Insulin Lispro

Uses	Diabetes mellitus
Therapy	Anti-Diabetic
Side Effects	Injection site reactions, low blood sugar levels, lightheadedness, dizziness

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Molecule Description

Insulin Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analogue (a man-made form of human insulin). It is an anti-diabetic medicine that belongs to the insulin group of medicine. Insulin Lispro is used for lowering the blood glucose levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This medicine provides rapid action but for a shorter duration. Insulin Lispro should be taken about 15 minutes before a meal or immediately after starting the meal, as directed by your doctor. You should never skip the meal or the dose of insulin, and you should keep changing the injection site. Do not take insulin on the same site for a longer duration. While on Insulin Lispro, it is advised to keep a sugar candy or glucose handy as it has decreased blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) as its common side effect. However, if you experience any of these symptoms quite often, you should contact your doctor. The doctor might change the dose of this medicine.

Uses

Insulin Lispro is used to treat diabetes mellitus.

Contraindications

When should one not use Insulin Lispro

If you are allergic to insulin or other ingredients of Insulin Lispro.
If you suffer from hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level).

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

Low blood sugar
Lightheadedness
Dizziness
Tiredness
Sweating
Pain, redness, swelling at the injection site

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

Insulin Lispro is used during pregnancy if the doctor recommends. Close monitoring of blood sugar levels is advised as the dose requirements may change with each trimester of pregnancy.

Breast Feeding

Insulin Lispro is used while breastfeeding if recommended by the doctor.

Driving

Insulin causes low blood sugar levels and leads to impairment in the driving ability. Always keep sugar or a bar of chocolate in the car while driving. In case of the symptoms of low blood glucose levels like dizziness, drowsiness, vision disturbances and sweating, avoid driving and have sugar juice.

Alcohol

Avoid consuming alcohol when you are taking Insulin Lispro it interferes with the way insulin works and leads to an increased risk of low and high blood sugar levels.

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if

You have recurrent low blood sugar levels. Take care about symptoms of low blood sugar like sweating, anxiety, fast heartbeat, headache, intense hunger, restlessness, dizziness, irritability. If you experience these, have sugar (Do not consume artificial sweeteners). Eat something as soon as possible. Avoid taking insulin in such a scenario. If still the symptoms persist, seek medical help.
You have fever and infections.
You have diseases related to the liver and kidney.
You have thyroid disorders.
You are switching to a different insulin brand.
You have pain, itching and swelling at the injection site, you must change the injection site.
You are planning to change your diet preferences.
Avoid heavy exercise.
You must always carry a sugar candy.
You are taking insulin but not taking adequate meals, the blood glucose drops drastically.

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Insulin allows the entry of blood glucose into the cell of the body.
Inside the cell, glucose is used as fuel.
In type 1 diabetes mellitus, the body fails to produce insulin.
It starts glucose accumulation in the blood and causes high blood glucose.
Insulin Lispro lowers blood sugars by stimulating glucose uptake by cells, tissue and muscles, by skeletal muscles and fat and inhibits glucose production by the liver.

Interactions

Interactions with other medicines

Some medicines affect the way Insulin Lispro works or the medicine itself reduces the effectiveness of other medicines taken at the same time.
Inform the physician about the medicines, supplements or herbals you take or might take to avoid possible interaction.
You experience low blood sugar if you are taking other medicines to treat diabetes, mental health problems (fluoxetine), medicines for fever and pain (salicylates), ramipril, lisinopril.
You may have high blood sugar if you are taking oral contraceptives, thiazide, steroids, thyroxine, medicines used to treat diarrhoea and abnormal growth of body organs like octreotide, lanreotide.
Taking pioglitazone to treat diabetes, be cautious, cases of heart attack and heart failure have been reported.
Some medicines block the body's response to low blood sugar, so you may not experience symptoms like headache, hunger pangs, sweating, anxiety when the blood sugar drops. This leads to a serious fall in blood sugar. Inform the doctor if you are taking medicines like Betablockers (Metoprolol, Propranolol, Atenolol), Clonidine, Guanethidine and Reserpine.

Interactions with food items

Insulin Lispro should be taken about 15 minutes before a meal or immediately after starting the meal, as directed by your doctor.
Maintaining a constant meal pattern is advisable when you are taking insulin.
Take the meals regularly when you are taking insulin.

Dosage

Overdose

Excess insulin leads to low blood sugar levels, called hypoglycemia. Symptoms like dizziness, fainting, sweating and tremors are seen. If you have the blood glucometer, test and confirm.
Whether or not you test the levels, it is important to take glucose water/juice/eat sugar or chocolates and then rush to the doctor.

Missed a Dose

A missed dose may lead to high blood sugar levels which cause symptoms like feeling thirsty, excessive urination, loss of appetite, drowsiness, the fruity smell from breath, etc.
If you have missed taking a dose of medicine take it as soon as you remember.
If it's time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dose schedule.
Avoid taking a double dose to compensate for the missed one. The double dose causes a drastic fall in blood glucose which is dangerous.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Avoid consuming maida, white bread, noodles, corn flakes, poori, biryani, naan, fried rice, etc. Avoid seetaphal, mango, jack fruit, fruit salads with ice cream, fruit-based desserts. Avoid cheese, milkshakes, ice creams. Avoid pork, beef, soft drinks, sugarcane juice, sweetened health drinks and beverages.

No, you can not stop taking the insulin without consulting with a doctor. It leads to high blood sugar levels and worsen the disease condition and land you in complications. In case of side effects or discomfort, talk to the doctor. You may need a dose adjustment.

Injecting insulin at the same site can lead to a lump formation, local irritation and itching. Avoid injecting at the same site or maintain a gap of at least one day.

Diet must include chapatis, multigrain bread, puffed rice with vegetables, sprouts, roasted grams, plain cooked daal, soups, steamed vegetables, cooked vegetables with less oil, Jamun, orange, guava, apple, watermelon, papaya, cow's milk, curd, thin buttermilk, fish (grilled, baked or steamed), peanuts, cashew nuts and walnuts(handful). Limit sugar intake. A brisk walk daily for 30 minutes. Exercise regularly. Monitor the blood glucose regularly. Take the anti-diabetic medication on time.

Risk factors that cause low blood glucose levels include taking too much insulin, not taking adequate meals or missing meals, too much alcohol consumption, fever and too much exercise. Some medicines, when used with insulin results in such episodes like other diabetes medicine glimepiride, medicines used for fever and pain (salicylates), ramipril, etc. Report to the doctor about these episodes. You need a dose of adjustment.