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Apalutamide

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Molecule Summary

Uses
Prostate Cancer
Therapy
Anti-Neoplastic, Hormonal Therapy
Side Effects
Tiredness, Rash, Joint Pain, Hot Flashes
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Molecule Description

Apalutamide is an anti-cancer medicine. It is a prescription medicine used in adult men for management of prostate cancer. Apalutamide belongs to a group of medicines called androgen receptor inhibitors. It works by blocking the action of male hormones (androgens) that can support the growth of prostate cancer cells. Apalutamide is taken by mouth as prescribed as prescribed by your doctor. Do not change, skip or miss the dose recommended by your doctor. Apalutamide is a prescription-only medicine and should be used strictly under medical supervision. The treatment plan is decided by the treating doctor based on the condition being treated, your body response and the other medicines you are receiving. Before starting Apalutamide, tell your doctor about all your existing medical conditions, especially heart, liver or kidney problems, and about every medicine, vitamin, supplement and herbal product you take. Regular blood tests and clinical check-ups are usually needed during treatment so that side effects are picked up early.

Uses

  • Apalutamide is used to treat adult men with:
  • Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (M-Crpc) Non Metastatic, Castration Resistant Prostrate Cancer (Nm-Crpc)

Contraindications

When should one not use Apalutamide

  • If you are allergic to apalutamide or any of the other ingredients in this medicine, as a serious allergic reaction may occur

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

  • Fatigue (tiredness)
  • Skin rash, which may be itchy or widespread
  • High blood pressure (hypertension)
  • Hot flushes
  • Joint pain (arthralgia)
  • Diarrhoea
  • Weight loss
  • Decreased appetite
  • Falls
  • Fractures (broken bones), including hip, spine and rib fractures
  • Low white blood cell count (leukopenia), which may increase the risk of infection
  • Underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)
  • High cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood tests
  • Changes in taste (dysgeusia)
  • Stroke or other ischaemic cerebrovascular events
  • Ischaemic heart disease, including angina or heart attack
  • Itching (pruritus)
  • Muscle spasms
  • Serious side effects can include seizures, severe skin reactions, lung inflammation (interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis), and serious heart or blood-vessel problems.
  • Contact your doctor promptly if you develop a seizure, severe or rapidly worsening skin rash, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or symptoms suggestive of a stroke.

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

Pregnancy

Apalutamide is intended for use in adult men and should not be used by women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. Male patients with a female partner who may become pregnant should use a condom together with another highly effective contraceptive method during treatment and for 3 months after the last dose.

Breast Feeding

Breast Feeding

Apalutamide is intended for use in adult men. Breastfeeding is therefore not applicable to the intended patient population.

Driving

Driving

Apalutamide has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive or use machines. However, seizures have been reported in patients taking this medicine. If you experience a seizure, do not drive or operate machinery and contact your doctor immediately.

Alcohol

Alcohol

Try to avoid alcohol during your treatment course. If you have any questions about whether any amount of alcohol is safe for you, speak to your doctor before making that decision.

Other General Warnings

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if
  • Develop a skin rash, particularly if it is widespread, severe, or worsening.
  • Experience a seizure.
  • Develop a new or worsening cough or difficulty breathing.
  • Have chest pain or symptoms of a heart or blood-vessel problem.
  • Have a history of falls or fractures, or are at increased risk of falls or fractures.
  • Have a history of seizures or other conditions that may increase your risk of seizures.
  • Take other prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, or herbal products, as apalutamide can interact with many medicines.
  • Are planning to have children in the future, as apalutamide may impair male fertility. Discuss family planning and contraception with your doctor.
  • Take apalutamide at the same time every day to maintain a consistent dosing schedule.
  • Swallow the tablets whole with water. Do not crush or split the tablets.
  • Tell your doctor if you develop a skin rash. Seek prompt medical attention if the rash is severe, widespread, worsening, or associated with fever, flu-like symptoms, mouth sores, or other concerning symptoms.
  • Contact your doctor immediately if you experience a seizure.
  • Take appropriate steps to reduce your risk of falls and fractures. Your doctor may assess your bone health and recommend appropriate treatment if needed.

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Apalutamide works by blocking androgen receptors.These receptors normally receive signals from male hormones such as testosterone. Blocking these signals reduces androgen activity in prostate cancer cells and slows the growth and spread of prostate cancer and may cause some cancer cells to die.

Interactions

Interactions with other medicines

  • Tell your doctor about all medicines, vitamins, supplements, and herbal products you take.
  • Apalutamide can affect the way many other medicines work by increasing their breakdown in the body. Your doctor may therefore need to monitor or adjust some medicines, including certain blood thinners, heart medicines, cholesterol-lowering medicines, and seizure medicines.

Interactions with food items

Apalutamide can be taken with or without food.

Dosage

Overdose

There is no known specific antidote for a Apalutamide overdose. If you think you have taken too much of this medicine, contact your doctor or go to the nearest emergency department right away.

Missed a Dose

If you miss a dose of Apalutamide, take it as soon as you remember on the same day, then continue with your normal schedule the following day. Do not take extra tablets to make up for a missed dose. If you are unsure what to do after missing a dose, contact your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Yes, Apalutamide is used to treat certain types of prostate cancer in adult men. It is not indicated for use in women.

Take Apalutamide exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Take it by mouth at the same time each day. Swallow the tablet whole with water. Do not change your dose or stop taking the medicine unless your doctor tells you to.

Before starting Apalutamide, tell your doctor about all your medical conditions and all medicines, supplements, or herbal products you take. Also inform your doctor if you have a history of seizures, heart problems, high blood pressure, falls or fractures. Follow your doctor's advice about contraception during treatment.

Apalutamide may affect fertility in men. If you are planning to have a child, talk to your doctor about fertility and family-planning options before starting treatment.

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