For couples, the journey to parenthood begins with hope and excitement. But sometimes when months pass without a positive pregnancy test, that hope slowly turns into worry, confusion, and even frustration. If this is how you feel, you’re not alone. Difficulty conceiving (for both men and women) is more common than most people realise.
Female infertility refers to the inability to get pregnant despite trying regularly. It could result from a variety of factors, ranging from hormonal imbalances to structural problems or underlying medical conditions. The reassuring part is that infertility is often manageable with early evaluation and timely intervention with the right medical support1,2.
In this blog, we will walk you through everything you need to know about female infertility, from common female infertility causes to available management options and when to seek medical help, allowing you to make well-informed choices about your reproductive health.
To better understand female infertility, let’s first understand how a pregnancy occurs. Each month, a woman’s ovaries release an egg (ovulation), which travels through the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilised by sperm. The fertilised egg then moves to the uterus, where it may implant and grow into a pregnancy3. For a pregnancy to occur, all these steps need to work together smoothly. A problem at any stage may make it more difficult to conceive (get pregnant).
Doctors usually define female infertility as not being able to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse (or after 6 months for women above 35 years of age). Repeated miscarriages can also be considered a form of infertility1.
Infertility may be more common than many people think. Around 85% of couples conceive within a year, and the chances of getting pregnant each month are typically 15–20%. However, about 15% of couples worldwide face infertility, with female factors contributing to nearly half of these cases2.
Types of infertility in females are generally based on whether a woman has been pregnant before4:
Female infertility can occur when any step in the reproductive process is disrupted. This may happen if the ovaries do not produce healthy eggs, if the egg cannot travel from the ovaries to the uterus, or if a fertilised egg fails to implant properly in the uterine lining. In some cases, even after implantation, the embryo may not survive or develop normally5.The most common reasons for female infertility include:
The reproductive process is controlled by hormones regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands (glands that are located in the brain and control many body functions). Any imbalance in this system can disrupt ovulation (release of a mature egg from the ovary). Conditions such as pituitary tumours or hypopituitarism (inadequate hormone production by the pituitary gland) can interfere with normal hormone levels and fertility3.
Problems with the ovaries can affect egg production or release. These may include2,4:
Damage or blockage in the fallopian tubes can prevent the egg and sperm from meeting. This is often caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs), complications from unsafe abortions, postpartum infections, or previous abdominal or pelvic surgeries3. Additionally, tubal damage may also occur due to genital tuberculosis (TB), which can cause scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes6.
Conditions affecting the uterus can interfere with implantation of the fertilised egg or pregnancy. These may include3:
Note: In some cases, no clear cause may be identified. This is known as unexplained infertility2.
In many cases, infertility may not have any obvious symptoms. The only sign is difficulty in getting pregnant despite regular, unprotected intercourse. However, certain female infertility symptoms or signs can point toward underlying issues affecting fertility. Common signs and symptoms of female infertility include:
Certain factors can increase a woman’s risk of infertility by affecting ovulation, egg quality, or overall reproductive health. These risk factors may not directly cause infertility but can significantly reduce the chances of conception. Common risk factors include:
Diagnosis of infertility in females usually involves a combination of blood tests, imaging studies, and ovulation assessments to identify the underlying cause. These tests help evaluate hormone levels, ovarian function, and the structure of reproductive organs. Common diagnostic tests include:
A range of blood tests is used to evaluate hormonal balance and detect underlying conditions5,12,13:
Note: Your doctor may also suggest blood test packages that include parameters to check female reproductive health.
Also Read: What Is Ovulation? Understanding The Ovulation Process and Symptoms
Female infertility treatment depends on the underlying cause, age, and overall health. In many cases, a combination of approaches is used to improve the chances of conception. All of these options will be based on your doctor’s advice2:
Changes in lifestyle, such as weight management and quitting smoking, alcohol use, or recreational drug use can help preserve fertility. According to a recent study, lifestyle changes, including a weight loss of about 5–10%, can restore ovulation in 50–60% of obese women with PCOS.
Medications are often the first-line options, especially for women with ovulation disorders. They help stimulate ovulation and correct hormonal imbalances. Antibiotics may also be prescribed if infections are present.
When medications alone are not effective, assisted reproductive techniques may be recommended. These include:
Note: IUI is usually tried first in selected cases, while IVF is recommended when other treatments fail or in more complex conditions. However, success rates for both depend on factors such as age and ovarian reserve.
Also Read: IVF (In Vitro Fertilization): What is It, Procedure, Steps, Side Effects & More
Surgery may be needed to correct structural abnormalities that interfere with fertility. Procedures such as hysteroscopy or laparoscopy can help treat conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, or uterine abnormalities. Tubal surgeries may also be performed to restore normal function in selected cases.
Advanced options like the use of donor eggs or genetic testing of embryos can be considered in specific cases, especially when ovarian reserve is low or with increasing age.
While not all female infertility causes can be prevented, adopting healthy habits can support reproductive health and improve the chances of conception. Some options include15:
Note: Egg freezing (oocyte cryopreservation) allows women to preserve their eggs for future use. It is useful for those who wish to delay pregnancy or are undergoing medical treatments that may affect fertility. However, success rates are generally better when eggs are frozen at a younger age16.
Knowing when to seek medical help is important for early diagnosis and better outcomes. You should consider seeing a doctor if1,2,5:
Also Read: HIV Cure: Is it possible? Know the Symptoms and Treatment Options
Female infertility is a complex but common condition that can arise from a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, structural issues, lifestyle influences, and underlying medical conditions. While it can feel overwhelming, understanding female infertility causes, symptoms, and available diagnostic options is the first step toward effective management.
The encouraging part is that many cases of infertility are manageable, with a range of options (from medications and lifestyle modifications to advanced techniques like IVF) that could help improve fertility. Early evaluation, timely intervention, and a personalised approach to care can make a significant difference in infertility treatment.
Ovulation is just one part of conception. Pregnancy may still not happen due to issues like blocked fallopian tubes, poor egg quality, sperm-related factors, or problems with implantation2,5.
Ashwagandha may help reduce stress, but there is no strong evidence for its role in improving female fertility17. Therefore, it should never replace medical treatment.
Many causes are treatable or manageable, depending on the underlying issue2,4. Your doctor will help you with the right treatment based on your medical history.
In some cases, yes. Certain genetic and chromosomal conditions (such as Turner syndrome, fragile X premutation, and structural chromosomal abnormalities) may affect ovarian function and fertility2. However, not all infertility is genetic, and many causes may be unrelated to inherited factors.
There is no strong evidence that normal cell phone use causes female infertility18. However, limiting excessive exposure to radiation may still be considered a good precaution.
Typhoid itself usually does not cause infertility. However, severe or untreated infections may rarely lead to complications that could affect overall health19.
Stress alone may not directly cause infertility, but it can affect hormones and ovulation, making it harder to conceive15. So, managing stress may help improve overall fertility.
1. Female Infertility. Accessed April 29, 2026. https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html
2. Adebisi OY, Singh M, Tobler KJ. Female Infertility. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2026. Accessed April 29, 2026. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556033/
3. The menstrual cycle. Accessed May 1, 2026. https://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/menstrual-cycle
4. Infertility. Accessed April 29, 2026. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility
5. Infertility: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed April 29, 2026. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001191.htm
6. Genital tuberculosis in females – PMC. Accessed April 30, 2026. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5663156/
7. Attia GM, Alharbi OA, Aljohani RM. The Impact of Irregular Menstruation on Health: A Review of the Literature. Cureus. 15(11):e49146. doi:10.7759/cureus.49146 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10733621/
8. Harada T. Dysmenorrhea and Endometriosis in Young Women. Yonago Acta Med. 2013;56(4):81-84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24574576/
9. Uimari O, Subramaniam KS, Vollenhoven B, Tapmeier TT. Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomata) and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding. Front Reprod Health. 2022;4:818243. doi:10.3389/frph.2022.818243 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36303616/
10. Witchel SF, Oberfield SE, Peña AS. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls. J Endocr Soc. 2019;3(8):1545-1573. doi:10.1210/js.2019-00078 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31384717/
11. Jain M, Carlson K, Singh M. Environmental Toxins and Infertility. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2026. Accessed April 29, 2026. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576379/
12. Seckin B, Turkcapar F, Ozaksit G. Elevated day 3 FSH/LH ratio: a marker to predict IVF outcome in young and older women. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012;29(3):231-236. doi:10.1007/s10815-011-9695-5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22183503/
13. Hendriks DJ, Mol BWJ, Bancsi LFJMM, Velde ER te, Broekmans FJM. The clomiphene citrate challenge test for the prediction of poor ovarian response and nonpregnancy in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review. Fertil Steril. 2006;86(4):807-818. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.03.033 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16962116/
14. Arvis P, Rongières C, Pirrello O, Lehert P. Reliability of AMH and AFC measurements and their correlation: a large multicenter study. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2022;39(5):1045-1053. doi:10.1007/s10815-022-02449-5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35243569/
15. Sharma R, Biedenharn KR, Fedor JM, Agarwal A. Lifestyle factors and reproductive health: taking control of your fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol RBE. 2013;11:66. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-11-66 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10135990/
16. Petropanagos A. Reproductive ‘Choice’ and Egg Freezing. Cancer Treat Res. 2010;156:223-235. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_17 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3086489/
17. Vani I, Muralidhar G, Rao BS. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract (Withania somnifera) for managing menopausal symptoms in women. Front Reprod Health. 7:1647721. doi:10.3389/frph.2025.1647721 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41561822/
18. Merhi ZO. Challenging cell phone impact on reproduction: A Review. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012;29(4):293-297. doi:10.1007/s10815-012-9722-1 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3309987/
19. Marchello CS, Birkhold M, Crump JA. Complications and mortality of typhoid fever: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(6):902-910. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.030 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33144193/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Breast sagging is a condition where the breast skin and tissues slowly stretch, causing the breasts to move downward over time1. It can be seen in different age groups and breast sizes, but becomes more noticeable in women in their late 20s to 30s and beyond. Studies show it is more noticeable with increasing age and after childbirth due to pregnancy-related body changes1,2. It may also occur due to weight changes and loss of skin elasticity1. This blog will explain the causes of sagging breasts and its treatment options, home remedies, and prevention tips.
Sagging breasts, meaning breast ptosis in medical terms, is a condition where the breast slowly moves lower on the chest and loses its natural lifted shape. In a healthy youthful breast, the nipple sits near the most outward point of the breast, and the lower part looks full and rounded. When this balance changes, the breast may look longer, flatter, or droopier. There are different patterns in which breast sagging can appear:
Several changes inside the body can lead to sagging breasts. The supporting tissues in the breast gradually stretch over time, especially with changes like pregnancy, weight fluctuations, and ageing that affect how the breast maintains its shape. As the skin also loses firmness and elasticity, it becomes less able to hold the breast in an elevated position. Together, these changes slowly alter breast shape and position, leading to a lowering of the breast and less firm appearance over time3.
Did You Know?
Breast sagging is assessed by checking how low the nipple sits compared to the inframammary fold (the fold under the breast)4. The Regnault classification system is used to describe how much the breast has sagged6.
