"MedicalWebPage", "FAQPage"

Get more insightful and

helpful tips to

treat Diabetes for FREE

Want an ad free reading experience?

Download PharmEasy App

Banner Image

Register to Avail the Offer

Send OTP

By continuing, you agree with our Privacy Policy and Terms and Conditions

Success Banner Image
Advertisement
Advertisement

What Is Leaky Gut: Exploring the Facts and Debunking the Myths

By Dr. Ashish Bajaj +2 more

Key Highlights:

  • Leaky Gut Syndrome refers to a state in which spaces in the intestinal walls let bacteria, food particles and toxins slip into the bloodstream.
  • Medics are still arguing if Leaky Gut Syndrome is real.
  • Factors that may cause Leaky Gut Syndrome include a bad diet, swelling, stress, drugs and infections.
  • Diseases related to Leaky Gut Syndrome are Celiac Disease, Diabetes, Crohn’s Disease, Irritable Bowel Disorder, Food Allergies and Autism.
  • Signs of Leaky Gut Syndrome are gut problems, skin issues, mental health signs and immune system issues.
  • To deal with and improve gut health, one could change their diet, use probiotics, take extra nutrients, manage stress and change their lifestyle.

Introduction

Recent talks about gut health have become more frequent. In these talks, Leaky Gut Syndrome often becomes a hot topic of debate. It leaves many people puzzled and eager for answers. This blog goes into detail on Leaky Gut Syndrome. It aims to tell fact from fiction and offer info that might help you better your gut health.


This article covers the description of Leaky Gut Syndrome, the doubts around it, its possible causes, how it relates to different diseases and how to perhaps better overall gut health. Won’t you join us on this info-filled path?

Did you know?

Understanding Leaky Gut Syndrome

Everyone’s guts are semi-permeable. The mucous lining of our intestines is designed to absorb water and nutrients from our food into our bloodstream. But some people have increased intestinal permeability or hyperpermeability. That means their guts let more than water and nutrients through — they “leak”. Leaky Gut Syndrome, or higher gut porosity, is when the gut walls become more porous. This happens when tight links in the gut lining slacken. Harmful things like bacteria, food bits and toxins then seep through the gut walls and into the blood.

Dispelling Common False Beliefs about Leaky Gut

Several myths and misbeliefs about Leaky Gut Syndrome exist. Let’s debunk a few:

  • It’s not seen as a true medical state: Though no agreement among medics exists, many agree that higher gut porosity does appear in certain lasting diseases.
  • Only people who have a compromised health condition can have Leaky Gut Syndrome: While things like a bad diet and lack of exercise can contribute to a leaky gut, even seemingly healthy people can get the state due to various inner and outer factors.

Is Leaky Gut Syndrome a Real Thing?

1. Checking Out the Doubts

Whether Leaky Gut Syndrome is real and how important it is remain unsettled in the medical world. Many health experts do not accept it as diagnosable. Instead, they think it could be an effect of many different gut diseases.

2. Science-based Facts that Back Up Leaky Gut

Even though doubts over Leaky Gut Syndrome’s truth persist, some science-based facts suggest that high gut porosity is real. It seems to play a part in various health states like obesity, autoimmune problems and an inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS).

3. Unproven Claims About Leaky Gut Syndrome

Supporters of Leaky Gut Syndrome often link it to various health problems. These may include autism, worry, sadness, eczema and cancer. But there’s not enough research linking these claims to leaky gut. We need more studies to set a clear cause-effect relationship.

4. What Can Lead to Leaky Gut

Leaky Gut Syndrome can be brought about by many things. Here are some:

  • Bad Diet and Missing Nutrients: A poor diet high in sugar, refined carbs and factory-made foods can harm the gut lining, making it more porous.
  • Swelling: Lingering body swelling can cause Leaky Gut Syndrome by harming the gut lining.
  • Stress: Long-lasting stress touches various parts of the gut process. It includes digestion, gut movement and the gut biome. Persistent stress has been tied to many gut problems, including Leaky Gut Syndrome.
  • Drugs: Some drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics, can disturb the balance of the gut lining. This may lead to higher gut porosity.
  • Infections: Many infections can harm the gut lining. This leads to high gut porosity and possibly Leaky Gut Syndrome.

