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Evening Primrose Oil Benefits: A Research-Based Guide to Health Improvements

By Dr. Shubham Pandey +2 more

Key Highlights: 

  • Evening primrose oil is a supplement extracted from the seeds of the evening primrose plant. 
  • It contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. 
  • Potential health benefits of evening primrose oil include improving skin health, easing premenstrual syndrome symptoms, and reducing inflammation. 
  • Some specific conditions that may benefit from evening primrose oil include menopause, diabetic neuropathy, and osteoporosis. 
  • Consult a healthcare professional before using evening primrose oil, as it may interact with certain medications and cause side effects. 
     

Introduction 

Evening Primrose Oil, often referred to as EPO, is a plant-based supplement. It’s been catching people’s attention due to its vast range of proposed health benefits. Made from evening primrose plant seeds, this oil is packed with essential fatty acids. In particular, it’s rich in the omega-6 fatty acid called gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). 

In this article, we’ll delve deep into the many potential health benefits linked to evening primrose oil, as guided by science. We’ll also give a detailed guide on how to use it and any possible side effects. Lastly, we will answer some frequently asked questions regarding this topic.  

evening primrose oil benefits

Did you know?

What is Evening Primrose Oil? 

Evening Primrose Oil is a natural supplement. It’s made from the seeds of the evening primrose plant. This plant has been celebrated for its potential health benefits for ages. Now, we can easily access its potential gifts through capsules, creams, and other products. 

Origin and history 

The evening primrose plant grows in North America and Europe. It has long been used there to manage medical conditions. The oil was often used to handle skin problems, fix hormonal problems, and reduce inflammation.  

Extraction process 

Evening primrose seeds give us its oil. A cold-press method helps us get it. This method helps retain the good parts of the oil, like its high GLA content. After we’ve got the oil, it may be used as a supplement or put directly onto the skin. 

Active components 

Evening primrose oil primarily contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid. Evidence shows that GLA is proposed to have strong anti-inflammatory benefits. The oil also houses other essential fatty acids like linoleic acid and oleic acid. 

Potential Health Benefits of Evening Primrose Oil 

Evening primrose oil has piqued researchers’ interest because of its proposed health benefits. Below we will be discussing the potential benefits of evening primrose oil.  

1. Improving skin health 

Evening primrose oil is said to work well for your skin. It is supposed to have properties that fight inflammation and boost moisture levels. 

2. Acne  

Evening primrose oil’s GLA seems to reduce inflammation that comes with acne. Furthermore, it may help balance hormones that can affect acne. 

3. Eczema relief 

Evening primrose oil’s GLA may help manage eczema symptoms by reducing inflammation and keeping the skin healthy. Yet, more research is needed in this area as the results so far have been mixed. 

4. Enhancing overall skin health 

Regular use of evening primrose oil may lead to better skin hydration, elasticity, and firmness. This makes the skin look and feel good. 

5. Easing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms 

GLA in evening primrose oil is proposed to ease PMS symptoms like breast tenderness, irritability, and bloating. 

6. Reducing breast pain 

GLA’s anti-inflammatory traits may lessen breast pain. However, more studies are needed to confirm this. 

7. Alleviating menopause-related hot flashes 

Some evidence suggests evening primrose oil may lessen the heat of hot flashes that come with menopause. We need more research to solidify these findings. 

8. Boosting heart health 

Evening primrose oil may support heart health and shift cholesterol levels in a positive direction, due to its richness in essential fatty acids. Further research is required. 

9. Improves Nerve pain 

Evening primrose oil may improve neuropathic pain linked to diabetes by tackling inflammation and aiding nerve function. 

10. Reduces bone pain 

Evening primrose oil may help with bone pain from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis due to its potent anti-inflammatory effects. 

11. Improving eye and vision health 

Evening primrose oil may promote eye health by reducing inflammation and improving blood flow to the eyes. 

12. Reducing inflammation 

The anti-inflammatory traits of GLA in evening primrose oil make may aid it in tackling inflammation all over the body. 

1. Evening Primrose Oil for Specific Conditions 

Evening primrose oil may be particularly useful for certain conditions described below.  

2. Menopause and premenstrual syndrome 

Some studies see promise in evening primrose oil for easing hot flashes, and other menopausal symptoms, and alleviating PMS symptoms. Yet, we do need more research to reinforce these findings. 

3. Diabetic neuropathy 

Evening primrose oil has shown good signs of lessening nerve pain linked to diabetic neuropathy. This may be due to its anti-inflammatory nature. More evidence is needed to support this use.  

4. Osteoporosis 

Evening primrose oil, paired with fish oil and calcium, seems beneficial in slowing down bone loss. This suggests it may play a part in managing osteoporosis. 

5. Scleroderma and Raynaud’s phenomenon 

Scleroderma results in skin thickening and hardening. Raynaud’s phenomenon, often tied to scleroderma, can lead to numbness in fingers and other parts. Small studies have looked at evening primrose oil for aid. But, we need more research to validate its effectiveness. 

Although studies have shown health beneficial properties in primrose oil, more large-scale human research is needed to confirm these effects. 