These are the 3 main grades of breast sagging4,6:
Sometimes, the nipple stays near the fold, but most of the breast tissue hangs lower, this is called pseudoptosis6. Doctors use these grades to understand how much the breasts have sagged and to decide the right treatment or surgery if needed. Next, let us look at the causes of sagging breasts.
Breast sagging occurs when the skin, inner support, and breast tissue change over time. Below are some breast sagging reasons4,5:
In some people, the skin may be less elastic, and the supportive bands (Cooper’s ligaments) within the breast may be weaker. When these support bands become loose, the breast may start to sag.
Breast heaviness and density can affect how the breast holds its shape as they place strain on the supporting tissues, which may contribute to sagging over time.
These may also contribute to breast sagging. Skin elasticity, collagen quality, and connective tissue strength differ from person to person. Because of these inherited traits, the skin and supportive bands in the breasts may stretch more easily over time in some individuals causing breast sagging7.
During pregnancy, the skin and inner support bands can lose their strength. Weight loss can also change the breast and lead to sagging. Weight cycling (yo-yo dieting) is a potential risk factor for breast sagging. Repeated instances of weight loss and weight gain can stretch and loosen breast skin multiple times, reducing its elasticity and weakening connective tissue support. Over time, this may contribute to breast ptosis, especially after major or repeated weight fluctuations8,9.
As women grow older, the skin and soft tissue support inside the breast become weaker, leading to sagging18.
Hormone changes after pregnancy or menopause can gradually affect breast volume and skin and tissue support over time, which may contribute to a less firm appearance. After menopause, a drop in oestrogen may cause the loss of breast fat, glandular tissue, and supporting structures, which makes the breasts more prone to sagging. The connective tissue also becomes less elastic, and the areola may shrink, while the nipple may slightly turn inward over time10.
Smoking and too much sun exposure can damage the breast tissues.
These causes can act together and slowly change the shape of the breast over time. In the next section, we will look at different ways to manage breast sagging.
The use of non-surgical and surgical options for breast sagging treatment depends on how mild or severe the condition is.
Non-surgical care mainly focuses on improving support and appearance through supportive bras, exercise, and skin care.
Surgical treatment is an option when correction may be needed in the position, shape, or volume of the breasts. Surgery can lift sagging breasts significantly, as it can remove the extra skin, reshape the breast tissue, and improve breast position.
The procedure is selected based on the degree of sagging and whether volume correction is also needed4. This allows the treatment to be tailored to individual breast shape and structure for a more balanced result.
Breast sagging is a natural change that can happen over time due to different internal and external factors. While it cannot be fully avoided, these simple steps may help support breast tissue health.
Smoking can reduce the normal elasticity of the skin, including elasticity of the skin around the breasts. Avoiding smoking helps maintain healthier and more supportive skin over time5.
Too much sun exposure can damage the skin fibres and reduce skin tightness. This may slowly affect breast tissues4. Using sunscreen regularly helps protect the skin from UV rays. SPF 30 or higher is recommended23.
Breast sagging may be seen more in people who have higher body weight and higher BMI5. Keeping a healthy weight by eating balanced food, doing regular exercise, sleeping well, and managing stress may help support overall body and breast health24.
Women who rarely use bras may have less support for the soft tissues of the breasts, which can increase strain over time. Using a properly fitted bra can help provide better support and reduce stress on breast tissues during daily activities5,11.
Frequent high-impact exercises can cause movement-related discomfort and put stress on the soft tissues of the breasts if proper breast support is not used5. High-impact exercise means activities like running or jumping, where both feet leave the ground and the body feels repeated impact25. So, it is advisable to include a variety of exercises in your routine and allow enough rest between sessions26.
These simple habits may help support skin health and reduce the factors associated with breast sagging over time.
1. Myth: Breast sagging happens only because of pregnancy.
Fact: No. Breast sagging can also happen when the skin becomes weak, the support tissues inside the breast become less strong, or when body weight changes over time. Ageing can also lead to breast sagging4.
2. Myth: Only old age causes breast sagging.
Fact: No. Breast skin can also be affected by smoking (weakens the skin), too much sun exposure (damages the skin), and changes in the body during pregnancy or menopause4.
3. Myth: Breastfeeding always causes breast sagging.
Fact: No. Studies show that breastfeeding and the number of pregnancies do not always directly cause breast sagging. Breast shape changes depend more on skin strength, strength of the supportive ligaments in the breasts, ageing, and other body changes5.
You should consult a doctor if you notice signs of breast ptosis (sagging) along with changes that may be concerning or different from usual age-related sagging.
These may include cosmetic changes (changes related to the appearance) due to ageing18, pregnancy, or weight fluctuations, such as:
You should also seek medical attention if you notice any of the following red flag symptoms that may need evaluation:
A doctor will examine your breast, check for underlying causes, and guide you on whether any treatment or follow-up is needed.
Breast sagging is a gradual change that happens over time due to ageing, pregnancy, weight changes, and hormonal factors that affect the skin and tissues supporting the breasts. While non-surgical methods like supportive bras, exercise, and skin care may help improve comfort and appearance, they cannot reverse the condition. Surgical options such as breast lift or augmentation are the only methods that can significantly correct breast shape and position when needed.
Also Read: Can You Increase Your Breast Size Naturally? Here’s What Doctors Want You To Know
Sagging breasts usually do not become fully firm again on their own because the skin and supportive tissues become loose over time. However, doctors can help improve breast shape and firmness using treatments like mastopexy (breast lift surgery), depending on the severity of the sagging4.
Breast ptosis can occur at any age and in any breast size, but it is mainly associated with ageing, pregnancy, weight changes, and hormonal factors1. It is more common after late 20s, and its occurrence generally increases in the 30s and 40s due to these progressive changes2.
No specific vitamin deficiency directly causes sagging breasts. However, vitamins A, C, and E support skin elasticity and collagen formation, so their deficiency may have a small effect on skin firmness28. Breast ptosis is mainly linked to ageing, pregnancy, weight changes, and hormonal factors rather than vitamins alone1.
Wearing a bra all the time may give support and comfort, but it does not stop breasts from sagging. Sagging occurs because of causes such as ageing, pregnancy, and gravity. A bra only helps with support and comfort rather than preventing these natural changes11.
Hormones are not the direct cause of breast sagging. Sagging is mainly caused by changes in breast tissue, volume, and skin support, leading to gradual loss of firmness over time due to the effect of hormones like oestrogen, progesterone, and prolactin during pregnancy and menopause11,29,30.
Exercise may help improve the appearance of sagging breasts. Strength training exercises like push-ups, chest presses, and chest flys strengthen the pectoral muscles underneath the breasts. This does not change breast tissue itself, but it improves the posture22 and gives a firmer, more lifted appearance14.
1. Martinez AA, Chung S. Breast Ptosis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK567792/
2. Kim SJ, Kim M, Kim MJ. The Affecting Factors of Breast Anthropometry in Korean Women. Breastfeed Med. 2014;9(2):73-78. doi:10.1089/bfm.2013.0068. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24180472/
3. Hammond DC. Mastopexy. In: Atlas of Aesthetic Breast Surgery. Elsevier; 2009:83-128. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-3184-0.00005-4. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281874844_Atlas_of_Aesthetic_Breast_Surgery
4. Harrak SE, Jaadi D, Sqalli H, et al. Mastopexy: Management of Breast Ptosis and Complications. SAS J Surg. 2021;7(10):590-595. doi:10.36347/sasjs.2021.v07i10.015. Available from: https://saspublishers.com/media/articles/SASJS_710_590-595.pdf
5. (PDF) A Study on Predisposing Factors to Breast Ptosis. ResearchGate. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325793381_A_Study_on_Predisposing_Factors_to_Breast_Ptosis
6. Breast Ptosis – Abstract – Europe PMC. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk567792#_article-73063_s1_
7. Geusens B, Haykal D. Genetic profiling and precision skin care: a review. Front Genet. 2025;16:1559510. doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1559510. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40529811/
8. Colicchia G, Di Pietro V, Cervelli V. Mastoplasty after massive weight loss: Redefinition and stabilization of the breast mound with submuscular autoprosthesis. J Cutan Aesthetic Surg. 2019;12(3):164. doi:10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_48_18. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31619888/
9. Thillainadesan S, Lambert A, Cooke KC, et al. The metabolic consequences of ‘yo-yo’ dieting are markedly influenced by genetic diversity. Int J Obes. 2024;48(8):1170-1179. doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01542-2. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38961153/
10. Aging changes in the breast: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed April 27, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003999.htm
11. Isono M, Tateoka Y. Fundamental Research on the Invention of Breast Support Underwear with a Focus on Women’s Comfort. Sensors. 2022;23(1):25. doi:10.3390/s23010025. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/25
12. McGhee DE, Steele JR, Zealey WJ, Takacs GJ. Bra–breast forces generated in women with large breasts while standing and during treadmill running: Implications for sports bra design. Appl Ergon. 2013;44(1):112-118. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2012.05.006. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22742876/
13. Rivard AB, Peterson DC. Anatomy, Thorax, Breast. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519575/
14. Schütz P, Zimmer P, Zeidler F, et al. Chest Exercises: Movement and Loading of Shoulder, Elbow and Wrist Joints. Sports. 2022;10(2):19. doi:10.3390/sports10020019. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35202059/
15. Ibrahim AM, Sinno HH, Izadpanah A, Vorstenbosch J. Mastopexy for breast ptosis: Utility outcomes of population preferences. Plast Surg. 2015;23(2). doi:10.4172/plastic-surgery.1000916. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26090352/
16. Ganceviciene R, Liakou AI, Theodoridis A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):308-319. doi:10.4161/derm.22804. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23467476/
17. He X, Wan F, Su W, Xie W. Research Progress on Skin Aging and Active Ingredients. Molecules. 2023;28(14):5556. doi:10.3390/molecules28145556. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37513428/
18. Fernandes A, Rodrigues PM, Pintado M, Tavaria FK. A systematic review of natural products for skin applications: Targeting inflammation, wound healing, and photo-ageing. Phytomedicine. 2023;115:154824. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154824. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37119762/
19. Nagrik SU, Shivshankar M., Chharre VS, Dhage SM, Borey VS. Role of aloe vera in skincare: exploring its therapeutic benefits, formulations, and future innovations. Yemen J Med. 2024;03(03):197-206. doi:10.63475/j.yjom.2024.021. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387072320_Role_of_aloe_vera_in_skincare_exploring_its_therapeutic_benefits_formulations_and_future_innovations
20. Prakoeswa CRS, Damayanti, Anggraeni S, et al. The Role of Moisturizer Containing Anti‐inflammatory on Skin Hydration in Mild‐Moderate Atopic Dermatitis Patients. Guglielmo A, ed. Dermatol Res Pract. 2024;2024(1):3586393. doi:10.1155/drp/3586393. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39741562/
21. Breast augmentation surgery: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002984.htm
22. Dung R. Managing Kyphosis: Preventive Strategies and Therapeutic Approaches for Spinal Health. 12(12). Available from: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access-pdfs/managing-kyphosis-preventive-strategies-and-therapeutic-approaches-for-spinal-health.pdf
23. Faizan P, Prabhas M, Sharma DT. SUNSCREEN AS A COSMETIC PRODUCT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. Available from: https://www.ijarp.com/myimgup/994079394IJARP-2351.pdf
24. Steps for Losing Weight | Healthy Weight and Growth | CDC. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/losing-weight/index.html
25. Khowailed IA, Pinjuv-Turney J, Lu C, Lee H. Stress Incontinence during Different High-Impact Exercises in Women: A Pilot Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(22):8372. doi:10.3390/ijerph17228372. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33198262/
26. 10 Tips for Exercising Safely. Harvard Health. May 4, 2010. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/10-tips-for-exercising-safely
27. Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer – NCI. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/symptoms
28. Januszewski J, Forma A, Zembala J, et al. Nutritional Supplements for Skin Health—A Review of What Should Be Chosen and Why. Medicina (Mex). 2023;60(1):68. doi:10.3390/medicina60010068. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38256329/
29. Mammary Tissue Changes During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding | Springer Nature Link. Accessed April 24, 2026. Available from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-43840-1_14
30. Ahmed G. El-Din Osman, M.D. MKhA MD;, Ahmed Ramadan El Sabbagh, M.Sc. SAAF MD; Comparison between Augmentation Mastopexy in One Session and Two Separate Sessions. Med J Cairo Univ. 2020;88(12):1985-1999. doi:10.21608/mjcu.2020.125137. Available from: https://mail.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.net/index.php/2014-10-22-23-17-30/vol-88-december-2020/4767-comparison-between-augmentation-mastopexy-in-one-session-and-two-separate-sessions
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Cancer can be confusing, especially when people talk about genes. Some people think that if cancer runs in the family, they will definitely get it. Others believe cancer happens randomly and has nothing to do with genes. The truth lies somewhere in the middle.
