Mandukaparni, scientifically known as Centella asiatica, is a medicinal herb. It is also known as Jalbramhi or Indian pennywort. Mandukaprni has been used as Ayurvedic medicine in India for thousands of years, and it is mentioned in the historic Indian medical text called ‘Sushruta Samhita’. This plant is found throughout India. It is grown in tropical and subtropical countries like Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, South Africa, Madagascar, South Pacific, and Eastern Europe.1 In addition to the Ayurvedic system of medicine, mandukaparni has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine.2
Mandukaparni contains proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fibres, fats, vitamins A, B, and C; minerals include iron, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, calcium, and magnesium. Mandukaparni also contains phytoconstituents like flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, carotenoids, triterpenoids, and volatile oils.3
Mandukaparni has a wide range of properties like:
Also Read: Saraswatarishta: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Potential uses of mandukaparni against many health conditions are given below.
Several preclinical (animal) studies have demonstrated the wound healing benefits of mandukaparni. It may help in wound healing by promoting skin thickening, cell growth, and tissue regeneration. In addition, Mandukaparni might strengthen newly formed skin, reduce inflammation, and provide antioxidant properties. Antioxidants play an essential role in the wound healing process.1 However, you must consult a healthcare provider if you encounter any wounds. Avoid using any herbs and remedies without a doctor’s consultation.
According to animal studies, mandukaparni was found to show antidepressant properties. Certain compounds called triterpenes present in mandukaparni may be responsible for this activity. Mandukaparni could also increase dopamine levels (neurotransmitters) in the brain. An increase in the levels of dopamine might help deal with depression.1 If you are suffering from any brain condition, you must talk to your healthcare provider. Do not take any for the brain without consulting with your doctor first.
Animal studies of mandukaparni could show a reduction in seizures and improvement in learning deficits caused by seizures. The findings also suggested that mandukaparni might be an adjuvant to anti-seizure drugs, with the benefit of preventing cognitive impairment (trouble in learning, remembering, and concentrating). Leaf extract of mandukaparni has also been shown to have anticonvulsive properties.1 The benefits of mandukaparni against seizures have been observed in animal studies.
Mandukaparni may have some benefits in improving concentration, increasing attention span, and reducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress causes Alzheimer’s, and cognitive impairment is caused by free radical generation. Mandukaparni effectively prevented cognitive deficits and oxidative stress during an animal trial. In addition, it may show the potential to boost antioxidant enzymes and protect neurons (nerve cells) from oxidative damage.Therefore, mandukaparni might be used for the management of Alzheimer’s disease.1However, it should not be used as an alternative to medicinal treatment.
More studies are required to support the use of mandukaparni in humans. You must, adhere to the doctor’s advice and treatment for conditions related to brain.
In a lab study, mandukaparni extract effectively prevented alcohol-induced stomach lesions. It could strengthen the stomach mucosal barrier and reduce the damage caused by free radicals. Mandukaparni could also promote stomach ulcer wound healing through its anti-inflammatory properties. The effectiveness of mandukaparni in wound healing has also been proved by clinical studies (human trials).1Therefore, it may be used in managing stomach lesions. However, you need to consult your healthcare provider if you have any stomach problems. Self-medicating with herbs may worsen the condition.
In animal studies, it was shown that mandukaparni extract could provide significant relief from pain and inflammation. It is also revealed that oral administration of mandukaparni could reduce the severity of arthritis. Mandukaparni also prevented joint destruction. In preclinical studies, mandukaparni successfully prevented the onset of arthritis and provided relief from its symptoms.1
Mandukaparni may help manage heart diseases. The main components that might be responsible for these benefits are Asiaticoside and Asiatic acid. Several animal studies have shown that mandukaparni may effectively improve heart conditions like hypertension, atherosclerosis (a thickening of the blood vessel walls caused due to fat deposition), and cardiac ischaemia (deficient blood supply to the heart muscle).4 However, heart diseases are severe health conditions. Therefore, you must strictly adhere to the doctor’s advice and treatment.
According to several lab studies, mandukaparni showed promising results in reducing high blood pressure. This effect of mandukaparni on hypertension may be due to the antihypertensive properties of Asiatic acid.4 However, you are advised not to use mandukaparni as an alternative to medicinal treatment. If you are suffering from high blood pressure, consult your healthcare provider before using herbs for your symptoms.
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of mandukaparni may be beneficial in various skin conditions like acne, baldness, and atopic dermatitis (skin itching and inflammation). Because of its anti-inflammatory property, it may reduce the inflammation associated with skin conditions. It may also lower oxidative stress through its antioxidant activity.4 If you are suffering from any skin conditions, you need to reach out to a skin doctor and get proper treatment. Avoid using any herbs for your skin without consulting with a doctor first.
Though there are studies showing the benefits of manukaparni in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of mandukaparni on human health.
I want to highlight that the water-based extract of Mandukaparni may have shown beneficial effects in rats. It may help alleviate intestinal spasms caused by barium chloride, reduce spontaneous contractions of the muscles of the intestine, and relax the muscles of the isolated ileum. However, more studies on humans are needed to verify its impact.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Also Read: Munakka: Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions
Various preparations of mandukaparni are available in the market.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking mandukaparni or any herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Did you know that Mandukaparni is not only great for healing wounds but may also have been recommended for managing various conditions like leprosy, lupus, and varicose ulcers? Yes, from what I have seen, people have found it helpful in managing these problems and often use it as a natural remedy.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
In recommended doses, mandukaparni has no known side effects.
Also, before using mandukaparni for any health benefits, make sure you have consulted your doctor about the possible side effects associated with its use. Then, it will help you make well-informed choices.
An interesting traditional use of Mandukaparni that I’ve come across is its positive effect in dealing with amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) and diseases related to the female genitourinary tract. It seems to have been valued for its potential benefits in addressing these specific health concerns.
Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Also Read: Anantamul: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
You need to take the following precautions while using mandukaparni.
If you want to use mandukaparni for any disease conditions, you need to talk to your healthcare provider about the possible precautions associated with mandukaparni. It will help you avoid any unwanted health effects.
Also Read: Minoxidil for Hair Growth: A Research-Based Guide to Results and Usage
There are no reported interactions between mandukaparni and other drugs. Because of the varied medicinal activities of mandukaparni, care should be taken when taking it with:
Because high doses of mandukaparni can cause sleep, one should avoid taking this herb with medications that reduce anxiety or promote sleep.
Because mandukaparni has been shown to affect blood glucose levels, it may interact with antidiabetic medications.1
If you are taking medicines for any health conditions, consult your healthcare provider about the possible interactions of your medicines with other herbs and drugs. Doing so will help you avoid unwanted herb-drug interactions.
Also Read: Chitrak: Uses, Benefits, Nutritional Value & More!
Mandukaparni is a herb with numerous medicinal properties that may help manage various health problems. Centella asiatica is the scientific name of this herb.1
Mandukaparni is also known as Gotu kola, Asiatic pennywort, Indian pennywort,
Indian water navelwort, wild violet, Jalbrahmi, and tiger herb.1,2
Mandukaparni may be helpful for vital organs in our body, including the heart, brain, and liver.4 It may also be effective in managing gastric ulcers, arthritis, and wounds.1,4 However, you are advised to consult your healthcare provider before using mandukaparni for these conditions.
Mandukaparni might be beneficial to people who have arthritis. In animal studies, it was found to provide significant relief from pain and inflammation and also reduce the severity of arthritis. Mandukaparni may also be effective in preventing joint destruction.1 Because of these properties, mandukaparni might be helpful in arthritis. Still, it should not be used in place of conventional treatment. Consult your doctor before starting any new therapy for arthritis.
Also Read: Punarnava: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
1. Gohil KJ, Patel JA, Gajjar AK. Pharmacological Review on Centella asiatica: A Potential Herbal Cure-all. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 2010 Sep [cited 2022 Apr 15];72(5):546. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116297/
2. Orhan IE. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: From traditional medicine to modern medicine with neuroprotective potential. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2012 Oct;2012. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22666298/
3. Chandrika UG, Kumara PA. Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica): nutritional Properties and plausible health Benefits. Advances in food and nutrition research [Internet]. 2015 Jan [cited 2022 Apr 15]; 76:125–57. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26602573/
4. Sun B, Wu L, Wu Y, Zhang C, Qin L, Hayashi M, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Centella asiatica and its triterpenes: A review. Frontiers in Pharmacology [Internet]. 2020 Sep [cited 2022 Apr 17];11. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.568032/full
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Babool, also called Acacia arabica, belongs to the family Leguminosae. Babool is a spiny, medium-sized, perennial tree commonly found throughout India.1 The bark of the tree is known as Babur or Babul in Hindi. Today, it is widely known as Gum Arabic as it was imported in large quantities in Arab.2
In India, babool is very commonly found in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, and other dry regions of the country. Also, the thorny babool tree is seen in the neighbouring Asian countries of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Burma. It is native to North Africa and commonly seen in Egypt. It is more common in the western states of the peninsula.2
The vernacular names of babool are Babura, Kikar, Babula in Hindi; Kaloabaval, Baval in Gujarati; Babala, Babula in Oriya; Babhula, Babhul in Marathi; Babla in Bengali; Babala in Assamese; Indian gum Arabic tree, babula tree in English; Kari Jail, Kari gobli, Sharmeeruka, Pulai Jali in Kannada; Kikkar in Punjabi; Sak in Kashmiri; Thumma, Nallatumma in Telugu; Karuvel, Karuvelan in Tamil; Velutha Karuvelan in Malayalam; Bavari, Kinkirata in Sanskrit.1
Did you know?
The seeds of babool contain rich amounts of fibre and proteins. Its pods contain more fibre and have a lesser amount of protein as compared to the leaves.3
There are many nutritional benefits of babool, including tannin, alkaloids, a polyphenolic compound, terpenoids, glycosides, and saponins.2
The properties of babool include:
Recent studies suggest that the bark of Babool might be used as a natural dye for clothes. It is believed to bind dyes to the fabrics. This is fantastic news for those who love and enjoy wearing natural fabrics.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Babool might have some potential uses in various conditions. However, more studies are required. Some potential uses of babool are described as follows:
In a study, conducted by Crowch and Okello 2009 stated that babool had inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, may be helpful in managing Alzheimer’s disease.2 However, human studies are required to confirm its effectiveness on Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, it is essential first to consult a doctor and only use babool as a herb for Alzheimer’s.
The water extract and ethyl acetate extract of babool was evaluated for antimalarial activity in an animal model by Malviya et al. 2011, and both exhibited antimalarial activity. The extract of babool was found to have the highest anti-malarial activity against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.4 However, these studies are done on animals and not on humans. Therefore, we require more information on its safe usage on humans.
Also Read: 10 Simple Home Remedies For Malaria
Babool may have shown anti-ulcer potential when tested on different animal models. The phenolic compounds present in babool might be responsible for the antiulcer activity.2 In another study by Agunua et al. 2005, babool was tested for anti-diarrhoeal activity in animals. Initially, babool showed a relaxation effect followed by a contraction effect in the jejunum (middle part of the small intestine) of the animals. It also showed a 100% reduction from diarrhoeal infection in another animal model.5 Therefore, it might indicate that babool may be beneficial for managing symptoms of diarrhoea.
