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Amazing Health Benefits of Turmeric Milk!

Introduction

Turmeric Milk, also known as ‘Haldi ka Doodh’ or ‘Golden Milk’, is a simple, yet powerful drink that has been used for various health benefits. 

From strengthening immunity and reducing inflammation to improving digestion and promoting better sleep, this golden drink offers a range of health advantages. Let’s explore the science behind why adding turmeric milk to your daily routine can be so beneficial.

Let’s understand why making turmeric milk a daily ritual can boost your health.

Friendly Reminder: The information shared here is for educational purposes only and the reader should consult a registered medical practitioner before implementing any changes to their health routine.

Benefits of Turmeric Milk

1. Anti-inflammatory

reduces inflammation

Turmeric contains curcumin, which has been shown in research[10] to be highly effective in reducing inflammation. 

Curcumin works by inhibiting key enzymes like cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which play a role in inflammation. This makes turmeric milk especially beneficial for those dealing with acute or chronic pain, swelling, and other inflammation-related issues[3].

2. Powerful Antioxidant

turmeric milk

Curcumin in turmeric milk is also a potent antioxidant. It helps protect the body from damage caused by free radicals, reducing some risk factors of chronic conditions like heart disease and cancer [3].

3. Immunity Booster

cold

Turmeric milk can also help boost immunity. With its natural anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal properties, it helps protect the body from various infections[11]. Many doctors recommend having a teaspoon of turmeric in a glass of warm milk daily to fight the common cold.

4. Beneficial in Diabetes

diabetes

Turmeric milk benefits individuals with diabetes, as the curcumin present in turmeric helps regulate blood sugar and may delay the onset of type 2 diabetes when paired with a healthy diet and an active lifestyle. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body’s cells don’t respond well to insulin, leading to high blood sugar. Curcumin reduces inflammation, which helps maintain better blood glucose levels. Those with or at risk of diabetes should choose unsweetened turmeric milk[2].

5. Reduces the Risk of Heart Disease

supports heart health

Curcumin, the antioxidant in turmeric, helps protect against heart diseases and diabetic cardiovascular complications. It may also help lower bad cholesterol levels and may offer some protection from harmful changes in blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis[12].

6. Reduces Cancer Risk

cancer

Turmeric milk benefits individuals with cancer as the curcumin present in turmeric interferes with cancer cell growth, making turmeric milk a healthy addition for those at risk. While it’s not a cure or treatment, it can be a beneficial part of a balanced diet, unless advised otherwise by a healthcare professional[3].

7. Supports Brain Health (Alzheimer’s)

alzheimer

Curcumin has positive effects on brain health, helping prevent the buildup of amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease[4]. It can complement prescribed treatments and therapies for better cognitive function.

From my perspective, curcumin, present in turmeric may actually help improve memory and attention in adults who don’t have dementia. Studies have shown that taking 90 milligrams of curcumin, found in turmeric, twice a day for 18 months might have a positive effect on brain function[13], making it easier to remember things and stay focused.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

8. Helps with Depression

depression

Curcumin boosts brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and supports the levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, potentially helping patients with depression[5].

9. Anti-Aging Benefits

anti ageing

The antioxidant properties of curcumin in turmeric help prevent cellular damage, slowing down visible signs of ageing like fine lines and wrinkles. It may also encourage new cell growth[6].

10. Improves Digestion

digestive system

Turmeric aids digestion by reducing bloating and promoting bile production in the gallbladder. It’s commonly used in Ayurveda to treat pancreatitis, along with other herbs and dietary changes[3].

I might disclose some of curcumin’s cool superpowers! Studies[14] show that it might be effective against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that causes tummy troubles like gastritis and ulcers. It might actually stop the growth of H. pylori and help get rid of it from infected mice and help repair the damage caused by the bacteria in the stomach.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

11. Supports Eye Health (Glaucoma and Cataracts)

healthy eyes

Turmeric’s antioxidants can be beneficial for those suffering from glaucoma and cataracts, supporting eye health[7].

12. Good for Skin

good for skin

Turmeric’s anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties help heal wounds, prevent acne, fight eczema and psoriasis, reduce scars, and give skin a natural glow[1].

13. Improves Bone Health

bone health

Curcumin may reduce pain and improve joint function in those with rheumatoid arthritis, while also supporting overall bone health[8].

14. Nutritional Boost from Milk

turmeric milk

Milk is packed with essential nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, B vitamins, potassium, and omega-3 fatty acids, making turmeric milk a nutritious and complete drink.

15. Helps with Sleep and Anxiety

sleep

A warm glass of turmeric milk before bed can help you relax and sleep better[9]. However, for long-term sleep issues, consult a doctor as it’s only a supportive addition.

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Breast Pain

Side Effects of Turmeric Milk

In large amounts, curcumin may cause stomach pain in some people, this may be accompanied by nausea and cramping. This kind of overdose is highly unlikely with regular turmeric powder or turmeric milk, as the amounts in both of those are safe enough for most people. Make sure the turmeric used is free from adulteration. 

Other than this, there aren’t many serious reactions to worry about with turmeric milk. In case you are lactose intolerant, you should avoid store-bought or readymade turmeric milk, as it can set off a serious allergic reaction. People with known allergies should only consume self-made turmeric milk using allergy-safe ingredients.

Here’s a quick recipe to make this drink.

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies For Dark Neck

How to Make Turmeric Milk?

Also Read: Tamarind (Imli): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Conclusion

A simple glass of turmeric milk has many health benefits that many of us may overlook. From helping in digestion to improving sleep, ‘haldi ka doodh’ can be really beneficial to overall well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is turmeric milk effective for improving sleep?

Turmeric milk is believed to have calming properties, primarily due to its potential to reduce inflammation and soothe the nervous system. Many people find drinking warm turmeric milk before bedtime can promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.

Can turmeric milk be consumed every day?

Yes, turmeric milk can be consumed daily, especially as part of a balanced diet. However, it’s essential to use it in moderation and be mindful of any potential interactions with medications or existing health conditions. Consulting a healthcare professional is advisable, particularly if incorporating it into a daily routine.

Is turmeric milk safe during pregnancy?

Turmeric milk is generally considered safe during pregnancy when consumed in moderate amounts. However, pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider before adding any new ingredients to their diet, including turmeric, to ensure it aligns with their individual health needs.

Can people with lactose intolerance enjoy turmeric milk?

Yes, lactose-intolerant individuals can enjoy turmeric milk by using dairy-free milk alternatives like almond milk, soy milk, or coconut milk. These options provide the same benefits without the lactose found in regular cow’s milk.

Does turmeric milk help with the common cold?

Turmeric milk’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may provide relief for cough and the common cold. The combination of turmeric and warm milk can soothe the throat and promote overall comfort during respiratory illnesses. This can be used as a supportive measure along with prescribed treatment.

What are the benefits of drinking turmeric milk at night?

Turmeric milk is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help calm the body and mind. Drinking it before bedtime can promote relaxation, support better sleep, and help in overall wellness[15].

What are the benefits of turmeric milk for females?

Turmeric milk may offer several benefits for women due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It might help support hormonal balance, improve bone health, and ease menstrual discomfort. Drinking it regularly may also boost immunity, promote healthy skin, and support overall wellness. However, it is advisable to seek medical advice before consuming it, especially for those with underlying health conditions or during pregnancy.

References

  1. Alexandra R Vaughn, Amy Branum, Raja K Sivamani. Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence. Phytother Res. 2016 Aug;30(8):1243-64. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27213821
  2. Dong-wei Zhang, Min Fu, Si-Hua Gao, Jun-Li Liu. Curcumin and Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 Nov 24;2013:636053. Available from:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3857752/#:~:text=The%20most%20active%20component%20of,rodent%20models%20and%20is%20relatively
  3. Sahdeo Prasad, Bharat B. Aggarwal. Turmeric, the Golden Spice. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752
  4. Mishra S, Palanivelu K. The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer’s disease: An overview. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2008 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2781139/#sec1-13 
  5. Ramaholimihaso T, Bouazzaoui F, Kaladjian A. Curcumin in depression: Potential mechanisms of action and current evidence—a narrative review. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020 Nov 27 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7728608/#s9 
  6. Izadi M, Sadri N, Abdi A, Zadeh MMR, Jalaei D, Ghazimoradi MM, et al. Longevity and anti-aging effects of curcumin supplementation. GeroScience. 2024 Feb 27 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11009219/ 
  7. Radomska-Leśniewska DM, Osiecka-Iwan A, Hyc A, Góźdź A, Dąbrowska AM, Skopiński P. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in eye diseases. Central European Journal of Immunology [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1;44(2):181–9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6745545/ 
  8. Shmerling RH MD. Curcumin for arthritis: Does it really work? Harvard Health. 2021 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/curcumin-for-arthritis-does-it-really-work-2019111218290 
  9. Fathi S, Agharloo S, Falahatzadeh M, Bahraminavid S, Homayooni A, Faghfouri AH, et al. Effect of curcumin supplementation on symptoms of anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2024 Jun 3 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405457724001360 
  10. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in the Inflammatory Diseases: Status, Limitations and Countermeasures. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8572027/ 
  11. Nutritional Benefits & Immunity Boosting via Turmeric and Allied Products. Available from: https://pmfme.mofpi.gov.in/newsletters/enewsaugust8/article1.html 
  12. Protective Effects of Curcumin in Cardiovascular Diseases—Impact on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8833931/ 
  13. Effects of Curcumin on Cognitive Function—A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Available from: https://www.xiahepublishing.com/2472-0712/ERHM-2018-00024 
  14. Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin against Helicobacter pylori Isolates from India and during Infections in Mice. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2663130/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Masoor Dal: Uses, Benefits, Nutritional Value & more!

Introduction

Masoor dal (Lens culinaris), also called red lentil, is a staple food in every Indian household. It is widely cultivated in warm, tropical, and temperate zones for its edible and nutritious seeds. In addition, it is an important source of protein for the vegetarian population in developing countries. Masoor dal is red in colour; it is a split whole masoor and does not have any skin. The whole masoor is brown in colour1.   

Nutritional Value of Masoor Dal

Masoor dal is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, vitamins, and other micronutrients1.  Masoor dal is rich in macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive components. The nutritional value of slip masoor dal is given below2.  

Nutritional value of masoor dal (micronutrients) per 100 grams has bioactive phytochemicals like flavonoids, catechin, stigmasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and tannins3.       

Masoor dal has been traditionally used in some cultures for skin care, such as applying it as a paste for general skin support or soothing minor irritations. In some traditional practices, roasted and milled masoor dal has also been used for minor skin discomforts. However, there is currently insufficient scientific evidence to support these uses. These traditional applications should not be considered a substitute for medical treatment3.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Masoor Dal

Masoor dal offers many health benefits, the components of masoor dal may be responsible for these beneficial effects, these beneficial properties are listed below5. 

Potential Uses of Masoor Dal

The presence of a vast majority of nutrients and phytochemicals in masoor dal may be beneficial to health. Its content of vitamins, fibres, and flavonoids is associated with several potential uses, as outlined below. 

1. Potential Uses of Masoor Dal in the Management of Diabetes

Diabetes

High content of fibres and carbohydrates found in masoor dal can benefit people trying to manage their blood sugar levels. Including lentils in the diet may help individuals with type 2 diabetes as it helps in the management of diabetes. It is also recommended in the diet of the general population to prevent diabetes4.  

2. Potential Uses of Masoor Dal in Reducing the Risk of Obesity

Obesity

Consumption of lentils is associated with a reduced risk of obesity. The high fibre content of lentils gives the feeling of fullness sooner, reducing food intake and potentially controlling body weight. You must consult a nutritionist for advice before changing or adding anything to your diet5. 

3. Potential Uses of Masoor Dal as a Protein Source

masoor dal

The high protein content in masoor dal can help individuals who want to improve their protein intake. Make sure to consult a doctor before adding it to your diet to know if it is right for your situation3,6. 

4. Potential Uses of Masoor Dal in Promoting Cardiovascular Health

heart

Consumption of masoor may also be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Pulse consumption may have some effects on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, by having potential effects on serum cholesterol levels. These activities, however, are yet to be proven in humans. Moreover, cardiovascular conditions must be properly diagnosed and treated by a specialist doctor. Therefore, kindly ensure to consult a doctor3,5. 

5. Potential Uses of Masoor Dal for Cancer Prevention

cancer

Consumption of masoor dal might also be  associated with a positive effect on breast cancer in people. Plant lectins found in masoor dal have potent biological activity. They may have anticancer activity. The protease inhibitors found in masoor dal may also have cancer-preventing properties. There is a need for more extensive research to validate the effect of masoor dal in humans. It is important to note that cancer must be diagnosed and treated by a qualified medical professional. Therefore, always consult a doctor for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. 

Although studies show the benefits of masoor dal in different health conditions, this information is insufficient. Hence, there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of masoor dal on human health. Furthermore, every person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using masoor dal for any medical condition3.

Masoor dal is rich in proteins, which makes them incredibly valuable to our diet. In fact, their protein content is closely similar to that of animal proteins, giving them a high food value.This protein can be easily digested, and do not cause harmful uric acid accumulation in our bodies8.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

How to Use Masoor Dal?