Most cancers develop from gene changes that happen during the lifetime of an individual due to factors such as aging, lifestyle, and environment, though some cancers can be inherited from parents1,2. However, cancer itself doesn’t pass from parents to children, and the changes in cancer cells also aren’t passed down. But for certain cancers, parents can pass on some genes that increase the chance of developing that cancer in the offspring (subsequent generation)1. Understanding this helps people know their risk better and take appropriate measures.
In this blog, we will explore whether cancer is a genetic disease or not, explain the difference between somatic and hereditary cancers, and discuss how family history and genetic testing can help identify individuals at a higher risk.
Cancer is a genetic disease, but it is not always inherited. Cancer develops when specific genes undergo mutations (changes) that affect how cells grow, divide, and repair themselves. These mutations can cause cells to proliferate uncontrollably, resulting in cancer cell formation. These genetic changes are the root cause of all cancers1.
Genetic changes can happen in two different ways:
This is the most common type. Here, gene changes occur during a person’s lifetime. They are not present at birth and are not handed down to the generations. These genetic changes or mutations may be caused by aging, environmental exposures (such as pollution and radiation), lifestyle factors (such as smoking, poor diet, or lack of exercise), infections, etc1,2.
This type is less common (only up to 10% of cancer are caused by inherited gene changes)1. Here a person acquires a gene mutation from their parents. This mutation is present in their cells from early life and can increase the risk of certain cancers. These inherited changes can also be passed on to the next generation from father’s sperm or mother’s egg (germ cells). Examples of hereditary cancer syndromes include BRCA1/BRCA2-related breast and ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome (an inherited condition that increases a person’s risk of developing certain cancers, especially colon and endometrial cancer, at an early age)3.
So, genetic mutations are responsible for the occurrence of all cancers, but only a small percentage of cancers occur due to certain genes being passed down from parents during conception.
Cancer can develop due to different types of changes in our genes. These changes affect how cells grow and behave. Here are the main types:
The following are some signs which say you may have a hereditary cancer:
Note: These signs don’t guarantee that cancer is hereditary, but they may indicate a higher risk and the need for medical advice or genetic testing.
Genetic testing in cancer is usually done to detect the presence of inherited gene mutations that increase the risk of developing certain type of cancers (presence of germline mutations). Sometimes, if a person is already diagnosed with cancer, genetic testing may be done to check for the gene mutations associated with the cancer (tumour or somatic genetic testing). There are numerous types of genetic tests available now, and many more are still being developed8.
For predicting cancer risk, genetic testing checks for the presence of specific genes that may raise a person’s chance of getting a cancer. It mainly helps to:
In somatic (tumour) genetic testing, the DNA of cancer cells is checked to find changes that led to the tumour. These tests do not detect inherited cancer risk but help doctors in the following way:
Genetic cancer testing checks your DNA to find inherited changes that may increase your risk of certain cancers. It is performed through the following steps:
Note: Testing is usually recommended based on trusted medical guidelines.
If you observe any warning symptoms or have a family history that puts you at risk for cancer, you should contact a doctor. Early medical guidance can aid in immediate detection and better results.
Signs and Symptoms That Need Medical Attention
The following are some warning signs that you should not ignore and seek immediate medical attention for:
Family History and Risk-Related Situations
Family history might enhance your cancer risk and should not be ignored, especially if you are experiencing symptoms. Multiple family members with cancer, cancer at a younger age, the same type of disease returning in the family, having a close relative with cancer, or a family history of related cancers such as breast and ovarian cancer are all warning signals that should be discussed with a doctor9.
Along with consulting a doctor, opting for a comprehensive full-body checkup can help in early detection of potential health risks.
Cancer is a genetic disease however not all cancers are passed on. Understanding the difference between somatic and hereditary cancer might help you determine your risk and take appropriate action. Paying attention to family history and considering genetic testing as needed can help with early detection and treatment. Taking informed action now can result in improved health outcomes tomorrow.
Also Read: Types of Cancer: Symptoms, Early Signs, Diagnosis & More
Inherited gene changes can’t be changed, but cancer can often be prevented or found early through regular screening and healthy lifestyle choices3.
Many cancers are treatable if detected early, while some are more difficult to treat, particularly in advanced stages. Cancers such as pancreatic cancer, are often diagnosed at advanced stages and have poor survival rates, making them more difficult to treat. Similarly, oesophageal cancer, if not detected at an early stage, can spread to the other parts, making recovery difficult11.
The most common cancers which can be inherited are breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic and colorectal cancer1,8.
No, cancer is not 100% hereditary. Only a small percentage (10%) of cancers are inherited, while most develop due to gene changes that occur during a person’s lifetime1.
Yes, cancer occurrence may skip a generation. However, the faulty gene is still passed down, but not everyone who has it will develop cancer1.
An abnormal gene that increases cancer risk can come from either the mother or the father. Only about 5-10% of cancers are inherited; that is they are passed down through genes in sperm or egg cells1.
Cancer is usually not directly inherited, but some gene changes passed from parents (through sperm or egg) can increase cancer risk. These are found in all cells of the body and are linked to about 5-10% of cancers1.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Many women experience issues like irregular periods, sudden weight gain, acne, or mood swings but may not immediately understand the cause. These can often be linked to polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), conditions which are associated with hormonal imbalances, mainly affecting the ovaries, but can also affect other parts of the body1.
PCOD and PCOS are often used interchangeably, but they are slightly different. PCOD is usually identified through ultrasound scans, while PCOS is a more serious condition diagnosed based on symptoms and involves greater hormonal and metabolic imbalances.
Today, a large number of women are affected by PCOD, especially due to changes in lifestyle, stress, and eating habits2. Diet and lifestyle can play an important role in managing the condition, and making healthier food choices may help improve symptoms and support overall health.
This blog about PCOD diet chart will help you understand what foods to eat and what to avoid if you have PCOD. We will also provide you with some sample meal plans and simple lifestyle tips that can help you manage PCOD effectively.
PCOD is the presence of polycystic changes in the ovaries, commonly seen in women of reproductive age. They arise when the follicles (small sacs in the ovary that release egg) do not grow properly. Instead of developing and releasing an egg during ovulation, these follicles remain tiny and form fluid-filled sacs, giving the polycystic appearance on ultrasound scans1,3.
A polycystic ovary is usually diagnosed when:
These changes are mainly due to a hormone imbalance, which prevents the follicles from maturing and releasing an egg. As ovulation may not happen regularly, the menstrual cycle gets disturbed, and in some cases, it can affect fertility1.
Not all women will have the same symptoms, but common ones include:
Diet plays a central role in managing PCOD because the condition is closely linked to how the body processes hormones, sugar, and fat. The right food choices can help balance hormones, control blood sugar, and reduce symptoms. The following says why diet is important to manage PCOD.
The following are a list of foods for PCOD management that you can consider:
Foods with low glycaemic index that is those that do not cause a spike in insulin after consumption like high-fibre foods7, help control blood sugar levels and improve hormonal balance6,8. These include:
They support muscle health and help in weight management, which is important to manage PCOD symptoms6,9. These include:
Foods rich in healthy fats such as omega-3 and MUFA are helpful in managing PCOD6. They help improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and also support weight management10. These include:
Foods rich in micronutrients such as Vitamins D and other vitamins and minerals can help reduce inflammation, improve insulin sensitivity and enhance metabolic health, thereby supporting PCOD management6,11. These include:
Note: Certain foods may trigger allergic reactions in some individuals. Such foods should be avoided. Also, it is recommended to consult a doctor or dietitian before making any dietary changes if you have PCOD and other associated conditions like diabetes.
There are several foods to be avoided if you have PCOD, as they can negatively impact your health. The following are some foods to avoid in PCOD:
These digest very fast and contribute to sudden glucose spikes. They also cause insulin resistance which can worsen PCOD6,12. These include:
These contribute to rapid increase in blood sugar, leading to higher insulin production and eventually insulin resistance. This negatively affects metabolism and can aggravate PCOD symptoms6,12.
These foods are high in salt and unhealthy fats. They can cause weight gain and increase the risk of obesity, diabetes and other inflammatory diseases, in turn negatively affectively PCOD6,13.
These foods are high in unhealthy fats. They cause inflammation and contribute to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc., by worsening PCOD14.
The following table shows a 7-day diet plan which can be considered a PCOD diet chart for weight loss.
| Day | Breakfast | Mid-Morning Snack | Lunch | Evening Snack | Dinner |
| Day 1 | Spinach and banana smoothie with flaxseeds | 1 apple + handful of soaked almonds | Quinoa pulao with mixed vegetables + cucumber raita. | Tea + roasted chana | 2 chapatis + vegetable curry |
| Day 2 | Moong dal dosa (or besan chilla) with mint chutney | Coconut water + 1 Pear. | 2 multigrain rotis + rajma curry + spinach fry + cucumber salad | 1 cup Low-fat yogurt | Broken wheat khichdi or tofu stir-fry. |
| Day 3 | Vegetable omelette + whole wheat toast | Watermelon bowl | 1 cup brown rice + methi dal + stir-fried french beans | Roasted makhana (foxnuts) + green tea | Moong dal khichdi+ sauteed vegetables |
| Day 4 | Spinach and vegetable poha (made by adding peanuts & peas) + 1 glass of milk (low-fat) | A small bowl of mixed berries | ½ cup brown rice + 1 cup lentil curry + 1 cup ladies finger curry + salad | 1 boiled egg + a glass of low-fat milk | 2 Small multigrain rotis+ grilled chicken / paneer |
| Day 5 | Vegetable oats + 1 boiled egg | 1 Guava or pomegranate | 2 bajra rotis + Chana dal + cucumber-tomato salad | Buttermilk + roasted seeds | Vegetable-stuffed besan cheela (less oil) |
| Day 6 | Millet dosa with tomato chutney | Fruit salad with sunflower seeds | Mixed dal + quinoa rice + roasted veggies | 1 bowl Papaya slices | Vegetable soup + salad + paneer/tofu |
| Day 7 | Ragi (finger millet) porridge with nuts | 1 small orange + few pumpkin seeds | Brown rice + sambar + vegetable stir-fry | 2 small ragi laddus | 2 chapatis+ paneer tikka |
Note: This 7-day diet plan is for general guidance only. Everyone’s needs may differ based on age, health, and lifestyle. It is best to consult a doctor or dietitian to get a customised diet for PCOD patients.