However, this research is insufficient as these studies are not done on humans. Hence, more studies on humans are required to suggest the potential use of babool for digestion. Therefore, it is essential to first speak with your doctors and only use babool as a medicine.
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Studies have seen the blood glucose lowering activity of babool extract, in an animal model studied by Kharya et al. 2010. The results showed that the babool extract might have a blood glucose lowering effect. It exhibited a reduction in blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol.2 This means it may help lower the risk of heart diseases as well. Diabetes is a major health condition and requires appropriate diagnosis and treatment from a professional doctor. Therefore, human trials of babool are necessary to provide its potential usage for managing blood sugar levels in humans.
The antihypertensive activity of babool was tested in an animal model and humans (Gilani et al. 1999). The extract of babool was found to lower the arterial blood pressure and give antihypertensive activity.2 In human studies conducted by Omaima et al. 2016, a drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in participants with type 2 diabetes. This suggests that babool may be a potentially useful agent to lower blood pressure, especially in persons with diabetes.5 However, these studies are insufficient and more new studies are required. Therefore, people should take advice from a doctor to stay updated about the latest benefits related to any herb.
A study by Kalaivani and Mathew. 2010 reported that babool is a highly accessible source of natural antioxidants. It may be used in inflammation, cancer, and diabetes. The high antioxidant property of babool might be due to the phenolic compounds present in it. These antioxidants may fight the free radicals that are produced in the body.2 However, this information is insufficient and requires extensive research to support this claim.
The gum, flower, and leaf extract of babool were evaluated for anticancer activity in an animal model by Meena et al. 2006. Babool was found to affect tumour growth and showed a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells obtained from a human. In an animal study, the use of babool was found to reduce tumour development.4 However, cancer is a serious health condition that might require proper treatment and diagnosis. So, it is better first to have a consultation with a doctor. And more research is required to develop an accurate scope of babool for cancer-related problems in humans.
Babool was investigated for its weight management activity in a human study by Omaima et al. 2016.
A highly significant decrease in BMI (body mass index) was seen in prediabetic and diabetic groups, implying that babool might benefit weight management.5 However, this study is insufficient; we require more human studies to provide the true extent of babool for weight management in humans.
A study conducted by Banso et al. 2009 was done to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of babool. The study showed that the bark extract might have antimicrobial activity against bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, and Bacillus subtillis. This study suggested that babool extract might be a potential antimicrobial agent. In another study by Kalaivani et al. 2010, babool showed the highest activity against 2 fungi strains (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) and 3 bacterial strains (Salmonella typhi, S. aureus, and E. coli). Babool may also be known for its antiviral activity against the virus Hepatitis C in infected liver cells.2 However, this information is insufficient because these studies are not done on humans and require more studies to be done on humans to support the use of babool for managing infections in humans.
In a study by Eline et al. 2004, the extract of babool was found to enhance the production of milk in rats and was shown to increase the production by 59% in an hour.5 However, human studies are required to confirm its activity on humans to stimulate higher milk production in nursing mothers. Therefore, lactating mothers need to be aware of the safe usage of babool during these times. And also, a doctor’s consultation is essential.
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Prolapse means a displacement of an organ from its normal position. The decoction of babool bark may be used in rectal prolapse. The decoction of root bark may be used for stomach pain. The leave decoction is used in the form of nutool (a method of pouring the solution from a height over the specific part) in prolapse.4 However, its effectiveness on humans requires more testing. However, more studies on humans are required to support the potential uses of babool for rectal prolapse. Therefore, a doctor’s advice is necessary.
The tender leaves of babool might be beneficial for treating mouth ulcers. It may be useful to clean the mouth, relieve pain, stop the bleeding of the gums, and might also help tighten the teeth.5 However, its effectiveness requires confirmation via human studies. Therefore, people should consult their doctors and only use them to overcome the above-mentioned issue.
Though there are studies showing the benefits of babool in various conditions, these are insufficient. And there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of babool on human health. Furthermore, every person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using babool for any medical condition.
Spice up your life with your partner using Babool! Other than medicinal uses, Babool might be used as an aphrodisiac to enhance sexual life.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: Triphala Guggulu: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Babool can be used as:
One should always take the advice of an Ayurvedic physician before having babool. In addition, we recommend you do not replace or discontinue your ongoing medications with any ayurvedic or herbal preparations without seeking the medical advice of a qualified doctor. They will guide you with the best form and dosage in which the herb can be used per your health condition.
Did you know Babool might act as an expectorant as well? Researchers suggest that Babool might have the property to expel cough from the airways that might help to relieve the congestion.
Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Regular consumption of babool might have some side effects associated with stomach.
Having babool in moderation might be safe. However, one must follow general precautions.
A review report (Ulbricht et al. 2008) suggested that babool was found to interact with amoxicillin (antibacterial medicine). It might affect the absorption of amoxicillin.6. Therefore, avoid babool when you are taking amoxicillin.
Thus, if you are taking antibacterial/antibiotic medicine, you must consult an Ayurvedic physician before consuming babool products. They will direct you to the better way to have it.
Also Read: Amritarishta: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Babool in English is called an Indian gum Arabic tree.1
Babool can be used as powder or decoction.1 Small bark, juice of babool leaves, and tender leaves can be used. The powder form of flower, leaves, bark, pod, and wood may be used for leucorrhoea. Chewing babool bark and a decoction of the bark may be useful in cough. The paste or juice of babool leaves may be applied to lower the swelling and redness of the eye.4 However, babool should not be used as self-medication. It is essential to take the doctor’s advice; they will recommend you the best form and dosage based on your health condition.
Babool is considered safe but has a few side effects. It might cause constipation and maybe harmful to the rectum, intestine, and chest.5 Therefore, before using babool, please consult with your doctors.
The small branches of babool may be beneficial for strengthening the teeth as they are used for brushing the teeth.4 This fact is insufficient and requires a doctor’s advice to back this claim.
There is not much data on its usage during pregnancy. Therefore, be on the safer side and avoid babool during pregnancy or consult your doctor before taking babool during pregnancy.
Babool was found to be beneficial for diabetes in various animal models.2 However, its study in humans is not reported. Therefore, more studies on humans are required. Diabetes is a severe health problem that must be accurately diagnosed and treated by a qualified doctor.
Chewing of bark and decoction of babool might be helpful in relieving cough.4 But we require more information to suggest the usage of babool for managing cough. People should not use it to self-medicate on their own prior to consulting a doctor.
The tender leaves of babool might be helpful for mouth ulcers. It might also be used to clean the mouth, relieve pain, tighten the teeth, and reduce gum bleeding.4 However, this information is insufficient to say the potential benefit of babool for mouth ulcers. You can consult a doctor before using it.
There is not much data on its safe usage during breastfeeding. Therefore, avoid babool during breastfeeding or consult your doctor before taking babool.
Babool was found to be beneficial for malaria in an animal model.4 However, its effect on humans is still not studied. Therefore, more human trials are required to suggest the potential uses of babool in managing malarial infection.
Babool was found to interact with amoxicillin, as suggested in the review report (Ulbricht et al. 2008). Therefore, avoid babool if you are taking amoxicillin.6 However, if any harmful effect is observed, please get in touch with your doctors.
Babool was found to have anti-ulcer properties when tested in an animal model (Bansal et al. 2012).2 However, its study in humans is still not reported. Therefore, we require more studies on humans to confirm the beneficial effect of babool for ulcers.
A human study (Omaima et al. 2016) found babool to lower the BMI (body mass index) of prediabetic and diabetic patients. Therefore, it might be helpful to lose weight.5 However, this information is insufficient and requires more studies to back this claim. We recommend you should consult a doctor before using babool for weight management.
Also Read: Vidangarishta: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
1. Health MOF, Welfare F. THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA Part-I [Internet]. 21–22 p. Available from: http://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-1.pdf
2. Zaman R, Shamsi S, Zaman R, Itrat M. Bark of Acacia Arabica -A Nature’s Gift: An Overview. Int Res J Med Sci [Internet]. 2014;2(5):20–4. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332858395_Bark_of_Acacia_Arabica_-A_Nature’s_Gift_An_Overview
3. Heuze V, Tran G, Eugene M, Bastianelli D, Lebas F. Babul (Acacia nilotica) [Internet]. Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. 2016. Available from: https://www.feedipedia.org/node/346
4. Roqaiya M, Begum W, Jahufer R. Acacia arabica (Babool) – A Review on Ethnobotanical and Unani Traditional Uses as well as Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties. J Pharm Phytopharm Res [Internet]. 2015;4(6):315–21. Available from: https://eijppr.com/storage/models/article/iKzp3TU9UBM4Qft8Zv8j96YD0xaT6F3YuIxKPFaFGtd0xjAn9q3ZVGl7nExU/acacia-arabica-babool-a-review-on-ethnobotanical-and-unani-traditional-uses-as-well-as-phytochemic.pdf
5. Alam S, Anjum N, Akhtar J, Bashir F, Parveen S, Delhi N, et al. PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON AQAQIA – Acacia arabica ( Lam .) Willd . 2018;6(1):3–6. Available at: https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT1892006.pdf
6. Ulbricht C, Chao W, Costa D, Rusie-Seamon E, Weissner W, Woods J. Clinical Evidence of Herb-Drug Interactions: A Systematic Review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Curr Drug Metab [Internet]. 2008 Dec 1;9(10):1063–120. Available from: http://www.eurekaselect.com/openurl/content.php?genre=article&issn=1389-2002&volume=9&issue=10&spage=1063
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Patha, also called Cissampelos pareira, belongs to the family Menispermaceae. It is a long-lasting climber known as Laghu Patha or Ambastha in Indian traditional medicine and ‘Parreira’ in South America. It is widely distributed in East Africa, Asia, America, West Indies, Australia, Mauritius, Comoros, Madagascar, and Seychelles. In India, it is distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions like Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu.1
The vernacular names of patha are Padh, Patha, Akanadi in Hindi; Venivel, Kalipath, Karedhium, Karondhium, Karodium in Gujarati; Velvetleaf in English; Patha, Akanadi in Bengali; Tuprilata in Assamese; Ambashtaki in Sanskrit; Chiru boddi, Boddi tiga, Adivibankatiga in Telegu; Vatta tiruppi in Tamil; Patha in Punjabi; Patha, Kanabindhi in Oriya; Padali, Pashadvel, Paharrel, Pahadavel in Marathi; Pad in Kashmiri; Patha in Malayalam; Agalushunthi, Pahadavela in Kannada.2
Patha contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroid tri-terpenoids, and some essential oils.3
The beneficial properties of patha include:
Patha or Cissampelos pareira exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Because of these properties, it might be useful in various health conditions like diarrhoea, ulcers and urinary tract infections.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
In Pakistan Ijaz et al., 2018 studied, the leaves of patha have been traditionally used as an antidiabetic agent. In Mexico, the root bark is traditionally used as an antidiabetic agent. The patha extract was tested for antidiabetic effect in an animal model and was found to lower blood glucose levels was studied by Piero et al., 2015. Therefore, the patha extract might be beneficial for diabetes.1
However, these studies are done on animals and not on humans. Diabetes is a serious health condition and needs appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Please consult a doctor and do not use patha to self-medicate on your own.
