A cough is our body’s response in defence against irritating or obstructing substances. It helps to keep the airways clear, so we can breathe easily. It is called a dry or unproductive cough when the cough doesn’t produce any mucus or phlegm. Although coughing is a useful reflex, a persistent dry cough is one of the most annoying symptoms one can have. It not only irritates your throat but can also hamper your daily activity.
Although, coughing is usually due to non-threatening causes, a dry cough can also occur in infections like COVID-19. This makes it important for us to take extra care of our throat and respiratory system. In this blog, we will talk about some simple and effective home remedies that can help soothe a dry cough. We will also discuss about the causes of a dry cough and how it is different from wet cough. So, let’s dive in further!
A dry cough can be the result of various factors, and understanding dry cough causes is essential for effective management. The causes of dry cough are as follows1:
It is important to know the underlying cause for a persistent cough for appropriate treatment, yet people may use over-the-counter drugs to get instant relief. While you must stick to your doctor’s advice and not self-medicate, there are some simple remedies you may try at home to manage a dry cough.
If you’re wondering how to get rid of a dry cough, then these are quick and effective home remedies that you can try:
It is important for people with a cough or cold to stay warm and hydrated. A quick and effective dry cough remedy can be drinking hot beverages as these may help relieve your symptoms fast. Warm water, clear broths, herbal teas may soothe a dry cough by moistening the throat, easing irritation, and promoting relaxation. However, immediate relief varies from person to person.
Gargling with salt water is one of the most effective home remedies for managing a sore throat and cough. It reduces the inflammation of the throat and controls the bouts of cough2.
Mix half a teaspoon of salt into a cup of warm water until it dissolves completely. Now, let the mixture cool down a bit and then use it to gargle.
Ginger can easily be found in many teas and even some food items. It is the first home remedy that comes to our minds whenever we think about cough. Ginger contains compounds like gingerol, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which may help reduce inflammation in the airways and support the immune system. Its anti-inflammatory properties might help alleviate congestion and irritation in the respiratory tract. There is evidence that ginger may suppress the cough reflex by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways3.
For those trying to get rid of a dry cough, ginger tea is an excellent option. Adding honey to this tea can make it even more effective for a dry cough.
Raw honey is one of the oldest home remedies to manage cough. It helps to soothe your throat and reduce irritation. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties that may potentially fight minor bacterial or viral infections4.
You can add 2 teaspoons of honey to a glass full of warm water and drink it once daily. Also, you can use honey as a substitute for the sugar in your tea.
Turmeric is widely known for its antiseptic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory benefits. It can help your body recover from infections faster. Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation in the airways, potentially easing symptoms of cough and asthma. Turmeric is beneficial to treat upper respiratory conditions, bronchitis, and tonsillitis too5. However, it is not a primary treatment for these and should not replace prescribed medications.
You can make your regular tea and add half a teaspoon of turmeric into it, or else add it to warm milk with honey and have before sleeping.
Licorice root, commonly known as Mulethi, has been used since ages in the ayurvedic medicine system. It is known to reduce pain, clear phlegm, and ease cough. Licorice root tea may help to reduce throat irritation and congestion.6
It is commonly available in any grocery shop and can be chewed raw or added to a hot cup of tea.
Marshmallow root is another ancient herb that can be beneficial for treating a dry cough. Although more research is needed, some studies7 have suggested its effectiveness in soothing the throat and reducing the irritation caused by a dry cough.
Mint leaves although have a cooling effect can be beneficial for easing throat irritation. They contain a compound called menthol, which may help numb the throat nerves and consequently reduce dry cough. It also helps in clearing the congestion of the throat.
While most studies8 on menthol discuss about inhaling its vapour, you may also consume mint leaves. Just add 3-5 leaves to your tea and boil it for a few minutes before drinking. This can be a quick and effective home remedy for relieving dry cough.
Chilli peppers contain a compound called Capsaicin. This compound binds to pain receptors and causes the burning sensation we feel when we eat spicy food. Initial studies9 have shown that consuming a controlled amount of chili powder (which contains capsaicin) can help desensitize some of cough receptors and thereby control dry cough to some extent. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.