Along with a proper diet, the following lifestyle tips might help you manage your PCOD symptoms.
Sticking to a proper diet is not always an easy task. Consistency is the key. The following are some tips that might help you stick to your PCOD diet.
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies to Help Ease PCOS Symptoms
A healthy lifestyle and a well-balanced diet are required for effective management of PCOD. Choosing the proper meals, being active, controlling stress, and practising healthy daily routines can all assist in improving hormonal balance and alleviating symptoms. Consistency is more important than perfection, so small, regular efforts can have a significant impact over time. With the right strategy and mindset, PCOD can be effectively managed, leading to improved overall health and well-being.
Yes, a PCOD patient can eat curd, as it is a probiotic. According to some studies, probiotics help in managing fasting blood sugar, reduce inflammation and improve insulin activity in women with PCOD6.
Losing 5 kg in a month can be difficult, but you can aim for it by eating healthy (less sugar and junk food, more fruits, vegetables, and protein). Regular exercise, good sleep, and managing stress can help your body work better and support weight management5,6,12,14.
PCOD can be managed through diet, but it should be combined with stress management, regular physical activity, proper sleep, and healthy lifestyle habits for better results. However, PCOD cannot be completely cured; it needs long-term management with these factors5
Yes, dates can be included in the diet for PCOD, as they are rich in fibre, natural energy, vitamins, and minerals. However, they should be consumed in moderation due to their high natural sugar content, which may affect blood glucose levels if taken in excess18.
Herbal infusion made from ingredients like cinnamon, aloe vera, green tea, etc., are said to reduce the symptoms of PCOD, as they are rich in several antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties. However, more research is needed to confirm the potential benefits of these herbal infusions for PCOD management5. The best drink therefore, you may choose is just plain water, which will help you stay hydrated and support your metabolism and overall health16.
1. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html
2. Sharma A, Sarwal Y, Devi NK, Saraswathy KN. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome prevalence and associated sociodemographic risk factors: a study among young adults in Delhi NCR, India. Reprod Health. 2025;22(1):61. doi:10.1186/s12978-025-02019-9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12039125/
3. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). 2024. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/polycystic-ovarian-syndrome-pcos#symptoms
4. Nallaparaju LS. QUANTIFYING THE PREVALENCE AND INTERDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIPOF PCOD, OBESITY, AND DEPRESSION – A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL, POLYCENTRIC STUDY. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 12(7):732-764. Available from: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/57fb03a2e4edae203d6b8262b656e58b.pdf
5. Szczuko M, Kikut J, Szczuko U, et al. Nutrition Strategy and Life Style in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2452. doi:10.3390/nu13072452. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34371961/
6. Muhammed Saeed AA, Noreen S, Awlqadr FH, et al. Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management. J Health Popul Nutr. 2025;44(1):143. doi:10.1186/s41043-025-00899-y. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40317096/
7. High-fiber foods. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm
8. Whole Grains. Available from: https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/what-should-you-eat/whole-grains/
9. Protein. Available from: https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/what-should-you-eat/protein/
10. DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH. Good Fats versus Bad Fats: A Comparison of Fatty Acids in the Promotion of Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Obesity. Mo Med. 2017;114(4):303-307. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30228616/
11. Yu X, Pu H, Voss M. Overview of anti-inflammatory diets and their promising effects on non-communicable diseases. Br J Nutr. 2024;132(7):898-918. doi:10.1017/S0007114524001405. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39411832/
12. Maffetone P, Laursen PB. Refined carbohydrates and the overfat pandemic: implications for brain health and public health policy. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1585680. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1585680. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41229472/
13. Mititelu M, Oancea CN, Neacșu SM, et al. Evaluation of Junk Food Consumption and the Risk Related to Consumer Health among the Romanian Population. Nutrients. 2023;15(16):3591. doi:10.3390/nu15163591. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37630781/
14. Gadiraju T, Patel Y, Gaziano J, Djoussé L. Fried Food Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients. 2015;7(10):8424-8430. doi:10.3390/nu7105404. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26457715/
15. Salajegheh Z, Ahmadi A, Shahrahmani H, et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) effects on the worries of women with poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):185. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04671-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36944940/
16. Water – a vital nutrient. 2026. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/water-a-vital-nutrient
17. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 2024. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polycystic-ovarian-syndrome-pcos
18. Awan KA, Yaqoob S, Ul‐Haq I, et al. Therapeutic Power of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.): A Nutrient‐Rich Superfood for Holistic Health and Disease Prevention. Food Science & Nutrition. 2025;13(9):e70896. doi:10.1002/fsn3.70896. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12415069/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
1
For any big disease, early detection plays a crucial role in improving the chances of successful treatment and survival. One such disease is cancer, where abnormal body cells grow and multiply uncontrollably, and can invade and damage nearby healthy tissues1.
There are several types of cancer, and a lot of them develop gradually and may show only mild signs in the early stages2. These signs are often ignored or mistaken for other health conditions. Being aware of these early warning signs can help individuals seek medical advice at the right time and take appropriate action2.
In addition to recognising symptoms, regular screening programmes such as tumour marker tests, mammography, colonoscopy, and Pap smear also play a key role in the early detection of certain cancers2,3 often before symptoms appear.
In this article, we will discuss more early warning signs of cancer, why they are important and when to seek medical attention. The aim here is not to create fear, but to encourage awareness and regular health monitoring for early detection of diseases like cancer.
Warning signs of cancer are unusual or unexpected changes in the body which may indicate that something is not functioning normally1. These can be visible physical symptoms (lumps, bleeding, etc.) or internal symptoms (fatigue, digestive problems, etc.)1,4.
In many cases, early-stage cancer may not cause any noticeable symptoms for months or even years1. Symptoms often appear later, as the disease progresses and begins to affect surrounding tissues or body functions. However, it is important to remember that these symptoms are not always caused by cancer they may also result from common illnesses or temporary health issues.
Still, persistent, recurring, or worsening symptoms should not be ignored. In addition, certain symptoms, such as unexplained bleeding2, coughing up blood5, or bleeding after menopause, require immediate medical attention, even if they occur only once. In such cases, it is important to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis, as early detection can improve the survival rate.
The following are some early warning signs of cancer in your body that you should not ignore.
Sudden weight loss without any changes in diet is a warning sign. This is a common sign in both men and women. Cancer causes the way your body burns energy leading to weight loss. Lack of appetite during this time is also a contributing factor. This is usually seen in cancers related to the pancreas, head, neck, lungs, and upper digestive system6.
Extreme tiredness that does not improve with rest may be a sign. Fatigue in cancer is often due to anaemia, inflammation in the body or changes in the metabolism and energy levels in the body. It can also affect the mind and emotions. It is common in both men and women. It can make you feel exhausted, lazy, and weak. This is common in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, etc7.
A new lump or thickened area under the skin, especially in the breast, neck, armpit, or groin, should be checked. These may indicate abnormal cell growth or swollen lymph nodes. Commonly, swollen lymph nodes are caused by infections in which case they are usually soft and tender. However, lymph nodes that are hard, non-tender, fixed, and continue to grow may be a sign of cancer8. Lumps can be seen in both men and women. A lump in the breast, related to breast cancer, is more likely to occur in women than in men3.
Unusual bleeding, even if you are not hurt, can be a sign of cancer. It can occur in different parts of the body and can be seen in both men and women. Bleeding may appear as vomiting blood (haematemesis), coughing up blood (haemoptysis), or blood in the stool (melena or haematochezia), depending on where it comes from in the body. In women, abnormal bleeding from the vagina or breast may be seen in vaginal or breast cancer9,10. In men, blood in the urine or semen may be associated with prostate cancer11. The blood can appear red, brown or black.
Developing new moles or changes in existing moles, such as in their size, shape, colour (also yellowing of the skin) or texture, or itching, oozing or bleeding from them, are all signs to note. Any non-healing ulcers, skin or nail changes, should not be ignored9. These can be seen in both men and women. These changes are normally signs of skin cancer12.
Ongoing pain without a clear cause that does not improve over time may sometimes indicate cancer, especially if the pain continues for a long period, keeps coming back or gets worse9. Younger people have greater chances of developing more pain compared to adults13. It can be seen in men and in women.
A cough lasting for weeks, coughing up blood, or persistent hoarseness should not be ignored5,14. Coughing up blood (haemoptysis) alone is a serious warning sign and requires prompt medical evaluation. These symptoms can be seen in both men and in women. Such symptoms are normally seen in lung and throat cancer5,14.
Persistent changes in bowel movements are also warning signs to note. These include changes in bowel habits such as diarrhoea, constipation, or more frequent bowel movements, which lasts more than a few days (above 2-3 weeks). These habits are more seen in colorectal (bowel) cancer, as it affects the parts of the digestive system, colon and rectum15 and are seen in men and in women.
Persistent problems such as a sudden urge to urinate, differences in urine stream, frequent urination (particularly at night), pain or burning while urinating, etc., should not be ignored. These signs are common in men. They can occur in prostate cancer11.
Unexplained fever or sweats, particularly at night, may be the warning signs of cancer. These can occur in certain types of cancers, such as lymphoma (particularly night sweat), bone cancer, prostate cancer, leukaemia, etc16. However, these symptoms are not specific and can also be related to certain medications or infections9. In women, increased sweating may also be seen during menopause16.
A persistent feeling of heartburn or discomfort, or pain in the chest, and difficulty in swallowing, causing pain and burning, are the signs that should be taken into consideration9. They can occur in both men and women. These are the signs suggestive of throat cancer, lung cancer and bowel cancer5,14,15.
Early detection of cancer is very important because:
The following are some blood tests that can help detect cancer19:
Note: Screening and early detection methods have certain limitations, including false-positive results (when a test indicates cancer that is not present in real), false-negative results (when cancer is missed), and overdiagnosis (detection of cancers that may not cause harm). A combination of tests, including imaging and blood tests, is generally needed for confirmation.
Also Read: Types of Cancer: Symptoms, Early Signs, Diagnosis & More
You should consider consulting a doctor in the following situations:
People with higher risk factors, including older age, family or personal history of cancer, long-term tobacco or alcohol use, or chronic illnesses, specifically should seek timely medical advice if they notice any unusual or persistent changes18,19.
Also Read: Breast Cancer: Foods to Have and Avoid During and After Treatment
Cancer can often be treated more effectively when detected early. Warning signs like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, lumps, or unusual bleeding should not be ignored. Although these symptoms may not always mean cancer, they can still indicate changes in the body that need attention. Early medical consultation helps in timely diagnosis, better treatment, and improved recovery chances.
Also Read: Is Cancer a Genetic Disease? Hereditary Risk & Genetic Testing Guide
Only about 5-10% of cancer cases are caused by inherited genetic defects. About 90-95% are linked to environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, alcohol use, excessive sun exposure, pollution, infections, stress, obesity, etc20.
