Isoniazid
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Molecule Summary
| Uses | Pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis |
| Therapy | Anti-Tubercular |
| Side Effects | Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, unusual tiredness, convulsions, dark urine, mental depression, skin rash, pain in joints, unusual bleeding, unusual bruising, tingling or numbness of hands and feet. |
Medicines
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19k pincodes
Molecule Description
Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to manage tuberculosis. It works by killing the organisms that cause tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Usually, it is taken in combination with other medicines to prevent the spread of infection more efficiently.
Uses
- Pulmonary tuberculosis (within the lungs)
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (outside the lungs)
Contraindications
When should one not use Isoniazid
Hypersensitivity to Isoniazid
Side effects
Common side effects of this drug are:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Dark urine
- Loss of appetite
- Unusual tiredness
- Convulsions
- Mental depression
- Skin rash
- Pain in joints
- Unusual bleeding
- Unusual bruising
- Tingling or numbness of hands and feet
Precautions and Warnings
Pregnancy
Breast Feeding
Driving
Alcohol
Other General Warnings
Talk to your doctor if
- You are diagnosed with Liver impairment – The use of Isoniazid is not well established in patients with liver impairment due to the increased risk of occurrence of severe side effects. Regular monitoring of liver function tests, dose adjustments, and appropriate substitution of medicines must be made if needed, according to the patient's condition.
- You are diagnosed with Renal impairment – The use of Isoniazid is not well established in patients with renal impairment due to its severe side effects on the patient's body. Regular monitoring of renal function tests, dose adjustments, and appropriate substitution of medicines must be made if needed, according to the patient's condition.
Mode of Action
How Does It Work?
Isoniazid works by killing the bacteria causing Tuberculosis, i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a chemical that gets activated by bacterial catalase (Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen). The activation is accompanied by reducing the mycobacterial ferric KatG catalase-peroxidase via reaction with oxygen and hydrazine. This activated isoniazid stops the synthesis of mycolic acids (an important component of the bacterial cell wall). Therefore, isoniazid performs a bactericidal function against the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis.
Interactions
Interactions with other medicines
- Isoniazid may show interactions with the following medications:
- Alprazolam
- Carbamazepine
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Clobazam
- Acemetacin
- Acalabrutinib
- Acetaminophen
- Acetazolamide
Interactions with food items
- While using Isoniazid, avoid foods containing tyramine (such as aged cheese, soy sauce, red wine, etc.) and chocolates.
Dosage
Overdose
- In case of a suspected overdose, seek emergency help as the overdose may be associated with many symptoms like seizures, metabolic acidosis, coma, and even death.
Missed a Dose
In case of a missed dose, take the dose as soon as you remember it. If it is now the time for the next dose, then go with the fresh dosing schedule and skip the dose that has been missed. Do not double the amount of dose to compensate for the missed one.
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