Masoor dal can be eaten as whole masoor dal as well as split masoor dal. Before preparation, the masoor dal is checked for any stones or foreign matter, and then they are rinsed with water till the water comes out clear. Masoor dal is then boiled to a stew-like consistency with vegetables and then seasoned with a mixture of spices to make dal, which is usually served with rice and roti2.  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Also Read: Chayote: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More

Side Effects of Masoor Dal

Overconsumption of masoor dal may lead to digestive discomfort, including intestinal gas, abdominal bloating, and cramping. As it is high in dietary fibre, it is advisable to increase its intake gradually to allow the body to adjust. Additionally, drinking sufficient water can help the fibre move smoothly through the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the likelihood of discomfort7.  

If you experience any side effects from consuming masoor dal, consult a doctor immediately. 

Masoor dal contains compounds known as lectins, which may have potential in supporting the body’s defence against retroviral infections such as HIV3. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is a lack of sufficient data regarding the interaction of masoor dal with any other drugs. Therefore, consult a doctor before taking it, especially if you are on medication or are receiving treatment for any condition. 

Also Read: 12 Nutritional Benefits Of Bajra (Pearl Millets)

Conclusion

Masoor dal is a nutritious legume that may offer various health benefits due to its rich content of proteins, fibres, and bioactive compounds. However, further research is needed, and it should be consumed as part of a balanced diet under proper guidance.

Also Read: Urad Dal: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of masoor dal?

Masoor dal is a good protein source. It is also good for the heart and can help in obesity.  

How much fibre is required by our body?

The dietary requirement for fibre depends on many factors such as gender and age.  

Is masoor dal safe for diabetic people?

Masoor dal is generally considered safe for individuals with diabetes, as its high fibre content may help in managing blood glucose levels. It is often recommended as part of a balanced diet for those with type 2 diabetes. However, scientific studies on the specific benefits of masoor dal in humans are currently limited. Therefore, it is essential to consult a qualified healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment before using masoor dal for managing diabetic conditions. It is not advisable to use masoor dal or any other herb as a substitute for prescribed medical treatment without professional guidance. 

How much masoor dal should be consumed to meet the nutritional fibre requirement?  

Avoid depending on one food for your fibre intake. Try to incorporate two more foods to make up for your daily fibre requirement. Including fruits and vegetables would be a good choice. One hundred grams of masoor dal (split masoor) has 4.3 grams of fibre. 

Is masoor dal safe for babies?  

After six months of exclusive breastfeeding, babies can start eating solid foods. Cooked masoor dal would be a good source of fibre, vitamins, and minerals for the baby. Consult a doctor before adding masoor dal to a baby’s diet. 

References

  1. Sireesha G. Power of Indian traditional foods and their benefits [Internet]. ResearchGate. 2024 [cited 2025 May 21]. p. 82–94. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381545665_Power_of_Indian_traditional_foods_and_their_benefits 
  2. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 May 21]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/2441344/nutrients 
  3. (PDF) Role of lentils (Lens culinaris L.) in human health and nutrition: a review [Internet]. ResearchGate. [cited 2025 May 21]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233381829_Role_of_lentils_Lens_culinaris_L_in_human_health_and_nutrition_a_review 
  4. Mahathi Sahukar, Sukumar S, Dal M, Masura F, Yusha Sundried. EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF MASOOR DAL & MASURA YUSHA. International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences [Internet]. 2021 May 29 [cited 2025 May 21];10(6). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352089062_EVALUATION_OF_ANTI-DIABETIC_POTENTIAL_OF_MASOOR_DAL_MASURA  
  5. Alexander R, Khaja A, Debiec N, Fazioli A, Torrance M, Razzaque MS. Health-promoting benefits of lentils: Anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects. Current Research in Physiology [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 May 22];7:100124. Available from: https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC10945126&blobtype=pdf  
  6. Lee HW, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Fu C, Huang D. Physicochemical and functional properties of red lentil protein isolates from three origins at different pH. Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2021 Oct [cited 2025 May 22];358:129749. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881462100755X?via%3Dihub  
  7. Chamberlin ML, Wilson SMG, Gaston ME, Kuo WY, Miles MP. Twelve Weeks of Daily Lentil Consumption Improves Fasting Cholesterol and Postprandial Glucose and Inflammatory Responses—A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients [Internet]. 2024 Jan 1 [cited 2025 May 22];16(3):419. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/419  
  8. Butu M, Rodino S, Butu A, Butnariu M. Screening of bioflavonoid and antioxidant activity of Lens culinaris Medikus. Digest J Nanomater Biostructures. 2014 Apr–Jun;9(2):519–29. Available from: https://chalcogen.ro/519_Butu.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Stone Flower (Kalpasi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Stone flower, also known as Parmelia perlata, belongs to the family Parmeliaceae. It is a perennial lichen found on dead wood or rocks in the temperate Himalayas1. It is frequently used as a spice for flavouring food items2.  

Other Names Of Stone Flower

It is also known as

Properties of Stone Flower

Potential Uses of Stone Flower

1. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Antiulcer Activity

Peptic Ulcer

The ethanolic extract of stone flower exhibited significant gastroprotective potential against alcohol, aspirin, cold restraint, and pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model3. However, this study was conducted on animals, not humans. Therefore, we require more human studies to suggest the benefits of stone flower in managing gastric ulcers.

2. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Antidiabetic Activity

diabetes

The aqueous extract of stone flower in a study, when administered to rats, exhibited significant antidiabetic activity. It reduced the haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C level), fasting blood glucose (FBG), increased plasma insulin level and normalised glucose metabolising enzymes’ activity.

It may also considerably improved serum lipid profile by decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), cholesterol, serum triglyceride, phospholipids, free fatty acids and possibly increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level3.

The methanolic extract of stone flower also was studied to exhibit significant blood glucose-lowering potential in the oral glucose tolerance test, noteworthy free radical scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a rat model3. However, this information is insufficient, and we require large-scale human trials to provide the benefits of stone flower in humans for its anti-diabetic effect. Diabetes is a serious health problem; hence, a proper diagnosis and treatment are needed, thus please consult a qualified doctor for proper advice.

3. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Antioxidant Activity

Kalpasi

In studies, the ethanolic extract of the stone flower exhibited significant antioxidant potential and a good free radical scavenging effect. In addition, the methanolic extract of the stone flower in a study showed noteworthy antioxidant activity when tested in phosphomolybdenum reduction and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay3. These claims may need further research to establish their effect on humans.

4. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Cytotoxic Activity

cancer

The methanolic extract of the stone flower was found to have cytotoxic activity and exhibited antiproliferation against colon cancer cell lines in studies3. However these studies were performed on animals and human studies will be needed to understand a similar impact on humans.

5. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Hypolipidaemic Activity

Cholesterol normal range

The methanolic extract of the stone flower exhibited significant hypolipidaemic activity when tested by an in-vitro anticholesterol assay3. However, these effects need to be ascertained by more research.

6. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Antibacterial Activity

Kalpasi

The acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extract of the stone flower was studied to have significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, studies show the hydro-alcoholic extract of the stone flower was found to be significantly active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Corynebacterium xerosis.

The antibacterial potential of stone flower might be due to the presence of usnic acid3. The methanolic extract of the stone flower also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive foodborne bacteria. The aqueous-methanolic extract of the stone flower was also effective against P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, E. coli, Bacillus pumilus, S. aureus, Citrobacter freundii, K. pneumonia, and Streptococcus pneumoniae3.  

7. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Antiviral Activity

infection

The polysaccharide fraction of the stone flower was investigated for cytotoxicity on cell lines, and it was found to possess specific antiviral potential against the yellow fever virus that attacks the viral envelope3.

Stone flowers might aid in cough. Other than its anti-ulcer and anti-oxidant nature, the Stone flower is believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties that might keep the cough-causing bacteria at bay.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

8. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Hepatoprotective Activity

liver

The aqueous slurry of stone flower exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity when investigated in a rat model3. However these studies are conducted on animals and not much evidence is available for its effect on humans. Please consult a doctor for treatment of liver-related issues and do not self-medicate.  

9. Potential Uses of Stone Flower For Antiurolithiatic Activity

kidney health

The hydro-alcoholic extract of stone flower exhibited significant antiurolithiatic (reduced formation of crystallizing salts) activity when tested in an in-vitro model3.  

Though there are studies that show the potential use of stone flower in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of stone flowers on human health.  

Use Stone flowers to liven up your relationship with your lover! Stone flower extracts may also be used as an aphrodisiac to improve libido in addition to their other medical uses.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Stone Flower?

Stone flower can be used in the following forms: 

You may consult your Ayurvedic physician for the form and dosage. In addition, we advise you to not replace or quit your current medications with any herbal preparations made from cardamom without talking to a physician or an Ayurvedic doctor.

Also Read: Tejpatta (Bay Leaf): Benefits, Side Effects, Nutritional Value & More

Precautions to Take with Stone Flower

There are no major side effects reported with the use of stone flower, but you must consult your doctor if you experience any side effects.  

Also Read: Kachnar Uses, Benefits & Nutritional Value

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is not much information available on how stone flower interacts with other medications. Hence, patients should consult a doctor before taking stone flower if they take any other drug or supplement.

Researchers believe that due to its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory nature, the Stone flower might be helpful in conditions such as conjunctivitis (inflammation of the outer layer of the eyelid).

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Chandraprabha Vati – Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Dagad phool? 

Stone Flower in Marathi is known as Dagad phool1. 

Can stone flower be consumed during breastfeeding? 

There is no evidence of the effect of its consumption during pregnancy therefore, you should ask your doctor before consuming it. 

Is stone flower useful for yellow fever? 

Stone flower might be beneficial in the management of yellow fever. Yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes and is a tropical viral disease that affects the kidneys and liver, which causes jaundice and fever. Stone flower might be able to inhibit the yellow fever virus primarily because of its antiviral activity3. The data from studies on the effect of stone flowers on humans is insufficient thus it should be taken under the supervision of a doctor.

Is stone flower good for controlling diabetes? 

Stone flower might be helpful in controlling diabetes as it was found to reduce the HbA1C level, FBG, increase insulin level and normalise glucose metabolising enzymes activity3. However, you should consult a doctor for treatment of diabetes and conditions.

Is stone flower good for skin disease? 

Stone flower might be helpful for the management of skin disease as it is mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India that it is therapeutically useful in kustha (skin diseases)3. Consult a dermatologist for proper advise.

Can the stone flower relieve a headache? 

The smoke of stone flower is helpful in relieving headaches4. 

Can I consume stone flower during pregnancy? 

There is no such evidence of the effects of its consumption during pregnancy; therefore, you should ask your doctor before consuming it. 

References

  1. Health MOF, Welfare F. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part 1 2001;3:129–30. Available from: https://pcimh.gov.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=1&ls_id=56&lid=54
  2. Leela K, Anchana Devi C. Isolation, Purification and Application of Secondary Metabolites From Lichen Parmelia Perlata. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017;14:1413–28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2587.
  3. Goyal PK, Verma SK, Sharma AK. PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF LICHEN PARMELIA PERLATA: A REVIEW. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm 2016;7:102–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.07138.
  4. Farooq A, Waheed U. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. Asian J Biol Life Sci 2012:72–5. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265177698_Silibinin_Inhibits_Proliferation_Induces_Apoptosis_and_Causes_Cell_Cycle_Arrest_in_Human_Gastric_Cancer_MGC803_Cells_Via_STAT3_Pathway_Inhibition

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Top 18 Zinc-Rich Foods For Vegetarians

Introduction

People these-days are getting very particular about their health and are focusing on natural ways to build their immunity. Their attention is diverting towards consuming a good diet rich in essential nutrients which helps strengthen the immune system, and the mineral zinc plays a crucial role when it comes to boosting immunity and improving health. 

Zinc is a trace mineral that plays an important role in many body functions. About 60% of zinc is present in the muscles, 30% in bone,  ​hair, skin and plasma​, and some in organs like pancreas, liver, kidney​ and brain. ​Zinc is essential for healthy immunity because of its role in the ​activation of T lymphocytes ​ ​and enhancing functioning of natural killer cells ​(major components of your immune system).​ It is also vital for over several enzymes in the body, and plays a role in protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and is necessary for a proper sense of taste and smell1.  

Zinc deficiency is a common issue because your body doesn’t store it, so you need to get enough zinc from your daily diet. Knowing the right food items to choose can help boost your zinc levels and maintain proper functioning of the body including immune support. In this blog, we will discuss about some food sources that are rich in zinc and can keep your health in good shape.  

Recommended Daily Dose of Zinc

Before we move onto the sources, let’s understand the daily requirement of zinc by our body.  

Actually, only a small amount of zinc is needed to maintain good health. According to ​ICMR 2020, the recommended daily allowance of zinc for women is 13.2 mg and for men is 17mg. ​ For pregnant women, the recommended daily intake of zinc is 14.5 mg, and for breastfeeding women, it is 14.1 mg2. 

Though the requirement of zinc by the body is minimal, it is essential for proper functioning. Low levels of zinc may cause diarrhoea, stunted growth, hair fall, eye, and skin lesions, loss of libido, and suppressed immunity.  

