Brinjal is scientifically known as Solanum melongena L. and belongs to the Solanaceae family. It is an annually growing plant of subtropical and tropical regions, grown extensively for its berry-like fruit. This crop is widely grown in China, Bangladesh, Philippines, India and Pakistan1.
This bushy plant is a rich source of flavonoids, alkaloids, and other bioactive compounds, like arginine, aspartic acids, etc. It has various common names such as Begun (in Bengali), Baigan (in Hindi), Vartaku (in Sanskrit), Vangi (in Marathi), and Brinjal (in English). It is confirmed that there are about 15-20 varieties of brinjals, making them available in a wide variety of colours, shapes, and from various countries. Brinjals have many Ayurvedic medicinal properties; hence, they are also known as the King of Vegetables1,2.
Did You Know?
Brinjals (Baingan) are an essential source of nutrients that are beneficial to human health.
Brinjal is grown mainly for food and medicinal purposes. The bioactive components of this plant might have potential helpful properties1. Some potential properties include:
Including brinjal in your diet may correct your iron balance. Consuming brinjal, which is known to have iron-chelating properties, may be beneficial for pregnant females, lactating mothers, and teenage females. The iron in eggplant has the potential to help with conditions like pre-menstrual syndrome, amenorrhoea, and antenatal anaemia5.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Brinjals are a unique source of nutrients and might be helpful to human health. Brinjals have been used in traditional medicine to manage many diseases4. Some of the potential uses of brinjal are described as follows.
Brinjal is a rich source of fibre and has low soluble carbohydrate levels, making it a potent option for managing type 2 diabetes. Studies4 found that brinjal might help with glucose levels in the blood in diabetic animal models. These studies showed that brinjal might be a good addition to the daily diet to help with oxidative stress, glucose levels and blood pressure in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. However, more studies on humans are required.
Brinjal might effectively help with the digestion of lipids and their absorption into the body, which means that having brinjals regularly will allow you to enjoy your burgers safely too (somewhat at least). It also contains bioactive compounds, which might have the potential to solubilise serum triglycerides (fats) and cholesterol in the body and help manage body weight4. However, there is a requirement for more studies on this subject.
Brinjal might have beneficial effects against different types of cancer, such as lung cancer and gastric (related to the gut) cancer. The dietary fibre present in brinjal might promote the digestion of food. It may also eliminate the toxic wastes from the body that eventually helps with cancer of the stomach or colon4. This may indicate potential benefits of brinjal for cancer, however, studies are insufficient to establish the impact on human health.
Brinjal is composed of fat, vitamins, lots of water and minerals that might help with better skin tone and quality of skin, hair, and nails. It may also help with cancer of the skin2. However, much more extensive research is required in this area to state the above-mentioned potential uses as facts.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of brinjal in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of brinjal on human health.
Based on my experience, consuming a carotenoid-rich diet, such as eggplant, may help address vitamin A deficiency, which is a common problem among school-going children, particularly in developing countries. The carotenoids present in eggplant are easily converted into vitamin A in the body, providing a natural and accessible source of this essential nutrient.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Brinjal can be used in the following ways:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Incorporating dry eggplants into your diet may have potential benefits in the management of stomach bloating, gas, and piles. Dry eggplants are known to possess certain compounds that can help improve digestion, reduce gas formation, and alleviate symptoms associated with piles5.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
In recent years, consumption of brinjal may have caused rare allergic reactions. However, some sensitive individuals are generally affected by a minor class of allergens present in brinjal. The potential allergen is found to be non-protein metabolites. The most common side effects of brinjal are itching of the throat, skin rashes all over the body, discomfort and hoarseness (gruffly voice). If such allergic reactions appear, consult your Ayurvedic physician immediately.
Also Read: Arrowroot Powder: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode
Since allergic reactions are observed with brinjal consumption, general precautions need to be followed to avoid health issues. Please do not use herbs for self-treatment without consultation with a qualified doctor.
Also Read: Peanuts: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More
There is no evidence of the interactions between brinjal and other drugs. However, more research is required to confirm its safety in the presence of a drug.
Also Read: Raw Mango: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode
Yes, the dietary fibre of brinjal might help with bowel movements, which might help with constipation2. However, more research is required to confirm the stated effects.
Brinjal contains iron and is also considered a chelator of iron that might help to capture iron molecules in the body. However, you should consult with a doctor and confirm if it’s entirely safe to eat it during pregnancy2.
Brinjal may have many advantages; it may help with diabetes, paralysis, killing of microorganisms, gas problems, and bone and dental issues. It may also help with stomach bloating, piles and gout2. However, there is a need for much more research to confirm such potential benefits.
Yes, brinjal contains chlorogenic acid and other essential substances that might trigger the immune system and produce antibodies that may be beneficial during viral or microbial infection2. However, more research is required to confirm these effects of brinjal on human health.
Brinjal contains niacin, thiamin, vitamin C, riboflavin, choline, vitamin B6, vitamin A, folate, vitamin K, beta-carotene and vitamin E3.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Mulberry, scientifically known as Morus alba, belongs to the family Morceau. It is considered one of the most significant medicinal plants, valued for its wide-ranging therapeutic uses. The Latin word ‘mor-us’, meaning “oddly enough,” is believed to have influenced the origin of the word “maul.” The genus Morus includes several notable species, such as the native red mulberry (Morus rubra), the East Asian white mulberry (Morus alba), and the southwestern Asian black mulberry (Morus nigra)1,2.
The fruits of mulberry are known as toot or shahtoot (meaning king’s mulberry) are sweet, juicy, and mouth-watering. These fruits grow on deciduous trees found in temperate regions including India, China, Japan, North Africa, Arabia, and Southern Europe. The leaves of the mulberry tree are the sole food source for silkworms and have significant value in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Owing to its diverse benefits, the tree is often referred to as Kalpavriksha, or the “wish-fulfilling tree”2,3.
Mulberry contains a variety of valuable nutritional components. The fruits are particularly rich in organic compounds such as zeaxanthin, anthocyanins, phytonutrients, lutein, resveratrol, and a broad spectrum of other polyphenolic compounds.
Nutritional value of mulberry (raw fruit) per 100 gram4:
Several studies have found that the extracts from various parts of the mulberry plant may possess a range of properties that could support health and wellbeing, as outlined below2:
From my experience, I can say that mulberries offer remarkable potential benefits. Due to their rich content of vitamin C and iron, mulberries may help support individuals with anaemia by contributing to improved iron absorption and overall blood health. However, their use should always be discussed with a healthcare professional9.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Some of the potential benefits of mulberry are described as follows:
Mulberry is rich in iron, a mineral not commonly found in high amounts in most fruits. The presence of iron may support the production of red blood cells, which in turn helps improve the delivery of oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues. This suggests that mulberries might contribute to a healthy metabolism and support the optimal functioning of various bodily systems4.
Mulberries may help to improve digestion as they contain high dietary fibre content. The dietary fibre obtained from a single serving of mulberries is about 1.85 mg for a 100 grams serving4. The dietary fibre in mulberries adds bulk to the stool, which helps to enhance the movement of food through the digestive tract, thereby supporting healthy digestion. This may be beneficial in managing common digestive issues such as stomach cramps, bloating, and constipation3.