5. How Gut Tiny Creatures Play a Part in Leaky Gut

An unbalanced gut tiny creature mix can badly affect total gut health. This includes its barrier work. The tiny creatures in our gut are key for proper digestion, immune system work and protecting the gut wall. When the balance between good and bad bacteria in the gut is upset, it could lead to lingering swollen changes in gut cells. This, in the end, causes Leaky Gut Syndrome.

Diseases that Link to Leaky Gut

Some diseases have been linked to Leaky Gut Syndrome. These include:

1. Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is an autoimmune (self-attack) disease caused by not tolerating gluten. Leaky Gut Syndrome has been noted in people with celiac disease. Studies show that eating gluten heavily boosts gut porosity in these patients.

2. Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune (self-attack) disease, has been tied to higher gut porosity. Studies suggest that the immune reaction that wipes out insulin-making beta cells in the pancreas might be sparked off by outside things “leaking” through the gut.

3. Crohn’s Disease

High gut porosity is a major factor in Crohn’s disease, a lasting digestive problem marked by lingering swelling of the gut tract.

4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome

People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) might have higher gut porosity. IBS is a digestive problem defined by diarrhea, constipation, or both.

5. Food Allergies

People with food allergies might have a weak gut barrier. This suggests that a leaky gut might play a part in developing food allergies.

6. Autism

Even though there’s no complete proof, some studies have shown that some kids with autism have high gut porosity. We need more studies to clarify the link between leaky gut and autism.

Other diseases that may be a cause of leaky gut include:

  • Diseases that may cause intestinal injury, such as HIV/AIDS.
  • Chemotherapy and radiation therapies that degrade the intestinal mucosa.

Is Leaky Gut a Root or Sign of Disease?

Looking at the Chicken-or-Egg Debate

There’s a fight over whether Leaky Gut Syndrome is a root or just a sign of lasting diseases. Some think that high gut porosity is a sign of a lasting disease and not a cause. But, some animal studies show that high gut porosity happens before certain diseases. This means leaky gut plays a part in these diseases starting.

In all, we do not have enough evidence to say for sure if leaky gut is the true cause of lasting diseases. We need more research to better understand the link between leaky gut and various health problems.

Many other diseases have been suggested as possible consequences of leaky gut syndrome. The idea is that “toxins” from your intestines may leak into your bloodstream and cause an inflammatory response. Chronic low-grade inflammation may, indeed, be a factor in many of these diseases, including metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, asthma and fibromyalgia. But the rest remains unclear.

In my opinion, your gut can be strengthened by eating a balanced diet that contains all the essential macronutrients and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Your gut lining may in particular benefit from the use of vitamin D and the amino acid L-glutamine.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Signs of Leaky Gut Syndrome

Those with Leaky Gut Syndrome may show a range of signs. Here are some common ones:

1. Gut Problems

  • Diarrhea or constipation that won’t go away
  • Bloating
  • Gas
  • Belly pain

2. Skin Issues

  • Eczema
  • Acne

3. Mental Health Signs

  • Worry
  • Sadness
  • Brain fog
  • Hard time focusing

4. Immune System

  • Getting sick often
  • Derangements in the body’s defense mechanisms
  • Food allergies or sensitivities

Time to break down these points into simpler terms.

