Glipizide

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Molecule Description

Glipizide belongs to a class of medicines called Sulfonylureas. This helps to lower the blood sugar and restores the way you use food to make energy.

Uses

It is used to treat Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM-non insulin dependant diabetes mellitus).

Contraindications

When should one not use Glipizide

If you are allergic to Glipizide or any other Sulphonamides
If you are taking any antifungal medicine to treat fungal infection
If you have thyroid problems also if you have ketones and sugar in your urine (diabetic ketoacidosis)
If you feel unconscious, do not take this medicine
If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy

Side effects

Common side effects of this drug are:

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Decrease in blood cells and blood platelates
Diarrhea
Breathing difficulty
Swelling face, rash, itching

Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy

This medication should not be given to a pregnant woman or if you are planning for pregnancy.

Breast Feeding

Do not take Glipizide if you are breastfeeding. It may be excreted in your breast milk and may harm your nursing child.

Driving

If you are driving, you should take special care, as your ability to concentrate may be affected if your diabetes is not well controlled. You may be advised to check your blood sugar levels before you travel and have a snack with you on long journeys.

Alcohol

Alcohol can intensify the side effects of Glipizide. Avoid consumption of alcohol when on Glipizide.

Other General Warnings

Talk to your doctor if

You have kidney, heart, or liver disease
You have digestive problems
You have a history of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
You have a history of anemia

Mode of Action

How Does It Work?

Glipizide is used to treat high blood sugar levels caused by a type of diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes) called Type 2 diabetes. In Type 2 diabetes, too much glucose is produced due to a lack of insulin in the body, and your body does not function properly to store excess sugar, and the sugar remains in your bloodstream. Chronic high blood sugar can lead to serious health problems in the future. It helps your body to use insulin better.

Interactions

Interactions with other medicines

Medicines used to treat fungal infections (Fluconazole or Voriconazole)
Medicines used to treat muscle and joint pain like Phenylbutazone
Medicines like Propranolol, Captopril, used to treat high blood pressure and certain heart conditions
Medicines used to treat bacterial infections (Quinolones)
Medicines used to treat depression and gout
Blood thinners like Warfarin
Medicines to treat bacterial infections called Quinolones (like Ciprofloxacin)
Medicines used to treat psychiatric conditions e.g., Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine
Medicines used to treat inflammatory conditions like Prednisolone
Oral contraceptives (the pill) and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Medicines used to treat epilepsy like Phenytoin
Medicines used to treat tuberculosis like Isoniazid

Interactions with food items

Medicines can interact with certain foods; this may be harmful in some cases, and your doctor may advise you to avoid certain foods. In the case of Glipizide, there are no specific foods that you must exclude from your diet.

Dietary Restrictions

No information is available on dietary restrictions while you are taking Glipizide, consult your doctor or pharmacist for details.

Dosage

Overdose

It is likely that your blood sugar levels have gone too low (hypoglycemia) in the event of overdose. Immediately consume some sugar or sugar-containing drinks and report to the emergency medical care unit.

Missed a Dose

Take medicine as soon as you remember the missed dose. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to the regular dosing schedule. Do not use extra medicine to compensate for the missed dose.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Beta-blockers (e.g., Propranolol) blocks the signs and symptoms like sweating, tremors, etc. of excessive fall in blood sugar levels. They may lead to hide signs of low blood sugar.

Glipizide belongs to the Sulfonylurea group, which contains sulfa content; hence, this medicine should not be taken by patients with sulfa allergy.

Inform the doctor if you have G6PD deficiency (an inherited condition causing premature destruction of red blood cells) or having sulfa allergy and the relevant medical and surgical history, your past and ongoing medicines, etc.

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