Nivolumab

Uses	Various types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, kidney cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma
Therapy	Anti-Neoplastic
Side Effects	Fatigue, nausea, skin rash, itching, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, constipation, joint pain, and headache

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Molecule Description

Nivolumab is a medication used to treat various cancers like skin, lung, and kidney cancer. It works by boosting the immune system's ability to fight cancer by blocking molecules that suppress its activity. Nivolumab is not suitable for everyone. People with severe allergies to the drug should not use it. Patients with autoimmune diseases like lupus, or with organ transplants, need to be cautious. Common side effects may include rash, weakness, and headache. Make sure to inform your doctor about any existing lung, liver, or kidney issues, as well as all medications you are currently taking, since they may interact with Nivolumab. This medication is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and it is crucial for women who could become pregnant to use effective contraception during treatment and for 5 months afterwards.

Uses

Nivolumab is used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, kidney cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma. It can be given alone or in combination with other treatments and may be used at different stages of cancer care, whether before, during, or after the cancer has spread.

Contraindications

When should one not use Nivolumab

If you have any allergy to nivolumab or any other ingredient of this medicine.

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

Infections and infestations: upper respiratory tract infection.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: lymphopenia, anaemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.
Immune system disorders: infusion-related reactions, such as cytokine release syndrome.
Endocrine disorders: hypothyroidism.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: hyperglycemia, decreased appetite, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypercalcemia.
Nervous system disorders: headache.
Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea and cough.
Gastrointestinal disorders: diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: rash and pruritus.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: musculoskeletal pain and arthralgia.
General disorders and administration site conditions: fatigue and pyrexia.
Hepatobiliary and renal disorders: increased AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, lipase, and amylase levels.

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

Nivolumab should be avoided in pregnancy. During treatment with this medicine and for 5 months after treatment has ended, it is advised to use an effective method of contraception.

Breast Feeding

It is unclear whether nivolumab can be transferred into human milk, and since some medications can enter breast milk, there may be risks to infants. Decisions should weigh the benefits of breastfeeding against the advantages of nivolumab treatment for the mother.

Driving

Exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until you are sure nivolumab doesn't affect you.

Alcohol

Alcohol is not known to interact with this medicine. However, if you consume alcohol too often, discuss it with your doctor.

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if

You have any history of autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease).
You have a history of serious infections.
You have had a recent organ transplant.
You have active brain metastases (unless treated).
You have significant lung problems.
You have a history of severe allergic reactions.
You are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
You are breastfeeding.
You are taking any other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, as they may interact with Nivolumab.
You have had any previous severe side effects with other cancer treatments.
You have had a previous severe infusion reaction with Nivolumab or similar medications.

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Nivolumab is an immunotherapy drug that works by boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer. It targets a protein called PD-1 on immune cells, releasing the brakes on their ability to attack cancer cells.

Dosage

Overdose

This medicine is administered by healthcare professionals, so it is unlikely that you will be given too much medicine. If you think you have been given too much medicine, tell your doctor. You may experience side effects if you have been given too much medicine.

Missed a Dose

This medicine is given by a healthcare professional, so it is unlikely that you will miss a dose. If you miss your scheduled infusion, contact your doctor as soon as possible to rebook.

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