CBC Test
Booked 7058 timesAlso known as:
CBC With Differential Counts, Haemogram, Complete Blood Picture, Full Blood Count
Blood
No
Edta
- AEC Test
- Hemoglobin (Hb) Test
- Platelet Count Test
Description
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Overview
A CBC test or the Complete Blood Count test is a blood test that helps determine your overall health status. This test can serve as a pointer to disorders ranging from different types of anaemia, infections, fever, inflammation and cancers.
CBC test is usually prescribed as an essential blood test which can serve as a pointer towards more specific investigations. For example, it can be advised as a part of routine visits to your physician if your doctor suspects some illness or when you may complain about unusual complaints of bleeds or rashes or fevers, discomfort, bruising, etc.
CBC test is also done at various stages of your treatment to predict treatment outcomes, to monitor the progress of the patient and it is part of different health check plans offered at multiple hospitals.
Sample Type
The CBC test requires a sample of your blood for testing.
Ranges
The CBC test results are usually used as a base parameter to aid in the diagnosis of a disease condition. Then, based on the CBC test reports, the doctor will advise additional investigations to confirm the diagnosis.
The main parameters that are checked for in the CBC test result are as follows -
Test Parameters | Normal Range |
TOTAL LEUCOCYTES COUNT (WBC) | 4.0-10.0 x 103 / μL |
NEUTROPHILS | 40-80 % |
LYMPHOCYTE PERCENTAGE | 20-40 % |
MONOCYTES | 0-10 % |
EOSINOPHILS | 0.0-6.0 % |
IMMATURE GRANULOCYTE PERCENTAGE(IG%) | < 2 % |
NEUTROPHILS - ABSOLUTE COUNT | 2.0-7.0 x 103 / μL |
LYMPHOCYTES - ABSOLUTE COUNT | 1.0 -3.0 x 103 / μL |
MONOCYTES - ABSOLUTE COUNT | 0.2-1 x 103 / μL |
BASOPHILS - ABSOLUTE COUNT | 0 - 0.1 x 103 / μL |
EOSINOPHILS - ABSOLUTE COUNT | 0 - 0.5 x 103 / μL |
IMMATURE GRANULOCYTES(IG) | 0 -0.3 x 103 / μL |
TOTAL RBC | 4.5 - 5.5 x 103 / μL |
NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CELLS | <0.01 % |
HEMOGLOBIN | 13-17 g/dL |
HEMATOCRIT(PCV) | 40-50 % |
MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME(MCV) | 83- 101 fL |
MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN(MCH) | 27-32 pq |
MEAN CORP.HEMO.CONC(MCHC) | 31.5-34.5 g/dL |
RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH | 39-46 fL |
RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW- CV) | 11.6- 14 % |
PLATELET DISTRIBUTION WIDTH(PDW) | 9.6-15.2 fL |
MEAN PLATELET VOLUME(MPV) | 6.5 - 12 fL |
PLATELET COUNT | 150-400 x 103 / μL |
PLATELET TO LARGE CELL RATIO(PLCR) | 19.7 - 42.4 % |
PLATELETCRIT(PCT) | 0.19 - 0.39 % |
The normal values and reference ranges of the test may vary from lab to lab. Please refer to the ranges mentioned in the report and consult a doctor to understand the interpretation of lab reports.
Test Result Interpretation
Each parameter is important in diagnosing different diseases in the individual.
Low RBC counts lead to anaemia. This may be due to -
- Acute or chronic bleeding
- RBC destruction - haemolytic anaemia
- Nutritional deficiency - iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
- Bone marrow disorders or damage
- Chronic inflammatory disease
- Chronic kidney disease
The haemoglobin levels are usually low when the RBC count is low.
High RBC counts lead to polycythaemia. This may be due to -
- Dehydration
- Lung diseases
- Renal tumours or other tumours that produce an excess of erythropoietin
- Smoking
- Living at a high altitude
- Genetic causes (altered oxygen sensing, abnormality in haemoglobin oxygen release)
- Polycythemia vera - a rare disease
The haemoglobin levels are also usually high when the RBC count is high.