Patha was tested for its anti-dengue activity in animals by Sood et al., 2015. It was found to inhibit all dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4). The extract was also found to help the animals from dengue virus infection.1 However, human studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of patha against dengue in humans. Therefore, prior consultation with a doctor is essential to avoid health-related complications.
When the root extract of patha was tested in an animal model, it showed heart health benefitting activity. The researchers Singh et al., 2013 propose that the heart healthbenefitting effect might be due to the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids.1 However, its study in humans is not yet tested. Therefore, before using patha, people should consult with a doctor and only use patha if prescribed.
In ancient Sanskrit literature, including Charak Samitha, it is mentioned that patha is very effective against the infections caused by parasitic worms. According to a study conducted by Ramırez Ì et al., 2003, the extract of patha was found to be effective against parasites like Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi.1 This information is insufficient and requires more studies to see the effectiveness of patha in controlling parasitic infections in humans.
The patha extract showed a remarkable liver benefiting effect when tested in an animal model by Surendran et al., 2011. It enhanced the antioxidant level and triglyceride level and, at the same time, lowered the cholesterol level that might be beneficial for the liver.1 However, it is yet not tested in humans for liver benefiting activity.1 Therefore, more trials on humans are necessary to produce the potential use of patha for liver health.
The patha extract may have a beneficial effect on stomach health and benefit against acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) ulcers in animals. This beneficial activity of patha might be due to the presence of antioxidants and mucopolysaccharides.1 However, this information is not enough to suggest the benefits of patha for stomach health; hence, more studies on humans are required to back this claim.
The extract of patha was tested for antivenom activity against the Bothrops asper venom (snake venom). In animal and lab tests by Badilla-Baltodano et al., 2008, the extract controlled the haemorrhage (bleeding). The presence of several glycosides in patha might be the reason for its antivenom activity.1 These studies are insufficient and require more studies to support the potential uses of patha for snake bites in humans. Moreover snake bites can be dangerous and you should see a doctor in emergency if you suffer with a snake bits.
Antioxidants might reduce the free radical generation and help the cell from damages caused by free radicals. Free radicals might lead to the progression of several conditions like inflammation, liver damage, cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, neurological diseases, and ageing. To help ourselves from such damage, we should take antioxidants in our daily food and supplements. Various laboratory studies have demonstrated the antioxidant property of patha. It is believed that the antioxidant activity might be due to the presence of polyphenols and alkaloids. Therefore, patha might help against the mentioned diseases.1
Though there are studies that show the benefits of patha in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of patha on human health.
Also Read: Kokum: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Cissampelos pareira or Patha might contribute to wound healing as it has properties like antiulcer and anti-inflammatory. Due to the presence of phytomolecules like flavonoids, it might be useful in tackling ulcers.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Patha can be used as:
People must consult an Ayurvedic doctor before taking herbal supplements made from patha. Likewise, do not replace or discontinue your ongoing medications with ayurvedic or herbal preparations without consulting a qualified physician.
Any herbal supplement, when taken in moderation, is considered safe. However, one must follow general precautions.
There is not much data available on the interaction of patha with other drugs. However, one should not assume that there are no interactions at all. Therefore, it is essential to follow the advice of an Ayurvedic physician. They will prescribe you the correct way to have it.
Avoid patha during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, as there is no sufficient information available on its safe usage during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Therefore, stay on the safer side and avoid taking patha.
There is not much information available on the side effects of patha. However, it is advisable that you consult your doctor before taking patha.
Patha can be used in the form of crushed roots, leaf juice, hot liquid, tablets, powder, root decoction, root paste, and root juice.1 However, people should take consultations with a qualified doctor. They will tell you the form and dosage to have patha as a herb according to your health condition.
The root extract of patha was found to exhibit a beneficial effect on heart health -in an animal model study. Therefore, it might be beneficial to the heart.1 However, there is no study of patha on humans. Hence, more studies on humans are required to support the use of patha for heart health.
The patha extract was found to have an antidiabetic effect in an animal model. Therefore, it might help manage blood sugar levels. Also, in Mexico, the root bark is traditionally used as an antidiabetic agent. In Pakistan, the leaves of patha have been traditionally used for their antidiabetic activity.1 However, this information is insufficient and requires more latest human trials to suggest its suitability for human use. Hence, diabetes is a serious health condition; one should always need to consult a doctor and take proper treatment.
The extract of patha may have antivenom activity against the Bothrops asper venom (snake venom). Also, traditionally, the infusion or decoction of roots and leaves has been used to deal with snakebites.1 However, its study in humans has not been reported yet. Snake bites can be deadly so always reach out to a doctor in emergency in case of snakebites only use patha if prescribed.
Also Read: Tagar: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
1. Kumari S, Anmol, Bhatt V, Suresh PS, Sharma U. Cissampelos pareira L.: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2021;274(August 2020):113850. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113850
2. Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoepathy. The Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India part-I volume-I. Government of India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Deparatment of Ayush. Available at: http://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-1.pdf
3. Wimpy K, Sk Y, Kumkum M, Manoj G. Phytochemical and pharmacological review on Cissampelospareira. Indian J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014;3(4):152–4. Available at: https://www.ijpp.org.in/article-details/3217
4. Singh S, K N. Review on Cissampelos Pareira and Cyclea Peltata (Patha Dwaya) – Phyto-Pharmacological Perspectives. Int J Ayurvedic Med. 2013;4(4). Available at: https://ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/288
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Paneer dodi, also called Withania coagulans, is a small bushy shrub and belongs to the family Solanaceae. It is commonly known as ‘paneer dodi’ or ‘Indian cheese maker’ because the fruits of this plant have milk coagulating properties, and therefore, it is called paneer dodi. Traditionally, different parts of the plant, mainly the fruit, was used as a magic healer for health conditions.1
Paneer dodi is found in the eastern Mediterranean region and spreads to Southern Asia. It is most commonly found in drier areas of Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Gujarat in India. In folk (traditional) medicine, various parts of this plant, mainly fruits, are considered magic healers.1
The local/regional names of paneer dodi are Panir, Khamjaria, Khamjira in Punjab; Asvagandha in Bengal; Kaknaj in Bombay; Asgandha in Gwalior; Punirband, Punirjafota in Sindhi; Panneru-gadda in Telugu; Hab kaknaj in Urdu; Punirbad, Kaknajehindi in Persian; Kaknajehindi, Javzulmizaja in Arabic; and Asvagandhi in Canares.2
Some of the conditions in which may have potential uses such as long-term liver diseases, dyspepsia (indigestion), flatulent colic (severe stomach pain), asthma, intestinal infections, biliousness (a condition that refers to poor digestion, constipation, and excess passing of gas), and strangury (a slow and painful spasmodic discharge of urine drop by drop).2
Did you know?
The plant is rich in carbohydrates, free amino acids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, esterase, phenolic compounds, organic acids, essential oil, fatty oil, and free sugar.1,2
Therapeutic properties of paneer dodi include:
I recently read an article suggesting Paneer dodi has Withanolides, which have been shown to have anticancer activity, and flavonoids, which may have antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. This property may help with cancer.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
The flowers and fruits of paneer dodi are often used in folk medicine to manage diabetes.5 In an animal model with type 2 diabetes, paneer dodi was discovered to improve signs and symptoms while achieving normal blood glucose levels during the trial.2 Therefore, you may use paneer dodi for managing blood glucose levels. However, you need to talk to your doctor before using paneer dodi or other herbs to manage your symptoms. Also, avoid using herbal supplements as an alternative to modern medicine.
Fruit extract of paneer dodi has been shown to exert liver-protective effects during laboratory trials. The protective effect of paneer dodi was determined by measuring the blood enzyme levels during the study.4 if you are suffering from any liver condition, you need to consult with a doctor first before using paneer dodi for your liver. Using a herbal supplement without consulting your doctor may worsen the situation.
Fruit extract of paneer dodi was studied in an animal model for its diuretic effect. The results showed an increase in the urine volume, and electrolytes excretion, indicating that the fruit extract has a diuretic effect.3 However, avoid using paneer dodi for its health effects without consulting your doctor. A doctor can give you a proper diagnosis and treatment.
In an animal study, the fruit extract of paneer dodi was applied to the wound of an animal. In this study, the extract increased the rate of wound healing (wound contraction). This indicates that paneer dodi has wound healing properties.3 If you are suffering from wounds, do not use paneer dodi without consulting your healthcare provider. Likewise, the wound might get infected if you use herbs without consulting your doctor.
Fruit extract of paneer dodi was evaluated in a study for its antibacterial activity. It was found to show antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholera and Staphylococcus aureus. It also showed anti-helminthic activity. Furthermore, the entire plant extract exhibited antifungal activity against several potentially pathogenic fungi.3 These properties have been observed in lab trials. However, more research is needed to consolidate the use of paneer dodi on humans. Therefore, you are advised not to use paneer dodi for any infection without consulting a healthcare provider first.
Also Read: Kokum: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects And More!
The twigs may be chewed to clean teeth, while the plant’s smoke may be inhaled to relieve toothaches.3 The seeds may be helpful in lumbago (muscle and joint pain in the lower back), eye inflammation, and piles. The fruits might be used for asthma, strangury, and biliousness and can be applied to wounds. In addition, the ripe fruits might possess sedative (induces sleep) or pain-killing properties.2 however, if you are suffering from any of these health conditions, you need to reach out to a doctor or healthcare provider and get treated properly. Using any herbal remedy without consulting a doctor might worsen the situation.
Though some studies show the benefits of paneer dodi in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of paneer dodi on human health.
In my experience, Paneer dodi may help in relieving menstrual problems. Research says, due to its anti-inflammatory properties, Paneer dodi stimulates the normal period flow and hence may relieve any problems associated with periods.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Paneer dodi is used in the form of:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking paneer dodi or herbal supplements. Further, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
There are no side effects reported for paneer dodi. However, you should consult your doctor before taking panner dodi.1
Also, avoid using paneer dodi or any other herbal supplement without consulting your doctor first. It will help you avoid any unwanted side effects
There is no sufficient information regarding the safe use of paneer dodi during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. So, please consult your doctor regarding its usage during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
There is no sufficient data regarding its safety in children and the elderly. Therefore, consult your doctor before taking paneer dodi.
Also, you must talk to your healthcare provider before using any herb against disease conditions. They will be able to guide you better about the possible precautions of that herb.
No scientific data is available on the interaction of paneer dodi with other drugs.
However, if you are taking medication for any diseases, make sure you talk to your healthcare provider about the possible interactions of the medicine with herbs and other drugs. Also, avoid using paneer dodi as medicine without consulting a doctor first.
Also Read: Peepal Tree: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and more!
You should talk to your doctor about the dosage and how long you can eat paneer dodi. Do not use any herbs or supplements without consulting your doctor first.
In some studies, the berries have shown blood purifying properties.2 However, more studies are required to justify its use in humans. You are advised not to use paneer dodi or any other herb for its health benefits without consulting your doctor.
You must consult your doctor before taking paneer dodi during pregnancy. Do not take any herb or supplement without consulting your doctor when you are pregnant.