I may suggest a fantastic option for all the veggie lovers out there who want to ensure they’re getting enough zinc: raw green peas! These vibrant little green gems might not only be delicious but are also packed with this essential mineral. In fact, 100 g of raw green peas may provide you with approximately 1.24 mg of zinc19.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Best Zinc-Rich Foods for Vegetarians

Animal foods are considered to be the best sources of zinc. Since there are lesser plant-based sources of zinc available, vegetarians are more likely to fall short on this mineral. However, there are some best plant-based sources of zinc available for vegetarians. These include the following – 

1. Chickpeas

chickpeas

Indians commonly use chickpeas in their meals. If you want to fill your zinc requirement without eating meat, then chickpeas are the best option. A small cup​ containing 100g of raw chickpea will provide 2.7 mg zinc3. You can use chickpeas in curries, salads, or snacks.

I would recommend boiled lima beans if you’re looking to boost your zinc intake. These mighty legumes might not only provide a burst of flavour but may also offer a valuable source of this essential mineral. They boast an impressive 1mg of zinc per 100 g of boiled lima beans18! 

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

2. Lentils

lentils

Lentils are the best source of zinc. They are also low in fat and calories, and contain essential nutrients like proteins and fiber. A cup of approximately 100gms contains zinc about 3.31 mg in whole and 3.6 mg of in dal lentil4. Use them in regular meals in the form of curries.  

3. Pumpkin seeds

pumpkin seeds

Pumpkin seeds are super versatile and easy to add to countless meals. ​100gm of pumpkin seeds contain 7.8 mg of Zinc5. Consuming a  diet rich in pumpkin seeds could increase immunity and fight inflammation in the body.​​​

4. Watermelon seeds

watermelon seeds

​​While having fresh watermelon juice, don’t throw its seeds. Believe it or not, watermelon seeds are highly nutritious, containing zinc and other micronutrients. 100gm of watermelon seeds contain 10.13 mg to 10.24 mg of zinc6, you can dry them and eat them as a daily snack. These seeds help enhance immunity and may aid in keeping your heart healthy. 

​​​5. Sunflower seeds

sunflower seeds

Sunflower seeds are a rich source of zinc. About 100g of sunflower seeds contain 5mg of zinc7. These can also be healthy for your heart and boost energy levels. Sunflower seeds can be consumed raw or roasted. You can add them to seed trail mix or oatmeal porridge for a tasty and healthy snack. 

6. Hemp seeds

hemp seeds

Hemp seeds are loaded with unsaturated fats and zinc. 100g of chia seed gives 7mg of zinc9. Hemp seeds are also rich in amino acids arginine, which may help to reduce the risk of heart diseases. Try sprinkling them on yoghurt or salads.  

Based on my experience, if you’re on the lookout for a zinc-rich food, look no further than chia seeds. These tiny seeds might not only be versatile but also packed with nutrients, including zinc. Just 100 g of chia seeds may contain 4.58 μg of zinc8, making them an excellent option for all the veg folks out there.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

7. Beans

black beans

​​Beans are another excellent source of zinc, especially kidney and black beans. These beans are also high in soluble and insoluble fibers, proteins, iron, phosphorus, and calcium that support overall health. A cup of black beans (100g of raw rajmah) contains 3​.08 ​mg of zinc, and a half cup of cooked kidney beans contains 0.9 mg of zinc. ​ ​While 100g raw Cowpea (chawali) and moog dal will give 3.57 mg and 2.49mg of zinc, respectively. ​ ​​ 

8. Oatmeal​

oatmeal

Oats are the classic breakfast because it is a nutrient-dense food item. Oatmeal is loaded with zinc, fibers, folate, vitamin B6 and beta-glucan. About half a cup of oats contains 1.3 mg of zinc10. Oats can also help regulate cholesterol levels and keep your heart healthy.  

9. Cashew

cashews

Cashews are one of the delicious options to get natural, plant-based zinc. Whether you eat them raw or roasted, you will get about​​ 5.34 mg of zinc from  100g of cashew nuts (approx. 6 number (14.5g) will provide 0.77mg of zinc)​. They are rich in vitamin A, vitamin K, copper, folate, and healthy unsaturated fat. Eating cashews may also be healthy for the heart by promoting good cholesterol11.  

I may have a great recommendation for all the vegetarians. Did you know that pecans might be an awesome choice to get your zinc fix? These tasty nuts might not only make a delightful snack but may also pack a punch when it comes to getting your zinc dosage. Only 100 g of pecans may contain a whopping 4.53 mg of zinc17! 

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

10. Almonds

almonds

Almonds are not just excellent sources of energy they’re also jam-packed with nutrients. Almonds are great sources of zinc, protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and fiber. A handful of almonds can be a healthy, energy-rich snack as well as an easy way to boost your zinc levels. 100g of almond gives 3.5mg of zinc (12 number or 14g will give 0.49mg of zinc). Almonds can also be added to a variety of dishes, from desserts to Mughlai cuisine. 

Also Read: What Causes High Vitamin B12 Levels & How to Manage It

11. Curd​

curd

A low-fat curd or yoghurt gives us good bacteria for a healthy gut and also provides enough amount of zinc. A cup of curd or yoghurt contains 1.5 mg of zinc. It is best for digestion and for boosting your immunity13.  

​​12. Dark chocolate​

dark chocolate

Dark chocolate is loaded with zinc. A hundred grams of dark chocolate contains 3.5 mg of zinc12. But dark chocolate is also rich in calories and sugar, therefore consume it in moderation. 

I may advise incorporating flax seeds in your diet if you’re looking to up your zinc game. These tiny wonders are not only packed with goodness but also happen to be a fantastic source of zinc. With a generous 4.34 mg of zinc per 100 g, they may be an excellent choice to fulfill your nutritional requirements16.

Dr. Ashok Pal, BAMS

13. Soyabean

soyabeans

​​Soyabean is a popular vegetarian as well as vegan food option that offers a good amount of zinc per serving. About 100 grams of this can contain about  4.01mg of zinc14. Moreover, Soyabean can be used for several different kinds of recipes, making it a versatile source of zinc Tofu prepared from soyabean can be a good option suitable for several recipes.​ 

14. Brown Rice​

brown rice

Any type of unprocessed rice, be it brown, red or black is a good source of zinc for vegetarians. This type of rice is also known as wild rice and it provides 1.6 mg of zinc in every 100 grams. You can sauté them with veggies to make a wholesome meal. 

15. Spinach​

spinach

This list is incomplete without this green leafy vegetable that is often considered the best source of vitamins and minerals for vegetarians15. It provides about 4 mg of zinc in every 100 gms of serving, making it one of the healthiest foods on this list. 

16. Mushrooms

mushrooms

Last but not least, button mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms are also high sources of zinc. In a 100-calorie serving of white button mushrooms, there is about 8 mg of zinc. In a similar 200-calorie serving of shiitake mushroom, there is 5 mg of zinc.  Along with an attractive umami flavour, these mushrooms can also be considered a great vegetarian source of zinc. 

17. Whole Grains

whole grains

​​The cover or top part of grains is usually one of the most mineral-rich parts of the seed. Typically, during the production of refined flours, the germ is removed, lowering the nutrient value. Apart from having a good amount of zinc, these also contain numerous vitamins, minerals, and ample fiber making it a healthy food choice. ​    

​​​100g of whole wheat gives 2.85 mg of zinc, which means one medium size chapatti (25g of wheat flour), gives 0.71mg of zinc. 

​Other whole grains like samolina (rawa) 100gm gives 2.13 mg of zinc, 2 tbs gives 0.63 mg of zinc (around ¾ cup of upama /sheera ).​​ 

​​Bajara is also good source giving about 2.76 mg of zinc /100g.

18. Moong

moong

Moong is a type of bean also called moong dal and is consumed widely across India. It can be eaten raw, boiled, sprouted or whole. Moong has a zinc content of about 2.6mg per 100g. This makes it an excellent source of zinc, a daily serving can provide up to 24% of your daily requirement. Sprouted moong is the healthier option as it offers better absorption of minerals like zinc. 

​​Moreover, Indian spices like ajawain (5.67mg ), mustard seeds (4.03mg ), khus khus seed ( 6.38mg ) / 100g are also good source of zinc. Adding these to your favourite dishes doesn’t only enhance the taste but also adds on the health benefits. ​ 

Also Read: Top Food Sources of Calcium for Your Bones

Conclusion

Zinc is an essential mineral required by the body for proper functioning. Zinc is present in many natural sources such as meat, seafood, beans, legumes, seeds, and nuts. If you are vegetarian or vegan, then you need to increase your intake by eating plant-based sources like cereals. These foods are easily available and delicious addition to your routine diet. Adding zinc-rich foods to your diet is a natural way to support your immune system and keep infections at bay. However, if you feel you have a low immunity, consult your doctor to understand ​the underlying cause and appropriate management.​

Also Read: High Dietary Fiber Foods That You Should Eat Every Day!

References

  1. Office of Dietary Supplements. Zinc: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health; [updated 2024 Jul; cited 2025 Jun 6]. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/
  2. ICMR-NIN Expert Group on Nutrient Requirement for Indians. Recommended dietary allowances and estimated average requirements – 2020: a short report. Hyderabad: ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition. 2020. Available from: https://drklbcollege.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DOC-20220614-WA0002_-1.pdf  
  3. Wallace TC, Murray R, Zelman KM. The Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Chickpeas and Hummus. Nutrients. 2016 Nov 29;8(12):766. doi: 10.3390/nu8120766. Available from: Wallace TC, Murray R, Zelman KM. The Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Chickpeas and Hummus. Nutrients. 2016 Nov 29;8(12):766. doi: 10.3390/nu8120766. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5188421/  
  4. Alexander R, Khaja A, Debiec N, Fazioli A, Torrance M, Razzaque MS. Health-promoting benefits of lentils: Anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects. Curr Res Physiol. 2024 Mar 5;7:100124. doi: 10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100124. PMID: 38501131; PMCID: PMC10945126. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10945126/
  5. Devi NM, Prasad RV, Sagarika N. A review on health benefits and nutritional composition of pumpkin seeds. Int J Chem Stud. 2018;6(3):1154–1157. Available from: https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/?ArticleId=2656&issue=3&vol=6&year=2018&utm
  6. Nissar J, Sidiqi US, Dar AH, Akbar U. Nutritional composition and bioactive potential of watermelon seeds: a pathway to sustainable food and health innovation. Sustainable Food Technol. 2025;3:375–395. doi:10.1039/D4FB00335G. Available at: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/fb/d4fb00335g  
  7. Muhammad Anjum, F., Nadeem, M., Issa Khan, M. and Hussain, S. (2012), “Nutritional and therapeutic potential of sunflower seeds: a review”, British Food Journal, Vol. 114 No. 4, pp. 544-552. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701211219559 
  8. Ullah R, Nadeem M, Khalique A, Imran M, Mehmood S, Javid A, Hussain J. Nutritional and therapeutic perspectives of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.): a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2016 Apr;53(4):1750-8. doi: 10.1007/s13197-015-1967-0. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4926888/ 
  9. Tănase Apetroaei V, Pricop EM, Istrati DI, Vizireanu C. Hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) as a valuable source of natural ingredients for functional foods—a review. Molecules. 2024 May 1;29(9):2097. doi: 10.3390/molecules29092097. PMID: 38731588; PMCID: PMC11085560. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11085560/
  10. Rasane P, Jha A, Sabikhi L, Kumar A, Unnikrishnan VS. Nutritional advantages of oats and opportunities for its processing as value added foods – a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2015 Feb;52(2):662–75. doi: 10.1007/s13197-013-1072-1. PMID: 25694675; PMCID: PMC4325078. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4325078/
  11. Rico R, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Nutritional composition of raw fresh cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) kernels from different origin. Food Sci Nutr. 2015 Oct 6;4(2):329-38. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.294. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4779481/  
  12. Cinquanta L, Di Cesare C, Manoni R, Piano A, Roberti P, Salvatori G. Mineral essential elements for nutrition in different chocolate products. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Nov;67(7):773-8. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1199664. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27346251/  
  13. Hadjimbei E, Botsaris G, Chrysostomou S. Beneficial effects of yoghurts and probiotic fermented milks and their functional food potential. Foods. 2022 Sep 3;11(17):2691. doi: 10.3390/foods11172691. PMID: 36076876; PMCID: PMC9455928. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455928/
  14. Michelfelder AJ. Soy: a complete source of protein. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Jan 1;79(1):43–7. PMID: 19145965. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19145965/
  15. Roberts JL, Moreau R. Functional properties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) phytochemicals and bioactives. Food Funct. 2016 Aug 10;7(8):3337–53. doi: 10.1039/c6fo00051g. PMID: 27353735. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27353735/
  16. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Seeds, flaxseed: Nutrient data for 100 g. FoodData Central. 2018 [cited 2025 Jun 9]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169414/nutrients
  17. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Nuts, pecans: Nutrient data for 100 g. FoodData Central. 2018 [cited 2025 Jun 9]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170182/nutrients
  18. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Seeds, flaxseed: Nutrient data for 100 g. FoodData Central. 2018 [cited 2025 Jun 9]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169414/nutrients
  19. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Peas, green, raw: Nutrient data for 100 g. FoodData Central. 2018 [cited 2025 Jun 9]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170419/nutrients

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Kulthi Dal: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Kulthi dal, also known as horse gram, is a tropical and subtropical legume. Ayurveda and Sri Lankan traditional healers have known about its therapeutic properties for ages.