Aromatherapy or using essential oils for healing has several applications. It can be used to ease a dry cough as well. For this, you can add a few drops of eucalyptus oil to hot water and inhale its vapours, although other oils like tea tree and peppermint oil may also be used. Since existing research10 literature has proven the benefits of eucalyptus oil in the treatment of respiratory illnesses, this can be a great home remedy for dry cough.
Using humidifiers can also help ease coughing. Humidifiers keep the air moist, which helps soothe the throat and temporarily suppress the symptoms of dry cough. A study11 has relieved that humidifier can help soothe throat irritation and reduce coughing in people recovering from thyroid surgeries, where the throat may be more sensitive.
Thyme is a herb that has multiple health benefits. It may serve as a natural dry cough treatment as it contains an antispasmodic compound that helps to relax muscles. As a result, regular consumption of controlled amounts of thyme tea can greatly help to soothe the throat muscles and provide long-term relief from constant coughing.
A lot of these home remedies have been scientifically researched and have shown potential benefits for managing a dry cough; however, further large-scale human trials can help corroborate these findings.
While these may be effective for managing a persistent dry cough, it’s important to use them in moderation as they may have some side effects when used excessively. Also, if you have any medical conditions or are on any medications, it’s best to discuss with your healthcare provider before incorporating any home remedy including these in your routine diet.
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies For Dry Throat
Sometimes, the dry cough may be persistent and stubborn and home remedies may not be effective against it. A persistent cough may also be a symptom of serious underlying conditions, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), lung cancer, or heart disease, which can worsen if left untreated.
Usually, a persistent cough combined with two or more of the below-mentioned symptoms indicates a more serious issue:
For instance, persistent coughing is a common indicator of IPF, but it is generally accompanied by some other symptoms like shortness of breath as well. Hence, it’s essential to consult a doctor particularly in such cases to understand the cause of a dry cough for proper management.
Also Read: What is Influenza (Flu) & Its Types
A persistent dry cough is one of the most dreadful symptoms one can have. It is usually because of viral infections, allergies or postnasal dripping, but in certain cases, it can be due to some underlying serious medical conditions. Hence, it is always advised to visit your doctor and get a proper check-up done in case of a persistent cough, especially that associated with other symptoms, to rule out any major issues. Alongside, you can try out some effective home remedies mentioned in this blog. While further evidence would be useful, most of these are research-backed for easing an itchy throat and soothing a dry cough. So, these remedies are definitely worth giving a try!
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies For Fungal Infections!
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum), often known as Til, is a flowering plant in the Sesamum genus. It is farmed for its edible seeds, which are produced in pods, and has become widely naturalized in tropical locations around the world. In 201823, the top producers were Sudan, Myanmar, and India. The cultivated type, S. indicum, is from India.
Sesame seeds may be small, but they pack a powerful punch when it comes to nutrition and health benefits. These tiny, oil-rich seeds have been a staple in cuisines and traditional medicine for centuries. Whether sprinkled on salads, blended into tahini, or used as a topping for bread, sesame seeds offer a unique combination of flavor and wellness. Sesame oil is most widely utilized in bakeries. The oil content of sesame is among the greatest of any seed. It is a common component in cuisines across the world because of its rich, nutty flavour.
Protein, vitamin B1, dietary fiber, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, and zinc are all abundant in sesame seeds. Here are the nutritional components of sesame seeds per 100 grams3.
Studies have revealed that sesame seeds are not only packed with nutrients but also have an impressive composition. They contain approximately 21.9% protein and 61.7% fat17, making them a great source of these essential macronutrients. No wonder they have earned the reputation of being an ‘all-purpose nutrient bank’ and even the illustrious title of the ‘crown of eight grains.’
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
It is widely utilized for medicinal applications due to the presence of some unique phytochemicals. It may have following properties2.
It is a powerful energy source. Its seeds may be utilized for their various health-promoting properties, while its seed coat, a byproduct of sesame and a valuable source of fibers, may be a source for animal feedstuff2. Sesame seeds provide a wide range of health benefits, which are detailed below:
Plant polyphenols found in sesame seeds can aid hair health. Because of the vitamins and minerals in sesame seed oil, it is frequently massaged into the scalp, which may help with premature greying and hair growth2. The amino acids and antioxidants in sesame seed oil may also help dull hair regain its lustre. It can also be used to hydrate a dry scalp and prevent hair from the harmful effects of the sun and pollutants20. However, more research is required to prove such effects of sesame seeds.
