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Insulin Degludec

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Molecule Summary

Uses
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Therapy
Anti-Diabetic
Side Effects
Low blood sugar levels, hypokalemia, allergic reactions
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Molecule Description

Insulin Degludec is an ultra-long-acting insulin used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults and children. It maintains a steady level of insulin in the body throughout the day, helping to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications associated with diabetes. Insulin Degludec can be prescribed alone or in combination with fast-acting insulin or other diabetes medications. Your doctor or nurse will instruct you on the correct method for injecting it subcutaneously. For optimal benefits, use this medication as prescribed regularly. Stopping the medication can lead to high blood sugar levels, putting you at risk for serious complications. It is essential to follow a treatment plan that includes a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management as advised by your doctor. The most common side effect of this medication is low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). To prevent hypoglycemia, always inject the correct dose, eat regular meals, and monitor your blood sugar levels consistently. Excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to reduced blood sugar levels. Other possible side effects include reactions at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, or hard lumps (lipohypertrophy). Avoid using this medication if you have low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). Inform your doctor if you have a history of kidney, liver, or heart problems before beginning treatment. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consult their doctor prior to using this medication.

Uses

Insulin Degludec is used to manage blood sugar levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Contraindications

When should one not use Insulin Degludec

  • If you are allergic to insulin or any of the ingredients of this medicine
  • If you are suffering from hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level).

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

  • Low blood sugar (Hypoglycaemia)
  • Low potassium in your blood (hypokalemia)
  • Pain, redness, swelling at injection site.

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

Pregnancy

This medicine can be used during pregnancy if your doctor recommends However, close monitoring of blood sugar levels is suggested as the dose requirements may change with each trimester of pregnancy.

Breast Feeding

Breast Feeding

You can use this while you are breastfeeding.

Driving

Driving

Insulin is known to cause low blood sugar levels and these can lead to impairment in your driving ability Always keep sugar or a bar of chocolate in your car with you while driving In case you experience any of the symptoms of low blood glucose levels like dizziness, drowsiness, visual disturbances and sweating, stop driving immediately and have sugar/ juice.

Alcohol

Alcohol

It is advisable not to consume alcohol when you are taking this medicine as it interferes with the way insulin works Consumption of alcohol may lead to an increased risk of both low blood glucose level and high blood glucose level Avoid excessive use of alcohol while taking insulin.

Other General Warnings

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if
  • You have recurrent low blood sugar levels
  • You have frequent fever and infections
  • You have diseases related to liver and kidney
  • You have thyroid disorders
  • You are switching to different insulin medicine brand
  • You have pain, itching and swelling at the injection site, you should continuously change the site of injection
  • Avoid doing heavy exercise
  • You are planning to change your diet preferences
  • You should always carry sugar candy with you
  • You are taking insulin but not taking adequate meals, your blood glucose can drop drastically.

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Insulin degludec is an ultra-long-acting insulin that works by delivering a slow and steady release of insulin into the bloodstream, helping to regulate blood sugar levels over an extended period. This prolonged effect is achieved through a unique mechanism involving the formation of a subcutaneous insulin depot after injection.

Interactions

Interactions with other medicines

  • You may have symptoms of low blood sugar if you are taking other medicines for diabetes, depression (fluoxetine), medicines for fever and pain (salicylates), ramipril, lisinopril
  • You may have high blood sugar if you are taking oral contraceptives, thiazide, steroids, thyroxine, medicines used to treat severe diarrhoea and abnormal growth of body organs like octreotide, lanreotide
  • If you are taking a medicine pioglitazone to treat diabetes, be cautious, as some cases of heart attack and heart failure have been reported
  • Some medicines block your body's response to low blood sugar, so you may not experience symptoms like headache, hunger pangs, sweating, anxiety when your blood sugar drops. This can lead to a serious fall in blood sugar. Inform your doctor if you are on medicines like Betablockers (Metoprolol, Propranolol, Atenolol), Clonidine, Guanethidine and Reserpine.

Interactions with food items

  • Use this medicine exactly as directed by your doctor
  • Maintaining a constant meal pattern is advisable when you are taking insulin
  • Avoid skipping or delaying meals when you are taking insulin.

Dosage

Overdose

  • Excess insulin will lead to low blood sugar levels, called hypoglycemia
  • Symptoms like dizziness, fainting, sweating and tremors may be seen
  • If you have the blood glucometer with you, test immediately and confirm
  • Whether or not you test your levels, it is important to take some glucose water/juice/eat sugar or chocolates immediately and then rush to your doctor.

Missed a Dose

  • Missed dose may lead to high blood sugar levels which can cause symptoms like feeling thirsty, excessive urination, loss of appetite, drowsiness, fruity smell from breath, etc.
  • If you missed any dose of medicine take it as soon as you remember
  • If it is almost time for your next dose, consult your doctor on what to do
  • Do not take a double dose of medicine to compensate the missed one as taking double dose can cause a drastic fall in blood glucose which can be dangerous.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Insulin Degludec is a man-made, long-acting human insulin analog used to help control high blood sugar in adults and children aged 1 year and older with diabetes mellitus. It is a basal insulin that works over an extended period to provide a steady glucose-lowering effect.

Insulin Degludec is injected subcutaneously into the thigh, upper arm, or abdomen. You should rotate your injection sites within the same region to reduce the risk of skin problems like lipodystrophy. For adults, Insulin Degludec can be injected once daily at any time of day. If you miss a dose as an adult, you can inject it during waking hours upon discovering the missed dose, ensuring at least 8 hours have passed between consecutive injections. For pediatric patients, it should be injected once daily at the same time every day. Always check the insulin label before each injection to avoid medication errors.

The most common and serious side effect of Insulin Degludec, like other insulins, is low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening. Other common side effects include allergic reactions, reactions at the injection site (like pain or swelling), skin thickening or pits at the injection site (lipodystrophy), itching, rash, swelling of hands and feet, and weight gain. Serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, are rare but possible and require immediate medical attention.

No, Insulin Degludec should never be shared between patients, even if the needle is changed. Similarly, if using Insulin Degludec vials, needles or syringes should not be shared. Sharing poses a risk for the transmission of blood-borne pathogens.

Before first use, unopened Insulin Degludec pens or vials should be stored in the refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C) in their original carton to protect from light. Do not freeze Insulin Degludec, and do not use it if it has been frozen. Once a pen or vial is in use, it can be stored in the refrigerator (36°F to 46°F / 2°C to 8°C) or kept at room temperature (up to 86°F / 30°C). An opened pen or vial should be discarded after 56 days, even if there is still insulin left and the expiration date has not passed. Keep Insulin Degludec away from direct heat or light.

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