Mulberry fruits contain carotenoids, one of which is zea-xanthin. Zea-xanthin acts as an antioxidant and may have potential benefits to maintain retinal health. Free radicals lead to degeneration of the central part of the retina called the macula and may lead to cataracts. Zea-xanthin from mulberry fruits may be able to reduce oxidative stress on the retinal cells due to these free radicals. Thus, it may indicate that mulberry may have the potential to slow down cataract formation3. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential effects of mulberries on cataract development and progression in the human eye.
Mulberry is rich in antioxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin C, anthocyanins, and various other polyphenolic compounds. Antioxidants play a key role in defending the body against free radicals, which are harmful by-products of cellular metabolism. These free radicals can damage healthy cells and may contribute to the mutation of normal cells into cancerous ones. Antioxidants found in mulberries may help neutralise these free radicals, potentially reducing the extent of cellular damage they cause3. Further research is necessary to determine the effects of mulberries on free radicals linked to cancer development.
The extract of mulberry leaves may play a role in catalysing the metabolism of glucose. Animal studies1 have shown that mulberry leaf extract may help lower high blood glucose levels. However, human studies are needed to assess the effects of mulberries on blood glucose levels in people2.
Mulberry is a particularly rich source of vitamin C. Vitamin C contributes to the maintenance of a healthy immune system. A single cup of mulberries can provide approximately the daily recommended amount of vitamin C3. However, any claims regarding the effects of mulberries on immunity require further scientific validation, and their use should be guided by qualified healthcare professionals.
Mulberry fruits contain significant amounts of vitamins A and E, as well as various carotenoids. These compounds act as antioxidants, which may help protect the skin, hair, and other tissues from damage caused by free radicals. Antioxidants are believed to contribute to maintaining a smooth skin appearance and may support healthy, shiny hair. However, further scientific research is needed to confirm these effects, and mulberries should be used as part of a balanced diet rather than as a treatment3. Mulberry may have a role in managing oily or acne-prone skin by potentially reducing oil secretion and inflammation2. However, further research is required to fully understand its potential benefits and safety in humans.
Mulberry leaves contain a flavonoid called resveratrol, which may help relax blood vessels by increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO), a natural vasodilator. This effect could potentially reduce the risk of blood clot formation. While these properties suggest possible cardiovascular benefits, including support for heart health, further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans2,6. However, current studies are insufficient to conclusively establish the effects of mulberries on human heart health, and further research is required to validate these potential benefits.
While some studies suggest potential benefits of mulberries for various conditions, the current evidence is limited. Further research is necessary to establish the full extent of their effects on human health.
I suggest considering mulberry as part of a balanced diet to support weight management. Mulberry may assist in this regard by potentially inhibiting lipid absorption, according to some studies. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effects10.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Mulberry can be used in the following ways5:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace any prescribed modern medical treatment with Ayurvedic or herbal preparations without medical advice.
A few side effects that were observed in studies on consuming mulberry fruit are3:
However, if you experience any adverse reactions to mulberries, immediately contact a doctor as they will be able to guide you appropriately to manage your symptoms.
Here’s a health tip: Mulberry is a natural source of flavonoids, a type of polyphenolic compound, which act as antioxidants. These antioxidants may help protect the body from oxidative damage, potentially playing a role in managing conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis. Further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans11.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Consuming mulberries in moderate amounts is generally considered safe. However, it is important to follow general precautions when including mulberries in your diet.
Also Read: Chirata: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions and More!
A clinical study8 suggested that having large amounts of black mulberry juice could interact with drugs that were reported to inhibit cytochrome enzymes; thus it may inhibit the metabolism of various drugs7. Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician and follow their prescription carefully, as they are best placed to consider your health condition and any other medications you may be taking.
Also Read: Blueberries: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!
Mulberry (Shahtoot) is rich in vitamin A, vitamin E, and carotenoids, all of which are known for their antioxidant properties. These compounds may help support healthy skin by potentially reducing the appearance of scars, age spots, and promoting a smoother, more youthful appearance. Additionally, mulberry leaf extract may be beneficial for individuals with oily or acne-prone skin; however, further studies are needed to confirm these effects in humans.
Various parts and extracts of three major species of the genus Morus may be used, these are:
-Root, stem, leaves, and fruit of Morus alba (white mulberry)
-Root, leaves, and fruits of Morus nigra (black mulberry)
-Root and fruits of Morus rubra (red mulberry).
The immortal mountain wizard tree is a type of tea made from Mulberry leaves. After drying mulberry leaves under the sun, the leaves are brewed to make a tea.
There is no evidence of mulberry fruit or leaf being poisonous. However, one must follow general precautions while taking any herb in large quantities.
Yes, the antioxidants present in mulberry leaf extract may help counter the effects of free radicals that contribute to oxidative damage in hair. This could support the maintenance of healthy, shiny hair. However, further research is required to confirm these potential benefits in humans.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Lagenaria siceraria, known as bottle gourd in English and Lauki in Hindi, is a common vegetable in India. Bottle gourd has been used traditionally to help with many health conditions like fever, cough, pain, and asthma. It has been used since ancient times for its benefits. It is also considered a good source of vitamin B, C, and other nutrients. It is known for its shape, a bottle, a dumbbell, or an oval shape.
You may find bottle gourd boring to eat, but it is considered one of the earliest plants to be cultivated on Earth. It may also be packed with many health-promoting benefits. If you want to learn more about the bottle gourd or lauki, continue reading.
Nutritional value of bottle gourd per 10 grams of serving1:
Bottle gourd might have the following properties:
Bottle gourd might have properties that may be good for the liver, as per several animal studies. Bottle gourd may offer many potential benefits, helpful in liver condition and functions. These possible benefits have been observed in animal trials3. You must still contact your doctor before using a bottle gourd for any liver ailment.
Consuming bottle gourd may show beneficial effects on the memory. Certain compounds in bottle gourd may show pain-relieving and central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity by acting on the brain. CNS depressant activity might indicate its possible effects on calming the mind3. Before using a bottle gourd for its benefits for the brain, you should contact your doctor and get a proper diagnosis and treatment.
Bottle gourd (Lauki) extract might act against the cancerous cells, as per an animal study4. In addition, its stem extract may show potent cytotoxic (toxic to cells in the body) activity against cancer cell lines as per a laboratory study5. This anticancer activity of bottle gourd may be attributed to its potential antioxidant and cytotoxic abilities. These potential benefits of bottle gourd have been studied in laboratory studies. However, you must consult your doctor before using any herbal supplement or remedy to replace or discontinue ongoing treatment.
Bottle Gourd has been traditionally used to help with diabetes. Because of the low fat and high fibre content, bottle gourd may be recommended as the food of choice for people having diabetes. Bottle gourd extract could effectively reduce the blood glucose levels in diabetic animals, as indicated by an animal trial. The potential anti-diabetic benefits of bottle gourd have been observed in animal trials6, and more studies are needed to validate these properties in humans.