Paneer dodi can be used in the form of powder. Its twigs, leaves, and seeds can also be used. The fruit and flower can be used as a whole2,3,5 However, consult with a doctor first as they will be able to guide you about the dosage and limitations of paneer dodi.
Paneer dodi was found to have wound-healing qualities, according to animal research.3 However, its study on humans for wound healing activity is yet to be documented. Therefore, you are advised not to use paneer dodi before consulting your healthcare provider.
The flowers and fruits of paneer dodi are commonly used to manage diabetes in folk medicine.5 In an animal study, paneer dodi was tested for its activity on diabetes and was found beneficial for type 2 diabetes.2 However, the study in humans is not yet reported. Therefore, if you have diabetes, do not use paneer dodi or any supplement without consulting your doctor.
No, there are no side effects reported for paneer dodi.1 But you must consult your doctor before taking panner dodi.
The leaves and fruits of paneer dodi have a unique curdling of milk coagulating property. A small piece is rubbed with a bit of milk or water and is added to the milk for curdling.2
An animal study found that the fruit extract of this plant possesses liver-protective properties.4 However, its liver protective property is not yet reported in humans. If you are suffering from liver ailments, avoid using paneer dodi without a doctor’s consultation.
The wood of the plant is used to clean teeth. The smoke from the plant can be inhaled to relieve toothaches, and the twigs are chewed to clean teeth.2 If you suffer from teeth problems, make sure to see your dentist. Using herbal remedies without talking to your doctor can worsen the situation.
The seeds of paneer dodi aid in reducing the inflammation of piles.2 However, do not use paneer dodi without talking to your doctor first.
There is no sufficient data available on the interaction of paneer dodi with other medicines. However, you must consult your doctor if you are taking any medication.
Paneer dodi contains carbohydrates, free sugar, amino acids, essential oil, fatty oil, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and esterase.1,2
1. Pramanick DD, Srivastava SK. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Withania coagulans Dunal (Solanaceae) – an important ethnomedicinal plant. Biosci Discov [Internet]. 2015;6(1):6–13. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282857254_Pharmacognostic_evaluation_of_Withania_coagulans_Dunal_Solanaceae_-an_important_ethnomedicinal_plant
2. Gupta V, Keshari BB. Withania Coagulans Dunal. (Paneer Doda): a Review. Int J Ayurvedic Herb Med [Internet]. 2013;3(5):1330–6. Available from: http://www.interscience.org.uk
3. Bare NB, Jadhav PS. Pharmaceutical Importance of Withania Coagulans Pharmaceutical Properties. Int J Adv Sci Eng Technol [Internet]. 2017;5(3):104–7. Available from: http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/6-355-149631756841-44.pdf
4. Maurya R, Akansha, Jayendra. Chemistry and pharmacology of Withania coagulans : an Ayurvedic remedy. J Pharm Pharmacol [Internet]. 2010;62(2):153–60. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article/62/2/153/6135723?login=true
5. Tonge Madan B. Review of rushyagandha. Int Ayurvedic Med J [Internet]. 2015;3(4):9–11. Available from: http://www.iamj.in/posts/2015/images/upload/1157_1160.pdf
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
The peepal tree is considered the mythical ‘Tree of Life’ or ‘World Tree’ of the Indian subcontinent. The peepal tree, also called Ficus religiosa, belonging to the family Moraceae, is a variation of the fig tree known as the bodhi tree. The word ‘Ficus’ in Latin refers to ‘fig’, the fruit of the tree and the word ‘Religiosa’ refers to ‘religion’, as it is sacred in both Buddhism and Hinduism. Also, for this reason, it is named ‘Sacred fig’. It is a huge tree often planted near holy places and temples.1
The vernacular names of peepal trees are Pipal, Pipala in Hindi; Jari, Piplo, Pipalo, Piparo in Gujarati; Pimpal, Pipal, Pippal in Marathi; Ashud, Ashvattha, Asvattha in Bengali; Aswatha in Oriya; Ahant in Assamese; Pippal, Pipal in Punjabi; Ravichettu in Telugu; Arara, Arasu, Arasan, Ashwarthan, Arasamaram in Tamil; Ranji, Arlo, Basri, Ashwatha, Ashvatthanara, Aralegida, Aralimara, Basari, Ashvathamara, Ashvattha in Kannada; Arayal in Malayalam; Bad in Kashmiri.2
Traditionally, the leaf juice of the peepal tree may be helpful for cough, asthma, diarrhoea, ear pain, toothache, haematuria (blood in urine), migraine, scabies, eye troubles, and gastric problems. The stem bark of the peepal tree might help with paralysis, gonorrhoea, bone fractures, diarrhoea, and diabetes.1 However, more studies are required to prove the potential use of benefits for the purposes mentioned above. Furthermore, it should not be used for self-medication.
Did You Know
Nutritional composition of parts of the peepal tree (per 100 g) is:3
| Nutrient | Fresh Fruits | Dried Fruits | Leaves | Bark |
| Carbohydrates | 21.2 g | 68.33 g | 19.20 g | 15.4 g |
| Proteins | 2.5 g | 8.48 g | 13.55 g | 2.5 g |
| Fats | 1.7 g | 0.143 g | 2.5 g | 1.7 g |
| Crude fibre | 9.9 g | – | 26.1 g | 9.9 g |
| Dietary fibre | – | 69.43 g | – | – |
| Calcium | 289 mg | 848 mg | 1.67 mg | 16.1 mg |
| Iron | – | 6 mg | 0.18 mg | 623 mg |
| Copper | – | – | 0.105 mg | – |
| Manganese | – | – | 0.355 mg | – |
| Zinc | – | – | – | 0.09 mg |
Table depicting the nutritional value of pipal tree3
In my practice, I have observed that the methanolic extract of Peepal stem bark has shown an inhibitory effect on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Since this enzyme is responsible for metabolism of the chemical acetylcholine. This suggests that it may have potential benefits in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain, which is important for memory and cognitive function.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
The peepal tree might have the following properties:
In my experience, I have observed that Ficus religiosa latex has shown hepatoprotective effects in cases of liver injury induced by cisplatin. It helps in reducing the elevated levels of liver enzymes and improving the liver cell degeneration, inflammation, and necrosis. This suggests that Ficus religiosa latex may have potential benefits in protecting the liver from drug-induced damage.
Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Peepal tree might have the following potential uses for human health
Severe intolerable stomach pain may be relieved by drinking the bark’s decoction with jaggery and salt. An enema (fluid used to cleanse or stimulate the emptying of the stomach) prepared from the tree’s sprouts, cooked in milk and filtered, can be used for dysentery (severe diarrhoea). Repeated and severe vomiting can be relieved using the tree’s inner bark. The bark is dried in the shade and further finely powdered. This is mixed with honey and is considered to ease vomiting due to Kapha. Burnt peepal bark is dipped in water for cooling and can be used to satisfy uncontrollable thirst.1 The leaves of the peepal tree are laxative (ease the passage of stool). The raw juice of its leaves or powdered dried leaves in water can be taken.1
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies For Indigestion
The leaves of the peepal tree might be helpful for heart diseases. The leaves are soaked in water, distilled (purified by heating), and stored. It may help with heart weakness and palpitations (feeling that the heart is racing).1 However, more research is required to prove the use of peepal tree for the heart. Conditions of the heart are serious. Therefore, you should consult a doctor. Only a doctor should diagnose and treat heart diseases.
The peepal tree might be effective in fever due to its potential cooling nature. It might also be helpful for rheumatism (inflammation and pain of the joints). The bark of the peepal tree is cooked in water, filtered, and taken with honey as and when prescribed by an Ayurvedic physician under their supervision.1 Kindly do not use it for self-medication.
The powder form of the dried fruit with water may help with asthma. It may also be helpful with honey to relieve cough. It is also thought to make the voice melodious and sweet. Its powder with butter might help deal with whooping cough in children.1 However, more studies are required to prove such claims. Kindly ensure that you consult a doctor as such conditions should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
The decoction (concentrated solution obtained after boiling or heating) of peepal bark might help deal with itching or eczema (a condition where the patches of skin become inflamed and rough). The paste (bark and water) may help deal with skin eruptions. Its powder might have a potential use along with sesame oil for wounds.1 however, more research is required to prove the potential uses of peepal tree for the skin. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor.
Also Read: Home Remedies For Tanned Skin
A cold infusion or decoction of the bark might help to strengthen the gums and might help with toothache. The paste of powdered bark and tender leaves with honey may have potential use for mouth ulcers in growing children.1 However, more research is required to prove such claims. Therefore, you should consult a doctor.
Tender young peepal leaves may help with ear-related problems. Your Ayurvedic physician might suggest that you take some tender young peepal leaves, grind, and cook them in some sesame oil over a low flame. A small quantity of this oil might be helpful for ear pain.1 However, make sure that you consult a doctor before putting anything in your ear. Please do not self-medicate. Kindly consult a doctor as ear problems can be serious.
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of peepal tree in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of peepal tree on human health.
Based on my experience, I have observed that the methanolic extract of Ficus religiosa bark may exhibit a potent anti-parasitic effect. This anti-parasitic effect of the methanolic extract of Ficus religiosa bark may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds within the extract. These compounds are likely to have properties that are toxic or detrimental to the parasites, leading to their lethality.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Peepal tree can be used as:1
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
There is a need for more research to ascertain the potential use and side effects of peepal tree. It might have unknown side effects. Therefore, it is advised to consult your doctor before taking parts of the peepal tree.
Also Read: Butterfly Pea Flower: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
General precautions should be followed before taking parts of peepal tree, especially by pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, children and elderly individuals. Therefore, before taking the powdered bark or any other part of the tree, it is advisable to consult your doctor. Kindly do not self-medicate, alter, replace or discontinue any ongoing treatment by yourself.
No inteParts of the peepal tree might have unknown interactions with drugs. There is insufficient data regarding interactions with other drugs. Therefore, there is a need for more studies to be conducted. You should consult a doctor before using parts of the peepal tree for health. You should also ensure to disclose the current medications being used so that the doctor can have a clear picture and provide accurate guidance.
Also Read: Banyan: Uses, Benefits, Dosage & Side Effects
The powdered bark of the peepal tree may be applied with sesame oil for dealing with wounds by an Ayurvedic physician.1 Also, its stem bark can be boiled in water, and the lukewarm decoction may be used in infected and non-infected wounds, as it might help in healing. The root bark fine powder of the peepal tree may be used for dusting over the oozing lesion to manage it.5 However, these methods are to not to be used without the prescription and consultation of an Ayurvedic physician.
Fresh latex of the peepal tree might help with hyperpigmentation of the face.5 However, more studies are required to prove the use of peepal tree for hyperpigmentation. Moreover, ensure that you consult a doctor before using it.
The powder from the dried fruit with water might be helpful for asthma.1 However, more studies are required. Asthma is a serious condition and should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, kindly ensure that you consult a doctor.
A cold infusion or decoction of the bark might have potential use for healthy gums and might help with toothache.1 However, it is not advisable to use herbs on your own as the studies available are insufficient to suggest its benefits on humans. Kindly consult a dentist.