Natural oil-soluble plant lignans found in sesame seeds may aid in the treatment of hypertension5. Furthermore, magnesium has long been recognised as a vasodilator (a substance that lowers blood pressure). Thus, it may have some effect on your heart health. However, it is advisable to consult a doctor for heart-related issues.
Did you know that sesame seeds, along with nuts and legumes, are not just delicious additions to your meals but also fantastic sources of phytosterols1? These magical compounds might have the power to maximize cholesterol reduction in your body.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Sesame seeds have a higher content of fibre that may be beneficial for good digestion. It may also help with symptoms like constipation6 and diarrhoea while also protecting the colon and lowering the risk of gastrointestinal disorders. You must consult a doctor for its benefits for digestion.
Sesame seeds may be useful in managing diabetes. It may have an effect on blood glucose levels and reduce or delay the absorption of glucose in the body7. However, serious conditions like diabetes must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
Also Read: Diet Tips for Gestational Diabetes
Anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of sesame seeds and sesame seed oil are owing to sesamol, a bioactive substance found in sesame seeds. It might be responsible for preventing pro-inflammatory chemical synthesis.
It may also lower the number of reactive oxygen species produced. Sesame seeds or seed oil may help to reduce the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis because of their qualities8, 9. Pain and inflammation may be reduced by massaging joints with sesame seed oil11. However, since insufficient studies are available, for conditions of bones, it is important to consult your medical practitioner for advice, as the herb may have different effects on individuals.
The effects of sesame seeds on dental health may be perhaps the most apparent. Sesame seed oil pulling may have antibacterial and astringent effects on many aspects of dental health.
It may also be linked to lowering the presence of Streptococcus bacteria, a common bacterium that can cause problems in the mouth. Oil pulling with sesame oil can help reduce dental plaque as well as improve gum health10. You must consult a qualified dentist for proper advice and guidance.
Sesame seeds can aid in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. They might have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Sesame seeds may reduce the formation of pro-inflammatory molecules that may be linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, they might manage Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting the damage induced by reactive oxygen species to brain cells 12, 13. You must always consult a qualified professional for diagnosis and treatment.
Sesame seeds aid in the treatment of anaemia14. Iron is abundant in sesame seeds. They help in the production of haemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells in the body. This effect of sesame seeds will need further studies to provide scientific evidence.
Due to its anxiolytic impact, sesame seeds can be beneficial in the treatment of anxiety. They might also have antioxidant capabilities, which aid in the elimination of free radicals and the reduction of stress-related anxiety15. You must consult a doctor and consume any herb only under their supervision.
Zinc is an important component of sesame seeds. Zinc is a necessary component in the synthesis of collagen, which helps strengthen muscle tissue, hair, and skin. Thus, consuming sesame seeds can help improve the health of hair and skin.
Due to the presence of antioxidants, sesame seed oil is helpful to the skin, and applying it to the face overnight softens and tightens the skin4. Because of its antibacterial and antifungal characteristics, it improves wound healing.
They prevent wound infection while also boosting wound healing. They fight common skin diseases with antibacterial and antifungal properties. They are also beneficial for wound healing because they help promote collagen production and cell proliferation16.
Though studies show the benefits of sesame seeds against various disease conditions, these studies are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of sesame seeds on human health.
Not only are sesame seeds a great source of protein, but the protein they contain is also complete. In fact, the ratio of essential amino acid content in sesame protein is remarkably similar to that of the human body. This means that sesame seeds may provide us with all the essential amino acids our bodies need for optimal health17.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Also Read: Halim Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh
Sesame seeds are available in six different forms:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking sesame seeds or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
The historical text ‘Shennong Ben Cao Jing’ provides insights into the traditional medicinal uses of sesame seeds. According to this ancient document, sesame seeds were believed to have therapeutic properties, possibly in taking care of injuries, nourishing internal organs, boosting energy, promoting muscle growth, and replenishing the bone marrow.
Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
The majority of studies have determined that sesame seeds are safe to eat and have no negative effects17. Excessive sesame seeds can result in some of the adverse effects described below.
It’s amazing how adding ground sesame seeds to salads can enhance the absorption of fat-soluble phytonutrients found in greens. Not only that, but sesame seeds also contain lignans, which are compounds known for their potential anti-cancer properties. These lignans may play a role in reducing the occurrence of breast cancer22.