It’s primarily used as a tonic, astringent, and diuretic, and it’s also helpful for rheumatism, neuralgia, and other ailments. Natural phenols, primarily phenolic acids, flavonoids, and the primary antioxidants, are abundant in horse gram seeds.

Kulthi Dal is classified as animal fodder, and its full potential as a component of the human diet is yet to be realised. It can be consumed as seeds, sprouts, or as a meal on its own.  

Nutritional Value of Kulthi Dal

Horse gram is a high-protein food (22-24%). Carbohydrates (57.2%), fats (1.1%), vitamins, minerals (3.2%), and a considerable amount of soluble fibres are all found in its seeds.

These tiny seeds are high in various minerals and micronutrients that may have potential benefits for our health in multiple ways. It contains the following nutrients per 100 grams: 

Properties of Kulthi Dal

These seeds extract may have

Potential Uses of Kulthi Dal

Kulthi Dal may have enormous therapeutic potential, it must be explored as a source for the nutraceutical and food businesses2.

1. Potential Uses of Kulthi Dal for the Management of Hypercholesteremia

cholesterol

Kulthi dal may reduce the extent of hypercholesteremia (high cholesterol deposition). It might have some effect on the absorption of cholesterol and speed up the catabolism (breakdown) of cholesterol into bile acid. The phenolic compounds present in the kulthi dal may also possess hypolipidemic and cholesterol-reducing activity by increasing the excretion of cholesterol in faeces3. If you are suffering from high blood cholesterol, you need to adhere to your doctor’s advice and treatment. Also, if you want to use kulthi dal for its properties, make sure to consult with your doctor.

2. Potential Uses of Anti-microbial Activity of Kulthi Dal

skin infections

Extracts of kulthi dal may have shown anti-microbial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It might show a wide range of anti-microbial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa4. 

3. Potential Uses of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Kulthi Dal

reduces inflammation

Kulthi dal has phenolic groups, which might have some effect on the human secretory phospholipase A2 enzyme, which causes inflammation. Hence, it might exhibit anti-inflammatory activity5. This information is not sufficient, as these studies are not conducted on humans. However, human trials are required to suggest the benefits of kulthi dal for wound healing. Therefore, it is important to first speak to your concerned doctors and only use kulthi dal as a herb.

4. Potential Uses of Anti-diabetic Activity of Kulthi Dal

Home Remedies For Diabetes

Kulthi dal has a low glycaemic index, making it a useful dietary supplement for diabetic patients. It has an alpha-amylase inhibitor, which may help manage diabetes by decreasing serum glucose levels. The kulthi dal seeds may help in carbohydrate metabolism and thereby delay their digestion and absorption6. However, if you are suffering from diabetes, you need to consult your healthcare provider before using Kulthi dal or any other herb to help with your symptoms.

5. Potential Uses of Antioxidant Activity of Kulthi Dal

kulthi dal

Kulthi dal improves high-fat-induced oxidative stress and may improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase, along with an increase in glutathione concentrations. They may also exhibit high radical-scavenging activity7.  

6. Benefits of Anti-choliolithic Activity of Kulthi dal

liver

Kulthi dal decreases the formation of the lithogenic bile and hence it may exhibit antilithogenic (cholesterol-lowering) activity. It reduces the hypersecretion of cholesterol into bile and increases bile acid output. It might also decrease hepatic (liver) fatty degradation8.  

How to Use Kulthi Dal?

Seeds are consumed as a whole (boiled), sprouts, in curry, or whole meals and are particularly popular in southern Indian regions.  

To improve the nutritional quality of kulthi dal, procedures like de-husking, germination, heating and roasting can be used1.  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

Side Effects of Kulthi Dal

Horse gram is highly nutritious and has several health benefits, but it also has a few potential side effects. 

Precautions to Take with Kulthi Dal

It is suggested that, despite no significant reported side effects of kulthi dal, it may demonstrate substantial undesirable effects as a medicinal product when we use it in higher doses or for a longer duration. A higher dosage of kulthi dal should only be taken under clinical supervision2. 

Interaction with Other Medicines

If taken in large quantities, kulthi dal may have an adverse effect when used as a medication. Also, unsupervised and unmonitored kulthi dal consumption by people with health conditions (like diabetes and liver diseases) may complicate or worsen some conditions. 

Kulthi dal may assist medications for diabetes in lowering blood sugar, but if taken in very high doses, blood sugar levels may go very low. One should take proper medical advice if they are interested in taking kulthi dal6. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the traditional uses of kulthi dal? 

Various components of the plant M. uniflorum have been utilised for thousands of years in medical systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani to treat a variety of internal and external maladies. 

What are the internal uses of kulthi dal? 

The decoction of dried seeds of kulthi dal is used in traditional medicine for having a potential effect on amenorrhea, urolithiasis, bile stones, conjunctivitis, rheumatism, piles, diabetes mellitus, dysuria, colic and flatulence (with Asafoetida), oedema, mumps, goitre, and phlegmatic diseases (with pepper). However, you must avoid using Kulthi dal for any disease conditions or properties without prior consultation with your doctor.

What are the external uses of kulthi dal? 

A roasted seed powder is applied all over the body to control excessive sweating. Seed poultices are also used to make people sweat. Seed paste is applied to the skin to enhance the skin’s complexion. Seed paste is also used to treat goitre and mumps.  The studies available seem to be insufficient to provide sufficient scientific evidence for these effects of kulthi dal. You must consult your doctor for better advice.

What are the different micronutrients found in kulthi dal? 

Among pulses, kulthi dal has the highest calcium concentration. Horse gram is poor in methionine and tryptophan as a legume, but it is a good source of iron and molybdenum.

Reference

  1. Ranasinghe R, Ediriweera E. Medicinal and Nutritional Values of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc (Kulattha): A Conceptual Study. Glob J Pharmaceu Sci. 2017; 1(2): 555559. Commons Attribution 4.0 License. DOI: 10.19080/GJPPS.2017.01.555559. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347837439_Medicinal_and_Nutritional_Values_of_Macrotyloma_uniflorum_Lam_Verdc_Kulattha_A_Conceptual_Study 
  2. Prasad, S. K., & Singh, M. K. (2015). Horse gram- an underutilized nutraceutical pulse crop: a review. Journal of food science and technology, 52(5), 2489–2499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1312-z. 
  3. Kumar D, Prashanthi G, Avasarala H, Banji D. Antihypercholesterolemic Effect of Macrotyloma uniflorum(Lam.) Verdc (Fabaceae) Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Journal of Dietary Supplements. 2013;10(2):116-128. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23725525/
  4. Kawsar SMA, Seraj Uddin M, Huq E, Nahar N, Yasuhiro Ozeki (2008) Biological investigation of M. uniflorum Linn. extracts against some pathogens. Journal of Biological Sciences 8(6): 1051-1056. Available from : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46031476_Biological_Investigation_of_Macrotyloma_uniflorum_Linn_Extracts_Against_Some_Pathogens
  5. S., G. A., N. M, V. Joshi, V. B. S., and D. K. K. ”HUMAN SECRETORY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 (sPLA2) INHIBITION BY AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM (SEED) AS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 7, no. 13, Oct. 2015, pp. 217-22, Available from: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijpps/article/view/7868. 
  6. Laxmi H. Gupta, Sachin L. Badole, Subhash L. Bodhankar & Sushma G. Sabharwal (2011) Antidiabetic potential of α-amylase inhibitor from the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice, Pharmaceutical Biology, 49:2, 182-189, DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.507633. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21043992/
  7. Perumal Siddhuraju; Sellamuthu Manian (2007). The antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of dietary phenolic extracts from horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) seeds. , 105(3), 950–958. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.040. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814607003998
  8. Bigoniya, P., Bais, S., & Sirohi, B. (2014). The effect of Macrotyloma uniflorum seed on bile lithogenicity against diet-induced cholelithiasis in mice. Ancient science of life, 33(4), 242–251. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7941.147433. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4293752/
  9. Mao B , Tang H , Gu J , Li D , Cui S , Zhao J , Zhang H , Chen W . In vitro fermentation of raffinose by the human gut bacteria. Food Funct. 2018 Nov 14;9(11):5824-5831. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01687a. PMID: 30357216. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9000249/
  10. Pramod SN, Krishnakantha TP, Venkatesh YP. Effect of horse gram lectin (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) on degranulation of mast cells and basophils of atopic subjects: identification as an allergen. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006 Nov;6(11):1714-22. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.07.006. Epub 2006 Aug 4. PMID: 16979126. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16979126/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Toor Dal: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Toor dal or pigeon peas is a common legume found in Indian kitchens. It is known by many different names in different parts of India, such as Arhar dal in Hindi, Adhaki in Sanskrit, and Tur in Bengali. This dal is rich in essential nutrients and said to have several health benefits. It is a great source of proteins and fibres while being low in calories1. Thus, Toor dal forms an important component of Indian cooking and is a staple food particularly among vegetarians in India.  

In this blog, we will discuss the nutritional value, potential health benefits and side effects of Toor dal. We’ll also share how this dal can be included as a healthy option in a delicious yet balanced meal.  

Nutritional Value of Toor Dal

Toor dal is rich in the nutrients given below2: 

Potential Health Benefits of Toor Dal

1. Toor dal is beneficial for diabetics

diabetes

Toor dal is rich in protein that might help avoid type 2 diabetes. It is found that in patients with diabetes, regular intake of Toor dal may help lower their blood sugar levels3. 

2. Toor dal may help balance cholesterol levels

cholesterol

Toor dal may also help regulate blood cholesterol. It may ​show a ​decrease in total cholesterol and LDL (bad cholesterol) due to its antioxidant activity and high fibre content3. 

While the information on its antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects requires more human trials, it seems to be a healthy natural way to improve your blood sugar and cholesterol levels. Yet, it is advisable to speak to your concerned doctors before incorporating Toor dal in your routine especially if you have any medical issues. 

Over the years, I have observed that water extract of ​Toor​ dal may have​ a​ potential in improving systolic and diastolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. It is believed that certain components in these extracts may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure regulation11.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

3. Toor dal can help with wound healing

wound healing

The anti-inflammatory activity of Toor dal may help to reduce inflammation in the wounded tissue and activate tissue formation. Thus, it potentially helps in the re-modelling of tissues4,5.  

5. Tool dal can be good for liver health

liver

Some studies6 have shown that extract of Toor dal leaves can have protective effects on the liver. It can help in fighting jaundice and alcohol-induced liver damage5. 

6. Toor dal may help with weight management

weight management

Due to its high fibre and protein and low-calorie content, it can keep you full for longer and avoid cravings. Moreover, it affects gastric and pancreatic enzyme secretion that can help supporting your weight loss efforts7. 

7. Potential use of Toor dal in malaria

The leaves of Toor dal consist of a component called chalcone. Chalcone is an active compound that may have anti-malarial benefits. Also, as Toor dal is rich in iron and protein, it can help deal with anaemia and tissue damage caused by malaria8. However, remember these conditions should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Natural remedies must only be used as an adjunct and never replace medical treatment. 

8. Other potential benefits of Toor dal

inflammation

Toor dal (the seeds), its flowers, and leaves can be used to prepare tea that ​might help for soothing inflammation and blood disorders. Toor dal tea made using its flower may be helpful for upper respiratory infections and pain. Toor dal is also said to have antimicrobial properties, so its tea using leaves may help to overcome yellow fever, cough, fever, urinary tract infections, and ulcers5.   

Although studies show the benefits of Toor dal in different health conditions, there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of its the benefits on human health. Furthermore, every person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using Toor dal for any medical condition. 

Based on my experience, I have found that toor dal, known for its hepatoprotective function, has the potential to up-regulate and counteract the inflammatory process in the liver. This potential mechanism could help minimize liver damage, delay disease progression, and reduce complications11.  

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Chayote: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More 

How to Use Toor Dal?

Toor dal can be cooked and consumed with cereals for a wholesome meal. It can be made into a soup or used as Toor dal flour for added taste. Toor dal leaves can be used to make tea which can have potential health benefits as discussed above. Moreover, toot dal leaves can be ground to make a paste and used as topical application for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, remember to consume in moderate quantities. It is advisable to consult your doctor before taking ​Toor​ dal more than food dosage. Your doctor will examine you thoroughly and advise you on the dose and form accordingly.  

In addition, we recommend you do not replace or discontinue your ongoing medications with any ayurvedic or herbal preparations without seeking the medical advice of a doctor. 

Also Read: Moong Dal: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Side Effects of Toor Dal

Usually, Toor dal consumption in moderate quantities in diet is safe. Yet, individuals may respond differently and some side effects may occur in some. These include:  

Care should be taken, especially by pregnant women and lactating mothers while taking Toor dal. Also, extra caution should be taken while giving it to children and elderly individuals. 

If you notice any reactions after consumption in any form or its topical application, seek immediate medical attention. Consult your physician; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it effectively. 

