Antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections have saved millions of lives over the centuries. However, their action is usually not selective and in the process of killing harmful bacteria, they also affect some healthy flora crucial for your gut. By disrupting the balance of gut microbiota, antibiotics can also cause reflux of food and acid into the oesophagus causing symptoms such as heartburn.
In this blog, we’ll discuss how antibiotics can affect your gut and cause acid reflux. With this, you can learn how to keep a balanced gut flora after antibiotic treatment and fix acidity issues.
The gut, particularly the intestines contain several microorganisms, including bacteria (both good and bad) that help in the digestion process.
Antibiotics that are used to treat bacterial infections in the body, unfortunately, cannot differentiate between the good and bad bacteria present in the gut and produce negative results such as1:
The microbial population of an infant’s gut has a significant impact on the child’s overall health. Decreased gut microbiome diversity can be associated with an increased risk of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Antibiotic treatment in infants has been found to reduce both the number as well as species of gut bacteria. Gut microbiota may take weeks to months to recover, and in some cases, certain species may not fully return without intervention2.
Rebuilding gut bacteria is crucial to minimise the negative effects of using antibiotics. You can speed up the process of healing the gut with antibiotics in several ways:
Prebiotics are the nutrients in certain food items that act as a “food source” for gut microbes. They induce the growth or activity of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, thereby improving gut health. Examples include carbohydrates such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides3.
Probiotics contain live bacteria and yeasts that are vital for gut health. Depending on the type of microbial strain utilized, probiotics can have variable beneficial properties4. You should take them as suggested by your doctor as the ideal dose depends on the specific condition being treated (e.g., vs. IBS).
Fermented foods are naturally rich in probiotics. They are an excellent approach to proper gut health post-antibiotic use. Ideally, fermented foods such as yoghurt, kimchi, kefir, sauerkraut, should be a part of a regular diet5.
Fruits and veggies are naturally rich in prebiotics (also important for gut microbiome). Bananas, sweet potatoes, and other tubers are fresh and readily available sources of prebiotics.
Exercise is not only important for helping you to stay in shape but is also crucial in improving the condition of your gut wall. It promotes the growth of bacteria and enriches the diversity of the microbiome. It protects your system from colon cancer and gastrointestinal disorders6.
Stress releases certain hormones in your body that in turn have an impact on the nature of your microbiome damaging the diversity. Gut-brain axis is bi-directional and the altered gut microbiome can affect regulation of certain neurotransmitters thus intensifying the stress7.
Antibiotics kill good bacteria in gut, this is linked to development of obesity, asthma and irritable bowel syndrome. Hence antibiotics must be cautiously and only used when absolutely necessary.
Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol, proper diet and regular exercise can help deal with symptoms of heartburn. However, if these are persistent, some medications may be prescribed by doctors to help relieve acid reflux. These include:
Persistent heartburn (>2 days/week) may indicate GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). Always consult your doctor if you have persistent digestive symptoms after antibiotic treatment as they will recommend the right medication and dosage based on your health condition.
It has been found that most gut bacteria will resume levels prior to that of taking the antibiotics course in about two months. However, one should make a note the full diversity and original composition may not completely return9.
Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of gut flora, potentially leading to acidity issues or other digestive discomforts. It’s important to restore the gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment. This can be achieved through dietary changes, such as consuming prebiotic and probiotic-rich foods or supplements, and lifestyle modification, such as regular exercise and stress management. If you experience persistent or severe digestive issues after taking antibiotics, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for guidance and appropriate treatment.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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The term ‘heartburn’ is misleading as it has nothing to do with the heart. However, because the burning sensation often occurs in the chest and can mimic the symptoms of a heart attack, the condition earned its name.
When there is a reflux of acids from the stomach into the oesophagus (the tube that joins the throat and the stomach), the resulting sensation is known as heartburn. The pain starts from under the breastbone or in the chest and may often even reach the jaw. It usually gets worse during the evenings, when bending over or lying down. Apart from the pain, other symptoms include a bitter taste in the mouth that may feel acidic and foul1,2.
There could be many reasons why heartburn occurs. Sometimes, heartburn occurs because the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular valve between the oesophagus and the stomach, doesn’t function properly.
In normal cases, it opens up to let in food or to let out burps. Sometimes, it may open more frequently than necessary or not close properly, allowing the stomach acids to flow into the oesophagus. These acids cause the burning sensation that we associate with heartburn3. The common causes of heartburn is as follows4,5:
Symptoms of heartburn include:
Heartburn could last from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the person’s body chemistry. It is very common in pregnant women.