Dr. Ashok Pal, B.A.M.S.
Before consuming sesame seeds, seek medical counsel if you have one or more of these conditions.
Also Read: 14 Amazing Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds!
It is critical to remember that none of these medications should be used with sesame seeds.
Also Read: Chia Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!
Raw sesame seeds are a delicious snack (hulled or unhulled). You can toast and bake them as well.
Consume one tablespoon of raw or roasted sesame seeds every day, or season salads with sesame seeds to taste.
Sesame seeds cause the fertilised ovum to be ejected by stimulating the uterine muscles. Sesame seeds should be avoided by all pregnant women throughout the first three to four months of pregnancy, according to experts.
Sesame seeds can be sprinkled in salads, stir-fries, and soups. Sesame seeds can be toasted to make them crunchier and to enhance their flavour. Sesame seeds can be toasted by spreading them out on a baking dish and roasting them at 350°F for 5-10 minutes.
Keep sesame seeds in an airtight container in a cool and dry place.
To make sesame oil at home, toast the seeds until golden brown, then combine them with your favourite cooking oil and blend until smooth. The sesame oil develops on top of the components at this point. Refrigerate sesame oil for up to two years so you can use it in a variety of dishes.
Yes, Sesame seeds, both black and white, are gluten-free.
No, Sesame oil, on the other hand, aids in the regulation of excess oils and has a healing impact on the skin.
Yes, sesame seeds can be frozen. Sesame seeds have a storage life of 6-8 months at room temperature and up to a year if refrigerated.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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In recent years, many people have become increasingly interested in how to support or maintain a healthy immune system. Questions such as “How can I improve my immunity?” or “How can I support my body’s natural defences?” are more common than ever.
People often seek ways to strengthen their immunity through various means, including medicines, diets, exercise routines, and lifestyle changes. However, it is important to understand that consuming a variety of so-called ‘superfoods’ alone will not guarantee good health. Instead, a balanced and nutritious diet, when combined with other healthy habits, can play a key role in supporting the body’s immune function1.
The immune system is our body’s natural defence mechanism. When harmful microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses enter the body, the immune system responds to help defend against them. White blood cells (WBCs) are particularly important in this process and are a key component of immune function.
Foods that support the immune system typically contain a combination of essential vitamins, minerals, proteins, antioxidants, and other beneficial compounds. These nutrients work together to help maintain the normal functioning of the body’s natural defence mechanisms.
Spinach and broccoli are packed with important nutrients such as antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre. These components are known to support the body’s natural immune function and contribute to overall health2.
Green leafy vegetables also contain bioactive compounds that may help maintain gut health, which plays a vital role in the body’s immune response. Whenever possible, it is advisable to consume such vegetables raw or lightly cooked, as this can help preserve their nutritional value.
Antioxidants are important for maintaining a healthy immune system. Nuts like almonds, walnuts, and cashews are rich in vitamin E, a key antioxidant. Almonds also provide protein and healthy fats, which help sustain energy levels. A small handful daily can be a nutritious addition to your diet3.
Ginger and garlic are well-known for both their flavour and traditional use in home remedies. Ginger contains natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while garlic provides allicin, which may support the body’s defences4,5. A cup of ginger tea daily can be a comforting addition to a balanced routine.
Indian spices such as turmeric, clove, asafetida, pepper, and cinnamon are traditionally used for their potential health-supporting properties. Turmeric, which contains the compound curcumin, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
These spices are often combined in a herbal decoction, commonly known as kadha, which is traditionally consumed to support overall wellbeing and the body’s natural defences6.
Yogurt and smoothies are enjoyable foods that may support immune health. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria found in the gut, play a role in digestion and overall wellbeing. Low-fat yoghurt and other fermented dairy products are good sources of probiotics, as well as proteins, fats, and vitamins that contribute to a balanced diet7.
Plant-based foods are gaining popularity due to their rich nutritional content. When included as part of a balanced diet, such foods may help support the body’s natural immune function.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: 10 Best Foods For A Healthy Gut System
Button mushrooms are rich in selenium and B vitamins, which contribute to maintaining the body’s natural defences. A mushroom omelette combined with vegetables can be a nutritious addition to a balanced diet8.