Bottle gourd might be a good option for losing weight as it is low in calories and contains mostly water7. It is also rich in dietary fibre and contains low fat and cholesterol. These properties may help with weight management. You can add bottle gourd to your regular diet to help you manage weight. However, before using any herbal remedy for weight loss, you need to consult your doctor about its potential uses and side effects.
Bottle gourd is a good source of vitamin C and zinc that may offer several skin benefits. Vitamin C is an essential vitamin for overall skin health. It may protect the skin from the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation8. It may also help to prevent signs of skin ageing, such as skin sagging. It may also help strengthen the skin barrier by enhancing the production of skin barrier lipids9.. If you are suffering from any skin ailments, contact a skincare doctor or dermatologist, as they will be able to guide you about the uses and limitations of herbs and vegetables.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of bottle gourds in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of bottle gourds on human health.
All plant parts, including fruits, leaves, stems, bark, fruit rind, seeds, and oil, also might be used in traditional medicine.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Drinking bottle gourd juice that tastes bitter may cause severe poisoning reactions. The symptoms of bottle gourd juice poisoning may involve vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, hematochezia (blood in stools), haematemesis (vomiting blood), shock, and even death6. You must always consult your doctor immediately if you observe any of these symptoms.
Also Read: Alum: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Some of the precautions to take with bottle gourd are:
Before using a bottle gourd for its medicinal benefits, reach out to your healthcare provider.
Also Read: Jaggery: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More
There is a lack of sufficient data to prove the safety or interactions of bottle gourd with other medications. Therefore, if you are taking any medicines, you must consult your doctor regarding potential interactions with foods and vegetables. They will be able to guide you better regarding the precautions and interactions of a specific medicine.
Also Read: Lychee: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh
Bottle gourd or lauki contains plenty of vitamin C. Vitamin C may be beneficial for skin health. Vitamin C might be valuable for protecting the skin from ultraviolet-induced damage. Bottle gourd juice may be used as a source of vitamin C.
Bottle gourd has low-calorie content, and it contains mostly water. Bottle gourd is also rich in dietary fibre. The nutritional value of bottled gourd juice may make it a good choice for people who want to eat healthily and manage weight. However, there is a lack of data supporting its usage and beneficial effects on humans. You may meet a doctor or dietician to gain more insight into weight management methods.
Bottle gourd may show good nutritional value and contain plenty of vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates. Bottle gourd juice might be consumed for its nutritional benefits. It may also help keep the liver healthy and may also help with disease conditions and skin health.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Raw papaya is often overlooked, but it is completely loaded with health benefits. Rich in nutrients and available year-round, it’s considered a powerhouse of nutrition and is widely recognized for its value.
The raw papaya plant itself is regarded as a valuable nutraceutical fruit. Its botanical name is Carica papaya Linn, and it belongs to the Caricaceae family. Originally native to southern Mexico and Costa Rica, the papaya plant has since spread to tropical and subtropical regions, including India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Hawaii, the Philippines, and South Africa1. Known by many names such as papita, papaia, pawpaw, papayabaum, and arabd-kharpuja, papaya has a global presence.
Read on to learn more about this multipurpose commercial fruit crop.
Papaya is a commoner’s fruit due to its low cost and high nutritional value. Papaya contains a vast array of phytochemicals, including proteins, fats and oils, enzymes, polysaccharides, flavonoids, vitamins and minerals. Papaya is pretty low in calories and has a high amount of vitamin C1.
The nutritional value of raw papaya per 100 grams is as follows:
Papaya contains various biologically active plant chemicals that might be used for different purposes.1 Papaya might have the following properties:
The whole plant of papaya might have beneficial value. It has various phytochemicals like enzymes, vitamins and minerals. Some of its potential uses are given below.2
Eating raw papaya might benefit the food digestion process. Unripe papaya might contain a good amount of digestive enzyme, which might be an excellent aid to digestion. It may help in the smooth digestion of protein present in the food. People who cannot digest wheat gluten may tolerate it if it is mixed with the white latex of raw papaya. It has the crude papain enzyme, which might help solubilise gluten protein5, 6. Hence, it may be used by people who have trouble with the digestion of protein-containing food items.
Papaya fruits might be used in topical ulcer dressing, which might help wound healing. It may be used in the burn dressings of children. It may also reduce the odour associated with long-term skin ulcers7. The papaya fruit pulp may be mashed and applied to the infected burn wounds8, which may help deal with infection development. The potential mechanism could be the enzymatic action of papain as well as the antimicrobial activity of papaya fruit.
Raw papaya may be valuable for restoring and rebuilding damaged skin. The peel of papaya contains vitamin A and might be used as a skin-lightening agent. If you apply a mixture of papaya peel with little honey to your skin, it may act as a moisturiser and make your skin look smoother9. The rubbing action of the white papaya pulp might help improve pimples and wrinkles on the facial skin due to its good bleaching activity. It may also remove the dead skin cells allowing the lightening of skin colour9.
In my opinion, papaya is a skin miracle-worker! Its β-carotene and lycopene content can’t replace sunscreen, but they might help protect against sunburn and boost the skin’s defence mechanism against UV damage. Enjoy papaya for a healthy and happy skin glow!
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Eating raw papaya might help to reduce the risk of the formation of colon cancer and prostate cancer in men10. The fruits of papaya contain dietary fibre, which may bind to the toxins present in the colon that may cause cancer-related to the colon. Raw papaya might help sweep these toxins from the body, keeping a healthy environment inside the colon. These nutrients might also protect colon cells from the damages caused by the free radicals.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of raw papaya in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of raw papaya on human health.
I would recommend giving fermented papaya a try and enjoying its tasty superpowers! Fermented papaya is a fantastic fruit. Studies2 have shown that it might help pre-diabetics by boosting their antioxidants and protecting their red blood cells from harmful stress.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Papaya is a healthy and delicious fruit. It may be used in various ways.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
I would suggest trying fermented papaya if you’re looking for a tasty and fun way to protect yourself against age-related and neurological diseases. One research4 shows that Alzheimer’s is linked to oxidative stress, but guess what? Fermented papaya may comes to the rescue! It might help counteract those free radicals that love to wreak havoc in our bodies.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: Papaya Leaves and Seeds to Treat Fever and Other Ailments
The side effects of raw papaya may be related to women’s health.
Ayurvedic herbs may have specific side effects and may react differently in every people. Ensure that you consult an Ayurvedic physician before using it for proper guidance.
Eating raw papaya may be considered safe. However, general precautions need to be followed.
We recommend you consult your Ayurvedic physician before having papaya for medicinal purposes. They will be the correct person to guide you about the safe dosage form.
Also Read: Benefits of Pineapple for Health, Skin and Hair
There is not enough information available on the interaction of raw papaya with other drugs. However, this does not mean that there are no interactions at all.
Therefore, it is always better to follow the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor. They will prescribe you the best way to have it.
