Vildagliptin
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Molecule Summary
| Uses | Type 2 Diabetes mellitus |
| Therapy | Anti-Diabetic |
| Side Effects | Nausea, tiredness, dizziness, headache, low blood sugar |
Medicines
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Molecule Description
Vildagliptin is an antidiabetic medicine. This medicine helps lower blood glucose by inhibiting specific enzymes that degrade substances known as Incretins. Incretins are hormones produced by the small intestine to control the level of blood glucose levels. They also stimulate the production of insulin after having food. Thus they help in lowering blood glucose.
Take Vildagliptin as advised by your doctor. Do not miss or skip any meal of the day along with Vildagliptin. Before starting this medicine, inform the doctor if you are pregnant, planning a pregnancy or breastfeeding and about your complete medical history.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a condition in which your pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels under control, and your body is also unable to use its own insulin adequately. This causes high blood sugar levels in your body, which can cause medical problems like heart disease, kidney disease, blindness and poor blood flow in your hands and legs.
Along with taking this medication, it is critical that you make certain lifestyle changes such as exercising regularly, avoiding smoking and drinking alcohol, and eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables to maintain proper blood sugar control.
Uses
For the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Contraindications
When should one not use Vildagliptin
If you are allergic to vildagliptin or any of the other ingredients of this medicine.
Side effects
Common side effects of this drug are:
- Nausea
- Tiredness
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Low blood sugar (you may experience symptoms of low blood sugar like trembling, sweating, anxiety, blurred vision, tingling lips, paleness, irritability or confusion)
Precautions and Warnings
Pregnancy
Breast Feeding
Driving
Alcohol
Other General Warnings
Talk to your doctor if
- You have liver and kidney function problems or if you are on dialysis.
- You have heart problems like irregular heart rhythm and heart failure as it may increase the symptoms further.
- You have a known history of pancreatitis or develop sudden pain in the stomach or back, immediately stop the medicine and report to the hospital.
- You experience skin problems.
- You may find increased liver enzymes in blood test reports.
- It should not be used for patients having Type 1 Diabetes (your body does not produce insulin).
- You are taking any other medicines for diabetes like Glibenclamide (sulphonylurea) along with this medicine, you may experience a sudden fall in blood glucose level. The doctor might need to reduce the dosage to reduce this risk.
Mode of Action
How Does It Work?
Vildagliptin works by inhibiting enzymes that degrade chemical substances known as "incretins". Incretins play an important role to control blood glucose levels. Thus the levels of incretin are maintained, thereby lowering the blood glucose.
Interactions
Interactions with other medicines
- Concomitant use of Vildagliptin with medicines like water pills, corticosteroids, thyroxin and also medicines which affect the brain functions or central nervous system can reduce the effect of Vildagliptin.
- There may be a risk of swelling on the face, lips, tongue on concomitant use of captopril, enalapril, fosinopril to treat high blood pressure.
Dosage
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include prickling sensation, fever, swelling etc.
If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact your doctor immediately or visit the nearest hospital.
Missed a Dose
If you missed any dose of this medicine, take it as soon as you remember. If it's time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dose schedule. Do not take a double dose of medicine to compensate for the missed one.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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References:
- Ahrén B, Schweizer A, Dejager S, Villhauer EB, Dunning BE, Foley JE. Mechanisms of action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in humans. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Sep;13(9):775-83.[Cited 4 Jun 2026]
- Foley JE. Insights Into GLP-1 and GIP Actions Emerging From Vildagliptin Mechanism Studies in Man. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Nov 8;10:780.[Cited 4 Jun 2026]
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