Introduction

Monsoon is a time for rejuvenation, especially after the oppressive summer months. Frolicking in the rain is a fun activity but it can also be detrimental to health since the rate of viral and bacterial infection is high during this time. An increase in cases of eye infections is also common during monsoon season. These are usually a combination of eye infections and allergies. 

Monsoon is often referred to as the flu season of the year because every year it arrives, the change in temperature and humidity is said to foster the growth of infection-causing microbes. Taking sound measures to improve living conditions is, therefore, a necessary step in maintaining health and hygiene. It is crucial to stay cautious while enjoying the beauty of this season so as to cut down the risk of gut infections, water-borne diseases and even eye infections.

In this article, we discuss common eye infections during the rainy season.

Eye Problems in Rainy Season

1. Viral conjunctivitis (Eye flu)

Most of the cases of pink eye during monsoons this year are reported to be due to viral conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis is an infection that leads to inflammation of the thin membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the white section of the eyeball. This thin membrane is referred to as the conjunctiva and it acts as a shield against infections, keeping the eye moist. The conjunctiva can sometimes become infected and when the source of the infection is a virus, which is known as viral conjunctivitis. Some symptoms indicating that you have developed viral conjunctivitis are:

· Itching and burning

· Redness of the eyelids or the eyes

· Watery discharge or tears

· Light sensitivity

· The sensation of a foreign object entering the eyes

Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and can easily spread from an infected person to others if precautions are not followed. Know more about the measures to prevent eye flu.

The current outbreak of viral conjunctivitis in the Indian subcontinent has a whole spectrum – from mild to moderate to severe. it should not be taken lightly. Any redness associated with pain or excessive lid swelling, should be taken seriously.

Dr. Gitanjali Sharma Bose MBBS, MS Ophthalmology

2. Bacterial conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused when bacteria inflame and infect the conjunctiva. Target groups such as older adults, children, those who wear contact lenses and people suffering from weak immunity are at a higher risk of developing bacterial conjunctivitis.

The bacteria can enter the eyes when the person touches contaminated droplets or when they come into contact with someone who has also developed bacterial conjunctivitis.

Signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis are listed below:

· Excessive tears

· Intolerance to contact lenses

· Itching 

· Eye discharge

· Red eyes

3. Stye

A stye is a red bump that forms on the edge of the eyelids. It is similar to an acute pimple and it is very painful. When the small oil glands located within the eyelid skin or the eyelash follicle become clogged and infected, the stye is formed. Stye is medically referred to as hordeolum and there are two types- external and internal stye.

External styles are very common and form on the outer part of the lower or upper eyelid. It is usually caused by an infection in the eyelash follicle.

The internal stye, as the name suggests, is formed on one of the inner eyelids and it is caused by an infection within the inner eyelid gland producing oils that keep the eyelid moist. Although it is more common to get a stye on one eyelid, sometimes a person can get it on both eyelids as well.

Some symptoms of a stye are:

· Eye tearing

· Crusting around the eyelids

· Soreness and itchiness

· Light sensitivity

· Painful red bumps

This may also be accompanied by fever.

4. Allergic Conjunctivitis

Triggered by allergens, this condition can occur during any season of the year but some allergies worsen during monssons.

Symptoms:

• Redness of eyes
• Pain or itching
• Watering from eyes

Avoid swimming in public pools during monsoon. Contact lens use should also be minimised. Follow strict hand hygiene. Monsoon is the time when viral infections are at their peak.

Dr. Gitanjali Sharma Bose MBBS, MS Ophthalmology

5. Dry Eyes

Dry eyes are a condition that occurs when tears are incapable of lubricating the eyes adequately. This. Dry eyes often have the tendency to burn or sting the eyes. This can happen when you are in an air-conditioned room when you are flying on an aeroplane, riding a bike or staring at the screen for long hours. Some symptoms of dry eyes are:

· Eye redness

· Photosensitivity

· Scratchy or burning sensation

· Watery eyes

· Trouble wearing contact lenses

Eye Care Tips During Monsoon

The best way to maintain your eye health is by following a few eyecare measures, which are simple but effective. These are listed below:

• You should directly touch your eyes with your uncleaned fingers. Germs and bacteria enter and infect the eyes, so it is recommended that you wash your hands well before doing so.
• Wash and clean your hands well before putting on contact lenses. Always wear sunglasses to shield the eyes on a windy, rainy day.
• Maintain separate towels for the body and your face.
• If you are sweating during humid weather, use clean handkerchiefs to clean the area around the eyes.
• Do not travel to areas which are waterlogged, as these places are breeding grounds for various kinds of bacteria and viruses.
• Do not apply any medicated eye drops  to the eyes without a doctor’s prescription.
• Avoid wearing eye makeup to keep the chances of infection on the lower side.
• Wash and clean our makeup applicators frequently.
• Wash your face with clean water.

Also Read: What Causes Fingernails to Split Down the Middle: A Comprehensive Examination of the Causes

Foods Known to Support Eye Health

· Carrots

· Amla

· Red peppers

· Almonds

· Leafy greens

· Fish

· Eggs

· Tomatoes

· Nuts and seeds

Also Read: How to Stop Watery Eyes: Effective Solutions Based on Research

Conclusion

Eye flu cases are on the rise due to monsoons. With good hygiene and above stated measures, one may reduce the risk of catching viral eye infections. Now that you are aware of other possible eye problems, which are also common during monsoons, never self-medicate. To be uber careful, make sure you take precautionary measures and try to steer clear of eye infections in monsoon and consult an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) the moment you experience any discomfort.

Disclaimer: The information included on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional. Because of unique individual needs, the reader should consult their physician to determine the appropriateness of the information for the reader’s situation.