Morphine

Uses	Pain reliever
Therapy	Analgesic For Severe Pain
Side Effects	Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Dizziness, Sleepiness, Erectile dysfunction, Sedation, Sweating, Lightheadedness

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Molecule Description

Morphine is an analgesic used as a pain reliever. It is a painkiller used to alleviate moderate to severe pain.

Uses

According to CDSCO, Morphine is used to manage moderate and severe pain.

Contraindications

When should one not use Morphine

Morphine is contraindicated:
If you are allergic to any of the ingredients or excipients in the medicine
If you are allergic to morphine or other opioid medicines
If you have epilepsy or a history of seizures (fits)
If you have been diagnosed with increased intracranial pressure
If you have breathing problems
If you have kidney disorders
If you have liver disease

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

Side effect of Morphine include:
Dizziness
Sleepiness
Vomiting
Nausea
Constipation
Erectile dysfunction
Sweating
Lightheadedness
Sedation

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

No. Morphine belongs to the C-category for pregnancy safety medications. This medicine should not be taken during pregnancy because there is strong evidence that it develops withdrawal symptoms in the baby. Consult your doctor.

Breast Feeding

Morphine is unsafe to take when breastfeeding. The medicine appears to cause significant harm to the newborn by getting excreted in breast milk. See a doctor immediately if your baby shows withdrawal signs and symptoms.

Driving

Morphine may create ill-effects like dizziness, drowsiness, and blurred vision affecting your ability to drive. Do not drive if this occurs.

Alcohol

Do not take alcohol while on treatment with Morphine. Alcohol can increase the side effects of this medicine and cause dizziness, tiredness, respiratory problems, etc.

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if

You have kidney disease.
You experience mouth dryness. Sip water or chew sugar-free gum to ease mouth dryness.
You feel nauseated. If this happens, ask your doctor to prescribe an antiemetic (anti-sickness medicine).
You feel constipated. If constipation persists for an extended period, consult your doctor for treatment options.
You feel drowsy or dizzy after taking this medication.
You have breathing problems.
You are a child under 12. The use of this medicine has not been clinically proven in children.
You develop symptoms like agitation, hallucinations, sweating, shivering, high heart rate, muscle stiffness, twitching, or loss of coordination. Seek immediate treatment.

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Morphine is an opioid analgesic (pain-reliever) that reduces pain perception by stopping pain signals from reaching the brain. Its overall impact is to activate descending inhibitory pathways in the CNS while inhibiting nociceptive afferent neurons in the PNS, reducing nociceptive transmission. This mechanism suppresses the release of transmitters involved in pain transmission.

Interactions

Interactions with other medicines

Zolpidem (a sedative) interacts with Morphine and increases sedation.
Muscle relaxants like cyclobenzaprine with Morphine can increase sedation and drowsiness.
Anxiolytic medications like alprazolam with painkillers lead to prolonged sedation and drowsiness.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) magnify the side effects of Morphine.
Antiepileptic medicines with Morphine can cause frequent episodes of fits.
Antidepressants with Morphine increase the risk of epileptic fits.
Co-administration of antipsychotics with Morphine increase the risk of fits.

Dosage

Overdose

Morphine overdose can cause extreme drowsiness, slow or shallow breathing, pinpoint pupils, cold and clammy skin and loss of consciousness, and can be life-threatening. If you think you have taken too much of this medicine, seek emergency medical help immediately. Always inform your doctor if you have a history of seizures.

Missed a Dose

If you miss a dose of your Morphine, take it as soon as possible. If your next dose is approaching, skip the missing dose and get back on track. Unless directed, do not take more than one dose at a time.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

If you suddenly stop using Morphine, you may have withdrawal symptoms such as restlessness, difficulty sleeping, irritability, agitation, anxiety, elevated blood pressure, feeling or being nauseous, diarrhoea, trembling, shivering, or sweating. If you have any problems while taking Morphine, don't stop taking it all at once; instead, visit your doctor so that the dose can be progressively reduced to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Morphine is a habit-forming substance. The risk of addiction increases when this medication is taken for a prolonged period. As a result, it should only be used for a limited time to avoid unpleasant overdose symptoms.

Yes. Morphine can cause dry mouth. If you feel dryness in the mouth, drink plenty of water. Drink tiny amounts of water throughout the day and keep a bottle of water by your bedside at night. Use a lip balm if your lips feel very dry.

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