Zolmitriptan

Uses	Migraine
Therapy	Migraine Drugs
Side Effects	Upset stomach, Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Muscle pain or cramps, Tremors, Flushing (feeling of warmth), Dry mouth, Dizziness

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Molecule Description

Zolmitriptan is a prescription medication. The primary use of Zolmitriptan is to treat migraine in adult patients with or without aura. Migraine is a neurological disorder that causes intense pulsating, pounding, throbbing, debilitating headaches. It usually occurs on any side of the head, but it can sometimes occur on both sides or shift in position.

Uses

As per CDSCO and USFDA, Zolmitriptan is indicated to treat the following conditions:
In the management of acute migraine headache with or without aura only in adults

Contraindications

When should one not use Zolmitriptan

If you have a history of serious hypersensitivity to zolmitriptan or other similar medicines. Serious allergic reactions require immediate emergency treatment with supportive measures
If you have a cluster headache
If you are not correctly diagnosed with migraine
If you have a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (a few small strokes)
If you have a history of ischemic heart disease or coronary artery vasospasm
If you are a woman who is pregnant, may become pregnant, or is currently breastfeeding
If you have uncontrolled high blood pressure
If you have peripheral vascular disease (condition of blood vessels)
If you are diagnosed with ischemic bowel disease
If you have recently used certain antidepressants known as MAO inhibitors in the last 14 days
If you experience any bleeding in the brain or stroke

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

Upset stomach
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Muscle pain or cramps
Tremors
Flushing (feeling of warmth)
Dry mouth
Dizziness

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

No, Zolmitriptan can be unsafe to use in pregnant women. There are not many studies present to conclude this medicine's safety for unborn children, but some have shown that it may cause fetal harm. Please consult your doctor before using this medicine.

Breast Feeding

No, Zolmitriptan can be unsafe if you are nursing. There is not much data present on the safety of this medicine in a breastfed infant. Hence, this medicine should be used only when necessary. Please consult your doctor before starting Zolmitriptan.

Driving

Do not drive or operate machinery if you experience dizziness or drowsiness while using Zolmitriptan. This medicine can also sometimes cause blurry vision; hence avoid driving in such situations.

Alcohol

No. It is unsafe to consume alcohol with this medicine since it may worsen the side effects like dizziness and increased blood pressure. It can also worsen the symptoms of migraine and other conditions.

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if

You have a severe kidney or liver illness.
You have swelling of the face, tongue, and throat. It happens due to angioedema (swelling of blood vessels), which can happen with this medicine.
You have types of headache other than migraine.
You have or are at risk of various types of heart disorders such as Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, and Prinzmetal's Angina
You have been diagnosed with Gastrointestinal ischemic events (blood flow through the major arteries that supply blood to your intestines slows or stops)
You experience peripheral vasospastic reactions (sudden contraction of the muscular walls of an artery)
You experience headache due to overuse of the medication. Detoxification may be necessary in such cases.
You have any skeletal muscle disorder (e.g., myopathy and rhabdomyolysis); your dose may need to be monitored.
You have a severe bleeding disorder; this medicine may increase the risk of bleeding.
You want to give this medicine to a child; consult your doctor first.
You had heart rhythm disorders after using this medicine.
You are using any other medicine that increases serotonin, as this can lead to serotonin syndrome and life-threatening side effects.

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Zolmitriptan is a selective serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist. It is believed to work by narrowing swollen blood vessels in the brain and reducing the release of substances that cause pain and inflammation during a migraine.

Interactions

Interactions with other medicines

It is better to avoid Ergotamine or ergot derivate medicines along with Zolmitriptan. They can have additive effects, which can increase the risk of high blood pressure and constriction of arteries of the heart (coronary artery vasoconstriction).

Interactions with food items

Zolmitriptan can be taken with or without food. Follow the instructions given by your doctor.

Dosage

Overdose

In some patients, an overdose of Zolmitriptan can cause symptoms such as burning throat pain, decreased urination, double vision, drowsiness, fever, hallucinations, nervousness, restlessness, severe pain in the abdomen and vomiting. In case of an overdose of Zolmitriptan, consult your doctor and seek treatment as soon as possible.

Missed a Dose

If you have missed a dose of Zolmitriptan, take it as soon as you recall. If it is already time to take the next dose of Zolmitriptan, take the scheduled dose and skip the missed one. If you have any doubts about the dosage of Zolmitriptan, talk to your doctor. Do not take both doses together, as it can lead to unwanted side effects.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

The safety and effectiveness of Zolmitriptan in children have not been established. Do not give this medicine to a child without consulting your doctor.

Generally, older adults over 65 respond differently from younger people; hence the dose should be checked. Please consult your doctor for the appropriate dose of Zolmitriptan.

Do not stop Zolmitriptan without consulting your doctor, as it could lead to recurring or worsening migraine and other symptoms. Continue taking this medicine for as long as prescribed. Talk to your doctor if you feel any difficulty while taking it.