Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin

Uses	Tuberculosis
Therapy	Anti-Tubercular
Side Effects	Joint pain, blurred or loss of vision, skin rash, nausea or vomiting, change in colour of urine, weight loss, bleeding or bruising

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Molecule Description

Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin is used in the treatment of tuberculosis (or TB infection), a very contagious bacterial infection that affects the lungs. The active ingredients in Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin are Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Ethambutol. All three are anti-tuberculosis medications. This medicine works by killing the bacteria in various ways and lowering infection.

Uses

As per CDSCO, Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin is used for the treatment of tuberculosis infection (mostly in the lungs and rarely in other areas).

Contraindications

When should one not use Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin

If you have a known allergy to any of the components of Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin
If you have a history of eye conditions like optic neuritis; Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin can worsen your condition
If you have acute or severe liver dysfunction

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

Joint pain
Blurred or loss of vision
Skin rash
Nausea or vomiting
Change in the colour of urine
Weight loss
Bleeding or bruising

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

Yes. If you are diagnosed with tuberculosis when pregnant, take Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin in the exact way advised by the doctor. It is usual to have concerns about the unborn child's health, but not taking anti-TB medicines can cause severe infection and even death. Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin may reach the foetus, but studies have not shown any development problems.

Breast Feeding

You can breastfeed your baby when taking Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin or other anti-TB medicine. Your doctor might prescribe Vitamin B6 supplements. While a small amount of Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin may pass into breast milk, it is too little to cause harm to the child. Consult your doctor to know more.

Driving

Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin can cause adverse effects like drowsiness, lightheadedness, and blurred vision, affecting your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Do not drive if you experience any side effects.

Alcohol

Do not consume alcohol with Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin. Some studies have shown that excessive consumption of alcohol along with Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin is associated with increased risk of poor treatment outcomes such as treatment failure, which can result in death.

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if

You have used Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin to treat tuberculosis in the past.
You want to stop using this medicine because you are feeling better. Do not stop mid-treatment and always complete the entire course of treatment. Otherwise, the infection may return and be harder to treat.
You have tingling sensations or nerve pain, or damage. This may be due to a Vitamin B6 deficiency, which can cause an inflammation of nerves.
You are on oral birth control pills. This medicine reduces their effectiveness, so use other contraceptive methods like condoms, diaphragms, etc.
You have gout due to high uric acid levels in the body, or a nerve condition such as peripheral neuropathy
You take antacids regularly. Do not take antacids immediately after taking this medicine.

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin is a combination of three active components: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Ethambutol.

Interactions

Interactions with other medicines

If you are using Phenytoin (anti-seizure medicine) or Disulfiram (for alcoholism), Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin will increase the level of these medicines in the blood and cause adverse effects.
Rifampicin (a component of this medicine) is contraindicated in HIV-positive patients using antiretroviral medicines like protease inhibitors. Concentrations of many standard-antiretroviral medicines are severely decreased compromising HIV treatment efficacy.
If you are using oral contraceptives, blood thinners (warfarin), certain diabetic medicines (sulfonylureas), and methadone, Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin can decrease the level of these medicines in the blood.

Interactions with food items

Try to take it on an empty stomach; food can interfere with the effectiveness of this medicine. If you experience a severe stomach upset, take it after meals.

Dosage

Overdose

Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin overdose can cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, itching, slurred speech, increased heart rate, urinary retention, lack of consciousness, and dark-coloured skin, urine, saliva, or stools. If you overdose on this medicine or have any of these symptoms, contact your doctor and seek medical treatment.

Missed a Dose

If you have missed a dose of Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin, try to take it as soon as you remember. If you recall the missed dose when it is almost time for the next one, skip the missed one and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take both of them together; this can lead to adverse reactions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

It is not recommended to take Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin and antacids at the same time. Do not take antacids within two hours of taking this medicine. Consult your doctor if you have a persistent stomach upset or other stomach problems.

Tuberculosis bacteria die very slowly, and it takes a long time to eliminate them. Do not stop using Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin any time in the middle of the treatment schedule, even if you think you are feeling better. If you stop in the middle, the bacteria will multiply again and may gain resistance to the current treatment. This causes reinfection and makes it even harder to kill the bacteria.

It is not advisable to wear contact lenses while on this treatment. Ethambutol+Isoniazid+Rifampicin can change the colour of eyes, urine, etc., to orange. This colour change is not harmful but can permanently change the colour of your contact lenses.

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