Whether it is chicken, red meat, beef, pork, or seafood, these foods provide valuable protein, which is essential for the body to build and repair tissues. For many, a bowl of chicken soup is comforting when unwell. Proteins in chicken supply amino acids that support the body’s natural immune responses. Additionally, shellfish such as oysters and crabs are rich sources of zinc, a mineral important for maintaining overall health9,10.
Egg yolks are rich in nutrients that support overall health. Eggs provide vitamin D and proteins, both of which contribute to the maintenance of normal bodily functions, including the immune system11.
Sweet potato pancakes with eggs are popular among children and can be a nutritious choice. Sweet potatoes are rich in beta-carotene, a nutrient that supports the healthy functioning of white blood cells, which play a role in the body’s natural defence mechanisms12.
Berries such as blueberry, elderberry, and acai berry are rich in antioxidants, which contribute to maintaining overall health and supporting the body’s natural defences13.
Citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes are excellent sources of vitamin C. This vitamin contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system and overall health14.
Brown rice is good source of magnesium, a mineral that supports the healthy functioning of the nervous system15.
A cup of black tea can help refresh your mood and provides antioxidants that support overall health. Various teas, including green tea and anise tea, contain polyphenols and flavonoids, compounds known for their antioxidant properties16.
Also Read: Cold Water Vs Warm Water – Which One Should You Drink?
In addition to consuming nutritious foods that support the immune system, there are other effective ways to maintain and enhance your immunity, such as:
Moringa (Drumstick leaves) is a nutritious plant that contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. It is recognised for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to its overall health-supporting potential. Some preliminary studies suggest that moringa leaves may help support the body’s immune system.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Also Read: What Is Hantavirus? Symptoms, Causes, & Effective Prevention
Supporting the immune system requires more than relying on specific “superfoods” or quick fixes. A balanced diet rich in a variety of nutritious foods, combined with healthy lifestyle habits such as regular exercise, adequate sleep, good hygiene, and stress management, plays a vital role in maintaining your body’s natural defences. By making these practical and sustainable choices, you can help strengthen your immunity and promote overall wellbeing for the long term.
Also Read: Worst Foods for Diarrhea, According to Experts
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Delhi can’t breathe! The thick grey haze that has enveloped the National Capital Territory has left the entire country worried. Recently, Delhi’s Air Quality Index has been fluctuating between 350 and 450 in many areas for the last few weeks. Delhi and surrounding cities are experiencing severe air pollution. This can adversely affect people’s health. Delhi is in the middle of a climate emergency.
What has triggered it? And how can the residents of Delhi save themselves from pollution? Read on to find out.
Delhi is gasping, and so are its people. For weeks, a heavy grey cloud has taken over the city, pushing the AQI to a shocking 350–450 in several areas. Eyes burn, throats itch, and the air smells of smoke. It’s not just pollution anymore. Delhi is standing in the middle of a climate emergency.
But here’s the real question:
What suddenly pushed the city into this hazardous haze? And more importantly, what can residents actually do to protect themselves right now? The answers are deeper (and more urgent) than most people think. Let’s uncover what’s really happening and how Delhi can fight back.
Delhi’s ‘hazard’ levels of pollution are due to the interplay of multiple factors:
Seasonal Influence: These pollutants are then trapped over the city due to low wind speeds and cold temperatures, which makes the air heavier and exacerbates the problem, especially during the winter season.
The risk of death significantly increases with long-term exposure to polluted air. For instance, people susceptible to heart disease are at higher risk.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)
Delhi’s pollution levels are indeed a health emergency. Every year during November and December, Delhi’s PM2.5 (pollutant particles with a radius of 2.5 micrometres) level exceeds 300 or sometimes 400 – the normal range of PM2.5 level is 0-50. This puts Delhi in the ‘severe’ category for air pollution.
These particles directly enter our bloodstream through the lungs, causing severe damage that affects the body in multiple ways.
Air pollution is also linked to lung damage and limited lung function. Air pollution can also have an inflammatory effect on the heart; it can elevate blood pressure and aggravate pre-existing conditions of the heart.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)
According to the World Health Organisation, the rising levels of pollution are responsible for nearly one-third of the cases of stroke, heart disorders and lung cancers in Delhi.