Cancer starts when normal cells in the body undergo changes (mutations) in their DNA. These changes cause the cells to grow and divide uncontrollably instead of following normal growth patterns. Over time, these abnormal cells can form a mass (tumour) and may spread to other parts of the body4.
Cancer lumps are usually poorly defined, irregular in shape, and may have lobulated edges. They may be me hard, fixed to tissues below and can gradually grow in size over time21.
Cancer often first shows up as small, unusual changes in the body such as a lump, unexplained weight loss, or persistent fatigue. These early signs are usually mild and may slowly worsen over time4,9.
The best anti-cancer foods, or cancer-fighting foods, include berries (raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, etc.), other fruits (bananas, citrus fruits, etc.), whole grains (whole-wheat pasta, raisin bran, barley, oatmeal, etc.), legumes (lentils, black beans, split peas, lima beans, baked beans, etc.) and vegetables (broccoli, spinach, dark green leafy vegetables, peas, etc.)22.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Cancer is one of the major health problems around the world, affecting millions of people every year. Even though there is a big advancement in the medical treatment, many cases are detected very late, making the treatment procedure difficult. This is why knowing cancer is important, especially its early signs and symptoms. Finding cancer early can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery1.
There are different types of cancer, which can affect different body parts, and the early symptoms are often not clear or easy to notice. Common warning signs may include unexplained weight loss, constant tiredness, unusual lumps, unusual sweeting, etc2. Pain is usually a late feature in many cancers, so paying attention to the other changes in the body and consulting a doctor on time is important for diagnosis and improving treatment outcomes.
This article might help you understand the main types of cancer, their early warning signs and how they are diagnosed. The aim is to raise awareness, help detect cancers early, and encourage people to take better care of their health.
Cancer is a disease that happens when normal cells in the body change and start growing uncontrollably, forming a tumour that can spread and harm healthy tissues1. However, all tumours are not cancers. They can be benign or malignant3. Also, not all cancers form solid tumours, such as blood cancers, which have no discrete growth as such4.
The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another through the blood or lymph system is called metastasis. In addition, cancer also spread directly into nearby tissues (local invasion)3 or within body cavities, such as the abdomen6.
The risk of cancer increases with age. This is because, over time, the body builds up more risk factors, and the natural repair system of cells becomes less effective as we grow older1. Other risk factors include family history, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, etc.), viral infections (human papilloma or hepatitis), etc2.
Cancer develops differently in each person, and not all growths are harmful. With early detection and proper treatment, many cancers can be managed effectively1.
There are different types of cancers which can develop in different body parts. Most of these cancers have very few known causes4,7,9. The following might help you understand how many types of cancer exist based on the types of cancer cells.
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in epithelial tissue, which covers the skin and lines the inside of organs and body passages. It can develop in tissues that produce or secrete substances, such as in the breast, lungs, colon, prostate, or bladder, (adenocarcinoma) or in flat, thin cells that form the skin surface and line some internal organs (squamous cell carcinoma)10. The common cause is the accumulation of genetic changes over time, which leads cells to uncontrolled growth of cells. The risk factors that can trigger these genetic alterations including smoking, alcohol consumption, chemical exposure, lack of physical activity, obesity, etc11,12.
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that begins in the body’s supportive and connective tissues like bones, muscles, fat, cartilage, and tendons. It is more common in children and in adolescents, compared to carcinoma. However, several other types (soft tissue sarcomas) can also occur in adults. It often appears as a painful lump, especially in the bones, and the tumour usually looks like the normal tissue from where it starts10. It is commonly caused by mutation in the gene due to exposure to radiation or by certain cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens)9.
Leukaemia is a blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow, the place where blood cells are produced. It disrupts the normal functioning of bone marrow, leading to the reduced production of red blood cells and the platelet count. This can cause problems like fatigue, anaemia, and poor blood clotting10. The risk factors include family history, age and sex, exposure to harmful radiations and chemicals, and viral infections (human T-cell leukaemia virus)4.
Myeloma (multiple myeloma) is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, which are white blood cells that help fight infection by making antibodies8. The plasma cells produce certain types of protein (monoclonal (M) protein/paraprotein) which are found in the blood10. Here, abnormal plasma cells grow too much in the bone marrow and replace healthy blood cells, affecting red cells, white cells, and platelets. The risk factors include age, exposure to x-rays or other radiations, people belonging to specific races, etc8.
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that starts in the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus. This system helps fight infections by supporting the development and activation of white blood cells. It is a type of blood-related (hematologic) cancer, that is often seen as enlarged lymph nodes or mass-like growths. It can also develop in organs like the stomach, breast, or brain10. People with weak immune systems, those on immune-suppressing medicines, Epstein-Barr virus infection, radiation exposure, and those with a family history are at higher risk of developing lymphoma7.
There are several types of cancers. Below are some common types and their symptoms.
Although different types of cancer show different signs and symptoms, there are some warning signs to watch out for. The following are some early signs of cancer that you should not ignore.
Early detection of cancer plays a crucial role in improving outcomes and saving lives. The following says why early detection matters and how it is helpful to patients.
Note: Early detection helps improve outcomes in many cancers like breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, but it is not equally effective for all cancers. Some, like pancreatic cancer, are often found late, while others (e.g., prostate or thyroid cancer) may be over diagnosed. Early treatment can improve well-being but may still cause side effects, and even advanced cancers can sometimes be managed with good care.
The following is a list of blood tests performed in early cancer detection.
Note: Diagnosis of cancer typically requires histopathological confirmation (biopsy); imaging or basic blood screening tests alone are generally not definitive for most cancers.
You should consider seeing a doctor if you notice:
Also Read: Does Masturbating Increase Risk of Prostate Cancer or Vice Versa?
Cancer is a serious condition, but it can often be effectively managed, especially with early detection. Recognising warning signs and going for regular check-ups can greatly improve treatment outcomes. Understanding different types of cancer and their symptoms helps you stay aware and take timely action. Prioritising your health and consulting a doctor when needed can make a life-saving difference.
An MRI cannot test all types of cancer. It is good to detect cancer caused in the brain, soft tissues, breast and colon12,14,21. However, it has limitations in early diagnosis of some types of cancers like lung cancer21.
There are said to be more than 200 types of cancer which affect the organs, tissues, blood, bone marrow and immune system2.
Yes, it is possible for a person to have more than one type of cancer, either at the same time or one after another. This is called multiple primary cancers. Although it is not very common, these cancers start separately in different parts of the body and are not caused by the spread of an existing cancer22.
The silent signs of cancer include:
-Unexplained weight loss
-Lack of appetite
-New or unexplained pain2
-New mole or changes in existing mole (skin changes)
-Unusual bleeding or bruising
-Changes in bowel movement
-Long-term cough or hoarseness17
-Difficulty in breathing or swallowing, chest pain or discomfort, etc11
The most common types of cancer found in women are breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, oral cancer and colorectal cancer23.
The most common types of cancer found in men are prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, oral cancer, stomach cancer and oesophageal cancer23.
1. Cancer. 2025. Doi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
2. Cancer: NHS. 2025. Doi: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cancer/
3. Cancer: Medline. 2025. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html
4. Leukaemia. 2023. Doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/leukaemia
5. Benign. 2025. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002236.htm
6. Menon G, Santillan VR. Peritoneal Surface Malignancies. 2025. Doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541114/
7. Lymphoma. 2025. Doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lymphoma
8. Myeloma Basics. 2025. Doi: https://www.cdc.gov/myeloma/about/index.html
9. Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Soft Tissue Sarcomas. 2026. Doi: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention.html
10. Cancer Classification. Doi: https://training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/categories/classification.html
11. Lung Cancer. 2025. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html
12. Breast Cancer. 2025. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html
13. Colorectal Cancer. 2024. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html
14. Bowel cancer (colon and rectal cancer). 2023. Doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bowel-cancer
15. Prostate Cancer. 2024. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html
16. Sathe NC, Zito PM. Skin Cancer. 2025. Doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441949/
17. Symptoms of Cancer. 2019. Doi: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/symptoms
18. Imai M, Nakamura Y, Yoshino T. Transforming cancer screening: the potential of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) technologies. Int J Clin Oncol. 2025;30(2):180-193. doi:10.1007/s10147-025-02694-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39799530/
19. Tumor Marker Tests in Common Use. 2023. Doi: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-list
20. How Cancer Is Diagnosed. 2023. Doi: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis
21. Sim AJ, Kaza E, Singer L, Rosenberg SA. A review of the role of MRI in diagnosis and treatment of early stage lung cancer. Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology. 2020;24:16-22. doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2020.06.002. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7306507/
22. Vogt A, Schmid S, Heinimann K, et al. Multiple primary tumours: challenges and approaches, a review. ESMO Open. 2017;2(2):e000172. doi:10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000172. https://www.esmoopen.com/article/S2059-7029(20)32451-0/fulltext
23. Kalra K. Common Cancers in India, theirincreasing incidence. Symptomswhich need immediate attention. Doi: https://www.cghs.mohfw.gov.in/CGHSGrievance/FormFlowXACTION?hmode=ftpFileDownload&fileName=23052025114829_Common-Cancers-in-India-their-increasing-incidence-(9-November-2021)-.pdf&folderName=Circular&isGlobal=1
24. Nicholson BD, Hamilton W, O’Sullivan J, Aveyard P, Hobbs FR. Weight loss as a predictor of cancer in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2018;68(670):e311-e322. doi:10.3399/bjgp18X695801. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29632004/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Noticing a lump under the armpit can be unsettling and often makes you anxious. It is extremely normal to get worried when you notice something like this in such sensitive areas. But an important thing is that not all lumps under the armpit are dangerous; many are harmless and may result from minor infections, use of certain medications or vaccines or may be a benign cyst1. Still, it is important to consult your doctor for confirmation.
This article is a guide which might help you understand what the armpit lumps actually are, how they are caused, their symptoms and diagnostic procedures, and the treatment methods followed. It will also discuss some simple home-based approaches for minor cases. So, let’s go ahead!
Armpit lumps are any bumps or swelling felt under the armpit. They can be present under the skin of your armpit or deep inside. These lumps can be soft or hard, moving or fixed at a position, and painless or painful. They can occur along with several other symptoms. A common reason behind armpit lumps is the swelling of lymph nodes in this region2.
These lumps in most cases are harmless, whereas sometimes they may also indicate underlying conditions which need medical attention1,2. Understanding their nature is the first step in knowing when to monitor them and when to seek medical advice.
Armpits can develop lumps for various reasons. The following describes the most common armpit lump causes:
As the lump under the armpit can arise from a variety of causes, each cause can put forward different symptoms. The following are some symptoms that you may experience if you have an armpit lump
Note: The symptoms of lumps, if persisting for a while, should not be ignored, as they can also indicate dangerous conditions like HIV or certain cancers. Therefore, consult your doctor if the symptoms are not resolving or getting worse than before.