Low MCV and MCH values indicate red blood cells are smaller in size than normal. This could be due to -
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Thalassaemia (little to no haemoglobin)
High MCV and MCH values indicate red blood cells are larger in size than normal. This could be due to -
- Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia
- Folate deficiency anaemia
- Myelodysplasia (a condition where blood cells are formed poorly)
- Liver disease
- Hypothyroidism
Low MCHC values could be due to -
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Thalassaemia
High MCHC values could be due to -
- Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- Hereditary spherocytosis (RBCs are destroyed earlier than normal)
Low reticulocyte count could be due to -
- Bone marrow disorder
- Nutritional deficiencies like iron deficiency, folate deficiency, B12 deficiency
High reticulocyte count could be due to -
- Bleeding disorders
- Haemolysis
- Response to treatment - iron supplementation for iron deficiency anaemia
Low WBC counts lead to leukopenia. This may be due to -
- Bone marrow disorders or damage
- Autoimmune conditions
- Severe infections (sepsis)
- Lymphoma or other cancer that spread to the bone marrow
- Dietary deficiencies
- Diseases affecting the immune system - HIV/AIDS
High WBC counts lead to leukocytosis. This may be due to -
- Viral or bacterial infections
- Inflammation
- Leukaemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms
- Allergies, asthma
- Tissue death caused due to trauma, burns, heart attack
- Intense exercise or severe stress
Low neutrophil count leads to neutropenia. This is due to -
- Severe, overwhelming infection (sepsis)
- Autoimmune disorders
- Dietary deficiencies
- Reaction to drugs
- Immunodeficiency
- Myelodysplasia
- Bone marrow damage (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy)
- Cancers that spread to the bone marrow
- Congenital neutropenia
High neutrophil count leads to neutrophilia. This is due to -
- Acute bacterial infections
- Inflammation
- Trauma, heart attack, or burns
- Stress, rigorous exercise
- Certain leukaemias (e.g. chronic myeloid leukaemia)
- Cushing syndrome (production of excess cortisol)
Low lymphocyte count leads to lymphocytopenia. This is due to -
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Infections (e.g., HIV, viral hepatitis, typhoid fever, influenza, Covid-19)
- Bone marrow damage (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy)
- Corticosteroids
High lymphocyte count leads to lymphocytosis. This is due to -
- Acute viral infections (e.g., chickenpox, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes, rubella)
- Certain bacterial infections [e.g., pertussis (whooping cough), tuberculosis (TB)]
- Toxoplasmosis (infection from a parasite)
- Chronic inflammatory disorder (e.g., ulcerative colitis)
- Lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphoma
- Stress (acute)
Repeated low monocyte count could be due to -
- Bone marrow damage or failure
- Hairy cell leukaemia
- Aplastic anaemia
High monocyte count could be due to -
- Chronic infections (e.g., tuberculosis, fungal infection)
- Infection within the heart (bacterial endocarditis)
- Collagen vascular diseases (e.g., lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis)
- Monocytic or myelomonocytic leukaemia (acute or chronic)
High eosinophil count leads to eosinophilia. This is due to -
- Asthma, allergies such as hay fever
- Drug reactions
- Parasitic infections
- Inflammatory disorders (coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease)
- Some cancers, certain acute or chronic leukaemias or lymphomas
- Addison disease
- Connective tissue disorders
High basophil count could be due to -
- Rare allergic reactions (hives, food allergy)
- Inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis)
- Certain leukaemias
- Uraemia
Eosinophil and basophil counts are normally low in healthy individuals. The differential WBC counts indicate a different medical condition, with each cell being high or low in the count. However, there are other specific investigations needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Low Platelet counts lead to thrombocytopenia. This can be due to -
- Viral infections like dengue, mononucleosis, measles, hepatitis
- Drugs like acetaminophen, quinidine, sulfa drugs
- Liver Cirrhosis
- Autoimmune disorders like Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP),
- Sepsis
- Leukaemia, lymphoma
- Myelodysplasia
- Chemotherapy or radiation therapy
- Disorders of bone marrow or spleen
High Platelet counts lead to thrombocytosis. This is due to -
- Cancers like lung cancer, gut cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Haemolytic anaemia
- A myeloproliferative disorder like essential thrombocythemia
Your doctor cannot diagnose the above conditions based on a single CBC report. Instead, the doctor will advise a series of other investigations and clinical examinations and only confirm the diagnosis.
Risk Assessment
Anaemias, Infections, Bleeding disorders, Cancers, Inflammation, Fever, Bone marrow disorders
Price / Cost
The cost of a CBC (Complete Blood Count) Test varies depending on the city and the lab. In general, a CBC test price ranges between INR 300 and INR 700. Here is a breakdown of the average cost of a CBC test in some major cities in India:
City | Min Price | Average Price | Max Price |
300 | 500 | 700 | |
300 | 500 | 700 | |
300 | 500 | 700 | |
300 | 500 | 700 | |
300 | 500 | 700 | |
300 | 500 | 700 | |
300 | 500 | 700 | |
300 | 500 | 700 | |
300 | 500 | 700 |
What does this Test Detect?
CBC test is helpful in monitoring, screening and diagnosis of various diseases. Some of them are-
- Infections
- Cancers
- Anaemia
- Bleeding disorders
- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
- Autoimmune disorders
- Disorder of bone marrow
- Iron and vitamin B12 deficiency
- Allergies
This test helps point out various kinds of diseases and health conditions.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the price of a CBC test?
The price of a CBC test may range from Rs. 300 to Rs. 700. However, the cost of a CBC test is dependent on multiple factors such as location, diagnostic labs, and any available discounts.
What happens if CBC is abnormal?
An abnormal CBC test results can serve as a base for indicating an infection (acute or a long-standing one), bleeding disorders, anaemia, etc. and can act as a pointer to the treating physician to advise further investigations.
Can a CBC detect all cancers?
No, a CBC test does not detect all types of cancers but gives an idea to your doctor about an existing disorder. Therefore, you may need to do more specific tests for the same.
What diseases can a CBC detect?
A CBC test is used to diagnose infections, inflammatory conditions, abnormalities in haemoglobin, platelets, abnormal cells, leukaemia, bone marrow disorders, anaemias due to iron deficiencies, anaemias due to worms, and anaemia due to abnormalities in the bone marrow. Along with a CBC test, you may require other investigations to confirm the diagnosis.
Does CBC show diabetes?
No, a CBC test does not detect diabetes. For diagnosis of diabetes, you need to get a fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and a postprandial blood sugar test done.
Does CBC check the liver?
No, the CBC test does not check for liver problems. To know the health status of your liver, you will need to undergo liver function tests which measure the levels of different enzymes and biochemical markers of the liver and its functioning.
Does CBC show kidney function?
No, the CBC test does not check for kidney problems. You will need to get a renal function test done to check kidney function.
Do the CBC test show liver and kidney function?
No, the CBC test does not show liver and kidney function.
Can CBC detect UTI?
No, a CBC test does not help in detecting UTI. However, your WBC count will be affected due to a UTI. Based on this and the clinical correlation, the doctor will ask for a urine routine test to confirm the diagnosis.