When heartburn happens occasionally, it is nothing to worry about. Most individuals who have heartburn can improve the situation with lifestyle changes and through over-the-counter medications. But when it is a recurring problem, it may interfere with your day-to-day functioning and could be a cause of worry. Recurrent heartburn is known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). This can lead to more problems like5:
Heartburn is sometimes known to worsen asthma in asthmatic patients, if you experience this condition, it is advisable to consult your Pulmonologist or a Physician
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
GERD and heartburn are more connected than you may think. If you experience frequent episodes of heartburn, you may have Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). In that case, you may benefit by using heartburn home remedies to help with the uneasiness. Sometimes it can happen that heartburn is not a prominent symptom, but the sustained cough is. To test for GERD, the upper endoscopy is used for a complete understanding of the symptoms.
Other tests which can be used to detect the disease include the 24-hour pH test (assesses oesophageal pH), MII-pH test (to detect non-acid reflux), and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) trial. In the PPIs trial test, the doctor will give you medication that is given to patients who have the disease. If your symptoms start to subside, then it would mean you have GERD4.
Another common test that no longer is recommended by physicians is the Barium swallow5.
Seek an appointment with your doctor if:
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies For Indigestion
The following tips can be considered with the guidance of a doctor to help manage heartburn3:
It is rare that there might be a situation where your stomach pushes up through your diaphragm, causing a condition called hiatal hernia. This condition may present with symptoms mimicking heartburn. Ensure to follow-up with a Gastroenterologist if you have persisting heartburn.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Individuals who have heartburn but have no other serious complications with it, may find it beneficial to consider the following lifestyle changes:
Also Read: The Best Home Remedies For Hernia
Heartburn can be caused by many factors. Consult a doctor to find the underlying cause of your heartburn in order to begin treatment. Although lifestyle changes usually bring relief in most cases, it is important to seek a doctor’s advice immediately if you don’t see any benefit3.
Also Read: Causes and Home Remedies for Shortness of Breath
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Indigestion, or an upset stomach, has become increasingly common in recent times. Many individuals experience occasional digestive discomfort, often linked to modern lifestyle changes. A major contributing factor has been the reduction in physical activity, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted daily routines and encouraged more sedentary work habits. These shifts in lifestyle can negatively impact digestion, leading to more frequent episodes of stomach discomfort.
In medical terms, an upset stomach is also called dyspepsia. It is characterised by discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen and is not a disease itself, but rather a collection of symptoms such as bloating, nausea, early satiety, and abdominal fullness. Dyspepsia can occur on its own or may be a symptom of an underlying gastrointestinal condition, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)1.
Common causes of an upset stomach (dyspepsia):
There are different types of treatments available based on the underlying cause. Lifestyle changes may help ease indigestion and help relieve stomach pain. These include, avoiding spicy food or reducing the use of alcohol. If indigestion persists even after lifestyle modifications are followed, the doctor may prescribe medications.
It is important to observe whether your stomach discomfort is related to factors such as food intake, medications, menstrual cycles (in the case of females), or bowel movements. Take note of whether the symptoms are continuous or occur intermittently. If the pain persists for more than three days, or if it is particularly severe and accompanied by vomiting, it is advisable to consult a qualified medical professional.
Dr Ashish Bajaj , M.B.B.S M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Water plays a vital role in maintaining digestive health, especially during episodes of an upset stomach. The body requires adequate hydration to absorb essential nutrients and eliminate toxins effectively. Dehydration, often caused by vomiting or diarrhoea, can worsen stomach discomfort. Additionally, reduced water intake may lead to increased stomach acidity, resulting in burning sensations or irritation3.
Drinking adequate water helps dilute excess stomach acid, providing relief from burning and discomfort. It serves as a simple and effective home remedy for managing mild stomach aches, especially those caused by indigestion or acidity.
Lemon water can be a helpful remedy for mild indigestion and abdominal discomfort. Although lemon is acidic in nature, it produces an alkalising effect in the body after digestion, which may help neutralise excess stomach acid. This makes it a simple and commonly used home remedy for acidity-related stomach discomfort4.
Lemon water mixed with a small pinch of baking soda is a simple home remedy often used for the reduction of indigestion and gas. This mixture can create a mild neutralising reaction in the stomach, producing carbon dioxide and helping relieve bloating temporarily. However, while some individuals may find it soothing, it may not be suitable for those with hyperacidity or sensitive digestion. It should be used occasionally and not as a long-term solution5.