Doctors typically use a combination of clinical evaluation and tests to determine armpit lump causes. These include:
Although some types resolve themselves, certain types might require medical/surgical management. Armpit lump treatment is employed by doctors based on the causes and can include the following:
While medical treatment is the cornerstone of management for lumps that don’t resolve spontaneously or are bothersome, the following armpit lump home remedies may be tried:
Note: Home care tips should be followed only alongside medical treatment, if advised. Avoid solely relying on them as they cannot heal the problem permanently. Although some cases resolve by themselves, consulting a doctor is very important to understand how to cure an armpit lump, especially if the lump persists, grows, or becomes painful.
A lump under the armpit, if left untreated, can worsen the condition. The following are possible complications of armpit lumps.
Lump under the armpit caused by conditions like infections, ingrown hair, etc., can be avoided by following certain tips such as the following:
Note: These are just general tips which might help reduce the occurrence of lumps; following these doesn’t necessarily mean that someone may not get related infections or conditions.
Armpit lumps are often surrounded by common misconceptions, but understanding the facts can help reduce unnecessary worry and ensure timely medical care. The following are a few common myths which are widespread:
| Sr No. | Myths | Facts |
| 1 | All armpit lumps are cancerous | This is not true; while lumps under the armpit may result from cancer, they can also be due to bacterial or viral infections, ingrown hair, allergic or inflammatory conditions, and certain medications. Some are just non-cancerous cysts or fatty tissue collection1,2. |
| 2 | Lumps under armpits are always painful. | This is false. Armpit lumps may not be always painful; they can be sometimes just be a painless growth, such as lipomas (fatty tissue collection)2,10. |
| 3 | Only women get armpit lumps. | There is a common belief that armpit lumps develop only in women possibly owing to their connection with breast cancer1, however, this is incorrect. There are several other causes of armpit lumps which can affect men as well. |
| 4 | If a lump is not painful, it is nothing serious. | While some of the painless lumps may not be harmful, some can indicate serious conditions like lymphoma15. Even though asymptomatic, getting any persistent lump investigated by a doctor is always the right approach. |
| 5 | Armpit lumps always need surgery | All types of armpit lumps do not demand surgery; surgeries are only done if they are bothersome and don’t go away after primary treatment methods such as local or systemic medication or are cancerous. Certain types of lumps do not even need treatment; they might go away by themselves after a while2,4,10. |
There are certain signs that you should not ignore if you have armpit lumps. Consult a doctor immediately:
Also Read: Home Remedies for Dark Underarms
Armpit lumps are a common concern and are often harmless, usually caused by infections, irritation, or swollen lymph nodes. However, some cases may indicate underlying conditions that require medical attention. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you respond appropriately. While simple home care may help in minor cases, it is important to consult a doctor if the lump persists, grows, or is associated with other symptoms. Early evaluation provides peace of mind and helps get timely and appropriate treatment when needed.
Cancerous lumps are usually painless, hard and non-movable1. They can be seen growing, changing in size and shape. These lumps might also be pigmented (red or purple) or easy to bleed. Most importantly they do not heal.15,16
Lump in one armpit may mostly be associated with swollen node reaction towards infections, allergies or irritation (shaving).
Not all armpit lumps are sign of breast cancer; they may have several causes. However, someone with breast cancer can have armpit lump as an important indicator1.
Deodorants or antiperspirants may cause allergies leading to an armpit lump1.
Yes; shaving can cause armpit lumps, especially in teenagers who have just started shaving1.
1. Armpit Lump. 2025. doi: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003099.htm
2. Lump Under Armpit. 2025. doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lump-under-armpit
3. Boils and Curbuncles. 2022. doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513141/
4. Ingrown Hair. 2023. doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ingrown-hair
5. Ah-Thiane L, Ferrer L, Maucherat B, et al. Vaccine-Related Lymph Nodes: The Emerging Pitfalls of 18F-Fluorocholine and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in the Era of COVID-19 Vaccination. Clin Nucl Med. 2022;47(7):575-582. doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000004190. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35675134/
6. Tests for Breast Cancer. 2023. doi: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/getting-diagnosed/tests
7. Computer Tomography. US FDA. https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/computed-tomography-ct
8. MRI Scan. 2014. doi: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/mri-scan
9. X-Ray. doi: https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html
10. Lipoma. 2025. doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lipoma
11. Hidradenitis Superativa. doi: https://medlineplus.gov/hidradenitissuppurativa.html
12. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). 2023. doi: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hidradenitis-suppurativa/
13. Weir CB, J N, Hilaire. Epidermal Inclusion Cyst. 2023. doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532310/
14. Lymphedema. 2024. doi: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema
15. What Are the Symptoms of Lymphoma. doi: https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/lymphoma/what-are-symptoms-lymphoma
16. Skin Lumps. 2025. doi: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003279.htm
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
The journey to motherhood often starts before pregnancy; even slight changes in your lifestyle might bring about a major difference in fertility. Female fertility refers to a woman’s natural ability to conceive1. It depends on healthy ovulation, balanced hormones and egg quality2.
Diet is considered as one of the important factors supporting reproductive health. A diet comprised of nutritious foods might help maintain hormonal balance, support regular ovulation, and improve egg quality, hence providing a positive impact on female fertility, due to the presence of vitamins, minerals, healthy fats and antioxidants1.
On the other hand, unhealthy eating habits and highly processed foods may disrupt reproductive health and might negatively impact female fertility3. Therefore, choosing the right foods, avoiding certain unhealthy foods, and following a healthy lifestyle might help support fertility and reproductive health in females.
In this article, we will discuss more on the relation between diet and fertility. We will talk on topics such as food that increases fertility in women, foods to avoid, nutrients that support fertility and also share some dietary tips and lifestyle habits to follow for improving reproductive health.
Diet plays an important role in supporting female fertility. The nutrients you consume can affect hormone balance, ovulation, egg quality, and overall reproductive health.
Hormones play a crucial role in menstruation and ovulation1. Eating a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, and healthy fats helps maintain proper hormone levels. Certain nutrients such as folate, iron, zinc and antioxidants are especially important for fertility. These support egg development and protect reproductive cells from damage1.
Diet might also influence ovulation, which is the process of releasing an egg from the ovary4. An unhealthy diet might interfere with this process and can contribute to ovulation disorders1. This, in turn, can reduce the chances of conception.
Body weight plays an important role in reproductive health. Being underweight or overweight may disturb hormone levels and menstrual cycles. A proper diet can help maintain body weight and improve ovulation3,4, which in turn, improves reproductive health.
Therefore, following a healthy and balanced diet not only improves overall health but also supports hormone regulation, egg quality, and regular ovulation, all of which are essential for female fertility.
Some nutrients are especially important for female fertility because they support hormonal balance, ovulation, and reproductive health. They include:
Following are some fertility boosting foods for females.
These include kale, spinach, collard, palak, etc. They are rich in nutrients like vitamin A, folic acid, iron, calcium, etc1,7. Hence, they may be helpful in maintaining hormonal balance and healthy ovulation.
How to include in diet: Can be consumed by adding it to vegetables, salads, soups, stir-fries or by preparing it as roti, dosa, etc., as breakfast or a midday snack.
These include salmon, sardines, mackerel, etc. They are rich in nutrients like vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids1, flavonoids, and polyphenols3. These nutrients are beneficial in improving egg quality3, supporting ovulation, enhancing hormonal balance and reducing reproductive organ inflammation6.
How to include in diet: Can be consumed by grilling or baking, by adding in salads or in curries during breakfast, dinner or lunch.
These include almonds, walnuts, Brazel nuts, etc. They are rich in nutrients like vitamin E3, iron, folate, calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, etc7.Since they are enriched with these nutrients, nuts might be helpful in reducing oxidative stress and improving egg quality3, helping ovulation, maintaining hormonal levels6, and improving blood flow to the ovaries8.
How to consume: Can be taken by adding in yoghurt, smoothies, or oatmeal during breakfast or as a midday or evening snack.
These are rich in protein, folate, vitamin D1, iron, iodine, vitamin B127, etc. These nutrients are helpful in reducing inflammation and managing reproductive health, lowering the chances of anovulation (ovaries skipping the release of eggs during a cycle) and other ovulation disorders1, and improve egg quality9.
How to include in diet: Can be consumed by boiling, by making scrambled versions, or by including in salads, sandwiches, or curries, during breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
These include oats, brown rice, quinoa, etc. They are rich in dietary fibre, carbohydrates, and some vitamins1,7. Consuming diets with low glycaemic index and whole grains can help support reproductive health by regulating the activity of insulin, which may influence female sex hormones10.
How to include in diet: Can consume as an alternative to refined grains, like brown rice instead of white rice, oatmeal, quinoa in salads and bowls, etc., as lunch or dinner.
These include strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, etc. They are rich in antioxidants like flavonoids, polyphenols3, resveratrol, lupiol5, vitamin C7, etc. These antioxidants present in the berries might help reduce oxidative damage and improve the egg quality, reduce inflammation3, support ovulation, and protect against age-related fertility decline11.
How to include in diet: Can be added to smoothies, yoghurt, cereal, or enjoy them as a healthy midday or evening snack.
Enriched with several nutrients, these can be the best fertility foods when trying to get pregnant.
The following are the foods that you should avoid if you are trying to conceive.
These include fried or processed foods such as packaged snacks, instant noodles, red or processed meat, fast foods, etc., which often contain high amounts of unhealthy fats and preservatives. They can increase the risk of ovulation disorders and cause oxidative stress, increasing the chances of infertility12.
These include candies, pastries, soft drinks, sweetened juices, etc., which might cause sudden spikes in the blood sugar level. They might contribute to insulin resistance, diabetes and abnormal levels of fat, resulting in oxidative stress, which can negatively impact fertility and reproductive health3,12.
This, especially in excess amounts, can induce menstrual disorders and might directly affect female fertility by changing natural hormone levels and affecting egg maturation, ovulation, early embryo development and implantation. It may also lead to adverse effects in the baby’s development if consumed during pregnancy1 .
These include shark, king mackerel, bigeye tuna, marlin, etc. Mercury is known as an endocrine disruptor; it can cause menstrual problems and inhibit ovulation13. The FDA recommends avoiding mercury-rich fishes if trying to get pregnant14.
These include milk, yoghurt, cottage cheese, etc. According to some studies, higher consumption of these low-fat dairy products may contribute to anovulation1,15 because the fat-removal process can increase levels of a hormone-like protein called IGF-1, which may be linked to possible negative effects on ovulation15. However, a moderate consumption is considered safe.
These include coffee, tea, soft drinks, etc. While moderate consumption may have no impact on fertility, some studies suggest that when consumed in excess amounts, they might delay the chances of conception or increase risk of still birth, low birth weight etc1. In general, a caffeine intake of less than 200 mg (2-3 cups) per day is considered safe10.
These female fertility foods to avoid can help reduced infertility and support reproductive health.
Following are some tips that you may consider while on a pregnancy preparation diet.
Here are some lifestyle habits that you may follow to support fertility.
If you are trying to conceive and making healthy diet and lifestyle changes but still facing difficulties, it might be better to seek medical attention.
Fertility is closely linked to overall health and nutrition. A balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, combined with healthy lifestyle habits, may support hormonal balance, improve ovulation, and enhance reproductive health. On the other hand, unhealthy foods and habits can negatively affect fertility. By making mindful dietary choices and seeking medical guidance when needed, you can take positive steps towards improving your chances of conception and a healthy pregnancy.
