Ondansetron
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Molecule Description
Ondansetron is used to control nausea and vomiting. It belongs to a class of antiemetic medicines. It works by blocking the action of the natural hormone Serotonin, which causes nausea and vomiting. ondansetron should not be used by pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers. It should be consumed in a dose and duration prescribed by your doctor.
Uses
Ondansetron is used to prevent and manage nausea and vomiting induced due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is also used to relieve symptoms of nausea and vomiting before and after surgeries and operations.
Contraindications
When should one not use Ondansetron
- If you are allergic to ondansetron.
- If you are consuming a medicine called Apomorphine, which is used to treat the loss of muscle control and muscle stiffness in Parkinson's disease.
Side effects
Common side effects of this drug are:
- Headache
- Constipation
- Hiccups
- Low blood pressure
- Sensation of warmth
- Fits
- Flushing
Precautions and Warnings
Pregnancy
Breast Feeding
Driving
Alcohol
Other General Warnings
Talk to your doctor if
- You have any liver problems.
- You are experiencing a condition of salt imbalance in your blood, dehydration or you are going through fluid loss.
- You are allergic to medicines that are similar like Granisetron or Palonosetron.
- You are experiencing severe constipation or have a blockage in your stomach as this medicine can affect the food transit time through the digestive tract.
- You had or have heart problems like heart failure or irregular heartbeats.
Mode of Action
How Does It Work?
Ondansetron works by inhibiting the action of a chemical substance named Serotonin, which is responsible for inducing nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron binds to a receptor known as 5-HT₃, thus inhibits the binding of Serotonin to it and prevents vomiting and nausea.
Interactions
Interactions with other medicines
- Some medicines can affect the way ondansetron works or this medicine itself can reduce the effectiveness of other medicines taken at the same time.
- Inform your doctor about all the medicines, supplements or herbals you are currently taking or might take to avoid any possible interaction.
- Be careful if you are taking medicine like Amiodarone for uneven heartbeats or Arrhythmias.
- You may experience irregular heart rhythm if you take medicines like Doxorubicin, Trastuzumab, antihypertensive medicine such as Atenolol or Timolol, antimalarial medicine such as Halofantrine, antibiotic medicine like Erythromycin and antifungal medicine like Ketoconazole.
- You may experience low blood pressure and unconsciousness if you take ondansetron along with Apomorphine. Hence, these medicines should not be used together.
- Medicines used to relieve pain such as Tramadol may not work when taken along with ondansetron.
- You may experience serotonin syndrome (symptoms like high body temperature, irritation, shakiness, sweating, widened pupils and diarrhoea), including abnormal mental state with medicines used to treat psychiatric illness such as Citalopram or Sertraline.
- Other medicines like Phenytoin, Carbamazepine and Rifampicin may affect the action of ondansetron.
Dosage
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose of ondansetron are visual disturbances, constipation, low blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythm. If you think you have consumed too much of this medicine, contact your doctor as soon as possible or visit the nearest hospital.
Missed a Dose
If you missed any dose of ondansetron, then take it as soon as possible. If it is time for your next dose, then skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Avoid taking a double dose of medicine to compensate for the missed one.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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References:
- Ondansetron 4 mg film-coated tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc) [Internet]. Medicines.org.uk. 2025 [cited 17th September 2025]
- Ondansetron 4 mg film-coated tablets - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) - (emc) [Internet]. Medicines.org.uk. 2025 [cited 17th September 2025]
- CDSCO [Internet]. Cdscoonline.gov.in. 2025 [cited 17th September 2025]
- MedlinePlus. Ondansetron: MedlinePlus Drug Information [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2025 [cited 17th September 2025]
- Griddine A, Bush JS. Ondansetron. [Updated 2023 Feb 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;2025 [cited 17th September 2025]
- National Cancer Institute. Ondansetron Hydrochloride [Internet]. Cancer.gov.2025 [cited 17th September 2025]
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