Mint leaves contain menthol, which is known to help soothe the digestive tract and may provide relief from mild indigestion. It can also reduce intestinal muscle spasms and abdominal discomfort. Traditionally, mint has been used in many Asian cultures as a home remedy for digestive issues.
Mint can be consumed in various forms, either raw, as a garnish in meals, or brewed into herbal tea, often combined with ingredients like cardamom for added digestive benefits6.
Ginger has been used since ancient times for managing colds, coughs, nausea, vomiting, and various types of pain. It contains active compounds such as gingerols and shogaols, which may support digestion7 by enhancing gastric motility and reducing abdominal discomfort8. This makes ginger a helpful natural remedy for stomach-related issues7.
Ginger has been used since ancient times for managing colds, coughs, nausea, vomiting, and various types of pain. It contains active compounds such as gingerols and shogaols, which may support digestion by enhancing gastric motility and reducing abdominal discomfort. This makes ginger a helpful natural remedy for stomach-related issues.
Fresh ginger root can be peeled, chopped, and used in food or brewed into teas. It may also be consumed in small amounts as chews, depending on individual tolerance to its strong aroma and taste.
Cinnamon sticks contain antioxidants such as cinnamaldehyde, camphor, linalool, and eugenol, which are known for their digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help ease symptoms of indigestion, including bloating, nausea, and a feeling of abdominal fullness.
For mild digestive discomfort, individuals may add about 1 teaspoon of cinnamon powder or a small stick while cooking meals or steep it in warm water to prepare a soothing herbal tea. However, those with sensitive stomachs or on medication should consult a healthcare provider before regular use9.
Cumin seeds are known for their carminative properties and can help alleviate symptoms of upset stomach such as hyperacidity, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. They may provide relatively quick relief by aiding digestion and reducing gas.
A traditional home remedy involves mixing about one teaspoon of cumin seeds with some dry coconut and two garlic cloves. Consuming this mixture may help reduce stomach discomfort. However, individuals should try this in small amounts first, as the combination can be strong and may not suit everyone10.
Take a tsp of cumin seeds, some dry coconut, and two garlic cloves. Mix them and consume them at once. It will help to reduce the uncomfortable feeling in the stomach instantly.
Banana contains various vitamins, folate, and potassium. It may help to reduce the acids in your stomach and give you a soothing relief from stomach ulcers11. Bananas can also help by adding bulk to loose stools, which can help alleviate diarrhoea12.
While many symptoms of an upset stomach can be managed at home, it is essential to identify the underlying cause and severity. These factors will determine whether home remedies are sufficient or if you should consult a doctor. For mild symptoms, increasing fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet and reducing alcohol intake can support recovery.
Socioeconomic status and environmental hygiene are key factors in the transmission of H. pylori infection worldwide. These include family hygiene practices, household crowding, and cooking habits. Infection acquired in childhood is considered the primary cause of H. pylori-associated gastritis within communities.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS MD(Pediatrics)
Also Read: Dysentery: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, And Home Remedies
If you are experiencing persistent stomach pain that does not improve despite the use of common home remedies, and the discomfort continues for several days, it is advisable to seek medical attention. This may indicate an underlying condition that requires professional evaluation and care.
Sudden and severe stomach aches can be a sign of serious health issues that may worsen without prompt medical attention. You should see your doctor right away, especially if the pain is localised to one area. Some common causes of stomach-ache include:
Also Read: Best Home Remedies For Lipoma
Stomach discomfort is common and often manageable with lifestyle changes and simple home remedies. However, persistent or severe symptoms should not be ignored. Seeking timely medical advice is essential to rule out any underlying health conditions.
Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Dengue
An upset stomach, also known as dyspepsia or indigestion, can be caused by various factors. Common causes include overeating, consuming fatty or spicy foods, eating too quickly, bacterial or viral infections, stress, anxiety and certain medications.
Symptoms of an upset stomach may include abdominal discomfort or pain, bloating, gas, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, belching and a feeling of fullness. Diarrhoea or constipation can also accompany an upset stomach.
To prevent an upset stomach after eating, it is essential to eat smaller, more frequent meals, and avoid overeating. Chew food thoroughly and eat at a relaxed pace. Limit intake of spicy, greasy, or acidic foods and avoid consuming large amounts of caffeine or alcohol.
