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Introduction As you get older, it’s common to notice changes in your balance. These changes may be mild at first, but over time they can affect your stability and increase the risk of falls. This can happen due to a balance disorder, which may be caused by age-related changes in the body, underlying health conditions, […]

Introduction Did you know that pneumonia, a respiratory infection causing inflammation in your lungs, is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation and death in the world1,2? It is important to remember that early identification of your infection can lead to complete recovery with minimal complications3. What Is Lobar Pneumonia? Pneumonia is an infection of […]

Introduction Fever is one of the body’s natural defence mechanisms, which signals that something is wrong in our body. Fever can happen due to infection, inflammation, or injury. When fever is caused by a virus, it is called viral fever. Our body raises its temperature as an immune response, which fights the virus in the […]

Introduction As people get older, they become more susceptible to infections, and a common one is the lung infection called pneumonia. It happens when bacteria, viruses, fungi or other uncommon germs enter the lungs. In the elderly, the body’s defence system becomes weak, so germs can easily enter the airways1,2. This leads to infection in […]

Introduction Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection affecting any part of the urinary system, commonly the bladder or kidneys1. In elderly people, UTI is one of the most common infections and is responsible for about 25% of all infections in this age group2. UTIs in elderly individuals may be recurrent or resistant to […]

Introduction “Is HPV herpes?” Well, it’s common to get confused between the two because both are sexually transmitted infections (STIs). But HPV is not herpes. Although both commonly affect the genital area and may not always show symptoms, they are caused by different viruses and differ in their characteristics1,2. HPV is caused by the Human […]

Introduction Bronchitis is a condition where the large airways in your lungs get inflamed (swollen), and they produce more mucus, which makes you cough. It can be short-term, lasting a few days or weeks, called acute bronchitis, which is mostly caused by viruses and rarely by bacteria (occurring as secondary infections)1. Around 50 to 60 […]

Introduction It is estimated that around 80% of sexually active women will be exposed to at least one type of HPV during their lifetime1. HPV is a common viral infection that affects both men and women. However, it may go unnoticed as it usually does not present with symptoms2. HPV is caused by a virus […]

Introduction Did you know that you have an increased risk of developing pneumonia if you are above 65 years of age or under 2 years of age1? Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide2. While pneumonia itself is not contagious, the causative agents (bacteria, virus) generally are. Understanding how pneumonia spreads, what […]

Introduction Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, making it a global health concern1. It is a serious infection that affects your lungs by causing inflammation and fluid or pus accumulation in the alveoli (air sacs) of your lungs2. Bacterial pneumonia, especially from Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae type b, […]

Introduction Acute heart failure is a sudden and potentially life-threatening condition1. It is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation among adults over the age of 65, with millions of cases diagnosed each year1,2. Despite how frequently doctors encounter it, each case of acute heart failure is unique, and outcomes can vary widely from person […]

Introduction Diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels, making it important to carefully monitor sugar and carbohydrate intake. Therefore, managing diabetes is a lot about making smart food choices. Though it is suggested that individuals with diabetes avoid all forms of sweet and sugary foods, that may not always be possible. So, […]

Introduction Intermittent fasting, also known as intermittent energy restriction, involves limiting food intake to specific time windows or abstaining from eating for set periods. It has gained popularity for its potential benefits, including weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, and even the potential to reverse type 2 diabetes1,2. However, you may wonder, is intermittent fasting good […]

Introduction Kidney stones are a common and painful problem that many people face. The pain can be sudden and intense, often starting in the lower back or side and moving toward the groin. For some, it can be so severe that they need to visit the hospital1. Other kidney stone symptoms may include nausea, blood […]

Introduction Kidney stones are hard mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys and can travel through the urinary tract. They often cause intense pain, especially when they block the flow of urine or move through narrow passages like the ureter. While some stones may pass naturally in sometime with fluids, others can become […]

Introduction A urinary tract infection (UTI) is the multiplication and proliferation of bacteria in the urinary tract. It can occur in any part of the tract like urethra(urethritis), bladder (cystitis), prostate (in males) (prostatitis) and even spread to the kidneys (pyelonephritis). UTIs are one of the most common infectious disease world-wide in community as well […]

Introduction As you may already know, the heart is one of the most important organs in the body. It helps supply and circulate blood to all parts of the body and is central to human survival. Just like how sometimes we get a throat infection or a stomach bug, did you know that the heart […]

Introduction When we run, see a puppy wiggle its tail towards us, get a heartfelt compliment or even see a gift-wrapped box addressed to us, we can feel our chest thumping loudly. This is our heart beating tirelessly to keep us alive. The heart is a hard-working vital organ that works at pumping blood that […]

Introduction Patent Ductus Arteriosus is a condition where the communication between the two main blood vessels leading from the heart does not close after birth. The ductus arteriosus, or the opening, is the normal part of a child’s circulatory system when the child is inside the womb, which closes right after birth. But if it […]

Introduction The blood inside our body is free-flowing. It travels through our blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to every corner of our body. Apart from this, cells in the blood actively work to protect you from physical harm as well, by forming blood clots when needed. These clots can […]