In my experience, I have come across cases where Toor dal has been used as a remedy for controlling sickle cell anaemia. It is believed that Toor dal may help in managing the sickling of red blood cells in individuals with sickle cell disease11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Conclusion

Toor dal is a common food item used in Indian cooking. Toor dal is rich in nutrients and is said to have potential benefits for regulating blood sugar and cholesterol levels, weight management and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. But remember, it may have side effects in some individuals. As it is loaded with protein, people with digestive disorders or other medical conditions must exercise precaution while consuming it in excess. Consult a doctor before consuming Toor dal in more than food quantity. Although in ayurvedic practises, Toor dal is used for several conditions, however, medical treatment is the cornerstone to treat these and home remedies like Toor dal should only be used as adjunct.

Also Read: Urad Dal: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Should I soak the Toor dal before cooking? 

Yes, soaking toor dal helps to reduce the cooking time. It requires soaking of at least 24 hours for best results. 

Is Toor dal a good source of protein?  

Toor dal soup or curry is a very good source of fibre, protein and carbohydrates. 

Does Toor dal cause flatulence?  

Toor dal consists of a class of carbohydrates called oligosaccharides that is difficult to digest. So, it may cause flatulence when consumed in excess. 

Does Toor dal have a laxative effect?  

Fresh juice or boiled Toor dal leaves have a laxative property. Therefore, fresh juice of Toor dal leaves could be used to treat constipation. Consult a doctor before using ​Toor​ dal for its laxative effects. 

References

  1. Pal D, Mishra P, Sachan N, Ghosh A. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011; 2:207. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.90874  
  2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Jun 2]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/565000/nutrients   
  3. Roosdiana A, Fitri Hendrawan V, Wulandari M, Ariviani S, Affandi DR, Listyaningsih E, et al. The potential of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) beverage as an anti-diabetic functional drink. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci. 2018;102:12054. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/102/1/012054  
  4. Motiwala MN, Gupta RA, Dumore NG, Danao KR. In vivo wound healing activity of Cajanus cajan on burn wound model in mice by regulating antioxidant and inflammatory mediators. J Pharm Care Health Syst. 2015;02:5. Available from: https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/in-vivo-wound-healing-activity-of-cajanus-cajan-on-burn-wound-model-in-mice-by-regulating-antioxidant-and-inflammatory-mediators-30322.html  
  5. Saxena KB, Kumar RV, Sultana R. Quality nutrition through pigeonpea-a review. Health 2010;2:1335–44. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4236/HEALTH.2010.211199.  
  6. Jadhav GS, Pawar DV, Patil PY, Kakade RT. Application of Cajanus cajan in treatment of jaundice. J Emerg Technol Innov Res. 2024 Apr [cited 2025 Jun 2];11(4):e128. Available from: https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2404415.pdf  
  7. Sharma S, Chaudhary M, Sharma D, Rani A. Evaluation of Anti-obesity Activity of n-hexane and Methanolic Extracts of Cajanus cajan Linn. Seeds Using Enzymatic Methods. Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. Res. 2023;57(3s):s718-23. Available from: https://archives.ijper.org/sites/default/files/IndJPhaEdRes-57-3s-718.pdf 
  8. Ajaiyeoba EO, Ogbole OO, Abiodun OO, Ashidi JS, Houghton PJ, Wright CW. Cajachalcone: An Antimalarial Compound from Cajanus cajan Leaf Extract. J Parasitol Res. 2013;703781. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/703781
  9. Gupta RK, Kumar S, Gupta K, Sharma A, Roy R, Verma AK, et al. Cutaneous exposure to clinically-relevant pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) proteins promote T H 2-dependent sensitization and IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in Balb/c mice. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2016.1205159 
  10. Syed R, Wu Y.A. A review article on health benefits of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.)  Millsp). Int J Food Nutr Res. 2018. Available from: https://escipub.com/ijfnr-2018-09-0301/  
  11. Talari A, Shakappa D. Role of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in human nutrition and health: a review. Asian J Dairy Food Res. 2018;37(3):212–20. doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.DR‑1379. Available from: https://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/arcc/Final-attachment-published-DR-1379.pdf

Disclaimer:The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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14 Health Benefits of Black Pepper (Kali Mirch) and Recipes

Introduction

Black pepper or kali mirch, scientifically known as Piper nigram, is a spice rich in several minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. It’s active compound ‘piperine’ is found to have loads of advantages for health. So, adding black pepper to food not only makes it spicy and tasty but also renders several health benefits. Called as the “king of spices”, black pepper is said to be good for digestion, respiratory issues, joint pains and also lowers risk of cancers. It is proposed to aid in weight loss too when consumed regularly. With its myriad of benefits, this spice can be a great addition to your everyday diet! 

In this blog, we’ll take a look at some of the conventionally-believed as well as science-backed benefits of  black pepper and how it can be a health-booster. We’ll also suggest some delicious recipes to soak in the benefits of this spice. 

Potential Health Benefits of Black Pepper

There are plenty of benefits surrounding this spice and this is the reason why our ancestors had named it the ‘King of Spice’. Well, here we discuss 14 important health benefits of black pepper and how it can help keep many diseases at bay. 

1. Lower the Risk of Cancer 

cancer
Image Source: freepik.com

Black pepper is said to lower the risk of cancer1.  Adding it to milk along with turmeric can enhance the benefit. This drink, which is usually given to individuals suffering from a severe cold, is said to consist of antioxidants, vitamin A and carotenoids that help in reducing cancer risk and lower inflammation. 

2. Good for Digestion 

Good for Digestion 
Image Source: freepik.com

Black pepper helps in improving digestion. It works by stimulating the digestive enzymes, enhancing the digestive capacity and reducing the time food stays in your gastrointestinal tract2. Black pepper may also help improve the absorption of nutrients from food items. Consuming it raw increases hydrochloric acid release by stomach, which helps in breaking down and absorption of food.  

Black pepper and its superstar component, piperine, have some impressive tricks up their sleeve! Research suggests12 that piperine, found in black pepper, has a fun way of turbocharging our digestive system. Giving a friendly nudge to the digestive enzymes in our pancreas increases our digestive capacity and may assist the digestive process. 

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

3. Provides Relief from Constipation 

constipation
Image Source: freepik.com

Passing less than three stools a week can be a sign of constipation. Adding some pepper to your daily food can help solve this issue. And not just constipation, black pepper can also help in curbing diarrhea and other types of digestive tract disorders if consumed daily3. Although, its excessive consumption can lead to acidity, so make sure you just just a pinch to your daily food. 

4. Enhance Skin Health 

good for skin
Image Source: freepik.com

Applying black pepper on skin is said to help with certain skin conditions. A study4 found that applying a black pepper based cream combined with UV treatment helped in skin repigmentation in Vitiligo disease. (This condition makes your skin appear white and this is also called white patches.) Black pepper is also said to curb wrinkles and skin problems like dark spots. If you are suffering from acne too, you can try using some black pepper. It may help your skin flush away the intoxicants and rejuvenate it. However, it’s ideal to always discuss with a dermatologist before moving onto using any home remedies for your skin issues, as there are chances of allergies and irritation. 

5. Healthy for Hair 

dandruff

Black pepper is said to be useful in dealing with dandruff5. You can add some crushed black pepper to curd, apply it on your scalp and let it dry for a minimum of 30 minutes. This can also help make your hair shiny and smooth. But make sure to not use excess black pepper as this can result in scalp burning. Also, do not use shampoo for the next 24 hours after applying black pepper to your hair as this may cause side effects.  

6. Aids in Weight Loss 

weight loss
Image Source: freepik.com

The wonder spice may also aid in losing weight6. It can be added to green tea and consumed two to three times a day for this purpose. This is because this spice has a rich content of phytonutrients that helps in breaking down excess fat. This also improves your body’s metabolism. However, remember these remedies only support your weight loss efforts. A regular exercise regimen and healthy diet is the key to losing weight.  

7. May Help Deal with Depression 

stress
Image Source: freepik.com

Depression is said to be one of the most common problems faced by people worldwide and this can even lead to many other serious problems. Although medicines and relaxation techniques are needed to curb this issue from being devastating, trying out natural remedies like black pepper has no harm. Initial studies7 have shown that consuming black pepper can be helpful in depression and improve thinking abilty. This can possibly be due to the release of mood-enhancing chemicals in the brain that help keep the mind calm. However, consumption in moderation is important to prevent any side effects. 

8. Helps in Managing Respiratory Diseases 

cough and cold
Image Source: freepik.com

Cold and cough are common respiratory problems that can be managed by consuming black pepper. You can add a pinch of black pepper and turmeric to a glass of milk with some honey and consume it hot for some instant relief. Black pepper mixed with honey may help thin down mucous and relieve chest congestion.  

Adding black pepper to some warm water along with some eucalyptus oil in it and inhaling the steam is also a simple remedy that can help deal with chest congestion. 

9. Reduces Joint Pain 

joint pain

If you are suffering from joint pain or arthritis, black pepper can help. It has medicinal properties that can help manage conditions like gout,  which is caused due to increase in blood uric acid levels. It is also useful for people suffering from spinal and joint pain due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. 

10. Detoxifies Your Body

gut health
Image Source: freepik.com

This spice increases your body’s metabolism and helps you sweat and urinate, which are said to help relieve the body of toxins. It can support liver function, improve digestion and has antioxidants that scavenge free-radicles in the body and help reduce the risk of many diseases.   

11. Anti-Inflammatory Properties  

asthma

For many chronic or long-term conditions such as cancer, heart conditions, diabetes, asthma amongst others, inflammation is a key underlying issue. Many studies8 have suggested that the active compound piperine in black pepper can help fight off inflammation effectively, which lowers the risk of these conditions.  

12. Good for Your Brain  

brain

Piperine in black pepper has shown results when it comes to improving brain health such as enhancing memory power. Researchers found that this king of spice showed a potential when it came to seeing a better response in degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease9. 

13. Improves Blood Sugar Control 

diabeties

Individuals with diabetes can use a generous sprinkling of black pepper in their meals as the health benefits of black pepper show an ability to improve one’s blood glucose metabolism. A regular intake of this spice may show a positive response when it comes to insulin sensitivity10. However, more research is needed in this matter.  

14. Might Be Effective Against Cholesterol 

cholesterol

Higher cholesterol levels are a warning sign for a possible heart disease. Regular consumption of black pepper has shown effective results in reducing cholesterol levels due to the presence of the compound piperine. It can help enhance good cholesterol and manage blood lipids levels effectively11. 

Did you know that black pepper holds a remarkable 20 per cent share of the global spice trade? It’s intriguing to note that the berries of black pepper grow in long green clusters, entwining themselves around tall trees and poles within the jungle. When these berries ripen and turn red, they are harvested to produce both black and white pepper varieties13. 

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Miscellaneous Benefits 

Consuming black pepper as part of your meals: 

Although initial studies have shown possible health benefits of black pepper, further long-term human trials are needed to confirm these. 

Also Read: Health Benefits of Garlic (Lahsun)

Tips for Using Black Pepper in Cooking

This wonder spice can be added to almost any savoury food recipe. May it be hot or cold, this spice can be sprinkled over these dishes to spice it up. Here are some simple tips for adding black pepper to your daily cooking. 

Black pepper is obtained by drying the ripe green berries of the pepper plant. This versatile spice is commonly used in three forms: powder, oil, and oleoresin. Interestingly, many countries import whole pepper berries and then process them into powder for various culinary uses14. 

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S

Black Pepper Recipes

Black pepper can be used in many dishes as this adds an aroma and a taste that can leave you craving for it all day. Here are some tasty recipes that you can add black pepper to. 

1. Black Pepper Chicken Fry 

Boneless pepper fry chicken is the tastiest among all other chicken dishes. This can leave your taste buds craving for more. 

Ingredients: 

Here is what you need to have to prepare your tasty dish of black pepper chicken: 

Note: Before you prepare the chicken, it must be marinated with salt, ginger garlic paste and turmeric. 

Preparation of Pepper Chicken: 

Here is how you prepare your tasty dish of black pepper chicken: 

2. Potato Fritters with Black Pepper Crunch: 

Dry fried foods and black pepper are the perfect companions. The best part about pepper is that when it’s sprinkled at the last minute, it gives the food a finishing touch that makes your dish not only tasty but also healthy. 

Ingredients: 

Here is what you need to have before you cook your crunchy potato pepper fritters: 

Preparation of Crunchy Potato Pepper Fritters: 

Now that you have all your ingredients ready, it’s time to make your tasty dish of crunchy potato pepper fritters. 

After frying them, you can add some pepper to them. Now your crispy and crunchy potato pepper fritters are ready to be munched. 

Also Read: Mustard Oil: Health Benefits, Nutrition, Uses & Side Effects

Conclusion

Incorporating black pepper into your diet may offer remarkable health benefits, like better digestion and anti-inflammatory effects, in addition to improving the flavour of your food. There are several ways to include it in your daily diet, however, remember that it should be consumed in moderation. As black pepper might have side effects especially in case of certain medical conditions and also affect how well some medications are absorbed, you should be careful not to consume too much of it and speak with your healthcare provider to know the right daily requirement for you based on your condition.

Also Read: Amazing Health Benefits of the Avocado

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some frequently asked questions that will give you an insight into black pepper.

What are the side effects of black pepper (Kali Mirch)? 

Black pepper may cause allergic reactions in some individuals.. Also, some individuals might experience side effects such as hyperacidity or stomach burns with excessive black pepper consumption.  
 
If large quantities enter your lungs, it may result in difficulty in breathing and can be a medical emergency. 
If crushed pepper enters your eyes, it may cause a severe burning sensation and the only way that you can get away from this is by washing your eyes and hands properly. 
In rare cases, it is found that black pepper reacts to some medicines, may affect their absorption or cause irritation and allergies. It should be carefully consumed especially in case of any medical conditions and in pregnant women. 

Can black pepper help in digestion? 

Yes, it does. Black pepper does help in good food digestion. By sprinkling some pepper powder on any of your meals, you may increase your body’s ability to break down food and aid in digestion. If in case you have consumed more pepper, then you may end up having acidity or stomach burns or ulcers, so moderation is key. 

Can black pepper reduce inflammation? 

Yes, black pepper is found to have anti-inflammatory effects particularly due to its antioxidant content.. The major component found in black pepper piperine can help fight acute inflammation. 

References 

  1. Banerjee S, Katiyar P, Kumar V, Saini SS, Varshney R, Krishnan V, Sircar D, Roy P. Black pepper and piperine induce anticancer effects on leukemia cell line. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2021 Feb 18;10(2):169-182. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfab001. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8045589/  
  1. Srinivasan K. Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2007;47(8):735-48. doi: 10.1080/10408390601062054. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17987447/ 
  1. Mehmood MH, Gilani AH. Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of black pepper and piperine in gastrointestinal disorders. J Med Food. 2010 Oct;13(5):1086-96. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1065. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20828313/ 
  1. Bertoli C, et al. Vitiligo Treated with Combined Piperine-Based Topical Treatment and Narrowband Ultraviolet B Therapy: Follow-Up with Reflectance Confocal Microscopy. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Feb 25;14(5):494. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14050494. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10931403/#:~:text=Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20the,macule%20without%20any%20adverse%20events.  
  1. Deepak N. Antidandruff and anti-inflammatory activity of Piper nigrum extract against dandruff causing pathogens. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2018;51(1):140–5.Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344164592_Antidandruff_and_Anti-Inflammatory_Activity_of_Piper_nigrum_Extract_against_Dandruff_Causing_Pathogens 
  1. Alqahtani N. The effect of curcumin-black pepper on body fat composition and lipid levels in overweight male adults. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2021;10(1):110–5. Available from: https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/the-effect-of-curcuminblack-pepper-on-body-fat-composition-and-lipid-levels-in-overweight-male-adults.pdf  
  1. Wattanathorn J, Chonpathompikunlert P, Muchimapura S, Priprem A, Tankamnerdthai O. Piperine, the potential functional food for mood and cognitive disorders. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Sep;46(9):3106-10. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.014. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18639606/  
  1. Bang JS, Oh DH, Choi HM, Sur BJ, Lim SJ, Kim JY, Yang HI, Yoo MC, Hahm DH, Kim KS. Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects of piperine in human interleukin 1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in rat arthritis models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):R49. doi: 10.1186/ar2662. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2688199/  
  1. Chonpathompikunlert P, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S. Piperine, the main alkaloid of Thai black pepper, protects against neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in animal model of cognitive deficit like condition of Alzheimer’s disease. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Mar;48(3):798-802. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.009. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20034530/  
  1. Khan S, Arif M, Laraib H, Naqvi SN, Shah OA, Farooq U, Sami-Ullah M, Khan GA. The effect of turmeric and black pepper powder incorporated in breakfast on postprandial glycemia, appetite, palatability, and gastrointestinal well-being in normal-weight adults. Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Jan 16;12(4):2846-2854. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3965. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38628217/  
  1. Yang Y, Kanev D, Nedeva R, Jozwik A, Rollinger JM, Grzybek W, Pyzel B, Yeung AW, Uhrin P, Breuss JM, Horbanczuk JO. Black pepper dietary supplementation increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in pigs. Current Research in Biotechnology. 2019 Nov 1;1:28-33. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335630372_Black_pepper_dietary_supplementation_increases_high-density_lipoprotein_HDL_levels_in_pigs 
  2. Srinivasan K. Black Pepper and its Pungent Principle-Piperine: A Review of Diverse Physiological Effects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2007 [cited 2025 May 19]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17987447/
  3. Real Food Encyclopedia – Black Pepper and Peppercorns – FoodPrint. FoodPrint. 2024 [cited 2025 May 19]. Available from: https://foodprint.org/real-food/black-pepper-peppercorns/
  4. International Pepper Community. History of Pepper. International Pepper Community. [cited 2025 May 19]. Available from: https://www.ipcnet.org/history-of-pepper/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Everyday Benefits of Jeera Water That You Should Know!

Introduction

In a bid to lead a healthy life, we keep trying different hacks and healthy concoctions. Besides promising countless health benefits, they also claim to detoxify the body and help in weight loss. Although many of these remedies may not work well enough to match-up to the claims, there are some which have proven benefits!  And one such drink is cumin or jeera water.  

Jeera’s health benefits are well documented in the traditional ayurvedic texts, and a significant part of these has been verified by modern science as well. Jeera seeds have been used in most Indian kitchens since ancient times. This spice adds a nutty and earthy flavour to foods and is said to be packed with several health benefits. One of the easiest way to experience the benefits of this wonder spice is to consume the jeera seeds soaked in water. 

In this blog, we will discuss in detail about the potential benefits of jeera water, how and when to consume it and if there are any precautions and risks you must be wary of when considering jeera water in your routine diet. So, let’s get started! 

Potential Benefits of Jeera Water

Before we move onto the benefits, let’s first see how to prepare jeera water.  

To prepare jeera water, all you need to do is soak a handful of cumin seeds in water and let it rest overnight. Being soaked for that long, the seeds swell up and release bioactive compounds into the water. Consuming this concoction in the morning everyday can help support your overall health in several ways.  

Here is how it can help and why it is an ultimate detox drink: 

1. Low in calories 

Image Source: freepik.com

Jeera is naturally low in calories. One teaspoon of jeera seeds contains only about eight calories1! That’s very low compared to other beverages. 

2. Packed with Antioxidants 

Cumin seeds are loaded with antioxidants that play a significant role in fighting oxidative stress. Extracts of cumin seeds are rich in polyphenols and numerous other compounds, which help  detoxify the body by eliminating toxins from the system but also help boost immunity2.  

3. Improves Digestion 

digestive system

Drinking jeera water regularly helps keep the digestive system healthy, which in turn, keeps the overall body functioning on track. It helps to break down complex nutrients like proteins, fat, and sugar to keep your gut healthy, and may keep digestive issues such as bloating, indigestion, diarrhoea, and nausea at bay. Jeera seeds have been found to be helpful in relieving symptoms in digestive issues like Irritable Bowel Syndrome3. 

4. Enhances Weight Loss Efforts 

weight
Image Source: freepik.com

Jeera or cumin is believed to lower appetite and accelerate body metabolism to promote fat burning, aiding in weight loss efforts2.  

A daily exercise routine, however simple it is, keeps the body fit and helps in fat-loss. Jeera water can add to the calorie-burning effects of following a regular exercise regime, not to forget a balanced diet to complete the overall health benefit! 

5. Can Help Fight Inflammation 

inflammation
Image Source: freepik.com

Studies have shown that cumin seeds have anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of bioactive compounds. These can help regulate the mediators of pain and inflammation in body and prove to be helpful in managing symptoms and alleviating conditions like arthritis and kidney disease2,4. 

6. Potentially Lower the Risk of Cancer 

cancer
Image Source: freepik.com

Jeera water is proposed to have anti-cancer properties. It reduces the risk of a variety of cancers and helps avoid metastasis, which is the spreading of cancer to other parts of the body5. 

7. Helps in Management of Diabetes  

diabeties

Jeera water can help improve insulin sensitivity, that is the utilization of blood sugars by body cells. It also helps enhance insulin secretion and avoid sudden spikes in blood sugar levels, thus aiding in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus6. 

8. Hydrates the Body 

jeera water

Jeera water helps in hydrating the body. The water content also helps to flush out toxins from the body. 

9. Relieves Acidity 

gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd)

Cumin seeds are said to be gastro-protective. They contain compounds which help neutralise stomach acids and are effective in reducing acidity and mitigating its symptoms like heartburn, pain, nausea, bloating, constipation, etc2. 

10. Helpful in Anaemia 

Anaemia
Image Source: freepik.com

Cumin seeds are rich in iron. Iron is required for the formation of haemoglobin in the blood, which is further essential for the transport of oxygen in the body. Drinking jeera water regularly helps to reduce the risk of and deal with the symptoms of anaemia such as fatigue and breathlessness7. 

11. Healthy for Heart 

heart
Image Source: freepik.com

Jeera water helps in regulating blood pressure, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in the body. These are essential to keep the heart heathy. Moreover, jeera seeds are rich in antioxidants that can help keep the heart protected from various disorders8. 

12. Boosts Skin Health 

good for skin
Image Source: freepik.com

Jeera water is proposed to contain antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds which can help detoxify the body. It lowers acne risk and protects the skin from infections, thus supporting a healthy and glowing skin.  

13. Benefits Hair 

hair

Jeera water is good for the hair as well. It strengthens hair and helps avoid hair loss, dandruff issues and premature greying of hair. However, these could be signs of an underlying medical condition and should be examined by a dermatologist before resorting to home remedies. 

14. Relieving Period Discomfort and Promoting Lactation 

menstrual cramps
Image Source: freepik.com

Many women face discomfort during their menstrual cycles having symptoms such as backache, fatigue and cramps. It is found that drinking jeera-infused water can beneficial in relieving these symptoms. Traditionally, cumin seeds were also believed to regularise menstrual blood flow by stimulating the uterus to contract and releasing any trapped blood, although there is no scientific evidence to these claims9. 

Also, jeera is also believed to support milk production in lactating women. It is enriched with iron, which is healthy for consumption by lactating women.   

15. Possible Aphrodisiac Effect  

Cumin water when drunk with a teaspoon of honey and black pepper works is believed to work as a great aphrodisiac tonic in traditional medicine. 

Although studies have shown potential benefits of jeera water, further large-scale human research is needed to prove these claims.  Also remember, if you have any medical condition or are any facing symptoms, always consult your doctor before initiating any home remedies.  

A good source of dietary fibre is found in jeera (cumin) water, which may aid with piles and constipation. Studies10 have revealed that constipation, combined with infections in the anal tract, which are also brought on by constipation, is the primary cause of piles. Jeera has carminative, stimulant, anti-fungal, and anti-microbial qualities due to the presence of essential oils that contain cuminaldehyde and various pyrazines. Thus, jeera water may promote natural urination, aid in the recovery of infections or wounds in the digestive and excretory systems, and quicken digestion.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Best Time to Drink Jeera Water

Consumption of jeera water at the beginning of the day, after waking up, is the optimal time to do so. The benefits of jeera water on an empty stomach early in the morning include aiding in digestion, reducing any bloating, and potentially being beneficial for weight loss. The drink can be consumed any time throughout the day, but the maximum benefits of jeera water can be availed when consumed early in the day. 

Since cumin or jeera water has a bland taste, you can try having it with a pinch of lemon juice or cinnamon powder. This will make the detox water appealing to your taste buds, as well as your health goals.   

Side Effects of Jeera Water

Jeera water may have several health benefits, yet excess consumption can be harmful and may lead to side effects like: 

1. Heartburn 

The consumption of jeera increases the release of more gas in the gastrointestinal tract. The excessive release of gas is attributed to causing heartburn in some individuals. 

2. Lower Blood Sugar Levels Drastically 

People who are susceptible to hypoglycaemia should be wary of the consumption of cumin water. Cumin has the tendency to reduce blood sugar levels. The consumption of cumin water can reduce blood sugar levels to a great extent which can offset hypoglycaemia. Thus, if you have diabetes, kindly check with your doctor or nutritionist before starting the same. 

3. Caution During Pregnancy 

High levels of jeera water consumption during pregnancy may have the possibility of increasing the chances of a miscarriage or inducement during labour. Pregnant women should limit their consumption of jeera water and discuss with their gynaecologist before consuming the same. 

Also Read: Warm Water with Honey & Lemon – Is It the Amrit for Your Health?

4. Interfere with Blood Clotting 

Cumin has the possibility of slowing down the process of blood clotting in the body. This can increase the bleeding time from cuts and bruises. If you are consuming blood thinning medication, then its best to avoid cumin water.  

Jeera is an amazing condiment that has a host of health benefits, yet consumption in moderation is the best way to see its effects on the body. Jeera water may work wonders for the body, however, a healthy lifestyle goes a long way in keeping you healthy and fit. 

It is believed that jeera simultaneously acts as a stimulant and a relaxing agent. Research10 indicates that a healthy diet, adequate vitamin intake—particularly B complexes—and excellent digestion, with jeera supplementation contribute to restful sleep. In ancient Ayurvedic medicine, jeera water is consumed before bed to promote restful sleep. 

