Introduction  

Anacyclus pyrethrum, commonly known as Akarkara in Hindi and Pellitory in English, is an important medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is also called Akkirakaram in Marathi. The roots of the plant have good therapeutic value as per the traditional systems of medicine.¹ It is also known as the African pyrethrum. The species is indigenous to Morocco, Spain, and Algeria and has two varieties: Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball) Maire.² Some varieties can be found in Jammu and Kashmir, and Bengal. It is imported to India from Algeria.¹  

Chemical Constituents  

Phytochemicals like alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins are present in the Anacyclus pyrethrum variety. The root extract contains free fatty acids, sterols, and unsaturated amides. Pellitorin, anacyclin, phenylethylamine, inulin, polyacetylenic amides, and sesamin.¹ 

Nutritional Benefits 

Phytochemical screening of Akarkara shows the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids.³ 

Therapeutic Uses 

The therapeutic uses of Akarkara are due to the presence of phytochemicals like Flavonoids and terpenoids.¹    The roots and leaves of the Akarkara have a therapeutic role in the traditional Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicines as well as the herbal medicine of the East.¹    

The plant is used as an  

• anti-inflammatory  
• antibacterial  
• aphrodisiac  
• antiviral  
• carminative  
• diuretic  
• emmenagogue (stimulate menstrual flow)  
• vermifuge (anthelmintic)  
• febrifuge (reducing fever)  
• sialagogue (stimulate saliva)  
• analgesic (pain reliever)  
• antiarthritic  
• nerve tonic¹  

Maintain your oral health by using a herbal formulation (dantkanti) containing Akarkara (Anacyclus pyrethrum). Akarkara might help in strengthening teeth and gums and relieves toothache as they possess antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Akarkara 

Benefits of Akarkara in Diabetes 

• Oral administration of the root extract of Akarkara was beneficial in bringing down spiked blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models.
• Akarkara could show antidiabetic benefits in animal studies.
• Further trials on humans are awaited to make it available as mainstream anti-diabetes medication.¹  

Benefits of Akarkara on Central Nervous System (CNS) 

• Akarkara root extract produced significant antidepressant effects in animal studies.
• Akarkara also showed muscle relaxant benefits in animal models.¹
• Extract of Akarkara enhanced memory and showed improvement in cognitive processes by increasing the brain levels of enzyme cholinesterase.⁴ 
• Extract of Akarkara also showed anticonvulsant activity.
• The extract reduced seizures associated with cognitive impairment and reduced oxidative stress in an experimental model of seizures.⁵ Animal studies have confirmed the CNS activities of Akarkara.
• However, the same activities are yet to be established on humans through trials.  

Benefits of Akarkara for Immunity  

• Akarkara extract showed immunostimulatory activity in rat models.
• There was a huge improvement in the humoral as well as the cellular component of the immunity.
• The results suggest the potential use of Akarkara as an immunomodulator in the Ayurvedic system of medicine.¹  

Benefits of Akarkara in Wound Healing 

• Akarkara plant extract showed wound healing benefits in rats which were evident by the improvement in the wound diameter.
• The wound healing activity of Akarkara could be attributed to the antibacterial property of Akarara.
• The wound healing benefit could also be attributed to the anti-inflammatory activity of Akarkara.²  

Polysaccharides extracted from the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum may possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties can help in reducing various allergy-causing respiratory ailments.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

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Benefits of Akarkara as a Fertility Enhancer 

• The root extract of the Anacyclus pyrethrum improved the sexual potential of rats in an animal trial.
• Extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum also showed a potent libido enhancing ability, along with its fertility-enhancing effects in several animal trials.
• Akarkara extract has shown promising results as a fertility enhancer in animal trials, but these activities are yet to be confirmed in humans.¹  

Also Read: Triphala – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

How to Use Akarkara? 

Akarkara can be used in powdered form. The powder can be taken with honey.⁶

An ayurvedic physician will better guide on the dose and frequency of taking the powder.  

Precautions to Take with Akarkara 

• There are no safety studies about its usage in pregnant and breastfeeding women. Therefore, it should be used with the doctor’s advice and supervision.   
• There are no safety studies about its usage in children.  

Improve your digestive health with Akarkara. Akarkara roots might aid in increasing and stimulating the secretion of saliva and other digestive juices which help in improving digestive health. Additionally, they might facilitate gas flatulence due to their carminative property.

Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

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Interactions With Other Drugs:  

There is a lack of data regarding the interaction of Akarkara with other drugs. Therefore, patients are advised to talk to a doctor about its usage if using any other medication or supplement.  

Also Read: Kumaryasava – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions: 

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References  

1. Usmani A, Khushtar M, Arif M, Siddiqui MA, Sing SP, Mujahid M. Pharmacognostic and phytopharmacology study of Anacyclus pyrethrum: An insight. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2016 Mar 1;6(3):144–50.  

2. Jawhari FZ, el Moussaoui A, Bourhia M, Imtara H, Mechchate H, Es-Safi I, et al. Anacyclus pyrethrum (L): Chemical Composition, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Wound Healing Properties. Molecules [Internet]. 2020 Nov 23 [cited 2022 Feb 24];25(22):5469. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7700217/   

3. Estimation Of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoids And Total Protein Content Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Anacyclus Pyrethrum | Request PDF [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333746572_ESTIMATION_OF_TOTAL_PHENOLIC_TOTAL_FLAVONOIDS_AND_TOTAL_PROTEIN_CONTENT_OF_HYDROALCOHOLIC_EXTRACT_OF_ANACYCLUS_PYRETHRUM  

4. Sujith K, Darwin CR, Sathish, Suba V. Memory-enhancing activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum in albino Wistar rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2012 Aug 1;2(4):307–11.  

5. Pahuja M, Mehla J, Reeta KH, Joshi S, Gupta YK. Root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum ameliorates seizures, seizure-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in experimental animals. Epilepsy Research. 2012 Feb 1;98(2–3):157–65.    

6. Pandey S, Rani Kushwaha G, Singh A, Singh A. Chemical Composition And Medicinal Uses Of Anacyclus Pyrethrum. 2018; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324042819  

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