Exenatide
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Molecule Description
Exenatide is an anti-diabetic medicine that works like the natural hormone incretin in the body to help lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. It helps the pancreas release insulin when blood sugar is high, slows stomach emptying to reduce post-meal spikes in blood sugar, and decreases the amount of sugar produced by the liver. Exenatide is usually given as an injection and is used along with a healthy diet and regular exercise to improve blood sugar control. It may also support weight management in some patients. Like other diabetes medicines, it should be used under medical supervision, and patients should watch for side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or low blood sugar, particularly if taken with other anti-diabetic medications.
Uses
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Contraindications
When should one not use Exenatide
Allergic to this medicine
Side effects
Common side effects of this drug are:
- Nausea, vomiting
- Low blood sugar (sudden sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, tingling in hands and feet)
- Weight loss
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Constipation
- Abdominal Discomfort
- Flatulence (passing gas)
Precautions and Warnings
Pregnancy
Breast Feeding
Driving
Alcohol
Other General Warnings
Talk to your doctor if
- You have Type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis then this medicine should not be used
- You have severe problems with your stomach or inflammation of the pancreas
- You lost weight too quickly
- You are suffering from kidney disease or you are on dialysis
Mode of Action
How Does It Work?
In diabetes, the hormone insulin secreted by the pancreas which is responsible for lowering blood sugar, is decreased. Exenatide helps to stimulate the pancreas to secrete more insulin, which will help in reducing blood glucose. It also decreases the amount of sugar absorbed from food, slows down the digestion in your stomach and decreases appetite.
Interactions
Interactions with other medicines
- Oral antidiabetic medicine (e.g. Sulfonylureas) and Meglitinides may increase the risk of low blood sugar
- Blood-thinner medicines like Warfarin
- Insulin
Interactions with food items
Decreased absorption of medicine is observed in the presence of food or other medications. Consume this medicine before meals.
Dietary Restrictions
Avoid food with a high glycemic index (white rice, ice-cream, french fries, mangoes). It is advisable to follow a strict diabetic diet.
Dosage
Overdose
Symptoms of Exenatide overdose include severe nausea, vomiting, rapid drop in blood sugar levels. If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency medical care immediately.
Missed a Dose
Take the missed dose as early as you remember. Skip the missed dose and follow the regular dosing schedule if it’s too late. Do not take extra medicine to compensate for the missed dose.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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References:
- Ema. Exenatide.[Accessed 10 Sept.2019] (online):
- WebMD. Exenatide.[Accessed 10 Sept.2019] (online):
- Medscape. Exenatide.[Accessed 10 Sept.2019] (online):
- drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2006-. Exenatide. [Updated 2019 May 1]. :
- drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2006-. Exenatide. [Updated 2019 May 1]. :
- drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2006-. Exenatide. [Updated 2019 May 1]. :
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