Over-the-counter antacids can provide temporary relief from heartburn or indigestion associated with an upset stomach. However, prolonged or excessive use of antacids may lead to side effects or can mask underlying issues. Consulting a healthcare professional is advisable if symptoms persist.
Yes, stress and anxiety can trigger symptoms of an upset stomach. Stress activates the body’s “fight or flight” response, which can affect digestion and lead to discomfort or indigestion. Practicing relaxation techniques and managing stress can be beneficial.
Also Read: Home Remedies for Dark Underarms
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Dyspnoea, commonly referred as shortness of breath or the sensation of suffocation, is a distressing clinical symptom that may arise from various underlying causes. While often associated with respiratory conditions, it can also be triggered or worsened by psychological factors such as acute anxiety or panic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened public awareness of dyspnoea due to its potential association with viral respiratory infections. Although not all cases of dyspnoea are indicative of COVID-19 or other infectious diseases, the presence of such symptoms warrants careful evaluation and appropriate medical attention.
Some people may experience shortness of breath as an acute episode, that is, for a short period. While, others may feel it over the long term as a chronic issue which lasts for several weeks or more. Dyspnoea may occur even after climbing a few sets of stairs or along with common illnesses like a cold1.
Dyspnoea can be caused by a wide spectrum of medical conditions, environmental exposures, and physiological factors, which include2:
In cases where dyspnoea is mild and not indicative of an acute or life-threatening condition, certain supportive measures may be done at home to alleviate symptoms.
Leaning forward while sitting may help reduce the effort for breathing and relax the body. This position releases pressure over the lungs and heart3.
When experiencing breathlessness, try sitting on a chair with your feet flat on the floor and lean your chest slightly forward. Ensure to keep your shoulder and neck muscles relaxed, as this can help reduce respiratory strain and promote more effective breathing.
Breathing deeply by using your abdominal muscles may help to manage breathlessness. Lie on your back on a flat surface and place your hands on your abdomen. Inhale deeply through your nose, letting your abdomen rise as your lungs expand with air. Hold the breath briefly, then exhale slowly. You may also find diaphragmatic (belly) breathing helpful as part of this exercise4.
This is one of the simplest breathing exercises, and it can help to slow your breathing rate effectively. It may be particularly beneficial when shortness of breath is related to anxiety5.
Begin by relaxing the muscles in your neck and shoulders. Next, inhale slowly through your nose for a count of two, keeping your mouth closed. Purse your lips as if preparing to whistle, then exhale gently and slowly through your pursed lips for a count of four.
Many individuals may experience shortness of breath while lying flat during sleep. In such cases, you need to sleep in a propped position as it helps relax the body and airways6.
Sometimes breathlessness may be caused due to the accumulation of thick mucus in the airways which obstructs breathing. Steam inhalation may liquefy the thick mucus and help ease the breathlessness7.
Shortness of breath is a potentially serious clinical symptom and a person should always visit their physician at the earliest, as shortness of breath can be life-threatening; a timely intervention by a physician can avert severe morbidity or mortality.
Dr. Nikhil Yadav , MBBS MD CCEBDM
Drinking black coffee may reduce breathlessness due to the presence of caffeine in it. Caffeine works as a relaxant to the airway muscles. A study8 result suggests that caffeine may slightly improve breathlessness in individuals with asthma.
Ginger has anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce lung inflammation. Drinking warm ginger tea or ginger-infused water may provide a soothing effect and support breathing9.
Turmeric has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that may help with infections. Turmeric milk has traditionally been consumed during episodes of respiratory discomfort since childhood in many households. Turmeric contains curcumin, its active component, which has properties that may help reduce allergic responses and inhibit the release of histamine. These effects may contribute to easing symptoms such as breathlessness.
According to a study10, curcumin may reduce the intensity of an asthmatic attack and its episodes in an asthmatic patient.
Onions are a natural source of quercetin, a plant-derived compound known for its antihistamine and anti-inflammatory properties. Quercetin may help reduce the release of substances involved in allergic responses, potentially supporting respiratory comfort. Onions also contain sulphur compounds, which have been traditionally associated with general respiratory health11.
As part of traditional home practices, some individuals choose to consume a mixture of grated onion and honey, while others place a cut onion by the bedside, believing it may help create a more comfortable breathing environment. These practices should be regarded as supportive and not as a substitute for medical treatment.
Omega-3 fatty acid foods such as fish (salmon and tuna) may help with breathlessness as they help prevent inflammatory conditions that could cause shortness of breath12.
