाशपाती का वैज्ञानिक नाम पायरस कमिनिस एल है। यह रोज़ेसी फ़ैमिली से संबंधित है। नाशपाती को सेब के बाद सबसे ज्यादा पौष्टिक फल माना जाता है। यह विटामिन आहार फाइबर, एमिनो एसिड, एवं क्वेरसेटिन का बढ़िया स्रोत होता है। नाशपाती अपने मिठास, सुगंध, कुरकुरेपन और ख़ास खुशबू के लिए जाना जाता है। मूल रूप

सीए 125 टेस्ट (महिलाओं के लिए) (CA 125 Test (For Women) in Hindi): क्या है, खर्च, नॉर्मल रेंज, कैसे होता है, क्यों और कब

विवरण: सीए 125 टेस्ट का इस्तेमाल शरीर में सीए 125 प्रोटीन के स्तर का पता लगाने के लिए किया जाता है, जो कैंसर का पता लगाने में मददगार साबित हो सकता है। नमूना प्रकार खून उपवास \ खाली पेट रहना जरूरी: नहीं उपनाम: कैंसर एंटीजन 125 टेस्ट, सीए-125 ट्यूमर मार्कर, सीए 125 ब्लड टेस्ट। सीए

सीरम इलेक्ट्रोलाइट्स (Serum Electrolytes): क्या है, खर्च, नॉर्मल रेंज, कैसे होता है, क्यों और कब

विवरण: एक सीरम इलेक्ट्रोलाइट परीक्षण आपके खून में मौजूद इलेक्ट्रोलाइट्स के स्तर को मापने की एक विधि है। इससे किडनी या दिल की समस्याओं जैसी कई बीमारियों का निदान करने में मदद मिल सकती है। आपको यह परीक्षण कितनी बार लेना चाहिए? कोई विशिष्ट आवृत्ति नहीं है। डॉक्टर आमतौर पर सीरम इलेक्ट्रोलाइट परीक्षण को मेटाबोलिक

हींग (Asafoetida in Hindi): उपयोग, फ़ायदे, न्यूट्रिशनल वैल्यू और अन्य बातें!

परिचय दुनिया के बहुत से हिस्सों में, हींग (ऐसाफ़ेटिडा) को खाने का स्वाद बढ़ाने वाले तत्व के रूप में और विभिन्न प्रकार की बीमारियों का पारंपरिक रूप से उपचार करने के लिए किया जाता है। हींग (फ़ेरुला ऐसाफ़ेटिडा), एक ओलिओ-गम-रेज़िन है जो अंबेलीफेरा फ़ैमिली के फ़ेरुला पौधों के तनों में बनती है। फ़ेरुला के पौधे

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