A fun and lesser-known fact is that long ago, Native Americans used evening primrose plants to make healing compresses for bruises and wounds. In the 17th century, evening primrose oil gained fame in Europe and was even called the “King’s cure-all.”

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D

Safety and Side Effects of Evening Primrose Oil 

Although evening primrose oil is usually safe for short-term use, it is important to know about possible risks and side effects. 

Recommendations for usage 

If you’re thinking of using evening primrose oil, first discuss with your healthcare provider. This is especially important if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or have health issues. Always follow the dosage and instructions on the product label, and heed any advice given by your healthcare provider. 

Potential risks 

Evening primrose oil does come with some rare risks, like allergies or, in very rare cases, seizures (specifically in schizophrenic patients). Be cautious when adding any new supplement to your diet, and always inform your healthcare provider about all supplements you’re taking. 

1. Adverse reactions 

Common side effects of short-term use of evening primrose oil can be an upset stomach, headache, and soft stools. If you notice any severe or unexpected side effects, stop taking it and check in with your healthcare provider. 

2. Contraindications 

If you have epilepsy or schizophrenia, avoid using evening primrose oil. It may raise the risk of seizures. Also, if you’re taking blood thinners, blood pressure medications, or lithium, be cautious with evening primrose oil due to possible interactions. 

3. Interactions with medications and supplements 

Evening primrose oil might interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, blood pressure medications, and lithium. If you’re on any prescription drugs, always tell your doctor if you are going to start using evening primrose oil to avoid any unwanted reactions. 

To my knowledge, other than omega-6 fatty acids, EPO also contains other beneficial components like triterpenes, phenolic acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols, all potentially good for your health.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Regulation and Quality Control 

To make sure that your evening primrose oil supplement is high-quality, it’s important to know about production guidelines and product purity. 

  • Guidelines for manufacturing 

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) doesn’t regulate supplements as strictly as prescription medications. So, it falls on manufacturers to check the safety, quality, and efficacy of their products. Pick brands known for producing high-quality, reliable supplements, and see if they stick to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). 

  • Ensuring product purity and potency 

To ensure the purity and power of your evening primrose oil supplement, go for a brand that uses cold-pressed oil extraction methods. It’s also crucial to pick supplements free from pollutants and made-up additives. 

Also Read: Benefits of Drinking Amla Juice in Empty Stomach: A Comprehensive Guide to Wellness

Conclusion 

Evening primrose oil presents a broad array of potential health benefits. It may help improve skin health, ease PMS symptoms, and reduce inflammation, among other things. Yet, more research is needed to confirm many of these benefits and to work out the optimal dosage and duration of use for each person. 

Before starting evening primrose oil into your wellness routine, discuss with a healthcare professional. They can help you assess your unique needs and possible risks. With their guidance, evening primrose oil might become a useful asset in boosting your overall health and well-being. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

What does evening primrose oil do to female hormones? 

Research shows that evening primrose oil may help balance hormone levels. It may also help tackle symptoms tied to hormonal balances, such as acne and PMS. 

How does evening primrose oil help with sleep? 

While research is very limited to how evening primrose oil and sleep are connected, some report it helps them sleep better. This might be due to its role in reducing inflammation and boosting overall health. 

When should a woman take primrose oil? 

Always check with a healthcare professional before using evening primrose oil. They can help you figure out the right dosage and timing based on your universal needs and health issues. 

When should you not take evening primrose oil? 

Avoid using evening primrose oil if you have epilepsy, schizophrenia, or if you’re on certain medications. This includes blood thinners and blood pressure medications due to possible interactions.

What are the benefits of taking evening primrose oil capsules? 

Evening primrose oil may come with a host of health benefits. These may include improved skin health, hormonal balance, reduced inflammation, and relief from conditions like menopause, diabetic neuropathy, and osteoporosis. 

References: 

  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037798 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Evening Primrose ( Oenothera biennis ) Biological Activity Dependent on Chemical Composition [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6116039 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Lipid Mediators in Acne [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943135 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil for the Prevention of Xerotic Cheilitis in Acne Patients Being Treated with Isotretinoin: A Pilot Study [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252667 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Diet and eczema: a review of dietary supplements for the treatment of atopic dermatitis [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5006549 
  1. Cochrane Library. Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004416.pub2/full 
  1. ScienceDirect. The emerging principles for acne biogenesis: A dermatological problem of puberty [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452231717300064 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters and Nutrition of Patients Treated with Isotretinoin for Acne Vulgaris: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002552 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Effect of Evening Primrose Oil on Korean Patients With Mild Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6029968 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Evening Primrose ( Oenothera biennis ) Oil in Management of Female Ailments [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6718646 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Evening Primrose Oil for Mastalgia Treatment [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8296106 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Capsule on Hot Flashes and Night Sweats in Postmenopausal Women: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8102809 
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Heart Disease Facts [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm 
  1. PubMed. Effect of evening primrose oil supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32441049 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Potential Role of Fatty Acids in Treating Diabetic Neuropathy [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6816026 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Compare the effect of flaxseed, evening primrose oil and Vitamin E on duration of periodic breast pain [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5651668 
  1. American Heart Association. Inflammation and Heart Disease [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/inflammation-and-heart-disease 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Clinical Benefits of n -3 PUFA and ɤ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409664 

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