Key Highlights: 

• Importance of understanding blood test results. 
• What is red cell distribution width (RDW) and its purpose? 
• How does RDW help diagnose or monitor certain conditions? 
• Understanding RDW ranges.  
• Causes and potential risks of low RDW. 
• Other important blood test indicators. 
•  Management options for underlying causes of low RDW. 
   

Introduction 

Understanding blood test results is essential for getting the right care and maintaining good health. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an important aspect that can provide clues about your overall well-being. 

In this article, you will learn about what RDW is, why it is measured, how to interpret your RDW results, and the potential influence of these results on your health. Together with other blood test indicators, RDW may help you and your healthcare provider come up with a comprehensive management plan tailored to your specific health needs. 

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Test 

RDW aids in checking the state of your red blood cells. 

What is RDW? 

Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of the difference in size and volume of your red blood cells. It’s part of a complete blood count (CBC). This routine blood test gives us a picture of your overall health. RDW is key for detecting possible blood disorders and tracking existing  illnesses.  

Why is the RDW test done? 

RDW tests aim to help detect and keep track of certain health issues. Working with other blood test checks, RDW helps in finding out if you have the following.  

• Anaemia 
• Deficiency of iron, vitamin B12, or folate 
• Thalassaemia 
• Ongoing liver or kidney disease 
• Diabetes mellitus 
• Heart failure 
   

How do you prepare for the test? 

Getting ready for an RDW test is simple. No need to fast or make any other special  changes. Just go by your healthcare provider’s orders before the test.  

Interpreting RDW Results 

Understanding RDW ranges 

RDW values are given as a percent. They tell us about the sizes of your red blood cells. For adults, the normal range is between 11.5% and 15.4%. This can change based on the laboratory and instrument used.  

RDW ranges come in three types: normal, high, and low. 

• Normal range: This says all your red blood cells are the same size and shape. 
• High range: High RDW means bigger size changes. It points to possible health problems, like anaemia or lack of nutrients. 
• Low range: A low RDW is often seen as normal. A low RDW doesn’t mean any blood problems. 
   

Factors affecting RDW 

Many things may affect RDW levels.  

• Lack of water in the body. 
•  Lifestyle habits, like  diet,  physical activities, and sleep. 
• Some drugs, like blood thinners or antiviral drugs. 

Research has demonstrated that RDW is linked to a bad outcome in individuals with multiple myeloma and lung cancer. Additionally, it may predict cancer in those who have lost weight inadvertently.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D

Low Red Cell Distribution Width 

• Causes of low RDW 

Low RDW mainly shows your red blood cells are the same in size and shape.  Some factors might fake a low RDW. These  are as follows. 

• Lack of iron in the blood. 
• Thalassaemia, a genetic blood problem.  

• Potential risks and complications 

Low RDW doesn’t directly cause trouble. But conditions tied to low RDW might impact your health.  

• Problems from unchecked anaemia: Not taking care of anaemia may lead to more severe symptoms. These include weariness, weakness, breathlessness, and even heart issues. 
• Effect on overall health: Low RDW might influences other parts of your health in unseen ways. That makes managing the root cause very crucial. 

If your blood test reveals low red cell distribution width, your healthcare provider will check your signs and symptoms and may look at other blood test parameters to assess the reason behind this. 
 

Other Important Blood Test Indicators 

Besides RDW, other blood tests are vital in gauging your health. 

• Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) 

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is another key blood  test. It finds out the mean size of your red blood cells. It’s often part of a CBC. MCV results can give helpful information about the kind of anaemia you might have or if you’re at risk of lacking certain nutrients. The bond between RDW and MCV can shed light on your health state. 

• Haemoglobin and hematocrit levels 

Haemoglobin and hematocrit levels also matter a lot in blood tests. Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Hematocrit tells us the red blood cells’ volume percentage in the blood. 

In reading RDW results, thinking about haemoglobin and hematocrit levels together is key. This combination gives a full view of your blood health. It helps healthcare providers make smart choices about your health. 

Management 

The right care and steps are vital for handling the root cause of low RDW. 

1. Addressing the underlying cause 

In managing low RDW, dealing with the root cause is most important. This means making the right  tests, knowing the exact issue, and modifying the management plan accordingly. In some cases, your healthcare provider may suggest drugs, supplements, or lifestyle changes. 

2. Dietary and lifestyle changes 

Eating a balanced diet rich in iron aids a lot in improving RDW levels. Having foods high in vitamins, minerals, and key nutrients may help. Moreover, regular exercise and enough water intake may also help improve your blood health. 

3. Monitoring and follow-up tests 

Doing regular blood tests are key for tracking your RDW levels and for controlling any ongoing health issues. This ensures your management plan is made to meet your exact  requirements. It also allows for needed changes in your health plan. 

Conclusion 

Knowing the value of low RDW and using this key information may help you maintain health. By tracking your RDW results and working in sync with your healthcare provider, you may manage your health well. 

Moreover, fixing the root cause of low RDW and implementing the lifestyle and dietary changes required is vital.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

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