Also Read: Mulberry (Shahtoot): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Raw papaya has a low-calorie content, which may make it a suitable fruit for obese people who can include it in their regular diet13. Thus, it may help to manage weight.You must consult your nutritionist for best advice on weight loss.
The three main powerful antioxidant vitamins present in papaya are vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E.
Papaya might be a good source of dietary fibre, which may help to lower the high cholesterol levels in the body13. However, people should seek the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor before using it to manage the cholesterol in the body.
Papaya has different names, such as Erandakarkati in Sanskrit, Omakai in Malayalam, Pharangi in Kannada, and Pappali in Tamil. The international names include Tree Mellon, Mamao, and pawpaw.
Other components, including seeds, leaves, roots, flowers, and stem bark, may also be utilized since they have potential applications for managing a variety of human ailments.
However, before utilizing any of the plant’s sections as a herb, we advise that you first consult your doctor.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Ajwain (Carum copticum), also called bishop’s weed, is a herb that is used as a spice and a major ingredient in different types of medicines. It is thought to have originated in Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean region. Ajwain is extensively cultivated in black soil, especially along the riverbanks in Egypt and several other countries like Iran, Afghanistan, and India. The seeds are small yet have a hot, pungent, and bitter taste. Ajwain functions as a stomachic (helping promote appetite or helping in digestion) and laxative, and is used as an appetiser. It may be helpful for conditions like piles, abdominal tumours, abdominal pain, vomiting, mouth diseases, etc1.
The major constituent of ajwain is an essential oil called thymol, which constitutes about 35-60%. The seed also contains compounds like β-pinene, para-cymene, α-pinene, limonene, and γ- and β-terpinenes3. Ajwain seeds also comprise protein, fat, fibre, minerals, calcium, iron, phosphorus, carotene, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, and carbohydrates. In 100 grams of ajwain, the nutrients found are1,2:
Ajwain is known to have many properties like3:
Ajwain may help reduce irregular intestinal and stomach pain in both adults and children. Taking ajwain with common salt and warm water may relieve colicky pain (sharp intestinal pain) caused by gas, indigestion, or intestinal infections. It can also be taken with buttermilk to ease digestion-related issues1. Consult your doctor before taking it for any condition.
A mixture of ajwain and ginger may be prescribed by your doctor in cases of chronic bronchitis and asthma. This mixture might help expel mucus and may improve the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and asthma. It may also be helpful for chronic colds and coughs. Consuming warm water after chewing ajwain might help reduce a cough. Chewing betel leaf with ajwain might help with a dry cough1. It is, however, essential to consult your doctor before taking it for these conditions.
Ajwain seeds may be helpful for diabetes4. Powdered neem leaves can be taken with warm milk along with powdered ajwain and cumin seeds. This combination might help reduce blood sugar levels. However, it’s essential to consult your doctor before taking this. Moreover, a condition like diabetes must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
Smelling ajwain seeds wrapped in a tissue may help in dealing with migraines3. Ajwain seeds can also be burned, and the fumes inhaled, to address other head-related issues1. However, such effects need to be proved by further research. Moreover, it is essential to consult a doctor before using ajwain for any apparent health benefits.
Ajwain seed oil may be helpful for pain related to arthritis3. This oil can be used regularly for massage on the affected joints to alleviate pain in rheumatic arthritis1. Kindly consult a doctor before using it.
Consuming ajwain seeds might be a natural way to help deal with diarrhoea or dysentery5. A handful of ajwain seeds can be boiled and added to a glass of water. This mixture can be cooled and consumed to help with diarrhoea. However, such effects need to be ascertained by further research.
Ajwain seeds might also be used as an insecticide6. Moreover, they may also be used for poisonous insect bites.
Although studies showing the potential uses of ajwain in various conditions are limited, there is a need for further research to establish the true extent of ajwain’s benefits on human health.
Also Read: Black Chana: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh
Ajwain seeds might be used as it is or they can be used in powder form. Your ayurvedic doctor will prescribe you the correct form and dosage for use for your condition. Kindly refer to your doctor for advice
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Also Read: Black Salt: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
When consumed in moderation, ajwain seeds do not produce any harmful side effects. However, in people suffering from conditions like diverticulitis (pain and inflammation in small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of the digestive tract), ulcerative colitis (inflammatory bowel disease), and liver diseases, excess intake of ajwain might lead to some side effects.
It is important to keep these points in mind when using ajwain seeds:
Also Read: Brahmi: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and more!
Ajwain might interact with unknown medicines. Therefore, you should consult a doctor before using ajwain for its potential health benefits.
The common names of ajwain include ajwain, jevain, oma, omam, yom, omu, vamu, yamini, oman, jain, yaminiki, yavan, and more9.
Ajwain seeds might be helpful for tooth pain. Using clove oil, ajwain oil, and water might help to deal with toothache, tooth decay, and bad mouth odour. It may help maintain oral hygiene. However, please consult a dentist for dental problems and do not self-medicate.
A paste can be prepared from ajwain seeds and may be applied on any affected part of the face or body to help with itching, boils, and eczema (a condition in which patches of skin become inflamed, itchy, cracked, and rough). In case of acne, powdered ajwain seeds might be taken with yoghurt and applied to the face. This remedy may help manage acne scars. However, more research is required to prove these effects.
Consuming buttermilk with ajwain seeds and rock salt might help reduce the bleeding in piles9. However, please consult a doctor before using such a remedy.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Karela, also known as Momordica charantia L., belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. It is commonly known as balsam pear, bitter gourd, bitter melon, karela, or kugua. Its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It is called ‘bitter melon’ or ‘bitter gourd’ as the entire plant, including the fruit, tastes very bitter. Karela is widely cultivated in India, China, Japan, Malaya, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Colombia, Brazil, Amazon, Cuba, East Africa, Haiti, Ghana, Mexico, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Panama, the Middle East, the Central and South America1.
The vernacular names of Karela are Karavelli in Sanskrit; Karelo in Gujrati; Karli in Marathi; Baramasiya in Bengali; Kaypa in Malayalam; Karali in Kannada; Kakara in Telugu; Pakar in Tamil.
Karela has the following nutritional value2:
The properties of karela include3:
The Karela extract is traditionally used as vegetable insulin as it might have antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Its antidiabetic effect is tested in both animals and humans. When tested in an animal model4, the entire plant, including fruit pulp and seed, showed potential antidiabetic properties. Its fruit was found to have more potential effects on diabetes. It might either control the release of insulin or may change the metabolism of glucose5.
Karela contains a few chemicals, including glycoside, charantin, vicine, karavilosides, and polypeptide-p (plant insulin). These chemicals might improve blood sugar levels by raising the glucose uptake and synthesis of glycogen in the liver, fat, and muscle cells6. Kindly consult a doctor for the proper diagnosis and treatment of serious conditions such as diabetes. Please do not self-medicate.
The phenolic compounds in karela are a potentially excellent natural source of food antioxidants. Phenolic compounds might have the ability to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and the incidence of heart-related diseases and cancer7. However, more research is required.
The karela extract might help modify the signalling pathways involved in breast cancer. It might block the growth of breast cancer cells and may be used as a dietary supplement to help against breast cancer8. The fruits, green leaves, stems, and f karela seeds have several active proteins and steroids. These proteins might have potential anticancer activity. However, serious conditions such as cancer should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
I came across a fascinating study13 that revealed something amazing about karela. According to the study, karela extract may have the power to speed up the healing process of gastric ulcers in rats. However, it’s important to note that studies on humans are needed to confirm these exciting claims.
Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Asians, Colombians, and Panamanians have traditionally known karela as a helpful plant against malaria. Various studies9 have confirmed that several species of karela may have antimalarial properties. However, please consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
A series of abnormalities linked with diabetes and delayed wound healing are lowered immune response, reduced formation of new blood vessels, deficiency of growth factors, and reduced collagen production. When karela fruit ointment was applied to the rat (diabetic rat), it showed a potential to improve wound closure and which may help enhance a gene that helps in cell growth. Therefore, it might be beneficial for the healing of the wound1. However, more research is required to prove such effects on humans.
Though some studies show the potential uses of karela in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of karela on human health.
In my opinion, karela with a bit of a tangy taste, might actually benefit the immune cells. It’s true! It may help calm down inflammation and act as an immunomodulator, which is like being a saviour for your immune response11.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
It is mostly used as:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Also Read: Sabudana (Sago Pearls): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
If you experience any of these side effects, you must consult your doctor immediately.
Based on my observations, karela has two tasty options: young shoots and not-quite-ripe fruits. The fruits are bitter, but you may make them less bitter by blanching or soaking them in salty water. Inside the yellow fruits, you find a treasure trove of good stuff like carotenoids, iron, phosphorous, and vitamin C12.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
From what I have known and read, karela is a versatile plant that can be included in our diet for better health! It is not only tasty but also may have medicinal benefits. It might keep worms away, relieve pain, help with haemorrhoids, and even soothe rashes12.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Also Read: Cashew Nuts: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More
Since karela lowers the blood sugar level, taking karela along with diabetes medicines might lower the blood sugar level too much. Therefore, monitor your blood sugar level carefully while taking karela. Discuss your ongoing treatments and medications with your doctor before taking karela for its benefits.
Also Read: Bottle Gourd (Lauki): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
No, please do not consume karela during pregnancy. It is unsafe during pregnancy as it contains certain chemicals that might be harmful to pregnancy.
Karela may be good for the kidneys. Traditionally, karela has been used in China, Cuba, and India for kidney problems and kidney stones10. However, more research is required.
Yes, there are some side effects of karela. In some people, karela might upset the stomach. Karela might cause a rash when applied to the skin. Some people may get headaches. Karela may also lower the blood sugar level. Visit your doctor if you experience any side effects.
Karela might be helpful against malaria. It has been traditionally known by Asians, Colombians, and Panamanians as a helpful plant against malaria10. However, a study on the antimalarial effect of karela in humans is required.
Yes, karela may be good for health and may be helpful for diabetes mellitus, anorexia (lack of appetite for food), blood impurities, diarrhoea, hangover, piles, pyorrhoea, skin infections, and respiratory problems. It also has antimicrobial, anticancer, wound healing, and antimalarial properties
Karela can be used as a vegetable, karela juice, karela leaf tea, fried karela chips, dehydrated karela rings, and karela pickle.
It is advised not to use karela during breastfeeding. Consult your doctor before using karela during breastfeeding.
Yes, karela can cause allergy, and the signs of an allergy are itching, shortness of breath, or rash. Avoid karela if you have a known allergy to karela or any member of the family Cucurbitaceae, including honeydew, casaba, Persian melon, cantaloupe, and muskmelon.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Lemongrass, also called Cymbopogon citratus, is a plant that belongs to the family Gramineae or Poaceae. In Greek, ‘Cymbopogon’ means boat-beard. It is a fragrant, long-living plant that is native to Sri Lanka and South India. Today, it widely grows throughout Asia and tropical America. Freshly cut and slightly dried lemongrass leaves are used to extract essential oils that are further used for medicinal purposes1.
The common names of lemongrass are Sera, Verveine in Hindi; Citronella, Squinant in English; Cimbopogone in Italian; Citongrass in Swedish; Sereh in Indonesian; Zacate Limon in Mexican; Sakumau in Malaysia; Tej-sar in Ethiopia; Capim-cidrao, Capim-Santo in Brazil; Citronella in the USA; Limon out in Turkish; Ta-khrai in Thailand2.
The nutritional composition in 100g of lemongrass is3:
The many properties of lemongrass are as follows2, 4:
Lemongrass has many properties, because of which it shows potential uses in many disease conditions.
The antimicrobial potential of lemongrass has been observed in lab-scale studies. However, more large-scale trials are needed to support the use of lemongrass for infections in humans. Therefore, you are advised to follow the advice of a doctor in case of infectious diseases.
Several studies6 have tested lemongrass as a hypoglycaemic (lowering blood sugar level) and hypolipidemic (lowering lipid in the blood) agent to reduce the risk of obesity and hypertension. It was found to lower high cholesterol levels in humans, thus showing heart-protecting activity. It was also found to help lose excess weight in overweight patients. However, if you experience any heart problems or want to lose weight, contact your doctor and follow the doctor’s advice.
Tissue inflammation is considered one of the leading causes of serious health problems. It is found to be linked with diseases like diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular (related to heart and blood vessels) disorders and rheumatoid arthritis. Several researchers reported that lemongrass contains polyphenols that may show anti-inflammatory properties and reduce inflammation7. However, before using lemongrass or other herbal remedies for health benefits, you should talk to a doctor or doctor.
Many researchers have studied the anti-anxiety effects of lemongrass tea. An experiment6 found that the lemongrass decoction (concentrated solution) and lemongrass tea could show anti-anxiety effects when given to animals. However, if you struggle with anxiety, talk to a psychiatrist about your symptoms.
The boiled and concentrated solution of lemongrass leaf stalk may be used to manage diarrhoea4. Lemongrass tea might be used to manage indigestion, stomach pain, and gastric ulcers by protecting the linings of the stomach4. If you experience stomach problems, consult your doctor before using lemongrass to aid your symptoms. Using herbal remedies without a doctor’s consultation can worsen the situation.
The leaf extract of lemongrass was tested for its liver activity. It was found to be helpful for managing disorders or diseases of the liver8. However, if you are suffering from liver diseases, using any herb without consulting a doctor can damage the liver. Therefore, talk to your doctor before using lemongrass.
Though there are studies showing the benefits of lemongrass in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of lemongrass on human health.
Based on my experience, I have observed that fresh leaves of lemongrass might have activity against Setaria digitata, a filarial parasite. Lemongrass may possess antifilarial properties, which could help in combating filarial infections11.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Lemongrass can be used:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking lemongrass or any herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Over the years, I have observed that the fresh leaf of lemongrass essential oil may have larvicidal activity, which means it can potentially kill mosquito larvae. This activity could be beneficial in controlling mosquito populations and reducing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases11.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Usually, lemongrass is considered safe for cooking, but if consumed in an excessive amount, it can cause side effects like:
Before using lemongrass or other herbs for their health benefits, talk to your doctor about the possible side effects. This will help you make well-informed choices.
Lemongrass should be avoided during pregnancy, as there is a chance that it may start menstrual flow9. Also, an animal study10 was found to affect the embryo. Therefore, lemongrass should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Also, before taking lemongrass against any disease conditions, consult your doctor about the possible precautions and limitations of using lemongrass.
In my experience, lemongrass essential oil may have promising antinociceptive effects, meaning it may help reduce pain sensation. While it appears to work both locally and internally through the central nervous system, it’s important to note that individual responses may differ in each person11.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
There is no sufficient information available. However, if you are taking medicines for a health condition, talk to your doctor about the possible interactions of the drug with other medications and herbs. It will help you avoid unwanted herb-drug interactions.
Lemongrass oil has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and is used in hair tonics to reduce dandruff. It might be useful in blocking the growth of fungi M. furfur, which is linked to dandruff.
In an animal study4, lemongrass was found to show anti-malarial effects. However, its anti-malarial effect in humans is yet unknown. Therefore, stick to the doctor’s advice and treatment to manage malaria. Do not use herbal remedies to cure malaria unless a doctor recommends it.
Lemongrass is used as lemongrass tea, oil, aromatic water, and in food for its lemon flavour. However, talk to a doctor about using lemongrass for its health benefits.
No, lemongrass should not be used in pregnancy. There are chances that it can cause menstrual flow.
No, lemongrass should be avoided during breastfeeding.
Lemongrass should be used in moderation. Consuming in excess may cause side effects like dry mouth, tiredness, dizziness, frequent urination, increased appetite, and allergic reactions like rash and itching.Therefore, you are advised to consult a doctor before using lemongrass for its health benefits.
Lemongrass was beneficial for managing cholesterol levels in lab studies5. The lemongrass extract was found to lower high cholesterol levels in human trials. However, more studies are required to support the use of lemongrass in high blood cholesterol in humans. If you have high cholesterol, you need to follow the doctor’s advice on treatment.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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The green apple is a hybrid fruit. It is developed by combining two different species of apple, namely, Malus slyvesterus and Malus domesticus. It contains bioactive compounds and flavonoids in a very good amount as compared to other varieties of apples. Green apples were first cultivated by an Australian woman named Maria Smith; hence, they are also known as Granny Smith apples1.
This fruit appears light green with tart, juicy and crisp flavours and hard skin with a long shelf-life as compared with other apple types. Green apples are considered a healthy fruit and are used in weight management regimens due to their low calorie content and high dietary potassium and fibre content1.
Green apple has a very high amount of nutrients2.
Apples are considered traditional fruits and consumed due to their nutritional properties, which are contributed by their bioactive compounds and dietary fibres3. The beneficial properties of green apples includes:
For many years, the traditional systems of medicine have been using apples in the management of various conditions3. Some of the potential uses of the green apple can be described as follows.
The green apple is rich in flavonoids that may help to reduce the risk of developing lung, pancreatic and colon cancer. Studies3 have also shown that green apples may have the potential to help with the growth of cancer cells in the breast, colon and skin. In clinical studies4, it has been shown that both males and females who consumed green apples in their diet had a reduced risk of developing lung cancer. However, cancer is a serious condition and would need a specialised doctor to diagnose and decide on treatment. It is important that you consult your healthcare provider before proceeding with any herbal remedy for health conditions.
The extract of green apple juice may help prevent damage to the brain. An animal study5 showed that the animals fed with a green apple diet had increased levels of neurotransmitters, which act as signalling molecules of the brain. Research has confirmed that eating green apples, which are a high-fibre food, may help fight against brain diseases. Green apples also help in preventing the symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases3. If you are suffering from any conditions or observe any symptoms related to brain function, make sure you talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of any herbal remedies.
In my experience, consuming green apple juice, which is a potential source of Vitamin K, might have a positive impact on wound healing and repair. Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood clotting and coagulation, which are essential processes for proper wound healing7.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Consumption of green apples has been associated with managing many lung issues, including asthma. It has been shown that the intake of green apples reduces the incidence of asthma. A recent study6 in Australia showed that green apple intake decreases the risk of asthma and lung hypersensitivity. Another study with middle-aged men also showed a beneficial effect of apple consumption on lung functioning6. Asthma is a serious medical condition that requires you to follow your doctor’s advice and adhere to your treatment plan. It is advised that you consult your doctor before using green apples for its benefits for asthma.
Eating apples daily may help overcome the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Apples are full of soluble fibre and may play a key role in reducing blood sugar levels. A primary bioactive compound present in apple peels may also help to decrease the risk of diabetes. In clinical studies, it has been observed that consuming at least one green apple a day helps lower the risk of type 2 diabetes3. If you are suffering from diabetes, make sure you consult your doctor before making any changes to your diet.
Doctors often recommend a high-fibre diet to improve and manage overall health. Apples are considered to be a high fibre food. Green apple has a high amount of dietary fibre, which is helpful for losing weight3. In a human study3, it has been shown that the consumption of green apples is associated with weight loss in middle-aged obese women. In a study4, people who consumed this fruit showed weight loss with reduced levels of blood glucose. If you want to lose weight, you can consult your doctor or nutritionist as they can guide you better about diet changes. Also, it is advised that you avoid making any major changes to your diet before consulting your doctor.
Based on my experience, I have observed that consuming green apple juice might have positive effects on vision. The presence of Vitamin A in the juice has been known to support and improve eyesight. Incorporating green apple juice into your routine may help enhance your vision and contribute to overall eye health7.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Green apple can be used in the following ways:
You should always consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming green apples for therapeutic use. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition. Also, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Did you know that apples are not only delicious but also packed with beneficial phenolic compounds? In fact, they rank second in total concentration of these compounds among fruits. What’s even more interesting is that apples have the highest portion of free phenolics compared to other fruits, making them a great choice for promoting health and well-being7.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
There are some side effects of green apples related to teeth. The green apple is acidic and can cause demineralisation of the different portions of the tooth. The excess consumption of green apples may cause dental erosion (a chemical process that causes loss of mineralised tooth substance)8. Therefore, if you experience any dental problems, you must immediately contact your dentist. They will inform you about the various factors that cause erosion of the tooth.5
Natural herbs may have some allergic reactions and may react differently in different people. Always consult your doctor before including any fruit or vegetable in your diet for its benefits.
Green apple is generally considered to be safe if it is taken in the recommended dosages. However, general precautions have to be followed while consuming a green apple.
You must never self medicate, even with natural fruits, vegetables and herbs. It is advisable to consult your Ayurvedic physician for best advice.
In clinical studies, it was shown that there is an interaction of the juice of apples with warfarin. Due to excess consumption of green apple juice, there is increased blood thinning that may result in an emergency situation9. Always disclose the ongoing treatments to your doctor, so that he can tailor a suitable prescription as per your ongoing treatment and conditions.