Consuming full fat milk or smoothies rich in fertility boosting foods such as green veggies, berries etc may help improve fertility. Some initial studies suggest that beetroot, watermelon and ginger juice might be helpful too20. However, further research is needed here and best is to seek guidance from a doctor if you are planning to conceive.
Berries are known to be the best fruits for female fertility as they are rich in antioxidants which help support reproductive health1,3.
You may eat foods like leafy greens, nuts, berries, eggs, whole grains, fatty fishes, etc.; these are known to improve reproductive health and support fertility1,3.
An Indian fertility-friendly diet can include nutritious whole foods such as leafy greens (like palak and spinach), lentils and beans for iron, antioxidant-rich foods, and healthy fats from ghee21, nuts, and seeds, which might support hormone balance and reproductive health.
According to different cultures, pomegranate is known as the fertility fruit22. However, this is not a medical fact.
1. Skoracka K, Ratajczak AE, Rychter AM, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Female Fertility and the Nutritional Approach: The Most Essential Aspects. Advances in Nutrition. 2021;12(6):2372-2386. doi:10.1093/advances/nmab068. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831322005129
2. Infertility and Fertility. Available from: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/infertility
3. Cristodoro M, Zambella E, Fietta I, Inversetti A, Di Simone N. Dietary Patterns and Fertility. Biology. 2024;13(2):131. doi:10.3390/biology13020131. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38392349/
4. Ovulation and Fertility. 2022. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/ovulation
5. Silvestris E, Lovero D, Palmirotta R. Nutrition and Female Fertility: An Interdependent Correlation. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:346. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00346. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31231310/
6. Trop-Steinberg S, Gal M, Azar Y, Kilav-Levin R, Heifetz EM. Effect of omega-3 supplements or diets on fertility in women: A meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2024;10(8):e29324. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29324. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38628754/
7. Healthy Eating During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding. Available from: https://www.fhs.gov.hk/english//health_info/woman/20036.pdf
8. Kapper C, Oppelt P, Ganhör C, et al. Minerals and the Menstrual Cycle: Impacts on Ovulation and Endometrial Health. Nutrients. 2024;16(7):1008. doi:10.3390/nu16071008. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38613041/
9. Mathew AR, Selita E, Regano C, et al. Vitamin B12 and Reproductive Health: Clinical Insights, Emerging Mechanistic Understanding, and Nutritional Aspects. Molecular Reproduction Devel. 2026;93(2):e70088. doi:10.1002/mrd.70088. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41711259/
10. Aoun A, Khoury VE, Malakieh R. Can Nutrition Help in the Treatment of Infertility? Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2021;26(2):109-120. doi:10.3746/pnf.2021.26.2.109. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8276703/
11. Bertoldo A, Pizzol D, Yon DK, et al. Resveratrol and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review. IJMS. 2024;25(23):12792. doi:10.3390/ijms252312792. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39684501/
12. Łakoma K, Kukharuk O, Śliż D. The Influence of Metabolic Factors and Diet on Fertility. Nutrients. 2023;15(5):1180. doi:10.3390/nu15051180. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904180/
13. Dickerson EH, Sathyapalan T, Knight R, et al. Endocrine disruptor & nutritional effects of heavy metals in ovarian hyperstimulation. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2011;28(12):1223-1228. doi:10.1007/s10815-011-9652-3. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241832/
14. Methylmercury in Fish. 2025. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582836/
15. Salvaleda-Mateu M, Rodríguez-Varela C, Labarta E. Do Popular Diets Impact Fertility? Nutrients. 2024;16(11):1726. doi:10.3390/nu16111726. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38892663/
16. Stress. 2022. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/stress
17. Lateef OM, Akintubosun MO. Sleep and Reproductive Health. Journal of Circadian Rhythms. 2020;18(1):1. doi:10.5334/jcr.190. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32256630/
18. Trying to Conceive. 2025. Available from: https://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/trying-conceive
19. Infertility. 2021. Available from: https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility
20. Halpern G, Braga D, Setti A, Morishima C, Iaconelli Jr A, Borges Jr E. Beetroot, watermelon and ginger juice supplementation may increase the clinical outcomes of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection cycles. JBRA. 2023;27. doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20230012. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10712821/
21. Varsakiya J, Goyal M, Thakar A, Donga S, Kathad D. Efficacy of Virechana (therapeutic purgation) followed by Go-Ghrita (cow ghee) in the management of Ksheena Shukra (oligozoospermia): A clinical study. AYU. 2019;40(1):27. doi:10.4103/ayu.AYU_275_18. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6891991/
22. Langley P. Why a pomegranate? BMJ. 2000;321(7269):1153-1154. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7269.1153. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1118911/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Sunken eyes is a condition in which the eye socket looks sunken. It may occur due to enophthalmos, a condition in which the eyeball moves posteriorly, giving the appearance of a sunken eye1 or common causes like lack of sleep, dehydration2, ageing3, stress, poor nutrition, and sudden weight reduction. Sunken eyes may make a person look tired, dull, or older than their age and may impact their self-confidence.
Sunken eyes may also indicate underlying health conditions, such as sinus problems, chronic allergies, tumours, or injuries1. Therefore, understanding the causes of sunken eyes, their management options, and protective measures is important for better management.
Sunken eyes meaning is that the eyeballs appear to move backward into the eye socket more than normal. Eyes may also look sunken or hollow due to conditions like dehydration when the tissue surrounding the eyes loses elasticity. This may cause the upper eyelid area or the bone underneath the eyes to look more prominent.
Sunken eyes are commonly caused by loss of the fat around the eyes, a fracture of the eye socket, and tightening of the tissues around the eyes, which pulls the eyeball backward1. Let’s look at the causes of sunken eyes in detail.
Reasons for sunken eyes include the following:
Ageing can cause the fat around the eyelids to move deep into the eye socket, making the eyes look more sunken4. Loss of body fat, including facial fat, can also contribute to sunken eyes3.
An unhealthy lifestyle may lead to sunken eyes. Lifestyle factors associated with sunken eyes may include:
Sunken eye causes can sometimes include certain underlying conditions such as:
Symptoms you may observe along with sunken eyes include:
Sunken eyes may be diagnosed as follows:
Various approaches may be used to manage sunken eyes depending on their cause. Sunken eyes treatment methods include:
These include:
If you have any underlying conditions that have caused sunken eyes, managing them may help improve sunken eyes. Such conditions and potential management options include:
Certain home care tips may be helpful in managing sunken eyes and related symptoms, as follows:
Note: If your symptoms are not relieved or are worsening after using the sunken eyes remedy methods given above, consult a doctor immediately.
To avoid sunken eyes and related symptoms, you may:
Medical attention is recommended if sunken eyes occur along with any of the following:
Sunken eyes may often be seen as a harmless cosmetic concern, but they may sometimes reflect the need for lifestyle changes or treatment of underlying health issues. Poor sleep, dehydration, ageing, and nutritional deficiencies are some common causes of sunken eyes, while certain medical conditions may also contribute. Early attention to health habits and appropriate management may help improve your appearance and eye health. If sunken eyes develop suddenly or persist despite lifestyle changes, medical evaluation is recommended to rule out underlying problems.
Also Read: Burning Eyes: What Causes the Burning Sensation and How to Manage It
Sunken eyes are mainly known to indicate dehydration, nutrient deficiencies1, poor sleep or ageing3, however, sometimes they may also be caused by underlying health conditions1,8,9,15.
You may manage sunken eyes and their associated symptoms by staying hydrated, consuming nutritious food1, improving sleep patterns5, maintaining a healthy body weight1, trying out home management tips16, or managing underlying health conditions. However, severe cases may require immediate medical attention.
You may have sunken eyes if you have any of the following:
Dehydration
Nutrient deficiencies
Sudden weight reduction1
Ageing3
Lack of sleep
Underlying health conditions1
You may be able to manage sunken eyes by making lifestyle modifications and managing underlying health conditions that cause sunken eyes. You may also check yourself for any underlying health conditions that need to be managed1.
Nutrient deficiencies associated with severe malnutrition (e.g., protein deficiency), anaemia (e.g., B12 deficiency), damage to collagen (e.g., vitamin C deficiency), and dehydration (e.g., potassium or magnesium deficiency) may lead to sunken eyes.
1. Shah SS, Patel BC. Herpetic whitlow. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Dec 13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563300/
2. Hoxha T, Xhelili L, Azemi M, et al. Performance of Clinical Signs in the Diagnosis of Dehydration in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Med Arh. 2015;69(1):10. doi:10.5455/medarh.2015.69.10-12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25870468/
3. Athanasiov PA, Prabhakaran VC, Selva D. Non‐traumatic enophthalmos: a review. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2008;86(4):356-364. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01152.x. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18462475/
4. Aging Changes in the Face. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004004.htm
5. Sundelin T, Lekander M, Kecklund G, Van Someren EJW, Olsson A, Axelsson J. Cues of Fatigue: Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Facial Appearance. Sleep. 2013;36(9):1355-1360. doi:10.5665/sleep.2964. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3738045/
6. Bobok N, Taskesen T. Stress-Induced Changes of the Skin: A Narrative Review. Cureus. Published online November 7, 2025. doi:10.7759/cureus.96285. Available from: https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/429743/20251207-371204-2imigj.pdf
7. National Health Service (NHS). Dehydration [Internet]. NHS; 2022 Nov 14. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dehydration/
8. Hwang TN, Rofagha S, McDermott MW, Hoyt WF, Horton JC, McCulley TJ. Sunken Eyes, Sagging Brain Syndrome: Bilateral Enophthalmos from Chronic Intracranial Hypotension. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(11):2286-2295. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.04.031. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788080/
9. Symptoms and Causes of Chronic Diarrhoea in Children. 2017. Availabe from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/chronic-diarrhea-children/symptoms-causes
10. Joo SP, Kim SH, Park HJ, Jung S, Han JJ, Kim TS. Sunken Eye Induced by Superior Orbital Wall Defect After Craniofacial Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2016;27(7):1789-1791. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000002956. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27483101/
11. Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, Garcia JK, Silberberg MB. The Facial Aging Process From the “Inside Out.” Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2021;41(10):1107-1119. doi:10.1093/asj/sjaa339. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8438644/
12. Vrcek I, Ozgur O, Nakra T. Infraorbital dark circles: A review of the pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2016;9(2):65. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.184046. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27398005/
13. Park KY, Kwon HJ, Youn CS, Seo SJ, Kim MN. Treatments of Infra-Orbital Dark Circles by Various Etiologies. Ann Dermatol. 2018;30(5):522. doi:10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.522. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33911473/
14. Sinusitis. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000647.htm
15. Massey TH, Robertson NP. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: features, diagnosis and management. J Neurol. 2021;268(4):1555-1557. doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10500-1. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-021-10500-1
16. Joshi M, Perera PS, Korrapati NH. Effective Home Remedies that Provide Quick Relief for Puffy Eyes. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies. 2021;28:43-51. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354871368_Effective_Home_Remedies_that_Provide_Quick_Relief_for_Puffy_Eyes
17. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple D. Aloe vera: A short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.44785. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2763764/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Eyes are among the most important sense organs, which are necessary for learning, working, and connecting with the world. Good eye health is not only important for vision but also for overall quality of life. However, in today’s digital age, our eyes face more strain than ever before.