TypeSymptoms
GutDiarrhea, constipation, bloating, gas, belly pain
SkinEczema, acne
Mental HealthWorry, sadness, brain fog, hard time focusing
Immune Systemoften getting sick, issues in the body’s defence mechanisms, food allergies

In my knowledge, the erosion of the gut lining is one of the known causes of a leaky gut. This could be due to a long-term illness, drug or alcohol abuse, or radiation therapy. I strongly recommend one should consult their gastroenterologist for management of a leaky gut.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD

Also Read: What is Kefir? A Comprehensive Guide to Its Health Benefits

How to Spot Leaky Gut Syndrome

Problems with Spotting It

Given that Leaky Gut Syndrome isn’t a diagnosed medical state, it’s hard for health experts to spot it. Plus, its symptoms are vague; therefore it’s hard to locate the exact cause of gut troubles.

Methods of Testing and Assessing

Right now, there are no standard tests for spoting leaky gut. Depending on the symptoms and medical past, health experts might carry out tests to judge the work of the gut system, like blood tests, urine tests, stool tests, tissue biopsy, or imaging studies like confocal endomicroscopy. Finding and treating any veteran states can help deal with and maybe relieve symptoms linked to leaky gut.

How to Deal with and Better Gut Health

While there’s no special treatment for Leaky Gut Syndrome, some things might help better gut health and lessen symptoms linked to leaky gut:

1. Dietary Changes and Food Suggestions

Dodging Trigger Foods

Dodging foods that can make gut symptoms worse or cause swelling is key. Common trigger foods are factory-made foods, refined carbs, fake sweeteners and too much sugar.

Focusing on Nutrient-packed Foods

Focusing on a nutrient-packed diet filled with whole foods, like fruits, veggies, lean proteins and healthy fats, can support gut health and lessen swelling.

2. Probiotics and the Part of Good Gut Bacteria

Including foods high in probiotics, like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut and kimchi, or taking probiotic extras, can help restore the balance of good bacteria in the gut. This makes for a better gut system.

Low FODMAP Diet

This specific diet is often suggested for people who have IBS and certain food sensitivities because it systematically eliminates most of the common food triggers. Using it briefly may give your gut the rest it needs to repair, while also clueing you in to which food triggers you are sensitive to.

3. Extras and Natural Remedies

Some extras and natural remedies, like L-glutamine, collagen, or curcumin, might help support gut lining repair and manage symptoms linked to leaky gut.

4. Dealing with Stress and Changing Lifestyle Habits

Handling stress through techniques like focus, meditation, or yoga and following a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and sleep can help better gut health and lessen symptoms linked to leaky gut.

Time to unfold these aspects into simpler terms.

Way of dealingAction
Dietary changesDodge trigger foods; focus on nutrient-packed, whole foods
ProbioticsInclude food or supplements high in probiotics
Extras and natural remediesThink about extras like L-glutamine, collagen, or curcumin
Stress handling and changing lifestyle habitsDeal with stress, exercise often and get good sleep

Conclusion

Leaky Gut Syndrome continues to be a hot topic of debate, with ongoing research striving to uncover its causes, implications and potential treatments. While some things remain controversial, it’s clear that gut health plays a crucial role in overall wellness. By prioritizing a nutrient-dense diet, managing stress and living a healthy lifestyle, you may positively affect your gut health and reduce symptoms related to leaky gut. Engaging in these habits can only help you move towards a healthier, happier life.

As the field of medicine continues to expand its knowledge, more research may shed a brighter light on the complex world of gut health and unveil new ways of treating and preventing states linked to Leaky Gut Syndrome.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What are the signs of leaky gut?

Signs of Leaky Gut Syndrome might include lasting diarrhea or constipation, bloating, gas, belly pain, eczema, acne, worry, sadness, brain fog, hard time focusing, often getting sick and food allergies or sensitivities.

What three foods cause leaky gut?

Three kinds of food that might lead to leaky gut are factory-made foods, refined carbs and too much sugar. It is good to limit these in your diet and focus on nutrient-packed, whole foods to support gut health.

How can I heal my leaky gut naturally?

To naturally heal your leaky gut, think about making dietary changes (focusing on nutrient-packed, whole foods), including probiotics, dealing with stress and living a healthy lifestyle – including regular exercise and enough sleep.