There is insufficient data regarding this subject. Kindly consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
The fruits of the peepal tree might be helpful for constipation.1. Kindly consult a dcotor and do not self-medicate.
The leaves of the peepal tree may be coated with ghee, warmed, and applied over the inflamed area of mumps; this may or may not be helpful.1 It should not be used without the recommendation by an Ayurvedic physician. Kindly consult a doctor for dignosis and treatment of mumps. Do not self-medicate.
The peepal tree is called ‘Sacred fig’ because it is believed to be sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.1
There is insufficient data regarding the use of peepal tree during pregnancy. Therefore, you must consult your doctor before taking it.
It can be used as powdered dried leaves, powdered dried bark, raw leaves juice, or decoction of bark.1 However, you should not use it without the consultation of a doctor. Therefore, make sure that you consult a doctor.
1. Panchawat S. Ficus religiosa Linn . (Peepal): A Phyto-Pharmacological. Int J Pharm Chem Sci [Internet]. 2012;1(1):435–46. Available from: https://ijpcsonline.com/files/files/53-034.pdf
2. Health MOF, Welfare F. THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA Part-I [Internet]. 21–22 p. Available from: http://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-1.pdf
3. Sandeep, Kumar A, Dimple, Tomer V, Gat Y, Kumar V. Ficus religiosa: A wholesome medicinal tree. J Pharmacogn Phytochem [Internet]. 2018;7(4):32–7. Available from: https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2018.v7.i4.4868/ltemgtficus-religiosaltemgt-a-wholesome-medicinal-tree
4. Kumar Makhija I, Sharma IP, Khamar D. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological properties of Ficus religiosa: an overview. Ann Biol Res [Internet]. 2010;1(4):171–80. Available from: https://asset-pdf.scinapse.io/prod/2416669922/2416669922.pdf
5. Vikaspedia. Herbal Healers II 1. [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://vikaspedia.in/health/ayush/ayurveda-1/ayurvedic-herbal-healing/herbal-healers-ii
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Since ancient times, honey has been considered one of the most valued and appreciated food products. It is a natural product formed from the nectar of flowers by honeybees, also called Apis mellifera, belonging to the family Apidae. Honey is the only insect-derived natural product with potential nutritional, therapeutic, cosmetic, and industrial values. Honey might be helpful for several conditions like asthma, throat infection, eye diseases, hiccups, tuberculosis, dizziness, fatigue, piles, hepatitis, and constipation.1
Honey is a sweet, thick fluid produced by bees from plant nectars and is commonly used as a sweetener in food. It has several other names like Clarified Honey, Chestnut Honey, Beri Honey, Blossom Honey, Buckwheat Honey, Honeydew Honey, Madhu, Honig, Jellybush Honey, Manuka Honey, Medihoney, Langnese honey, Miel Blanc, Purified Honey, Tualang Honey, Wildflower and Thyme Honey, and Strained Honey.2
Honey contains the following nutrients:3
| Nutrient | Amount |
| Water | 15.92 % |
| Protein | 0.42 % |
| Fat | 0.53 % |
| Carbohydrate | 88.97 g/100 g |
| Glucose | 37.64 g/100 g |
| Energy | 15.56 MJ/Kg |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) | 0.01 mg/100 g |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | 0.02 mg/100 g |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | 0.15 mg/100 g |
| Vitamin B5 | 0.07 g/100 g |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | 0.17 mg/100 g |
| Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) | 0.006 mg/100 g |
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) | 2.35 mg/100 g |
| Vitamin K | 0.025 mg/100 g |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.03-4 mg/100 g |
| Calcium (Ca) | 3-31 mg/100 g |
| Potassium (K) | 40-3500 mg/100 g |
| Sodium (Na) | 1.6-17 mg/100 g |
| Chlorine (Cl) | 0.4-56 mg/100 g |
| Fluoride (F) | 0.4-1.34 mg/100 g |
| Iodide (I) | 10-100 mg/100 g |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.7-13 mg/100 g |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.02-0.6 mg/100 g |
| Zinc (Zn) | 0.05-2 mg/100 g |
Table depicting the nutritional value of honey3
Did you know that honey has been used as a medicine for thousands of years? Stone age paintings provide evidence of its medicinal use dating back 8,000 years. Ancient scrolls, tablets, and books, including Sumerian clay tablets (6,200 BC), Egyptian papyri (1,900–1,250 BC), Veda (5,000 years ago), the Holy Koran, the Bible, and the writings of Hippocrates (460–357 BC), all highlight the widespread and longstanding use of honey as a beneficial substance.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
Also Read: Does Honey Expire? Unveiling The Truth About Honey’s Shelf Life
Honey might have several properties including:1
Also Read: Black Salt: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
In my experience, I have observed that honey consists mainly of carbohydrates, making up around 95-97% of its dry weight. However, it’s not just about carbs. Honey also contains essential elements like proteins, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, and organic acids. All these components work together to provide various health benefits, making honey a remarkable natural remedy.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
The property of honey due to antioxidant activity is related to the brightness of the honey. Darker honey has been found to have a higher value of antioxidants. In studies, the phenolic compounds present in honey are found to be responsible for antioxidant activity. It can be used as a dietary antioxidant.1
Oxidative stress damages the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), also called free radicals, have roles in diabetes, cancer, gastritis, ageing, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and several ulcers. Honey contains antioxidant compounds derived from pollen sources and might have the ability to reduce these oxidative reactions. It might help remove the ROS and may reduce DNA damage.4
Read More: What Are Antioxidants And Why Do We Need Them?
Honey might have the potential to reduce inflammatory responses as seen in cell cultures, animal models, and clinical trials (in humans).1 Mostly, inflammation occurs during the healing process. During the healing process, mild inflammation is considered normal but harmful. It triggers the activity of leukocytes and therefore produces free radicals. Honey contains polyphenols that have the oxidising ability and might provide a subsequent anti-inflammatory effect by reducing nitric oxide production.4
The phenolic content present in honey may be responsible for anti-inflammatory activity. The flavonoids and phenolic compounds present in honey might block the cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase, which are responsible for inflammation.1
Honey contains antioxidants like polyphenols, monophenols, flavonoids, vitamin C that may be linked with a reduced risk of heart failure.1 In a study daily intake of flavonoids was found to be linked with a reduced risk of heart-related diseases. Flavonoids might have some effect on heart-related diseases maybe by improving the blood flow to the heart, lowering blood clotting, and inhibiting low-density lipoprotein from oxidising.5 Heart conditions are serious and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor.
In a study, honey used in type 1 and 2 diabetes was found to lower the glycaemic index more (glycaemic index shows how quickly each food affects the blood sugar level) compared with glucose or sucrose used in diabetic patients. There In a study, honey used in type 1 and 2 diabetes might have the potential to lower the glycaemic index more (glycaemic index shows how quickly each food affects the blood sugar level) compared with glucose or sucrose used in diabetic patients. There was a lower rise in plasma glucose levels in diabetic patients given honey compared to diabetic patients given dextrose. It might also lower the blood lipids, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein levels in diabetic patients. Also, it was found that honey might help promote the secretion of insulin, may lower blood glucose levels, might help raise haemoglobin concentration, and might improve the lipid profile.5 Kindly consult a doctor for the proper diagnosis and treatment of serious conditions such as diabetes.
Read More: 10 Effective Home Remedies For Diabetes!
The most effective and most studied use of honey might have potential wound healing properties. Applying honey as a wound dressing might help improve the healing process and may help quickly clear the infection. It might have a cleansing action on wounds, may help tissue regeneration, and might lower inflammation.5 However, more research is required.
In traditional medicine,In traditional medicine, the antibacterial activity of honey is one of the most significant findings that was first recognised in 1892. It has been reported that honey might have an inhibitory effect on around 60 species of bacteria, including gram-positive, gram-negative, aerobes (microorganisms that grow in the presence of oxygen), and anaerobes (microorganisms that grow in the absence of oxygen). Honey may act as both bactericidal (kills bacteria) and bacteriostatic (stops bacterial growth) depending on the concentration used.5
Honey is described in a study as a potential effect of acting as a cancer vaccine as it might lower prolonged inflammation which is considered a risk factor for the growth of cancer. Honey might have high antioxidant content, and therefore it might show anticancer activity by stopping the spread of various cancer cells and enhancing the early death of these cancer cells. These cancer cells might include sarcomas, bone cancer, carcinomas, cancer cell lines, experimental cancers, and breast cancer.3 However, cancer is a serious condition and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of honey in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of honey on human health.
Based on my experience, I have observed that honey may offer benefits for neurological diseases. It has shown anxiolytic effects for reducing anxiety and also acts a potential antidepressant, anticonvulsant, and antinociceptive agent. Honey’s ability to reduce oxidative stress in the central nervous system can contribute to improved neurological health.
Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS
Honey can be used:
Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dose as per your requirement.
Also Read: Is Honey Good for Diabetes? Unveiling the Research Behind the Sweet Remedy
Honey is primarily safe for most adults, but if the honey is produced from the nectar of rhododendrons (plant species, also called red tree), then it is relatively unsafe, as it may contain toxins that might cause chest pain, heart problems, and low blood pressure.2
Also Read: Aloe Vera: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Therefore, honey should be used cautiously.
Also Read: Manuka Honey: Research-Based Insights into Its Unique Health Benefits
Therefore, kindly consult a doctor and confirm if it is safe for you to consume honey.
Also Read: Pink Himalayan Salt: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
No, applying honey for acne on the face doesn’t treat acne.2
Honey might be helpful for wounds. It might help reduce the pus and odour, may clean the wound, might lower the infection and pain, and may reduce the time for healing.2 However, sufficient scientific evidence is not present. Therefore, ensure that you consult a doctor and get your wounds properly treated. Kindly do not self-medicate.
Applying honey preparations to burns may have the potential to help improve healing.2 However, more research is required. Kindly consult a doctor. Do not self-medicate.
Honey might be used for application directly to the face, and it may help lower the redness.2 However, more research is required to ascertain such possible effects of honey.
Honey is mainly found to be safe in adults, but it can be unsafe if the honey is produced from the nectar of rhododendrons. It may contain toxins that cause chest pain, low blood pressure, and heart problems.2
There is no sufficient data on its safe usage during pregnancy. Consult your doctor before using honey during pregnancy.
Avoid giving honey to infants under 12 months of age. It can be given to older children and adults.2
There is insufficient data on its safe usage during breastfeeding. Consult your doctor before using honey during breastfeeding.
Honey may be helpful for constipation.1 However, more research is required to prove such effects. Kindly consult a doctor.
Allergic reactions to honey are rare but can be caused either due to bee protein or pollen in honey.5
1. Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T, Samini F. Honey and health: A review of recent clinical research. Pharmacognosy Res. 2017;9(2):121–7. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5424551/
2. Honey [Internet]. medlinePlus National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/738.html
3. Ajibola A. Novel Insights into the Health Importance of Natural Honey. Malays J Med Sci [Internet]. 2015 Sep;22(5):7–22. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5295738/#:~:text=The daily intake of natural,thereby providing succour to patients.
