Methylphenidate

Uses	Treatment of ADHD, Narcolepsy
Therapy	Drugs For Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Side Effects	Anxiety, loss of appetite, insomnia, dry mouth, nausea, stomach ache, fast heartbeat

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Molecule Description

Methylphenidate is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Methylphenidate is categorised as a controlled substance. This means that your doctor will closely monitor the use of Methylphenidate. Methylphenidate may not be suitable for all children. Your doctor will monitor blood pressure and pulse rate while on treatment with Methylphenidate.

Uses

Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Treatment of Narcolepsy (sleep disorder)

Contraindications

When should one not use Methylphenidate

If the patient is a child below 6 years
If you have cardiac disorders
If you suffer from an overactive thyroid
If you or your family member has been diagnosed with a mental health disorder
If you have epilepsy
If you or your close family member suffers from glaucoma
If you are allergic to methylphenidate
If you have a tumour in your adrenal gland
If you have sudden muscle movements in the face or body
If one of your close family members is diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome
If you have high blood pressure
If you suffer from blood vessel disorders like vasculitis
If you have suffered from a stroke in the past
If you are taking MAO inhibitors

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

Anxiety
Loss of appetite
Insomnia
Dry mouth
Nausea
Stomach pain
Fast heartbeat

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

Methylphenidate should be used during pregnancy only when absolutely necessary. Your doctor will make a decision after weighing the risks and benefits of using Methylphenidate during pregnancy.

Breast Feeding

Methylphenidate can pass onto the child through the breastmilk. Your doctor will advise you about using Methylphenidate while breastfeeding.

Driving

Methylphenidate side effects may include dizziness. Wait to gauge the full impact of this medicine before you undertake activities like driving.

Alcohol

Alcohol can worsen the side effects like dizziness associated with this medicine. It is strongly advised not to consume alcohol with Methylphenidate.

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if

You notice any changes in mood or personality while consuming Methylphenidate.
You experience side effects that are persistent or severe.
You want to give any supplements or herbal products to your child who is consuming Methylphenidate.
You feel that Methylphenidate is not giving you the desired effect. Sometimes this medicine stops working when taken for a long time.
You feel a strong desire to continue the medicine or consume it in increased doses.
You have asthma.
You have liver or kidney problems.

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Methylphenidate is a stimulant. This compound increases the level of dopamine and norepinephrine in your system. Norepinephrine and dopamine are chemical messengers produced by our body. These messengers are responsible for our behaviour and mood. Low levels of dopamine and norepinephrine cause symptoms like anxiety, depression and stress. When methylphenidate increases dopamine and norepinephrine, it makes you calm and gives relief from the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Interactions

Interactions with other medicines

Methylphenidate may interact with:
Iproniazid
Linezolid
Phenelzine
Rasagiline
Selegiline
Furazolidone
Isocarboxazid
Methylene Blue
Nialamide
Procarbazine
Methylphenidate may cause an interaction if consumed with any of the medicines mentioned above. The interaction between these two medicines can cause an adverse effect on the body. Additionally, in some cases, these medicines interact with each other decreasing the effectiveness of either.

Interactions with food items

Methylphenidate interaction with food is uneventful. It is better to take Methylphenidate before food. Take it after a meal if you get stomach upset on taking Methylphenidate on an empty stomach.

Dosage

Overdose

An overdose of Methylphenidate can cause symptoms like seizures, fits and palpitations. Consult a doctor immediately if you have taken an overdose of Methylphenidate.

Missed a Dose

If you have missed a dose of Methylphenidate, then take it as soon as you remember. Be careful not to take the missed dose closer to the subsequent dose. You may accidentally consume an overdose of Methylphenidate.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Methylphenidate may impact your child's growth if taken for more than a year. Your doctor will keep an eye on your child's growth parameters to monitor their growth rate.

If your child vomits within half an hour of taking Methylphenidate, give them another dose. If the vomiting incident took place after more than half an hour, do not give them another dose. If the vomiting occurs regularly, consult the doctor.

No. Methylphenidate is not a lifelong medicine. Your child may have to take it for many months or some years, depending on their response to the medicine.

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References:

Methylphenidate Hydrochloride 10 mg Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc) [Internet]. Medicines.org.uk. 2017. Available from:

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