What happens if leaky gut goes untreated?

If you leave leaky gut untreated, the higher gut porosity might lead to lingering swelling. This can cause many health problems, including autoimmune disorders, gut diseases and potentially other conditions.

Can leaky gut cause weight gain?

While there’s no direct evidence that leaky gut itself causes weight gain, factors linked to leaky gut (like a bad diet, swelling, or stress) may also play a part in weight gain or hard time losing weight.

How long does it take to heal leaky gut syndrome?

The time it takes to heal leaky gut syndrome might vary depending on the person, depth of the harm and how well the treatment works. Changes in diet and lifestyle, as well as extras, may take several weeks or months to show clear improvements in gut health. Being constant and sticking to a healthy lifestyle are key for long-term success in healing leaky gut.

References:

  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Alcohol and Gut-Derived Inflammation [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5513683
  2. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Leaky Gut: Effect of Dietary Fiber and Fats on Microbiome and Intestinal Barrier [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305009
  3. British Medical Journal (BMJ). Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k2179
  4. ScienceDirect. Systematic Review [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221295881730160X
  5. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal Permeability Regulation by Tight Junction: Implication on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316216
  6. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Gut microbiota’s effect on mental health: The gut-brain axis [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5641835
  7. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5440529
  8. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Can probiotics benefit children with autism spectrum disorders? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5155168
  9. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Possible Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6539237
  10. ScienceDirect. Detection of <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> toxin genes in the gut microbiota of autistic children [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S107599641730029X?via%3Dihub
  11. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Differential immune responses and microbiota profiles in children with autism spectrum disorders and co-morbid gastrointestinal symptoms [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953830
  12. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Alterations in intestinal permeability [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856434
  13. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Tight Junctions, Intestinal Permeability, and Autoimmunity Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Paradigms [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886850
  14. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal Permeability and its Regulation by Zonulin: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3458511
  15. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: the biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21248165
  16. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Rapid disruption of intestinal barrier function by gliadin involves altered expression of apical junctional proteins [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099460
  17. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability – a new target for disease prevention and therapy [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253991
  18. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Dietary fructose and intestinal barrier: potential risk factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679262
  19. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal Barrier Function: Molecular Regulation and Disease Pathogenesis [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266989
  20. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability, leaky gut, and intestinal disorders [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10980980
  21. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability in the pathogenesis of NSAID-induced enteropathy [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148789
  22. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Impairment of the intestinal barrier by ethanol involves enteric microflora and mast cell activation in rodents [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16565490
  23. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Effects of vitamin A supplementation on intestinal barrier function, growth, total parasitic, and specific Giardia spp infections in Brazilian children: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20038852
  24. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Zinc and gastrointestinal disease [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4231515
  25. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Systemic inflammation increases intestinal permeability during experimental human endotoxemia [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295480
  26. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22314561
  27. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Gastrointestinal Candida colonisation promotes sensitisation against food antigens by affecting the mucosal barrier in mice [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856330
  28. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1489998
  29. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Leaky gut and diabetes mellitus: what is the link? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21382153
  30. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Leaking gut in type 1 diabetes [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19122519
  31. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Zonulin upregulation is associated with increased gut permeability in subjects with type 1 diabetes and their relatives [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16644703
  32. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Increased gastrointestinal permeability is an early lesion in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10198339
  33. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The primary defect in experimental ileitis originates from a nonhematopoietic source [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16505137
  34. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Epithelial dysfunction associated with the development of colitis in conventionally housed mdr1a-/- mice [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774938
  35. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn’s disease and their relatives. A possible etiologic factor [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3777713
  36. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Abnormal intestinal permeability in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22731729
  37. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in Crohn’s disease [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9111522
  38. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability and irritable bowel syndrome [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17593135
  39. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability in patients with irritable bowel syndrome after a waterborne outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Walkerton, Ontario [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15606393
  40. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Abnormal intestinal permeability in subgroups of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndromes [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16771951
  41. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability in patients with adverse reactions to food [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16880015