From digestion to supporting weight management and potentially helping with conditions like diabetes and asthma, green apples pack in a surprising amount of goodness for such a simple fruit. While they aren’t a cure or a substitute for treatment, including them as part of your daily diet may offer gentle, long-term health benefits. As always, it’s best to speak to your doctor before making any dietary changes, especially if you’re managing a health condition.
Green apple contains vitamin A, vitamin B3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, folate (vitamin B9), vitamin B6, vitamin B2 and vitamin K.
Yes, green apples are rich in soluble dietary fibres that are used in the management of irritable bowel syndrome, which is a digestive system disorder that causes stomach cramps, stomach pain, constipation, diarrhoea, etc. Doctors also recommend green apples on a regular basis to prevent irritable bowel syndrome3.If you are suffering from irritable bowel syndrome or any other condition of the digestive tract, make sure you adhere to your doctor’s advice and make diet changes accordingly.
All varieties of apples contain a soluble fibre known as pectin. It is a viscous, soluble and fermentable fibre that contributes to the beneficial properties of apples3.
Vitamin C shows potent antioxidant activity. It also helps in fighting cancers of the lung and colon4.
If you bite and chew a green apple, it stimulates the production of saliva in the mouth and helps in reducing tooth decay by lowering the levels of bacteria in the mouth3.
Yes, green apples are good for health. The soluble fibre of apples binds with fats in the intestine, which results in lower cholesterol levels and helps you to remain healthier3.If you are suffering from high cholesterol, contact your doctor or healthcare provider before using green apples or any herb as a remedy. They can help you make better and well-informed choices as per your condition.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Plum (Prunus domestica L.) belongs to the Rosaceae family and includes approximately 40 different species. It is a small, shrubby, deciduous tree that typically grows between 6 and 15 metres in height. Plums are widely cultivated across tropical and temperate regions, including parts of West Asia, India, Australia, South America, Pakistan, Europe, and Africa. In India, plums are primarily grown in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Punjab1.
The plum tree is used for its beneficial properties and for managing various conditions. The fruits of the plum come in various colours, including, green, red, purple, and yellow and and are typically round in shape. It is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, and carotenoid compounds. The Santa Rosa, Black Amber, Red Beauty, African Rose and Black Beauty are some major varieties of plum fruit1,3.
The nutritional value of plum per 100 gm is given as follows2:
Plum is regarded in traditional practices as a plant with potential wellness-supporting properties. Research1 and preliminary studies suggest that it may exhibit certain biological activities. These include:
Plums are not just delicious seasonal fruits but are also known for their potential nutritional and wellness-supporting properties. Traditionally, they have been used in various cultures as part of a balanced diet to support general health and wellbeing1.
Diabetes is a metabolic condition that occurs when the body produces insufficient insulin or is unable to use it effectively. Preliminary animal studies have explored the potential effects of plum extracts on blood glucose levels. In these studies11, plum extract was associated with a reduction in blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. Additionally, some findings suggest that plum purée may have a role in moderating post-meal blood glucose spikes in experimental settings.
Foods with a low glycaemic (glucose) index (GI) are digested more slowly and may help to support stable blood sugar and insulin levels after meals. As such, they are often recommended as part of a balanced diet for individuals managing blood glucose levels. In a small human study12, consumption of dried plums while fasting was associated with a reduction in insulin and plasma glucose levels3,4.
While these findings are promising, more research is needed. Individuals with diabetes should consult a qualified healthcare professional before incorporating dried plums or any new food items into their diet, particularly when managing a medical condition.
Plums, particularly in their dried form, have traditionally been used to support digestive health. They are a source of dietary fibre, sorbitol, and isatin, compounds which may contribute to maintaining regular bowel movements. Some studies4 suggest that dried plums could help in softening stools and promoting gut motility, potentially offering relief in cases of occasional constipation.
In addition, plums contain phenolic compounds and serotonin, which may support intestinal function, as well as prebiotic properties that help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria. However, individuals experiencing digestive discomfort or diagnosed conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome should consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any dietary changes or using plums for symptom management3.
Laboratory studies have suggested that plum extracts may exhibit antioxidant activity, particularly in the flesh, peel, and pit of the fruit, where antioxidant levels are reported to be highest. Some experimental research5 has explored the potential of these antioxidants to interact with cellular pathways, including those involved in cancer cell resistance. However, these observations are based on preliminary findings in laboratory settings and have not been confirmed in human clinical trials.
While plums are a natural source of vitamin A, which supports general immune and cellular health, there is currently no conclusive evidence to suggest that consuming plums can prevent or treat cancer. Individuals should not use plums or any other natural product as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment.
Plum contains vitamin K, copper, potassium and boron. Vitamin K may help with the mineralisation of bone and potassium helps to maintain bone mineral density. The alcohol extracts of plum have been shown to inhibit the resorption of bone and increase the formation of bone during a lab trial4.
In animal studies6, it has been shown that plum was very effective on the pre-existing loss of bone. The powder of plum resulted in an increased bone mineral density and restored the vertebrae (spine) of rats. These benefits have been proven in animal studies and are yet to be observed in human trials. Therefore, avoid using plums for any disease condition of bones without consulting your healthcare provider.
In addition to being delicious and nutritious, plums are known to aid in bone quality improvement. They are a great source of vitamin K, which is essential for bone health, as vitamin K helps in the absorption of calcium14.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Animal studies4 have noted that oral administration of extract of plum in pregnant animals resulted in increased development and formation of bone (osteogenesis) in the baby. The extract of plum also helps increase the amount of serum calcium, resulting in a higher ratio of new bone formation compared to the existing length of a long bone. The benefits have been observed in animal studies, and are yet to be confirmed in humans. You need to exercise precautions before using plums during pregnancy.
Plum contains polyphenols and bioactive compounds,that have been studied for their potential role in energy metabolism. Some preliminary research4 suggests that these compounds may influence appetite regulation and support metabolic functions. Plum juice is relatively low in calories, and when consumed as part of a balanced, calorie-controlled diet, it may contribute to maintaining a healthy weight.
In a preclinical study7, the consumption of plum juice was useful for the loss of body weight. The low calories in plum juice and higher content of polyphenols may also help to reduce body weight.
Although some studies have suggested potential health benefits of plum juice (and beetroot juice) in various conditions, the current evidence is limited. Further well-designed clinical research is required to establish the extent and reliability of these effects in humans.
Plums contain naturally occurring compounds that have been studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Preliminary research suggests these properties may help support overall brain health by protecting cells from oxidative stress14.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Plum can be used in the following ways:
You should always consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming plums for regular use. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Also Read: Blueberries: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!
While plums are generally safe when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet, some individuals may experience side effects. These are mostly related to digestive sensitivity or allergic reactions. Commonly reported effects include:
However, if you experience any adverse reactions to plum, immediately contact your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to treat you appropriately.
Plums are a rich source of natural antioxidants and essential nutrients, which may help protect the body’s cells from oxidative stress, a factor associated with the natural ageing process. Including antioxidant-rich fruits like plums as part of a balanced diet may contribute to overall skin and cellular health1.
Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS, M.S.