4. Jibril FI, Hilmi ABM, Manivannan L. Isolation and characterization of polyphenols in natural honey for the treatment of human diseases. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2019;43(1). Available at: https://bnrc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42269-019-0044-7
5. Eteraf-Oskouei T, Najafi M. Traditional and modern uses of natural honey in human diseases: a review. Iran J Basic Med Sci [Internet]. 2013 Jun;16(6):731–42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997898
Also Read: Sabudana: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Ashwagandha or Withania somnifera is a popular herb in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is a small shrub that belongs to the family Solanaceae. It might be useful for different diseases and mostly as a nervine tonic (has a soothing effect on nerves). Ashwagandha is commonly called Indian Ginseng or Indian winter cherry. Ashwagandha is known for its rasayana (tonic) property. Rasayana is a herbal or metallic formulation that stimulates a youthful physical and mental state of health as well as happiness.1
Ashwagandha is cultivated in dry regions of South Asia, Africa, and Central Asia. More than 50 chemical constituents have been isolated from different parts of the ashwagandha plant.[1]
Did you know?
In 100 grams of ashwagandha, the nutrients found are:
| Nutrient | Value |
| Energy | 250 g |
| Total dietary fibre | 25 g |
| Carbohydrate | 75 g |
Table 1: Nutritional value of ashwagandha2
Ashwagandha is also called an ‘adaptogenic’ herb or a ‘royal’ herb since it helps reduce stress, and helps your body adapt to changes. It rejuvenates various body systems like the immune, reproductive, and endocrine systems.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
The potential properties of ashwagandha are:
Did you know ashwagandha contains high levels of polyphenols, mainly catechin, which is responsible for its antioxidant actions? All the parts of ashwagandha, including the roots, leaves and fruits, are rich in catechin, which provides potential health benefits.
Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS
The potential uses of ashwagandha for human health are as follows
Ashwagandha might have anxiolytic (anxiety-relieving) properties that are similar to that of the drug lorazepam. According to an animal study, both ashwagandha and lorazepam might help reduce anxiety in animal models. Ashwagandha might also exhibit potential antidepressant properties. This indicates that ashwagandha might help with depression and anxiety.1 However, more research is required. Anxiety and depression are that may need serious attention and one should seek medical help from a professional for it.
Ashwagandha might have potential anti-arthritic properties that may be widely accepted and reported. Ashwagandha might help relieve pain by soothing the nervous system. In an experimental study, patients were given a formula containing ashwagandha. This herbal formulation showed the potential to reduce the severity of pain and disability.1,4 However, arthritis is a serious condition and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
Ashwagandha is a popular Ayurvedic rasayana and belongs to medhyarasayanas, a sub-group of rasayanas. Medhya means mental/intellectual ability. Ashwagandha might help enhance memory and intelligence. This potential of ashwagandha for cognition was seen in children with compromised memory and old age as anecdotal evidence.1 However, such claims lack scientific back-up. Therefore, more research is required.
The circulatory system and cardiovascular health are adversely affected due to mental stress. Stress also affects the body’s antioxidant defence system. Ashwagandha might help the body adapt to stress. It may also effective in improving mental and physical health.5 However, more research is required to ascertain such claims.
PharmEasy Recommends –EverHerb Ashwagandha
Ashwagandha may be helpful in combating hair loss and promoting hair growth. Hair loss usually occurs due to stress. The lactones present in ashwagandha can reduce the levels of cortisol hormone in the body, which relieves stress.
Dr. Anuja Bodhare, MD
In a study, treatment with an aqueous extract of ashwagandha showed potential to increase the pain threshold (a point beyond which a trigger produces pain) compared to that of placebo showing that ashwagandha might be an analgesic agent.4 However, further research is required to state these as concrete facts.
Also Read: Shilajit: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Ashwagandha is derived from two words-ashwa meaning ‘horse’ and gandha meaning ‘smell’. It is named so because the fresh roots of ashwagandha emit the smell of horse. It is believed to boost vitality and strength in your body, comparable to a horse.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Ashwagandha might help deal with problems related to sleep and may contain sleep-inducing properties. It might also help one to fall asleep faster and help have an improved sleep quality.7
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of ashwagandha in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of ashwagandha on human health.
Ashwagandha may be helpful in improving the performance of swimmers as it boosts stamina. It is possible that the duration that can be covered by swimmers taking ashwagandha is longer than those not taking it.
Dr. Ashok Pal, BAMS
The important formulations of ashwagandha include:
It is also available in the form of tea, pills, gummies, or tincture. The roots, seeds, leaves and flowers of ashwagandha can be used for medicinal purposes.1,7,8
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Also Read: Ashwagandha Benefits for Men: A Research-Backed Guide to Natural Wellness
The safety of the long-term use of ashwagandha has not been fully documented. However, the most common side effects of ashwagandha are:
The less common side effects are:
Ashwagandha might also cause liver damage. It is essential to call your healthcare provider when you experience any side effects, particularly those consistent with liver damage like itchy skin or jaundice.7 Therefore, kindly consult an Ayurvedic physician before using ashwagandha. They will tailor the prescription according to your health needs.
Also Read: Bakuchi: Uses, Benefits, Dosage & Side Effects
Ashwagandha must be avoided in some conditions like:
Kindly do not self-medicate, alter, replace or discontinue any ongoing treatment. Please consult a doctor.
Also Read: Can Ashwagandha Increase Height: An Evidence-Based Review
It is essential to take precautions when using ashwagandha with:
To make sure that ashwagandha does not interfere with other medications, it is essential to consult your physician.4
Also Read: Pippali: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
Ashwagandha is a well-known herb used in Ayurvedic medicine. Its common names include winter cherry and Indian ginseng. It is obtained from a small evergreen shrub known as Withania sominfera. Ashwagandha might be helpful for a wide variety of ailments.7
In India, ashwagandha is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan Punjab and Madhya Pradesh.4
The decoction of the roots of ashwagandha might be helpful for colds and chills. The root bark might be helpful for asthma.4 Kindly do not self-medicate. Consult a doctor before taking ashwagandha for common cold.
In Ayurvedic medicine, the root of ashwagandha is used as an anti-inflammatory agent by an Ayurvedic physician for dealing with tumours, swellings, scrofula (a type of tuberculosis), and rheumatoid arthritis (a condition affecting joints and bones).4 However, you are advised not to use ashwagandha for the above-mentioned conditions by yourself. Kindly consult an Ayurvedic physician for the same.
Ashwagandha is indicated in conditions like syncope (temporary loss of consciousness associated with insufficient blood flow to the brain), piles, tumours, cervical lymphadenitis (enlargement of neck lymph nodes), gout (a type of arthritis), diseases of the skin, vitiligo (a disorder that causes the skin to lose colour), lockjaw, heart failure, abscesses (a painful collection of pus), stiffness of the knee, cachexia (muscle and weight loss), bone fracture and diabetic carbuncle (cluster of painful boils).4 Kindly consult a doctor. Do not self-medicate.
Also Read: Vidarikand: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Apples are high in antioxidants (natural substances that prevent cell damage by inhibiting oxidation), which might help inhibit free radicals (unstable atoms that lead to cell damage) formation. Apples are abundant in phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus, all of which might help with numerous chronic conditions. Apple cider vinegar is formed from pressed apples that have been processed in the same way as apple juice, but it is not filtered.
Low acetic acid, flavonoids, phenolic chemicals (gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid), organic acids, minerals, and vitamins are found in apple cider vinegar, which is made from cider that has undergone acetous bioconversion.1
Salad dressings, marinades, and sauces frequently contain apple cider vinegar. It is prepared by a fermentation process in which yeast and bacteria are added to the juice of pulverised apples, converting carbohydrates to alcohol and then to acetic acid that gives the vinegar its sour flavour. Cider vinegar and apple vinegar are frequent names for apple cider vinegar.2
Pectin, vitamins B and C, and trace amounts of sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and magnesium are all likely found in apple cider vinegar.2
Apple cider vinegar’s primary active ingredients are acetic acid and polyphenolic chemicals. Succinic, ascorbic, formic, citric, and oxalic acids are other organic acid compounds found in apple cider vinegar.2
Also Read: Elaichi (Cardamom): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Dosage
The potential antitumor activity of apple cider vinegar has been studied using an animal model. It was found that apple cider vinegar might reduce deoxyribonucleic acid damage, hyperproliferation and might be helpful against the growth of cancer. Apple polyphenols contain procyanidins, flavonoids, epicatechin, catechin, which might help suppress colon cancer cells.
The apple cider vinegar might help suppress the growth of breast cancer cells. In addition, the apple juice might also help against chemical-induced tumour genesis by using several cell lines.
Polyphenols present in apple cider vinegar may have cell toxicity effects in human urinary bladder cancer cells and might cause apoptosis (cell death) and oxidative stress.1 However, more research is required. Moreover, cancer is a serious condition and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor.
The potential anti-diabetic effect of apple cider vinegar was studied in a normal and diabetic rat model. Apple cider vinegar showed a potential blood sugar lowering effect and, a potential to reduce the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and might also help normalise the lipid profiles in diabetes complications. Hence, apple cider vinegar might be helpful for diabetes.1
The hypoglycemic (blood sugar lowering) effect of apple cider vinegar was studied on human subjects, and it was found that it may help decrease the postprandial blood glucose after a meal. Researchers suggest that its use may influence satiety (feeling of fullness after eating) and blood sugar level control in healthy adults by slowing down gastric emptying (contents of the stomach moved to the small intestine), and may result in decreased after-meal blood glucose levels.4
The probable mechanism of hypoglycemic action might be the effect of apple cider vinegar on the α-amylase enzyme. The reduction of α-amylase in liver cells may help suppress the conversion of carbohydrates (polysaccharides) into smaller saccharide units such as glucose and might lead to a decrease in blood glucose levels.4 However, serious conditions like diabetes must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
The dietary flavonoids isolated from apple cider vinegar might help reduce the inflammation-related markers in mice’s intestinal tissue, as seen in animal studies. Apple polyphenolic compounds might help reduce the inflammatory response of the kidney by decreasing the expression and activity of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 enzyme in the rat model.1 However, more research is required to prove such effects of apple cider vinegar.
One study looked into the lipid-lowering effect of apple cider vinegar on rat models. These rats had higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and the atherogenic index (which predicts the chances of heart diseases). In contrast, rats that were administered apple cider vinegar showed reduction in all of these parameters, demonstrating that apple cider vinegar might have an anti-obesity effect.5 However, more research is required to prove the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar for obesity.
The potential liver protective effect of apple cider vinegar’s polyphenolic compounds was studied on rodent models. The polyphenolic compounds might help improve the oxidative enzyme’s activity in the liver tissue and may indicate liver-protecting potential of apple cider vinegar.1 However, more research will be necessary to prove such claims. Moreover, diseases of the liver must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. So, please consult a doctor if you suspect liver disease.
The heart-protective potential of apple cider vinegar was studied in mice serum. Apple cider vinegar might help with atherogenesis (fat deposition in arteries), may lessen inflammation, and might help reduce triacylglycerol levels.
Polyphenolic compounds in apple cider vinegar might help reduce drug-induced damage to the heart in a cell line study. Polyphenolic compounds like chlorogenic acid found in apple cider vinegar might help reduce lipoproteins’ oxidation and be helpful against heart-related complications.1 However, conditions of the heart are serious and a doctor must be consulted for proper diagnosis and treatment of it. Therefor, kindly consult a doctor.
