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Can Sleep Apnea Kill You? Uncovering the Truth

By Dr. Nikita Toshi +2 more

Key Highlights:

  • Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder affecting millions of people.
  • It causes interrupted breathing during sleep.
  • There are two main types: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Central Sleep Apnea.
  • Sleep apnea, if untreated, can lead to various risky health complications, including cardiovascular issues and potential death.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment, such as CPAP or lifestyle changes, can effectively manage this condition.
  • This blog post aims to uncover the truths surrounding sleep apnea and its potential dangers.

Introduction

Today, we shall read about the subject of sleep apnea. Let’s dive together into this subject. You and I will discover what sleep apnea is. We’ll go through its myths and facts. We’ll understand its types too. Also, we will link it to deadly risks. We’ll tackle the fatal side of sleep apnea and available treatments for it. Next, we’ll look at signs that call for medical help. In the end, we’ll talk about the need for early diagnosis and treatment, with a FAQ section to wrap things up.

Understanding Sleep Apnea

Before we dig deeper, let’s define sleep apnea. Let’s also debunk some myths about it.


Simply put, sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder. It displays as breathing halts during sleep. These pauses can last for a few seconds to several minutes and happen many times while you sleep. Many people don’t even know they have it because it is so common yet so often missed.

Myths Surrounding Sleep Apnea

Let’s clarify some false ideas:

  • If you’re not snoring, you don’t have sleep apnea: Not true. 
  • While loud snores are a common sign of sleep apnea, not everyone who snores has it.
  • Only older overweight men get sleep apnea: No this condition can affect all ages, genders and body sizes.

Did you know? 

  • Sleep apnea can have various health complications, including an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and neurocognitive effects. source: AMA News Wire
  • Sleep apnea is linked to obesity, as weight gain can lead to increased airway collapse. source: AMA News Wire
  • Risk factors for sleep apnea include having a small upper airway, being overweight, and having a large neck size. source: fmcsa.dot.gov
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a highly effective treatment for sleep apnea. source: health.gov
  • Oral appliances can be used to treat sleep apnea by opening the airway. source: health.gov
  • Sleep apnea increases the risk of heart, brain, and metabolic problems. source: health.gov

Causes of Sleep Apnea

Every health issue has its root causes. And sleep apnea does, too. It groups into two main factors.

Lifestyle Factors

Several life choices can cause sleep apnea:

  • Sedentary Lifestyle: This can lead to obesity and Extra fat around your upper airway hinders your breath.
  • Smoking: This habit worsens inflammation and fluid build-up in the upper airway.
  • Alcohol and sedatives: They relax the throat muscles.

Medical Conditions

Certain conditions up the risk for sleep apnea:

  • Chronic nasal congestion: If you have it, you’re two times as likely to suffer from sleep apnea.
  • Heart disorders: These make you prone to developing central sleep apnea.
  • Diabetes: Sleep apnea is common among people with type 2 diabetes.

Although very uncommon, it is possible to die during sleep from untreated obstructive sleep apnea. This risk is believed to be higher in people of older age, in people with a critical illness, and in people with severe Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA). If you frequently experience symptoms of sudden awakenings in the middle of the night to gasp air, visit a physician to get the symptoms thoroughly checked.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Types of Sleep Apnea

You might not know this, but sleep apnea falls into two main types – Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Central Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) happens when throat muscles block your airway at times during your sleep.

Causes and Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Factors causing OSA include excess weight, a narrow airway, chronic nasal congestion, and smoking. It shows up as loud snoring, sudden pauses in breathing, and gasping for air during sleep.

Central Sleep Apnea

Though less common, Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) happens when your brain fails to send the right signals to the breathing-control muscles.

Causes and Symptoms of Central Sleep Apnea

CSA can result from heart failure, stroke, and opioid use. It shows up as shortness of breath, sporadic disruptions of breathing, or having a tough time falling asleep or staying asleep.

Individuals with OSA have nearly a twofold higher risk of sudden death and cardiovascular mortality. Treatments and interventions related to decreasing this risk and other adverse outcomes are necessary to optimise survival.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

Link Between Sleep Apnea and Mortality

While sleep apnea itself may not directly cause death, it sure adds to life-threatening health problems if untreated.

Sleep Apnea and Health Risks

Sleep apnea can cause both immediate and long-term health risks.

Short-Term Risks

In the short run, sleep apnea disrupts sleep, causing daytime tiredness and doziness, irritability, anxiety, and mood changes. It also triggers morning headaches and dehydration due to night sweating.

Chronic Risks

Unaddressed sleep apnea brings high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, depression, and poor cognition in its wake in the long term.

Treatment Options for Sleep Apnea

There’s good news! A range of effective treatments exists for sleep apnea. The most fitting choice depends on its severity and root cause.

Medical Treatments

Dealing with sleep apnea often asks for devices being used for moderate to severe cases.

Common treatments include:

  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): Your doctor/healthcare provider may prescribe using a CPAP machine. It sends a steady flow of air through a mask. This keeps your airways open while you sleep.
  • Oral Appliances: For milder sleep apnea cases, your dentist may suggest devices. These devices push your lower jaw forward to make more space for breathing.
  • Surgery: In some cases, surgery can remove extra tissue blocking the airway or reset the jaw.

Lifestyle Modifications

Small life changes can cut mild sleep apnea’s effects. These changes include:

  • Losing weight if overweight.
  • Regular exercise.
  • Limiting alcohol use and quitting smoking.
  • Setting regular sleep habits.

Importance of Medical Intervention

If you think you might have sleep apnea, seek medical help right away. When it’s about your health, better safe than sorry, right?

When to Consult a Doctor

Show up at a doctor’s office if you spot anything odd about your sleep or wake cycles. Get help if you’ve seen a pattern of loud snoring, frequent wakings, extreme daytime fatigue, morning headaches, or trouble focusing.

Conclusion

After our joint exploration of sleep apnea, remember these key points. Firstly, sleep apnea is common, posing a widespread concern. Secondly, not diagnosing or managing sleep apnea risks serious health issues up to and including premature death. But remember the good news: early detection and managing sleep apnea cut these risks a lot. Staying aware of symptoms and getting help if needed is crucial. Remember: speaking out is the first step towards a cure and prevention is the best medicine.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the life expectancy of someone with sleep apnea?

Hard to predict, but untreated sleep apnea spikes the risk of serious health conditions. These might shorten life expectancy.

Is death from sleep apnea common?

While sleep apnea itself usually doesn’t cause death, complications from it can lead to life-threatening scenarios. Proper treatment, however, reduces these risks.

What happens if I don’t treat sleep apnea?

Ignoring sleep apnea can lead to problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Plus, your sleep quality worsens, causing daytime tiredness and other issues.

Can you suffocate with sleep apnea?

Sleep apnea causes brief cessations in breathing but is not the same as suffocation. However, treating sleep apnea is crucial due to the health risks it carries.

References:

  1. American Heart Association. Sleep Apnea and Heart Health [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea-and-heart-disease-stroke

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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