  42. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The intestinal permeability test applied to the diagnosis of food allergy in paediatrics [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7817543
  43. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability defects: Is it time to treat? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758766
  44. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Abnormal permeability precedes the development of a gluten sensitive enteropathy in Irish setter dogs [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1906829
  45. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability in long-term follow-up of patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15844719
  46. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Alterations of the intestinal barrier in patients with autism spectrum disorders and in their first-degree relatives [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20683204
  47. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Abnormal intestinal permeability in children with autism [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888921
  48. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Gut permeability in autism spectrum disorders [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24339339
  49. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Gut-Brain Axis: The Missing Link in Depression [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662178
  50. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal microbiota, probiotics and mental health: from Metchnikoff to modern advances: Part II – contemporary contextual research [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601973
  51. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604320
  52. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Increased intestinal permeability in atopic eczema [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3745938
  53. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability in patients with atopic eczema [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3919753
  54. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Intestinal permeability in patients with eczema and food allergy [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6112605
  55. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Comparison with ancestral diets suggests dense acellular carbohydrates promote an inflammatory microbiota, and may be the primary dietary cause of leptin resistance and obesity [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3402009
  56. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A systematic review and meta-analysis: probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19220890
  57. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice — an evidence-based international guide [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23981066
  58. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and small intestinal permeability in children with atopic dermatitis [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15520759
  59. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Probiotic supplementation affects markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation, and inflammation in trained men; a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992437
  60. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota in consumers and non-consumers of yogurt [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17217568
  61. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Contrasting effects of fresh and fermented kimchi consumption on gut microbiota composition and gene expression related to metabolic syndrome in obese Korean women [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688926
  62. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Impact of increasing fruit and vegetables and flavonoid intake on the human gut microbiota [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757793
  63. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Prebiotic fiber modulation of the gut microbiota improves risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22555633
  64. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367209
  65. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Leaky Gut: Mechanisms, Measurement and Clinical Implications in Humans [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6790068
  66. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Small intestinal microbial dysbiosis underlies symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6494866
  67. PubMed. Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31076401
  68. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Dietary Carbohydrates and Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Leaky Gut Syndrome: An Overview [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7664638
  69. PubMed. Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22314561
  70. PubMed. Intestinal permeability in the pathogenesis of NSAID-induced enteropathy [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19148789
  71. PubMed. Antibiotics induced intestinal tight junction barrier dysfunction is associated with microbiota dysbiosis, activated NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31211803
  72. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Health Effects and Sources of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6041804
  73. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070119
  74. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Effects of Sweeteners on the Gut Microbiota: A Review of Experimental Studies and Clinical Trials [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6363527
  75. PubMed. Probiotic supplementation affects markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation, and inflammation in trained men; a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22992437
  76. PubMed. Zinc supplementation tightens “leaky gut” in Crohn’s disease [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11383597
  77. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Glutamine supplementation reduces markers of intestinal permeability during running in the heat in a dose-dependent manner [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5694515
  78. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Gelatin tannate reduces the proinflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide in human intestinal epithelial cells [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358810
  79. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Regulative effects of curcumin spice administration on gut microbiota and its pharmacological implications [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5553098
  80. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Investigating Gut Permeability in Animal Models of Disease [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6341294
  81. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Increased human intestinal barrier permeability plasma biomarkers zonulin and FABP2 correlated with plasma LPS and altered gut microbiome in anxiety or depression [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5851874
  82. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8100306
  83. PubMed. Altered intestinal permeability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A pilot study [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27270497
  84. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The “Leaky Gut”: Tight Junctions but Loose Associations? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193723
  85. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Leaky Gut: Mechanisms, Measurement and Clinical Implications in Humans [Internet]. [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6790068/#:~:text=Second%2C%20although%20allergens,models%20of%20disease.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

You may also like

Subscribe
Notify of
guest
0 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments