Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterised by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It often begins in infancy and can persist into adulthood. The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic, immune, and environmental factors.

Individuals with atopic dermatitis have a compromised skin barrier, allowing irritants and allergens to penetrate the skin more easily, triggering an exaggerated immune response. This leads to inflammation, itching, and a cycle of scratching that further damages the skin barrier. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, as a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema increases the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis.

Environmental factors such as exposure to allergens, harsh soaps, weather changes, and stress can exacerbate the condition. While there is no cure, treatments aim to manage symptoms and include moisturisers, topical corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and lifestyle adjustments. As atopic dermatitis significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, ongoing research seeks to better understand its underlying mechanisms and develop more effective therapies.

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