The consumption of apple cider vinegar might help increasedthe antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds.1 However, these effects need to be confirmed by further research.
The antimicrobial potential of apple cider vinegar was examined against various bacteria like E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The study’s findings revealed that apple cider vinegar might have potential antimicrobial action which may be seen as the loss of bacteria and fungi in culture media.
Apple cider vinegar might also have antifungal activity against Candida species involved in denture stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucous membrane).1 However, further studies are required to prove such claims.
Several studies have shown the valuable results of apple cider vinegar on Alzheimer’s disease linked with ageing.
According to a study, when aged mice received the dilute form of apple cider vinegar in drinking water, there was an improvement in memory and increased antioxidant activity. Apple cider vinegar might also have the potential to deplete acetylcholine (a chemical found in the brain), which is connected with ageing and oxidative stress and may help maintain neuronal communications.1 However, such effects are yet to be confirmed by more research. Therefore, kindly do not self-medicate.
A study was performed to study the immunity-enhancing potency of apple cider vinegar. According to the study, apple cider vinegar might be effective in acting as an immunomodulator on the systemic and mucosal immune response.1 However, more research is required to back up such claims.
Though there are studies that show the potential use of apple cider vinegar in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of apple cider vinegar on human health.
Over the years, I’ve heard that some people may find relief from acid reflux by using apple cider vinegar. The belief is that its probiotic properties may help restore digestive balance and alleviate acid reflux symptoms. However, I would strongly advise consulting with your doctor before trying apple cider vinegar as a remedy for acid reflux.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Also Read: Does Apple Cider Vinegar Go Bad? Understanding Its Shelf Life
Apple cider vinegar is available in the following forms:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
I came across a study that suggested the potential benefits of apple cider vinegar for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study found that four out of seven patients may have experienced ovulatory menstruation within 40 days after taking apple cider vinegar. This indicates a potential positive effect on menstrual regularity in PCOS patients.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: Ashwagandha: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Apple cider vinegar is generally well-tolerated in the amounts found in foods and when used for food purposes for a short period. However, larger doses and topical use could be unsafe.
Also Read: Apple Cider Vinegar for Hair: Discover the Research-Based Benefits and Treatments
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It is prepared by a fermentation process in which bacteria and yeast are mixed into the juice from crushed apples, first converting sugars to alcohol and then to acetic acid.2
Yes, apple cider vinegar is safe to use. It is generally well-tolerated in quantities typically consumed in foods. However, kindly consult a doctor for its potential health uses.
Flavonoids, and phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid) are the constituents of apple cider vinegar.1
The common names of apple cider vinegar are cider vinegar and apple vinegar.2
No, apple cider vinegar is used for the management of dandruff.2
Yes, apple cider vinegar is acidic due to the presence of acetic acid and malic acid.3
Yes, we can drink apple cider vinegar. As per one of the studies, drinking a cup of apple cider vinegar in the middle of the meal-induced a reduction in postprandial (after meal) glucose levels.4 Kindly consult a doctor before drinking apple cider vinegar.
Yes, it is good for the liver. According to a study, the polyphenolic compounds present in apple cider vinegar might help with the oxidative enzyme activity in the liver associated with adenosine triphosphate synthesis. however, a doctor must diagnose and treat serious conditions such as those related to the liver. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor for the same.
Hypokalaemia (low potassium blood level), hyperreninemia (high blood renin enzyme level), osteoporosis, oesophageal injury, skin irritation, and chemical burns (due to topical application) are the reported side effects of apple cider vinegar.
No, apple cider vinegar lowers elevated blood pressure.3
Yes, apple cider vinegar might be helpful for weight loss.3 However, more research is required to prove its effectiveness. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor for the above-mentioned concern.
Apple cider vinegar may be helpful for skin conditions, dyspepsia (discomfort in the upper abdomen), nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), osteoporosis, arthritis, elevated blood pressure, painful joints and elevated blood sugar level, obesity, and stomach ache. However, more research is required to prove these potential uses. Kindly consult a doctor before using it for the above-mentioned conditions.
Also Read: Licorice (Mulethi): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
The botanical name of aloe vera is Aloe barbadensis miller, and it belongs to the family Liliaceae. The term aloe vera is derived from the Arabic word ‘alloeh’, which means ‘shining bitter substance’, and vera (Latin) means ‘true’. For centuries, aloe vera has been used for its medicinal, health, beauty, and skincare effects. It has been used for several reasons in dermatology. It mainly grows in the dry regions of Asia, America, Africa, and Europe.
In India, it is found in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.1 Aloe vera is also called wand of heaven, potted physician, wonder plant, plant of life, and heaven’s blessing.2 The other famous names of aloe vera are Indian Alces, Aloe, Ghirita, Kumari, Gawarpaltra, Lu hui, Curacao aloe, and Barbados aloe.3
Aloe vera contains vitamins A, B12, C and E, choline, folic acid, minerals (sodium, calcium, manganese, magnesium, copper, zinc, potassium, chromium, and iron), sugars, amino acids, and sterols.2
Aloe vera has several properties, such as
Also Read: Castor Oil – Uses, Benefits, Precautions & More!
Because of various properties, aloe vera has shown potential uses against several health conditions. Some potential uses of aloe vera are given below.
Aloe vera is known for its healing and soothing effects on burns and other wounds. Aloe vera may increase the wound closure rate and tensile strength when applied to a wound.4 However, if you have any wounds, seek medical help and get the wound treated.
Aloe vera’s components may reverse degenerative skin changes. This may help reverse the ageing effects of the skin.3 Aloe vera may be used as a moisturiser and give moisture to the skin. It might help make the skin more elastic and less wrinkled. It may also soften the skin and tighten the pores. More research is needed to support the use of aloe vera in skin ageing. Talk to your skin doctor or dermatologist if you have any skin-related concerns.
Read More: 8 Best Anti-Aging Foods to Look Younger
Aloe vera may protect the skin from dust and other natural elements that can cause harm to the skin.4
PharmEasy Recommends: EverHerb Aloe Vera Juice
Aloe vera is used in many parts of the world as a traditional remedy for diabetes mellitus. Studies in animals and humans have suggested that aloe vera may improve chronic hyperglycaemia (an excess of glucose in the blood) and disturbed lipid profile, which are the features of diabetes mellitus and are major risk factors for heart-related diseases. It was also found to reduce the blood sugar levels in diabetes patients during a clinical study. It might help prevent gestational diabetes (a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women).4 However, diabetes is a severe health condition that requires you to strictly adhere to the doctor’s advice and treatment. Avoid using any herbal remedies without consulting your doctor first.
The aloe vera extract was found to be effective against pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes during a lab trial. It was found to be effective in killing viruses.
Aloe vera gel fractions reduced the proliferation of cells of cytomegalovirus. It may also be effective against herpes simplex virus, pseudorabies virus, and influenza virus.
It could reduce the growth of fungi Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans in a lab trial. It could also reduce the growth of some microbes that cause foodborne diseases in humans or animals, as per several studies.4 More research is required to support the use of aloe vera against microbial infections. Until then, you must talk to your healthcare provider if you encounter any infection or disease.
Aloe vera juice may be valuable for managing ulcers, heartburn, and other digestion-related diseases. The extract of aloe vera could help reduce acid secretion. Some studies have identified that aloe vera may also be used for children.4 However, do not use aloe vera as an alternative to modern medical treatment. Using herbal remedies to combat ulcers may worsen the situation.
Some of the features of inflammation include pain, swelling, redness, and heat, which delay the healing process. The aloe vera gel may help relieve discomfort and pain and speed up the healing process. It might help reduce inflammation pain and act as a natural pain killer.4 However, if the inflammation does not improve, seek medical advice.
Aloe vera gel may show anti-tumour and anti-ulcer properties and increase the multiplying of normal human dermal (skin) cells. The aloe vera extract was evaluated for cancer prevention activity in an animal model. It could prevent the tumour-promoting effects of Phorbol myristic acetate, suggesting that aloe gel might be beneficial in preventing cancer.4 With human trials, we may be able to support the use of ale vera in cancer. Until then, you must consult your healthcare provider before using any herbal remedies for health benefits.
The juice of aloe vera may be an excellent natural aid for detox. Due to our unhealthy food intake, pollution, and stressful lives, our body systems require regular cleansing. Aloe vera juice may provide minerals, vitamins, and trace elements to help and support our body in dealing with our daily stresses.4 However, you need to talk to your healthcare provider before using herbal remedies for health benefits.
Though there are studies showing the benefits of aloe vera in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of aloe vera on human health.
An important thing to keep in mind is that when you use aloe vera for your wounds, burns or cuts, do not cover it with a bandage. Aloe vera works as a wound healer best in the open air, therefore, covering the site would delay the healing process.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Read More: How to Detox Your Body?
Aloe vera can be used in the following ways:
Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form as per your requirement.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking aloe vera or herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Did you know you can develop an intolerance to aloe vera juice? So, avoid taking aloe vera in your food and drinks too often and talk to your doctor for the best outcomes.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Side effects associated with aloe vera use are as follow.
Before using aloe vera or other herbal remedies, you need to talk to your healthcare provider about its possible side effects and limitations. It will help you avoid unwanted side effects.
Also Read: 8 Best Home Remedies For Immediate Relief From Constipation
Do not consume aloe vera if you have heart diseases, diabetes, kidney problems, are nursing, are pregnant, or are allergic to garlic, onions, or tulips.3
Also, if you are suffering from any disease condition, pregnant or breastfeeding then you must consult your doctor before using aloe vera for its benefits and precautions. Do not use herbal remedies for disease conditions without a doctor’s consultation.
Because of the various effects of aloe vera on health, it may interact with certain medicines.
If you are receiving treatment for any disease condition, talk to your healthcare provider about the possible interactions of the medicine with other drugs and herbs. It will help you make well-informed choices and avoid unwanted herb-drug interactions.
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Is aloe vera edible?
Yes, aloe vera is edible and may be consumed as juice.4 However, you must consult your doctor before consuming aloe vera. There are some conditions in which you cannot consume aloe vera. Do not take/consume aloe vera if you have heart diseases, diabetes, kidney problems, are nursing, pregnant, or allergic to garlic, onion, or tulips.3
Does aloe vera help in wound healing?
Yes, aloe vera may help in healing wounds.4 However, do not use aloe vera or other herbal remedies for wounds without consulting your healthcare provider first.
How to use aloe vera?
Aloe vera can be used as gel, cream, ointment, or juice.4 However, you must consult your doctor before consuming aloe vera.
Can aloe vera be used on skin?
Yes, aloe vera may be used on the skin. It may act as an excellent natural moisturiser for the skin.4 However, if you notice any allergic reactions, immediately contact your healthcare provider.
Is aloe vera good for hair?
Yes, aloe vera may be good for the hair and scalp.3
Can aloe vera be used for dandruff?
Yes, aloe vera might be effective in reducing dandruff.3 However, you must consult your doctor before consuming aloe vera.
Can aloe vera be used for managing hair loss?
Yes, aloe vera can be used for managing hair loss. The enzymes in aloe vera help in avoiding hair loss as they protect the scalp against any diseases.3
What is the precaution to be taken with aloe vera?
Do not take/consume aloe vera if you have heart diseases, diabetes, or kidney problems. Also, if you are nursing, pregnant, or allergic to garlic, onion, or tulips, you should not consume aloe vera.3 Talk to your doctor or healthcare provider before using aloe vera for its benefits.
Are there any side effects of aloe vera?
A few side effects of aloe vera have been observed. The side effects of oral use include diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, hepatitis, red urine, irregular heartbeat, and worsening constipation. Its laxative effects may cause electrolyte imbalances. It has been reported that prolonged use of aloe vera may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.1,3 The side effects of topical use include burning, redness, stinging sensation, and rarely generalised dermatitis in sensitive people. It is advised to apply aloe vera in a small area first to test for any possible allergic reaction.1 Also, talk to your healthcare provider before using aloe vera against any disease condition.
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1. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple D. Aloe vera: A short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163–6. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763764/
2. Zadeh JB, Kor NM. Component and Application Aloe Vera Plant in medicine. Int J Adv Biol Biomed Res [Internet]. 2014;2(5):1876–82. Available from: http://www.ijabbr.com
3. Kumar KPS, Bhowmik D, Chiranjib, Biswajit. Aloe vera: a potential herb and its medicinal importance. Jounal Chem Pharm Res [Internet]. 2010;2(1):21–9. Available from: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Aloe+vera:+A+Potential+Herb+and+its+Medicinal+Importance#1
4. Tsegaye M, Sewalem M, Gashe M. Review on Therapeutic Uses of Aloe Vera. Glob J Pharmacol. 2017;11(2):14–20. Available at: https://www.spafactorythailand.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Review-on-Therapeutic-Uses-of-Aloe-Vera.pdf
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Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Terminalia bellirica is found throughout the Indian subcontinent, including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Southeast Asia. In India, it is commonly known as “Bahera” in Hindi, “Beleric Myrobalan” and “Bibhitaki” in English and Sanskrit, respectively.1
As the leaves are arranged at the tips of the stems, the genus Terminalia takes its name from the Latin word “terminus.” It is a huge deciduous tree with a buttressed trunk and thick brownish-grey bark with shallow longitudinal fissures that grows to be 20-30 metres tall when fully grown. The leaves are found at the tips of the branches and have entire margins, a rounded tip, and a prominent midrib. They are pubescent when young and glabrous as they mature.1 Young leaves are copper-red, turning parrot green and eventually dark green as they grow.2
The flowers are a pale greenish-yellow colour and have an unpleasant odour.1 The fruits are ovoid drupes that are round and pink in colour, turning greyish when dry. Each fruit has an ellipsoid seed in it. The bark is grey or pale brown with shallow cracks and longitudinal fissures.1
Phytochemical analysis of behada fruit extracts revealed the presence of a broad range of bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenes, and glycoside derivatives. The fruit is a significant source of gallic acid and its esters, tannin and pseudo tannins, ellagitannins, chebulic, chebulagic, chebulinic and non-chebulic acid, corilagin, ellagic acid and its glycosides, triterpenes and triterpenoidal glycosides. The dried fruits of three plant species native to the Indian subcontinent, P. emblica, T. chebula, and T. bellirica, make up “Triphala,” a well-known natural formulation in Ayurvedic medicine.1
The nutritional content fount in behada/100 gm is:
| Carbohydrates | 20.26 ± 0.96 |
| Moisture | 167.4 ± 0.5 |
| Fats | 94.42 ± 0.63 |
| Fibres | 6.24 ± 1.62 |
| Proteins | 6.94 ± 0.03 |
| Potassium | 3.37 ± 0.11 |
| Phosphorus | 0.34 ± 0.018 |
| Calcium | 3.50 ± 0.30 |
| Nitrogen | 3.40 ± 0.06 |
| Zinc | 50.83 ± 1.32 |
| Sodium | 2.34 ± 0.21 |
| Iron | 294.06 ± 24.05 |
| Copper | 65.06 ± 0.84 |
| Magnesium | 0.36 ± 0.01 |
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Various parts of behada plant have therapeutic properties are listed below.1
Behada fruits:
Behada green fruit decoction
Behada fruit pulp:
Behada ripe fruit:
Behada bark gum and kernel oil:
Behada leaves:
Over the years, I have come across studies suggesting that Behada, a medicinal plant, may have certain beneficial effects. Specifically, it is believed to have both antisecretory and antinociceptive properties. This means that it might help reduce excessive secretion and alleviate pain sensations.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
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The antiulcer activity of extract of behada fruits was investigated in animal models by determining the ulcer index. In a study, the behada extract exhibited significant inhibition of stomach ulcers, decreased free acidity, total acidity, gastric volume, protein and pepsin content while increasing the mucus content, altogether lowering the ulcer index.2
Inhibition of cytoprotective prostaglandin synthesis may suppress ulcers, however the antioxidant activities of fruit extract are responsible for its antiulcer efficacy.1
In animal models of depression, the behada fruit extract demonstrated antidepressant efficacy, as it drastically reduced the mobility time. The presence of tannic acid and polyphenols in the extracts may be responsible for the antidepressant action.1
Several animal models of psychosis in Wistar rats were used to investigate the antipsychotic activity of behada fruit powder. The results showed that behada fruit powder reduced stereotyped behaviour (doing the same thing repeatedly) in rats and dopamine levels in the brain.1
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In animal studies, the diuretic efficacy of Behada fruit extract has been studied. The extract boosted salt excretion in urine which benefits current diuretics. The anti-urolithiatic activity of behada fruit extract was investigated in animal studies. The therapy with behada fruit extract significantly reduced calcium, oxalate, and phosphate excretion, which is beneficial in reducing stone formation.1
Behada fruit extract has shown antifertility and antiandrogenic properties in animal studies. The male reproductive organs such as testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ventral prostate significantly reduced after the administration of fruit extracts. Furthermore, extract administration significantly reduced sperm motility and density. The activity of behada fruit extract is thought to be due to selective androgen deficiency in the epididymis, which affects sperm motility and metabolism.1
The anti-obesity activity of behada fruit extract was studied in obesity models in animals. According to the findings, behada fruit extract can prevent obesity in diabetic mice by lowering body weight, fat deposition, insulin resistance, and lowering plasma and hepatic lipid levels.1
Another animal study looked at the effects of behada fruit extract on a diet-induced obesity, looking at changes in body weight, feed and water consumption, body temperature, body-mass index, organ weight, and lipid profile. The findings of the study indicated that oral administration of extract considerably improved the above parameters.1
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Studies have investigated the wound healing efficacy of behada fruit extract. The extract paste was used and improved fibroblast function, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and collagen deposition, all of which are necessary for wound healing.1
The behada fruit extract exhibited anti-inflammatory action in animal studies. The investigators suggested that inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme by fruit extract could be a possible mechanism behind its anti-inflammatory activity.1
The inhibitory effects of ellagic acid and gallic acid from behada were investigated on animals. The inhibition of numerous proinflammatory molecules, enzymes, and cytokines by downregulation of multiple signalling pathways might be responsible for the inflammatory response.1
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The antibacterial properties of behada fruit extracts were tested on several human microbial pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, S. typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Candida albicans.1 S. aureus was inhibited most effectively the fruit extracts. Except for E. coli and P. aeruginosa, all pathogens were susceptible to the behada fruit extract.2
The antiviral effectiveness of behada leaf extracts was tested against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) via cell lines assay. Extracts of behada leaf showed weak anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activity.1
The immunomodulatory action of behada extracts is apparent owing to the influence on T and B cell proliferation affecting cellular mediated immunity.2
The antidiarrhoeal effect of behada fruit extracts was investigated in animal models. Prostaglandins E2 caused fluid accumulation in the intestinal lumen due to sodium, chloride, and glucose absorption inhibition. The administration of behada extract reduced the incidence of diarrhoea.
Behada extract delayed defecation time in the animals as well. The behada extracts were found to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins E2, ricinoleic acid, and nitric oxide resulting in the prevention of diarrhoea.1
Researchers examined the liver-protective effects of behada fruit extract and its active ingredient, gallic acid, in lab animals. Biochemical parameters such as serum enzymes, lipid peroxidase, and glutathione demonstrated improvement.2
Investigators have studied behada fruit extracts for their anti-diabetic properties. With the restoration of body weight and total serum protein, the fruit extract significantly enhanced plasma insulin, C-peptide, and glucose tolerance levels. All biochemical markers, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, and creatinine, showed improvement, preventing diabetic kidney complications and dyslipidemia.1
The behada fruit extract exhibits antioxidant activity due to presence of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. It can be potent against infections and several diseases. The antioxidant activity of behada extract fractions was demonstrated by scavenging free radicals that cause cellular damage.2
The behada crude extract was studied in animals to evaluate bronchoconstriction. It produced bronchial smooth muscle relaxation in animal trachea and thus might be helpful in lung airway diseases in humans.1
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In an in-vitro model, the clot-lysing action of behada fruit extract was investigated. The study found that behada fruit extracts slowed the formation of blood clots.1
The behada fruit extract has exhibited antiproliferative action in several cancer cell lines with a high degree of selectivity.1
Skin, tongue, and pharyngeal carcinoma cell lines were used to assess the anticancer activities of behada seed extract and gallic acid. Apoptotic characteristics such as cell shrinkage, loss of cytoskeletal integrity, and DNA fragmentation were exacerbated in cell lines treated with seed extract.1
In my experience, I have come across studies suggesting that extracts from Terminalia bellirica fruits may possess antipyretic properties. This means that they might help reduce elevated body temperature associated with fever.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
The safety studies of behada on pregnant and breastfeeding women have not been conducted. Therefore, it should only be taken under the supervision and advice of a physician. No research has been done on the safety of behada in children.
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There is not much information on how behada interacts with other medications. Hence, patients should consult a doctor before taking behada if they take any other drug or supplement.
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It is a huge deciduous tree that grows to be 20-30 metres tall when fully grown.1
Tannin, pseudo tannins, gallic acid, chebulic, chebulagic, chebulinic acids, non-chebulic acid, ellagitannins, corilagin, ellagic acid, triterpenes and triterpenoidal glycosides are among the compounds found in behada.1
Bahera, beleric myrobalan and bibhitaki are the common names of behada.1
Behada fruit is used to treat asthma, bronchitis, hepatitis, diarrhoea, piles, dyspepsia, eye diseases, hoarseness of voice, scorpion-sting, hair tonic and menstrual disorders.1
Yes, behada is good for diabetes. The behada fruit extract anti-diabetic properties were tested in animal models. The extract restored body weight and total protein levels while increasing plasma insulin, C-peptide, and glucose tolerance.1 Studies for efficacy in humans are lacking.
Yes, behada is good for the liver. Treatment of animals with behada fruit extract and gallic acid improved biochemical indicators such as serum enzymes, lipid peroxidase, and glutathione, indicating liver protection.2
Yes, behada is good for preventing kidney stones. The behada fruit extract prevented kidney stones in animal models by reducing oxalate, calcium, and phosphate excretion, which is beneficial in reducing stone formation.1 However, studies are needed for efficacy in humans.
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Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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