Plum is generally considered to be safe for most individuals when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. However, certain precautions should be observed:
Also Read: Chirata: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions and More!
Various fruit juices contain an unknown amount of phytochemicals and when combined with other medicines, they can lead to food–drug interactions resulting in side effects. Similarly, plum juice also has multiple phytochemicals that can lead to increased exposure to the system, resulting in high blood pressure (hypertension)10. This food–drug interaction needs to be considered by your Ayurvedic physician to avoid developing serious health issues. Therefore, follow the advice of your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed you this supplement.
Plums are nutrient-dense fruits with potential health benefits ranging from helping with digestion to supporting bone and heart health. Rich in antioxidants and essential vitamins, they may help in managing various conditions. However, further human studies are needed, and medical advice is essential before therapeutic use.
Also Read: Papaya (Papita): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Yes, plums have a low glycaemic index and also contains sorbitol which helps in lowering the levels of glucose in the blood. If you or someone you know has diabetes, avoid using any herb or fruit without consulting your healthcare provider.
Plum fruit contains nutrients and antioxidants that may support overall health, including immune function and eye health. Some laboratory and animal studies have explored its potential role in managing conditions such as arthritis, asthma, anaemia, elevated cholesterol, and cognitive decline. However, more robust clinical research is needed to confirm these effects in humans. However, avoid using plum for any health condition without consulting with a doctor first.
Plum contains vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin K and vitamin E.
Vitamin A protects against oral and lung cancers. Vitamin B helps to metabolise carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the body. Vitamin C contributes to the body’s natural defence mechanisms and acts as an antioxidant by neutralising free radicals. Vitamin K plays a vital role in blood clotting and is important for bone metabolism. Some studies have also investigated its potential association with cognitive health in older adults.
Yes, studies13 have shown that replacing sugary drinks with polyphenol-rich juices like plum juice may support weight management and help prevent obesity. However, it is important to consult your healthcare provider or nutritionist before making any significant changes to your diet, as these changes can affect your overall health.
Yes, the extract has demonstrated activity against mosquito larvae and may be used as a natural mosquito repellent when applied to the skin.
Plum skin contains a high amount of phenolic compounds, which exhibit strong antioxidant activity. These antioxidants may help in preventing the spread of cancer cells. However, for any serious medical condition, it is essential to consult a qualified doctor.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Kachnar tree (Bauhinia variegata) is a deciduous tree native to India and China. In India, it is widely found in Assam, central, eastern, and southern India. The bark of this tree is used for multiple medicinal purposes1.
Guggul, also known as Indian Myrrh, is the yellowish gum-resin obtained from the stem of the Guggul tree or Commiphora wightii. This tree is native to Pakistan, India, and Arabia. In India, it is distributed in Rajasthan, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat2.
The decoction obtained from the bark of the Kachnar tree and Guggulu is mixed along with other ingredients to produce Kanchanar guggulu. Kanchanar guggulu helps in the normal functioning of the lymphatic system and aids in the elimination of toxins from the body.
Kanchanar guggulu has a distinct odour and a bitter taste. It consists of about 12 ingredients. These include:
Out of the above-mentioned ingredients, kanchanar and guggulu are the major ingredients. Kanchanar guggulu contains phytochemicals (plant-based derivatives), compounds like phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, sterols, fatty acids, fixed oils, proteins, carbohydrates, glycosides, lactones, saponins, and terpenoids.
Kanchanar guggulu contains several active ingredients that have different beneficial properties and can be used to help in various conditions.
According to Ayurveda, excess kapha dosha and medha dhatu (excess fats) lead to an impairment in the function of pitta dosha, which might cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism4.
However, the research available seems insufficient to identify the extent of benefits in humans, thus, it is suggested that one must visit a qualified doctor to get proper treatment for hypothyroidism.
Studies5 show that kanchanar guggulu contains a cytotoxic property by which it may regulate cell division and decrease cell proliferation. Hence, this Ayurvedic preparation might help with the treatment of cancer. However, for humans, we would need more extensive research that can validate this claim. Moreover, cancer is a serious illness that may require you to consult a qualified doctor for its diagnosis and treatment.
Kanchanar Guggulu contains triphala and trikatu, which contain vitamin C. This might help in relaxing the muscles of the prostate and the bladder neck. This might help relieve pressure and improve urination6. This may indicate the benefits of kachanar gugglu for this condition, but it needs further study to establish its effectiveness. You must consult a doctor for advice.
Tonsillitis is a common condition among children. Kanchanar guggulu may have a beneficial effect on the increased kapha and rakta doshas in the body7. Hence, it is beneficial in decreasing the signs and symptoms of chronic tonsillitis. Please visit your doctor for proper prescription and guidance.
Lymph node swelling may occur due to bacterial and viral infections. They may occur in the neck, groin or armpit.
Kanchanar guggulu may have potential antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties, which may make it an effective remedy for lymph node swellings. It may also be helpful in reducing glandular swellings.
Kanchanar guggulu may have some beneficial effect in the treatment of fistulas, leprosy, cysts, skin diseases, boils, liver cysts, polycystic kidney disease, and other swellings in the body.
Though studies show the benefits of kanchanar guggulu against various disease conditions, these studies are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of beetroot on human health.
From my experience, Kanchanar Guggulu may help ease symptoms associated with PCOS. Insulin resistance, commonly seen in PCOS, may be reduced because of the anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic qualities of Kanchanar Guggulu.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Also Read: Ashokarishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
Even Ayurvedic herbs may have specific side effects and may react differently in every person. Ensure that you consult an Ayurvedic physician before using it for proper guidance.
Additionally, Kanchanar Guggulu might result in mild gastric discomfort in people with a sensitive stomach. It might cause headaches, vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, hiccups, stomach upset, allergic reactions, skin rashes, and itching when taken in large doses. If you experience any of these side effects or allergic reactions after using beetroot, stop its use and contact your healthcare provider immediately.
From my knowledge, Kanchanar Guggulu might be your ally in your weight loss journey. The bitter, astringent, and pungent flavour of Guggulu stimulates metabolism and may aid in fat burning and improving digestion. Hence, they may play a significant role in overall body weight loss.
Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Also Read: Mulberry (Shahtoot): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Also Read: Patharchatta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode
Bauhinia variegata is not only found in India but is also distributed in China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos1.
The different formulations of guggulu are Abha guggulu, Amrita guggulu, Abhyadi guggulu, Amritadi guggulu, Amrita guggulu dvitya, Amritadyo guggulu, Dwatrinshako guggulu and Dashang guggulu9.
The stem bark, leaves, seeds, and flowers of the Kachnar tree are used for different beneficial purposes.
Common names of guggul are guggal, gugulipid, gum guggal, and gum guggulu.
The common names of this tree include Camel’s foot tree, orchid tree, the ebony tree, butterfly ash, poor man’s orchid, and mountain ebony.
Antioxidants are substances that might protect your cells from damage caused by free radicals. High levels of free radicals can cause harm to the body. The flavonoids and phenols present in Kanchanar guggulu contribute to their antioxidant property. Further studies can identify the antioxidants for humans.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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