The increased use of smartphones, laptops, and tablets has led to longer screen time for people of all ages. This may cause digital eye strain, dry eyes, headaches, blurred vision, and difficulty focusing1. Over time, recurrent strain and unhealthy habits may also increase the risk of vision problems and age-related eye conditions.
Along with regular eye check-ups and healthy screen habits, proper nutrition also plays a significant role in keeping eye health. Nutrients such as certain vitamins and antioxidants are essential for protecting eyes from damage, improving retinal function, reducing inflammation and keeping the eyes properly moisturised2. A balanced diet rich in these might help reduce the risk of common eye problems and support long-term vision health.
So, in this article we will discuss the importance of nutrients in maintaining eye health. We will learn about which vitamins are good for eyes and foods that can naturally support eye health, and understand some common eye conditions that may occur due to lack of these nutrients.
Proper nutrition is very important for eye health because each part of the eye demands different nutrients to work properly. The following says how vitamins support the different eye parts.
Therefore, proper nutrition plays an important role in the functioning of the eye and is crucial for maintaining long-term healthy vision.
Vitamin deficiencies can harm eye health, as vitamin A deficiency may cause night blindness, lack of vitamins A, C, and D may lead to dry eye syndrome, low dietary antioxidants may increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), etc2,3,7. We will discuss more on these in the coming sections.
Eyes require essential vitamins and nutrients to function properly. The following describes why essential nutrients and vitamins for eye health are important.
Besides vitamins, there are certain other nutrients which are known to be beneficial for eye health; these include omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin), zinc, selenium, etc. These nutrients are known to protect the eye from oxidative damage, reduce inflammation, maintain retinal health, and aid in vision2,9.
There are several foods that can be included in the diet to support vision and improve eye health. Following are some food sources which might contain vitamins needed for eyes to support vision and overall eye health.
Carrots are known to be rich in vitamin A and carotenoids. Therefore, they might be helpful in promoting good vision, especially during the night3. They are also a fair source of B vitamins10. Hence, they might also support proper optic nerve functioning and maintain overall eye health8.
These include spinach, collard, turnip, kale, etc. They are known to be rich in vitamins like A, C, E and K11. Therefore, they might support eyesight by improving the production of eye pigments2, improve collagen production and maintain eye structure4, and reduce the occurrence of ARED8.
These include salmon, sardine, mackerel, trout, etc. They are known to be a good source of vitamins D and B29. Therefore, they might support the vision by improving retinal health and reducing the occurrence of dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy and possibly, cataracts8. In addition, they are also a great source of omega-3 fatty acids.
These include oranges, tangerines, grapes, lemons, etc. They are said to have high vitamin C content. Therefore, they might help in tissue repair and reduce the occurrence of ARMD and cataract12.
Eggs are a good source of vitamins A, B12, D and E3,5,13. Therefore, they can support night vision by maintaining a healthy retina, nourish the eyes, improve optic nerve function, and reduce the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and other ARED3,8.
These include almonds, peanuts, sunflower seeds, etc. They are known to be rich in vitamin E2,8,14. Therefore, they can help support retinal function, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and manage ARED2. They also contain omega 3 fatty acids, which are known to be beneficial for the eye health.
Now that we know which vitamin is good for eyes, let us see what eye conditions can occur due to the deficiencies of these vitamins.
Eyes can bring about several signs regarding the nutritional deficiencies. The following are some eye signs related to nutritional deficiencies.
Night blindness causes difficulty in seeing at night or in dim light, leading to difficulty in driving at night, adjusting to darkness, or walking through a dimply lit area. This condition usually occurs when there is a deficiency in vitamin A3.
Persistent dryness and itching are signs of nutritional deficiency. This may be due to vitamin A deficiency which causes the cornea of the eye to get dry due to lack of moisture and hydration3. Also, vitamin C and D deficiencies can cause dry eyes7, contributing to itching and irritated eyes. Other nutrients like omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may also disrupt the oily layer in tears causing dry eye.
Feeling tiredness of eyes, heaviness around the eyelids, or discomfort after reading or using digital screens may be a sign of severe vitamin deficiencies, like vitamin B1, which can also contribute to a condition called Wernicke’s encephalopathy7.
Blurred vision which is not related to eyesight issues may sometimes be due to nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin A. If not treated, it can even lead to blindness, especially in children3.
Light sensitivity is related to deficiency of antioxidants2. This can cause the eyes to become more sensitive and uncomfortable in bright conditions.
Recurrent eye infections or minor eye irritations taking time to heal may be associated with nutritional deficiencies like vitamin C, which is important for tissue repair and immune function13. Severe deficiency may cause repeated eye problems.
Note: Ageing naturally causes the eyes to become weak and lose some protection against damage. Unhealthy habits like too much screen time, poor diet, smoking, lack of sleep, and excess sun exposure might also worsen these conditions. Eating a balanced diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle might reduce the eye damage and support long-term vision.
Proper eye nutrition is essential at every stage of life, but certain age groups require extra attention due to higher risks of vision-related changes and disorders. These include:
Research supports the idea that eye health supplements can be helpful, but primarily for conditions like AMD. The evidence shows an ageage-related eye disease study (AREDS) formula, which is a combination of vitamins A and E, beta-carotene and zinc, may reduce the risk of advanced AMD. There is limited evidence supporting the use of omega-3 supplements for dry eye disease; further research is needed to reach a conclusion. The studies don’t provide any evidence for antioxidant supplementation for conditions like cataracts and glaucoma19.
Eye supplements may be helpful for:
Eye supplements may be taken once daily along with a meal or snack.
Note: Supplements should ideally be taken only after medical advice and as suggested by your doctor, as excessive intake of certain vitamins may be harmful.
Here is a comparison between the food and supplementation:
| Aspects | Food | Supplements |
| Nutrient source | Natural, whole nutrients | Concentrated, isolated nutrients |
| Absorption | Better absorption and utilisation by body | May be less absorbed when compared with food |
| Safety | Low risk of overdose | Overconsumption might raise safety concerns |
| Additional benefits | Provides other nutrients like antioxidants, phytochemicals, etc | Provides only specific nutrients |
Therefore, vitamins from food might be more beneficial when compared to supplements, as they provide other nutrients along with them. However, in conditions where the food alone may not fulfil the requirements or in individuals with dietary restrictions, supplementation might be needed. Under such circumstances, it should be taken only under the guidance of a doctor.
The recognisable changes in your body should not be ignored, as they may be signs of severe nutritional deficiencies. Consult a doctor for the following:
Consult a healthcare professional if you are considering supplementation20 and fall in the high-risk categories mentioned below:
Every consultation might help reduce complications and protect long-term vision health.
Also Read: What Is Eye Strain and How Can You Reduce It in the Digital Age
Good eye health depends on balanced nutrition, healthy habits, and regular eye check-ups. Vitamins like A, C, E, D and B-complex help different parts of the eye function properly. Eating nutrient-rich foods might be the most cost-effective way to protect your eyes. Supplements may help in certain cases, but they should be taken only with a doctor’s advice. Starting healthy eating from an early age might help maintain good vision throughout life.
The best way by which you may improve your eye health is by following a balanced diet comprised of all essential vitamins and other important nutrients. These might keep your eyes healthy and reduce the occurrence of eye diseases or discomforts2.
Blurred vision may be a result of vitamin A or B deficiency3,8. Consuming foods rich in these vitamins might reduce blurred vision. Blurred vision may be a result of vitamin A or B deficiency3,8. Consuming foods rich in these vitamins might reduce blurred vision.
Poor eyesight may be managed by a healthy lifestyle, like following a balanced diet, quitting smoking, managing screen time, staying hydrated and managing the underlying health conditions.
For maintaining a healthy vision, you may choose juices made from citrus fruits or carrots, which might boost your eye health and provide healthy eyesight3,12.
Drinking water can affect axial length and pressure inside the eyeball22. It might be helpful in maintaining and protecting eye health by improving the tear film which reduces dry eye occurrence. This in turn might improve the eyesight. However, it might not change the innate eyesight.
Weak eyesight due to poor nutrition or lifestyle habits may be recovered. However, if it is due to conditions like myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism, it cannot be reversed naturally.
1. Computer Vision Syndrome. doi:https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/computer-vision-syndrome
2. Johnson, Rasmussen H. Nutrients for the aging eye. CIA. Published online June 2013:741. doi:10.2147/CIA.S45399. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23818772/
3. Alba-Campomanes AG de, Turbert D. What is Vitamin A Deficiency? 2024. doi:https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/vitamin-deficiency
4. Cho YW, Yoo WS, Kim SJ, Chung IY, Seo SW, Yoo JM. Efficacy of Systemic Vitamin C Supplementation in Reducing Corneal Opacity Resulting from Infectious Keratitis. Medicine. 2014;93(23):e125. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000125. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415664/
5. Roda M, Di Geronimo N, Pellegrini M, Schiavi C. Nutritional Optic Neuropathies: State of the Art and Emerging Evidences. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2653. doi:10.3390/nu12092653. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32878163/
6. Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: Beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2011;51(5):1000-1013. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.017. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21664268/
7. Serhan HA, Alma’aitah HW, Irshaidat S, Ameer MA, Asghar MS, Tahir MJ. Ophthalmic manifestations of nutritional deficiencies: A mini review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2022;11(10):5899-5901. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_790_22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36618247/
8. Pereira A, Adekunle RD, Zaman M, Wan MJ. Association Between Vitamin Deficiencies and Ophthalmological Conditions. OPTH. 2023;Volume 17:2045-2062. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S401262. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37489231/
9. Health Benefits of Fish. doi: https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/food/fish/health-benefits
10. Carrots. Doi: https://www.hss.gov.nt.ca/en/services/nutritional-food-fact-sheet-series/carrots
11. Dark Green Vegetables. 2023. Doi: https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/gfnd/gfhnrc/docs/news-articles/2013/dark-green-leafy-vegetables/
12. Vimont C. 36 Fabulous Foods to Boost Eye Health. 2024. Doi: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/fabulous-foods-your-eyes
13. Vitamins and Minerals. 2024. Doi: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/Vitamins-and-minerals
14. Nutrition and Eye Health. Doi :https://cms.illinois.gov/benefits/stateemployee/bewell/foodforthought/august24-nutrition-and-eye-health.html
15. Ahsan M, Nizami DJ. Metformin-induced eyelid myokymia. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2024;56(5):358-360. doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_284_24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39687960/
16. Umfress AC, Brantley MA. Eye Care Disparities and Health-Related Consequences in Elderly Patients with Age-Related Eye Disease. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2016;31(4):432-438. doi:10.3109/08820538.2016.1154171. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4990069/
17. Adult Vision: 41 to 60 Years of Age. doi: https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-health-for-life/adult-vision-41-to-60-years-of-age
18. Benefits of Healthy Eating for Children. 2024. Doi: https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/php/resources/healthy-eating-benefits-for-children.html
19. Dietary Supplements for Eye Conditions: What the Science Says. 2024. Doi: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/dietary-supplements-for-eye-conditions-science
20. Raiji VR. Vitamins for AMD. American Academy of Ophthalmology 2025. Doi: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/vitamins-amd
21. Niklewicz A, Smith AD, Smith A, et al. The importance of vitamin B12 for individuals choosing plant-based diets. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62(3):1551-1559. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-03025-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36469110/
22. Akkara JD, Kuriakose A. Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9240575/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