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Top Health Benefits of Buttermilk

Conclusion

In conclusion, jeera water is a remarkable drink packed with numerous health benefits, making it an excellent addition to a healthy lifestyle. From aiding in weight loss and improving digestion to boosting metabolism and reducing inflammation, this simple concoction potentially offers a range of advantages. Incorporating jeera water into your daily routine, along with a balanced diet and regular exercise, can help contribute to your overall well-being. However, it is essential to consume jeera water in moderation to avoid potential side effects. Also, if you have any medical condition, it is always advised to consult your healthcare provider before incorporating jeera water or any other home remedies in your routine.

Also Read: 10 Benefits Of Drinking Water From Copper Bottle Vessels

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Does jeera water have calories? 

Jeera water itself is very low in calories. The main calorie content would come from the cumin seeds (jeera) used to make the water. Typically, 1 teaspoon of cumin seeds contains around 8 calories. However, the number of calories in jeera water as a drink is negligible unless large quantities of seeds are used. 

Does jeera water increase body heat? 

Jeera water is believed to have a warming effect on the body according to Ayurveda. Jeera seeds contain compounds that can stimulate digestion and metabolism, which may lead to a slight increase in body heat. This warming effect is often associated with improved digestion and circulation, but individual reactions may vary. 

Can jeera water be taken at night? 

Yes, jeera water can be consumed at night. It is often recommended to drink jeera water before bedtime to aid digestion, promote better sleep, and potentially boost metabolism. However, moderation is key, as consuming too much liquid before bed could disrupt sleep by causing frequent urination. 

Can jeera water be taken every day? 

Yes, jeera water can be consumed daily as part of a balanced diet. It offers various potential health benefits, including improved digestion, metabolism, and potential weight management support. However, like any dietary supplement, moderation is advised, and individual tolerance should be considered to avoid any adverse effects. Its best to consult a doctor if you have any medical conditions. 

Can jeera water induce periods? 

There is no scientific evidence to suggest that jeera water can induce periods. While cumin seeds are known for their potential benefits in digestion and overall health, they do not possess properties that can regulate menstrual cycles or induce periods. 

Is jeera water good for fatty liver? 

Jeera water may be beneficial for fatty liver. Cumin seeds contain antioxidants and compounds that can support liver health by promoting digestion, reducing inflammation, and potentially aiding in fat metabolism. However, it should be consumed as part of a balanced diet and lifestyle changes recommended by a healthcare provider for managing fatty liver disease. 

Is jeera water good for uric acid? 

Jeera water may have some beneficial effects on uric acid levels. Cumin seeds (jeera) contain antioxidants and compounds that can help in reducing inflammation and improving digestion, which may indirectly contribute to managing uric acid levels. However, specific scientific evidence regarding jeera water’s direct impact on uric acid levels is limited, so it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations. 

Can jeera water cause acne? 

There is no direct evidence to suggest that jeera water causes acne. In fact, cumin seeds (jeera) contain antioxidants and antimicrobial properties that may help in reducing inflammation and promoting clear skin. However, individual reactions to foods and drinks can vary, so if you notice any adverse effects, it’s best to discontinue use and consult a dermatologist if necessary. 

References

  1. Food Data Central Food Details. U.S. Department of Agriculture (Internet).  https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170923/nutrients 
  2. Rokonuzzaman and Naymatun Jannat. A Comprehensive Review of Cumin is a Natural Remedy for Health and Wellness. Int J Med Res Health Sci 2023 12(4): 61-66. https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/a-comprehensive-review-of-cumin-is-a-natural-remedy-for-health-and-wellness.pdf 
  3. Agah S, Taleb AM, Moeini R, Gorji N, Nikbakht H. Cumin extract for symptom control in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a case series. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2013 Oct;5(4):217-22. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3990147/ 
  4. Shaheen N, Azam A, Ganguly A et al. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of black cumin (BC, Nigella sativa L.) extracts in in vivo model systems. Bull Natl Res Cent 2022; 46: 26.  https://bnrc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42269-022-00708-0#citeas 
  5. Chandrasekaran R, Krishnan M, Chacko S, Gawade O, Hasan S, Joseph J, George E, Ali N, AlAsmari AF, Patil S, Jiang H. Assessment of anticancer properties of cumin seed (Cuminum cyminum) against bone cancer. Front Oncol. 2023 Dec 6;13:1322875. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10730939/ 
  6. Ragavi M, Muthumeenakshi P. Hypoglycemic Effect of Black Cumin Seeds (Nigella Sativa L.) on Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Research in Siddha Medicine 2019; 2(2):100-106. https://journals.lww.com/jrsm/fulltext/2019/02020/hypoglycemic_effect_of_black_cumin_seeds__nigella.7.aspx 
  7. Asgary S, Najafi S, Ghannadi A, Dashti G, Helalat A. Efficiency of black cumin seeds on hematological factors in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. ARYA Atheroscler. 2012 Winter;7(4):146-50. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3413082/ 
  8. Shabana A, El-Menyar A, Asim M, Al-Azzeh H, Al Thani H. Cardiovascular benefits of black cumin (Nigella sativa). Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2013 Mar;13(1):9-21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22911452/ 
  9. Omidvar S, Nasiri-Amiri F, Bakhtiari A, Begum K. Clinical trial for the management dysmenorrhea using selected spices. Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2019 Aug 1;36:34-8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1744388118307394#:~:text=A%20comparative%20clinical%20trial%20was,the%20overall%20management%20of%20dysmenorrhea

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Nutmeg (Jaiphal): Uses, Benefits, Precautions & More!

Introduction

Nutmeg is a shelled, dried seed derived from Myristica fragrans, a tropical evergreen tree. Nutmeg contains several health benefits and is a source of many proteins, minerals, oils, and resins. Myristica fragrans grows in tropical regions like Indonesia and Malaysia. Different species of this tree are dispersed in Sri Lanka, India, and North-Eastern Australia. Apart from being used for beneficial purposes, nutmeg oil is also used as a fragrance in cosmetics. Worms are left to feed on nutmeg seeds as a part of the distillation process in the preparation of nutmeg oil. The worms remove starch and fat from the seed resulting in a portion rich in oil.

Nutritional Value of Nutmeg

Nutmeg is a rich source of fiber and is also a source of iron, zinc, phosphorous, copper, manganese, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, and magnesium2. In 100 grams, below are the nutrients found in nutmeg:

Properties of Nutmeg

Nutmeg is used for a variety of health conditions due to its medicinal properties such as3:

Potential Uses of Nutmeg

1. Potential uses of Nutmeg for the Brain

brain

Nutmeg (Jaiphal) might acts as a stimulant for the brain and help in reducing stress. It can aid in mental activities. It may help in improving concentration and might enhance blood circulation to the brain. It is essential to consume nutmeg in moderation as an excess of it can lead to delirium2. Due to the risk involved with nutmeg it is advisable to have it only when prescribed by a qualified doctor.

2. Potential Uses of Nutmeg for the Heart

Nutmeg may be a great tonic for the cardiovascular system. It might enhance blood circulation and improve heart functions2. Thus it may have some effect on your heart health. However it is advisable to consult a doctor for heart-related issues.

3. Potential Uses of Nutmeg for the Kidney and Liver

liver

Nutmeg oil might work as a tonic for the liver, due to its ability to eliminate toxins. It might aid in managing kidney infections and can help with kidney stones2. Further studies are needed to understand the exact effect of nutmeg on humans. You must consume nutmeg only if prescribed.

4. Potential Uses of Nutmeg for Sound Sleep

sleep

Nutmeg may be an effective remedy for insomnia (sleeplessness). It might enhance serotonin levels which can help in relaxation. It can be taken with a beverage or even dessert2. Nutmeg consumption should be done under the supervision of an Ayurvedic physician.

5. Potential Uses of Nutmeg for Bad Breath

mouth

Nutmeg oil might be effective in managing bad breath. It contains antiseptic properties and this might aid in curing tooth pain and gum problems. Due to this property, this oil might be incorporated in many types of toothpaste. You can also take nutmeg in your diet if prescribed by your dentist for toothache5.  

6. Potential Uses of Nutmeg for Digestion

improve digestion

Nutmeg might help in managing digestion-related problems such as constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, and bloating. Nutmeg can possibly function as a digestive tonic by improving peristalsis and secretion of different gastric juices and enzymes6. These effects of nutmeg are yet to be proven thus follow the advice of your doctors for any digestive issues.

7. Potential Uses of Nutmeg for Pain 

Nutmeg might be helpful in abdominal pain due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Nutmeg oil can be used in the management of joint pain, and muscular pain. Taking nutmeg with food might help relieve pain due to wounds, arthritis, and injuries. Topical application of nutmeg powder with sesame oil may reduce rheumatic pain, neuralgia6. However you must visit your doctor and follow their advice before consuming nutmeg for pain management.

In my experience, nutmeg has been used by people all across the world in cooking and as a component of folk remedies. Stomach pains, diarrhoea, and rheumatism may have all been traditionally managed throughout Asia using it with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

8. Potential Uses of Nutmeg for Cancer

cancer

The essential oil of myristica fragrans exhibits a cytotoxic effect (killing cancer cells) in studies. The covering of nutmeg seeds might contain chemoprotective (helps against harmful effects of cancer treatment) properties. It might reduce the incidence of skin papilloma. Nutmeg might decrease the extent of cancer6. Cancer is a serious condition and should be diagnosed and treated only by a qualified doctor. Please do not self-medicate.

From my perspective, antioxidants, which are abundant in nutmeg, may help fend against ageing symptoms and major diseases including cancer, heart disease, and liver disorders12.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

9. Potential Uses of Nutmeg for Teeth

teeth

Nutmeg may contain anti-bacterial properties and a strong inhibitory effect against streptococcus mutans, an oral pathogen which is responsible for cavities in the teeth. Nutmeg may be also helpful in the treatment of periodontitis (a condition where there is inflammation of the supporting structures of the tooth), because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties.  Thus, nutmeg might be helpful if incorporated in the daily oral hygiene ritual6.  

How to Take Nutmeg?

Nutmeg can be taken into your diet in several ways like1 :

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

Side Effects of Nutmeg

Also Read: 10 Incredible Health Benefits of Cinnamon (Dalchini)

Precautions to Take with Nutmeg (Jaiphal)

Also Read: Kumkumadi Tailam: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Interactions with Other Drugs

It is essential to keep in mind not to use nutmeg while using any of these medications8,9: Therefore, your Ayurvedic physician’s advice is to be followed thoroughly, as their prescription is based on keeping your health condition in mind. Please ensure to disclose all medications prescribed and currently being used to your doctor at the time of consultation.

1. Drying Medications (Anticholinergic Drugs)

Nutmeg might reduce the efficiency of these drugs.

2. Medications Metabolized by the Liver

Some drugs are broken down by the liver. Consuming nutmeg with such medications might produce certain side effects. Hence, it is essential to be cautious while taking this combination. You can talk to your physician before consumption

3. Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) Inhibitors (Medications for Alzheimer’s Disease)

Intake of nutmeg along with these medications might increase the side effects of the medications taken for Alzheimer’s disease. Hence it is better to talk to your healthcare provider before taking this combination.

4. CNS Depressants or Sedative Medications

Taking nutmeg might result in drowsiness. Sedatives also produce sleepiness. Taking these together might lead to pathological sleepiness that can be dangerous.

5. Medications used for glaucoma (Cholinergic Drugs) etc.

Nutmeg consumption can increase some chemicals in the brain, heart, and other parts of the body. Few medications used in the management of glaucoma, Alzheimer’s disease, and other conditions might also affect these chemicals. Taking these medications with nutmeg can result in the development of side effects.

Also Read: Palash Tree: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the cosmetic uses of nutmeg?  

Apart from being used for medicinal purposes, leaves and bark of nutmeg have essential oils that are being used for producing soaps, perfumes, candles, and ointment2. 

Can nutmeg be used for acne?  

Yes, equal portions of nutmeg and black pepper could be mixed and used topically to get rid of acne2. Consult your dermatologist for better advice.

Can nutmeg be used in cough syrups?  

Yes, nutmeg contains expectorant properties and is used in cough syrups. It is also useful in aromatherapy2. However, further studies are required to estimate its benefits for humans

What are the other names of nutmeg?  

Nutmeg is known by other names like jaatipatree, jatiphal, myristica, myristica fragrans, myristica officinalis, nux moschata, jatiphala, muscade, and muskatbaum1. 

Is nutmeg found in India?  

In India, nutmeg is cultivated in Tamilnadu, Kerala, Goa, Karnataka, and North East India10.

