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Orthopaedics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments and tendons. It deals with problems such as broken bones, arthritis, sports injuries, joint pain, and conditions present from birth. Orthopaedic doctors use medicines, physiotherapy, other non-surgical treatments and surgery to manage pain, improve movement and help people stay active. 

An orthopaedic surgeon is a licensed medical doctor trained to diagnose and manage musculoskeletal conditions, including fractures, joint disorders, and injuries, and to perform surgery when indicated.

The scope of an orthopaedic surgeon’s work includes: 

• Trauma Care: Realignment and surgical fixation of fractured or shattered bones using plates, screws, and nails.
• Joint Reconstruction: Performing total hip, knee, and shoulder replacements for patients with advanced joint disease when surgery is appropriate. 
• Sports Medicine: Repairing soft tissue injuries like ACL tears, meniscus damage, and rotator cuff ruptures using arthroscopic or other appropriate surgical techniques. 
• Spine Management: Treating structural issues such as herniated discs, scoliosis, and spinal canal narrowing.
• Paediatric Orthopaedics: Correcting congenital issues such as clubfoot or limb length discrepancies in growing children.
• Non-Surgical Intervention: Administering joint injections, prescribing specialised bracing, and designing rehabilitation protocols to avoid surgery.

You should book a consultation if you experience:

• Persistent Joint Pain: Aching or sharp pain in the knees, hips, or shoulders that does not resolve with rest.
• Limited Range of Motion: Inability to fully straighten your arm or a "locking" sensation in your knee.
• Chronic Back or Neck Pain: Discomfort that radiates down the legs (sciatica) or causes numbness in the hands.
• Instability: A feeling that your ankle or knee is "giving way" during normal walking.
• Post-Injury Deformity: Any visible misalignment of a limb following a fall or sports accident.
• Morning Stiffness: Persistent or significant stiffness in the joints, particularly if it affects daily activities. 

• Sciatica: Pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve, from the lower back through the hips and down each leg, usually caused by a herniated disc.
• Sprained Ankle: An injury that occurs when you roll or twist your ankle in an awkward way, stretching or tearing the tough bands of tissue (ligaments).
• Dislocated Shoulder: An injury in which your upper arm bone pops out of the cup-shaped socket that's part of your shoulder blade.
• Osteoarthritis: The most common form of arthritis, occurring when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones breaks down over time.
• Bursitis: Painful inflammation of the small, fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the bones, tendons, and muscles near your joints.
• Spinal Stenosis: A narrowing of the spaces within your spine, which can put pressure on the nerves that travel through the spine.
• Knee Pain: A versatile complaint that can result from a sudden injury, an overuse injury, or an underlying condition like arthritis.
• Gout: A complex form of arthritis characterised by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, and redness in the joints, often the big toe.
• Lower Back Pain: One of the most common medical complaints globally, ranging from muscle strains to structural spinal issues.
• Joint Pain: Discomfort, pain, or inflammation arising from any part of a joint—including cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, or muscles.

• Relieving Back Pain: Maintain good posture and a comfortable sitting position. Regular physical activity and appropriate strengthening exercises may help manage ongoing lower back pain.
• Arthritis Management: Stay active with low-impact exercises such as swimming or cycling. Regular movement can help maintain joint mobility and function.
• Protecting Tendons and Ligaments: Warm up before exercise, increase intensity gradually, and use proper exercise techniques to help reduce the risk of injury.
• Optimising Bone Health: Get enough calcium and vitamin D through your diet, with supplements when recommended. Weight-bearing activities such as walking can help maintain bone health as you age.
• Ankle Pain Prevention: Wear comfortable, well-fitting footwear suitable for your activity and replace shoes when they become excessively worn.
• Wrist Pain (Carpal Tunnel): Take frequent short breaks if you type for long periods. Keep your wrists in a comfortable, neutral position and avoid prolonged pressure on them.
• Joint Pain Care: After a recent joint injury, relative rest, ice for comfort, compression, and elevation may help reduce swelling and discomfort.
• ACL Tear Awareness: If you hear a “pop” in your knee followed by rapid swelling, seek medical evaluation, especially if you have difficulty bearing weight or your knee feels unstable. Further assessment may include imaging when appropriate.