Both short and long-term exposure to air pollution can lead to a wide range of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, trachea, bronchus and lung cancers, aggravated asthma and lower respiratory infections. Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable because their bodies, organs and immune systems are still developing.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj , M.B.B.S, M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
To minimise exposure and health risks during severe pollution, the following measures can help:
Air pollution in Delhi and the surrounding areas poses a risk to everyone living there. Adopt the precautionary measures outlined above to protect yourself from the harmful effects of pollution. Consult a doctor when needed. People with pre-existing respiratory illnesses (asthma, COPD, pneumonia, etc), pregnant women, and newborns need extra care and protection from pollutants.
Also Read: Smog: What Is It, Causes and Ways To Protect Yourself From It
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
About one quarter of the world’s population is thought to be infected with Tuberculosis (TB) and with such a huge group of people, widespread Tuberculosis myths are only to be expected1. These misconceptions can lead to delayed diagnoses, fear-driven stigma, and poor treatment outcomes.
In this article, we aim to dispel five of the most common myths associated with tuberculosis, using evidence-based information to promote greater awareness, understanding, and public health literacy.
Fact: Tuberculosis can be contracted by anyone, although certain populations, such as people with comorbidities like diabetes, people with reduced immunity, malnourished people, and people who smoke/drink, are at a greater risk2. Individuals in contact with these people are also at risk.
Contrary to the popular myth that Tuberculosis is lifelong, tuberculosis can be cured with the right treatment, although it depends on drug-susceptibility, adherence, and host factors. ATT (Anti tubercular therapy) is a highly effective way to treat this bacterial infection, which is infact available free of cost by Government of INDIA under the NTEP (National TB Elimination Program). The usual treatment for TB involves a combination of several antibiotics, which need to be taken consistently for a minimum of 6 months.
Fact: A person can be infected with TB bacteria for years without suffering any ill effects. Perhaps 90 percent of all TB infections remain asymptomatic3. Immunocompromised patients (HIV, immunosuppressive therapy, diabetes, malnutrition) are at higher risk, but not every latent TB infection necessarily reactivates and shows symptoms.
If patients are not cured or follow inadequate/irregular treatment and their disease becomes resistant, they then must take second-line drugs. These drugs are administered when first-line drugs fail. Treatment for MDR-TB is commonly administered for 2 years or longer and involves daily injections for six months.
Fact: The BCG vaccine (a weakened live strain of Mycobacterium bovis) is primarily used to protect children from severe forms of TB, such as miliary or meningeal tuberculosis. It may provide variable protection against pulmonary TB in adults, depending on geographic region and exposure, but this protection is not consistent4. In the U.S., universal BCG vaccination is not practiced due to the low incidence of TB and potential interference with tuberculin skin testing, though it may be used in select high-risk individuals, such as children with unavoidable exposure or for certain healthcare workers.
Tuberculosis may also impact the gastrointestinal tract, most common features are fever and abdominal pain that is often relieved by defecation or vomiting.
Fact: Everyone who is infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and has TB has to take ARVs5. The timing of ARV initiation depends on the CD4 count and clinical condition6,7.
Patients with undiagnosed TB who start antiretroviral therapy (ARVs) may develop TB-IRIS (Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome), in which the immune system mounts an exaggerated response to existing TB antigens. This can make TB appear clinically worse, but it does not indicate treatment failure. Proper screening for TB in HIV patients before starting ARVs is therefore essential8.
While active TB infection does not directly increase the risk of lung cancer, healed TB with residual scarring (scar carcinoma) is associated with a slightly higher risk, particularly for a type of lung carcinoma that is adenocarcinoma, due to chronic scarring and inflammation9. Other major risk factors for lung cancer include smoking (cigarettes, cigars, pipes), passive smoke exposure, occupational exposures (asbestos, silica, radon, diesel exhaust), genetic susceptibility, radiation exposure, and chronic lung diseases such as COPD10.
By dispelling these five widespread misconceptions, we intend to clarify the reality of tuberculosis (TB). With the correct information and medical attention, TB is preventable, treatable, and curable. The global endeavour to eradicate tuberculosis must include promoting early detection, combating stigma, and raising awareness. Let’s use the truth to strengthen our communities and dispel fear.
Also Read: What Is Hantavirus? Symptoms, Causes, & Effective Prevention
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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