References

  1. Planet Ayurveda. Jatiphala, Jaiphal (myristica fragrans)- Uses, benefits, Ayurvedic properties, and dosage. [Internet] Available from: https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/jatiphala-myristica-fragrans/
  2. Namra Naeem, Rafia Rehman, Ayesha Mushtaq;Nutmeg: A review on uses and biological properties. International journal of chemical and biochemical sciences. 2016 (9): 107-110 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336825717_Nutmeg_A_review_on_uses_and_biological_properties/link/5db3fe9492851c577ec3baab/download 
  3. Tajuddin, Ahmad, S., Latif, A. et al. Aphrodisiac activity of 50% ethanolic extracts of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (nutmeg) and Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr. & Perry. (clove) in male mice: a comparative study. BMC Complement Altern Med 3, 6 (2003).  Available from: https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-3-6 
  4. Tripathi Nagja, Kumar Vimal, Acharya Sanjeev; Myristica fragnans: A comprehensive review. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. 2015 Aug-Dec 8(2): 27-30. Available from: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijpps/article/view/8552/5423 
  5. Wei Kevin Zhang, Shan-Shan Tao, Ting-Ting Li, Yu-Sang Li, Xiao- Jun Li. He-Bin Tang, Ren- Huai Cong, Fang-Li Ma, and Chu-Jun Wan. Nutmeg oil alleviates chronic inflammatory pain through inhibition of COX-2 expression and substance. Food and nutrition research.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848392/
  6. Gupta A, Rajpurohit D, et al. Chapter 98 – Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), Editor(s): Victor R. Preedy, Ronald Ross Watson, Vinood B. Patel. Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, Academic Press, 2011, Pages 831-839, ISBN 9780123756886, Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123756886100982 
  7. Abernethy MK, Becker LB. Acute nutmeg intoxication. The American journal of emergency medicine. 1992 Sep 1;10(5):429-30. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/073567579290069A 
  8. Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Charles L. Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova, Tess Astatkie, and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov. . Utilization of nutmeg (myristica fragrans houtt.) Seed hydrodistillation time to produce essential oil fractions and varied compositions and pharmacological effects.MDPI open access journals.  Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037852/ 
  9. Abernethy MK, Becker LB. Acute nutmeg intoxication. The American journal of emergency medicine. 1992 Sep 1;10(5):429-30. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/073567579290069A 
  10. Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Charles L. Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova, Tess Astatkie, and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov. . Utilization of nutmeg (myristica fragrans houtt.) Seed hydrodistillation time to produce essential oil fractions and varied compositions and pharmacological effects.MDPI open access journals.  Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037852/ 
  11. Rowden A. Can nutmeg cause a ‘high’? Medical News Today. Updated 16 August 2024. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nutmeg-high
  12. WebMD LLC. Nutmeg: Health Benefits, Nutrition, and Uses [Internet]. WebMD. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/nutmeg-health-benefits-nutrition-uses

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Cranberry: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) are fruits grown in the northeastern and north-central parts of the United States of America. Cranberries are also known as American cranberry and bearberry1. They are harvested in the US and Canada between the months of September and October.

There are two methods used for the harvest of cranberries, wet harvest and dry harvest. In the case of wet harvest, the cranberry farms are flooded and the fruits that float are collected; whereas, in the case of dry harvest, no water is used.

Wet harvest fruits are used to prepare processed cranberry juice and sauce, whereas dry harvest fruit is cleaned and packaged as fresh fruit2. All the available cranberry products provide similar health benefits and can be easily incorporated into the daily diet2.

Nutritional Value of Cranberry

The nutritional value of cranberries is given below; 100 grams of cranberries contain 

Nutritional value of cranberries (per 100 grams)3 

Properties of Cranberries

Many phytochemicals are also present in cranberries, for example, beta carotene, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins14 are responsible for its beneficial properties4,5. 

Potential Uses of Cranberries

Cranberries have several health benefits in multiple systems as seen below.  

1. Potential Uses of Cranberries for Cardiovascular Health

heart

Consumption of cranberry juice can help manage cholesterol levels in obese men and women. Cranberry juice improves antioxidant status and may increase High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (good cholesterol). It can thus reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by lowering levels of inflammatory markers and improving the regulation of blood glucose7. The studies available seem insufficient to validate these claims. Consult an ayurvedic physician before taking cranberries for its effect on cardiovascular health.

2. Potential Uses of Cranberries for Cancer Prevention

cancer

The compounds present in cranberries have positive effects on cancer cells. These compounds might reduce inflammation, slow down growth, and cause the death of cancer cells. Studies found that cranberries may defeat the three main characteristics of cancer cells, i.e. resisting cell death, invasive activity and spread and ongoing signalling to multiply in number.

Proanthocyanidins present in cranberries have shown inhibitory action against the formation of malignant cancers in the mouth in studies8. There is a need for more extensive research to validate the effect of cranberries in humans. Furthermore, cancer needs to be diagnosed and treated by a qualified doctor; hence, kindly consult a doctor.

3. Potential Uses of Cranberries in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Prevention

urinary tract infections

Cranberries may be recommended foods for women with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI)9. Taking cranberry extract capsules twice a day has also shown promising results in reducing the incidence of UTIs in studies10. However, urinary tract infections may need medical supervision and diagnosis. Consult a qualified doctor for the treatment of any such conditions.

As per my observations, cranberries might do more than just help fight urinary tract infections. The same compounds that help with UTIs, called a-type proanthocyanidins, may also ward off bacteria from forming in your mouth6. This means that cranberries might have the potential to avert cavities, gum disease, and tooth decay by controlling the production of harmful acids in your mouth20.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

4. Potential Uses of Cranberries for Skin

Good for skin
Image Source: freepik.com

Cranberries are rich in vitamin C3. Vitamin C may have several benefits on the skin, such as stimulating collagen synthesis and protecting from UV rays-induced photodamage.

Collagen is essential for skin elasticity and wound healing11. Vitamin E found in cranberries may be a good antioxidant helpful in reducing the damage related to UV radiation exposure12. 

5. Potential Uses of Cranberries for Digestive Health

digestive system

Consumption of cranberry products in young and older women may help in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infections13.    

Although studies show the benefits of cranberries in different health conditions, this information is insufficient. Hence, there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of cranberries on human health. Furthermore, every person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using cranberries for any medical condition.

I would suggest incorporating cranberries into your diet because they might have powerful anti-inflammatory effects. These effects are due to the high levels of antioxidants found in cranberries, such as anthocyanins and flavanols, which are responsible for their dark colour. Antioxidants have been shown to potentially reduce the risk of chronic diseases by lowering inflammation in your body.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Cranberries?

Cranberries are available in various forms, such as fresh cranberry fruit, cranberry juice, cranberry sauce, and dried cranberries. Raw cranberries have a bitter and sharp taste2.  

You should always take the advice of an Ayurvedic physician before having cranberries for its benefits. In addition, we recommend you do not replace or discontinue your ongoing medications with any ayurvedic or herbal preparations without seeking the medical advice of a qualified doctor. They will guide you with the best form and dosage in which the herb can be used per your health condition.

Side Effects of Cranberries

  The side effects of cranberries are 

Precautions to Take with Cranberries

Precaution in Children

If a large amount of cranberries is eaten by children, it can lead to an upset stomach and diarrhea1. People with a history of kidney stones should avoid eating cranberries in large amounts15.

Precautions in Pregnant & Lactating Women

Cranberry juice is safe in all trimesters of pregnancy. Cranberries are safe during pregnancy and show no ill effects on the mother or the baby16. Cranberries juice, as well as cranberry capsules, can be taken during the breastfeeding period17. 

Interactions with Other Drugs

Patients taking warfarin should be informed regarding the potential interaction between warfarin and cranberry consumption. You must inform your doctor if you are already on blood thinners like warfarin before consuming cranberries18.

Conclusion

Cranberries are nutrient-rich fruits with diverse health-promoting properties, including potential benefits for cardiovascular health, cancer prevention, urinary tract infections, skin care, and digestive health. Their bioactive compounds, such as proanthocyanidins and antioxidants, contribute to these effects, making cranberries a valuable dietary addition. However, while the existing research is promising, more extensive studies are needed to fully validate these benefits and understand individual responses. It is essential to consult healthcare professionals before using cranberries therapeutically, especially for those with specific health conditions or on medication. Ultimately, incorporating cranberries thoughtfully into one’s diet may support overall well-being, highlighting their potential as a natural source of health enhancement in the future.

Also Read: Dried Cranberries: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of cranberries? 

Cranberries are a good source of antioxidants and vitamins. Cranberries also help manage urinary tract infections, improve cardiovascular health and skin condition12. These activities, however, are yet to be proven in humans.

Are cranberries beneficial for the skin? 

Cranberries are rich in vitamin C and vitamin E. These vitamins show many benefits to the skin. Vitamin C helps in collagen synthesis and protects from UV-induced photodamage. Collagen is essential for skin elasticity and wound healing11. Vitamin E found in cranberries is a strong antioxidant effective in reducing the damage related to UV radiation exposure12. There is a need for more extensive research to validate the effect of cranberries in humans.

Are cranberries helpful in weight loss? 

Cranberries have high fibre content4. A high fibre intake helps in reducing the risk of obesity. However, your nutritionist will guide you in a much better way.    

What are the side effects of cranberries? 

Cranberries come under the category of GRAS (generally regarded as safe), but consumption in large amounts can cause upset stomach and diarrhoea in young children1.

Is a cranberry a citrus fruit? 

Cranberries are not citrus fruits. Cranberries are berries that belong to a different family Ericaceae19. 

What to make with cranberries? 

Cranberry juice and cranberry sauce are some preparations of cranberries. Raw cranberries have a bitter and sharp taste2.

References

  1. Cranberry [Internet]. NCCIH. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cranberry 
  2. About Cranberries [Internet]. Cranberry Institute. 2019. Available from: https://www.cranberryinstitute.org/about-cranberries 
  3. FoodData Central [Internet]. fdc.nal.usda.gov. [cited 2022 Feb 3]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171722/nutrients 
  4. FoodData Central [Internet]. fdc.nal.usda.gov. [cited 2022 Feb 3]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168117/nutrients 
  5. Narwojsz A, Tańska M, Mazur B, Borowska EJ. Fruit Physical Features, Phenolic Compounds Profile and Inhibition Activities of Cranberry Cultivars (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Compared to Wild-Grown Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2019;74(3):300-306. doi:10.1007/S11130-019-00737-7/TABLES/4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31098879/
  6. Howell AB, Reed JD, Krueger CG, Winterbottom R, Cunningham DG, Leahy M. A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins and uropathogenic bacterial anti-adhesion activity. Phytochemistry. 2005;66(18):2281-2291. doi:10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.05.022. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16055161/
  7. Chew B, Mathison B, Kimble L, et al. Chronic consumption of a low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry beverage attenuates inflammation and improves glucoregulation and HDL cholesterol in healthy overweight humans: a randomized controlled trial. European journal of nutrition. 2019;58(3):1223-1235. doi:10.1007/S00394-018-1643-Z. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29476238/
  8. Weh KM, Clarke J, Kresty LA. Cranberries and Cancer: An Update of Preclinical Studies Evaluating the Cancer Inhibitory Potential of Cranberry and Cranberry Derived Constituents. Antioxidants. 2016;5(3). doi:10.3390/ANTIOX5030027. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27548236/
  9. Liska DAJ, Kern HJ, Maki KC. Cranberries and Urinary Tract Infections: How Can the Same Evidence Lead to Conflicting Advice? Advances in Nutrition. 2016;7(3):498. doi:10.3945/AN.115.011197. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27184277/ 
  10. Caljouw MAA, MSc, Hout WB van den, et al. Effectiveness of Cranberry Capsules to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Vulnerable Older Persons: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Long-Term Care Facilities. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2014;62(1):103. doi:10.1111/JGS.12593. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180378/
  11. Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017;9(8). doi:10.3390/NU9080866. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28805671/
  12. Park K. Role of Micronutrients in Skin Health and Function. Biomolecules & Therapeutics. 2015;23(3):207. doi:10.4062/BIOMOLTHER.2015.003. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25995818/
  13. Shmuely H, Ofek I, Weiss EI, Rones Z, Houri-Haddad Y. Cranberry components for the therapy of infectious disease. Current opinion in biotechnology. 2012;23(2):148-152. doi:10.1016/J.COPBIO.2011.10.009. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22088310/
  14. Lila MA. Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Approach. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2004;2004(5):306. doi:10.1155/S111072430440401X. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15577194/
  15. Terris MK, Issa MM, Tacker JR. Dietary supplementation with cranberry concentrate tablets may increase the risk of nephrolithiasis. Urology. 2001;57(1):26-29. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00884-0. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11164137/ 
  16. Heitmann K, Nordeng H, Holst L. Pregnancy outcome after use of cranberry in pregnancy – the Norwegian mother and child cohort study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;13:345. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-345. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24314317/
  17. Cystitis in the Breastfeeding Mother [Internet]. The Breastfeeding Network. [cited 2022 Feb 3]. Available from: https://www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk/cystitis/ 
  18. Drug Interactions: Review [Internet]. Cranberry Institute. [cited 2022 Feb 3]. Available from: https://www.cranberryinstitute.org/cranberry-health-research/library/category/drug-interactions/drug-interactions-review 
  19. Neto CC, Vinson JA. Cranberry. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects: Second Edition. Published online March 28, 2011:107-130. doi:10.5040/9781635577068-0542. Also Read: https://lamberts.gr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/52.-St-Johns-Wort-%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C-%CF%84%CE%BF-Herbal-Medicine-Biomolecular-and-Clinical-Aspects2th-Edition.pdf
  20. Cleveland Clinic. Are cranberries healthy? 6 surprising benefits [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; 2022 Jan 26 [cited 2026 May 22]. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/benefits-of-cranberries

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