Shortness of breath can result from conditions affecting the lungs or heart and it is critical not to ignore this symptom. Seeking a physician’s advice for clinical examination is necessary to determine the underlying cause of the problem, as treatment options will depend entirely on the diagnosis.
Dr. Arpit Verma , MBBS MD (Pharmacology)
Also Read: H1N1 (Swine Flu): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
To reduce the risk of experiencing shortness of breath, it is advisable to adopt certain lifestyle changes proactively. These steps may help maintain overall respiratory health and prevent future difficulties1,6:
Also Read: Simple Tips You Can Follow for Heartburn Relief!
There are several reasons that may cause shortness of breath and it is advised to visit a doctor whenever you experience the following symptoms1,6:
Also Read: Pneumococcal Vaccine: Types, Side Effects, and Who Needs It
Shortness of breath can be caused by various factors, including, respiratory infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart conditions, anaemia, obesity, and anxiety. It’s essential to identify the underlying cause through medical evaluation to determine the appropriate treatment.
Shortness of breath may be considered a medical emergency if it occurs suddenly, is severe, and is accompanied by other symptoms such as chest pain, confusion, bluish discoloration of the lips or nails, or difficulty speaking. These signs may indicate a serious condition, such as a heart attack or pulmonary embolism, requiring immediate medical attention.
Diagnosing the cause of shortness of breath requires a thorough medical evaluation, which may include a physical examination, review of medical history, chest X-rays, pulmonary function tests, electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), blood tests, and additional specialised tests depending on the suspected underlying cause.
Yes, anxiety or panic attacks may cause shortness of breath. During an anxiety episode, individuals may hyperventilate, resulting in a feeling of breathlessness. Learning stress-reducing techniques and seeking professional help can manage anxiety-related breathing difficulties.
Home remedies for shortness of breath include deep breathing exercises, maintaining good posture, avoiding triggers like allergens and irritants, using a humidifier, staying well-hydrated, and avoiding smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke. However, it is advised to seek medical attention if shortness of breath persists or worsens.
Yes, medications may cause shortness of breath as a side effect. For instance, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and some pain medications may cause breathing difficulties in some individuals. If experiencing any new symptoms after starting a medication, consult a healthcare professional promptly.
Yes, anaemia, a condition characterized by low red blood cell count or low haemoglobin levels, can lead to reduced oxygen carrying capacity in the blood, causing shortness of breath and fatigue. Anaemia should be evaluated and treated by a healthcare professional.
Yes, obesity can contribute to shortness of breath. Excess weight puts pressure on the lungs and diaphragm, making breathing more challenging. Losing weight through a combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise can help improve breathing in obese individuals.
If you experience unexplained or persistent shortness of breath, especially if it affects daily activities, seek medical attention promptly. Additionally, if shortness of breath is accompanied by chest pain, coughing up blood, or any other concerning symptoms, seek immediate medical help as it could indicate a serious medical condition.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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A cough is our body’s response in defence against irritating or obstructing substances. It helps to keep the airways clear, so we can breathe easily. It is called a dry or unproductive cough when the cough doesn’t produce any mucus or phlegm. Although coughing is a useful reflex, a persistent dry cough is one of the most annoying symptoms one can have. It not only irritates your throat but can also hamper your daily activity.
Although, coughing is usually due to non-threatening causes, a dry cough can also occur in infections like COVID-19. This makes it important for us to take extra care of our throat and respiratory system. In this blog, we will talk about some simple and effective home remedies that can help soothe a dry cough. We will also discuss about the causes of a dry cough and how it is different from wet cough. So, let’s dive in further!
A dry cough can be the result of various factors, and understanding dry cough causes is essential for effective management. The causes of dry cough are as follows1:
It is important to know the underlying cause for a persistent cough for appropriate treatment, yet people may use over-the-counter drugs to get instant relief. While you must stick to your doctor’s advice and not self-medicate, there are some simple remedies you may try at home to manage a dry cough.
If you’re wondering how to get rid of a dry cough, then these are quick and effective home remedies that you can try:
It is important for people with a cough or cold to stay warm and hydrated. A quick and effective dry cough remedy can be drinking hot beverages as these may help relieve your symptoms fast. Warm water, clear broths, herbal teas may soothe a dry cough by moistening the throat, easing irritation, and promoting relaxation. However, immediate relief varies from person to person.
Gargling with salt water is one of the most effective home remedies for managing a sore throat and cough. It reduces the inflammation of the throat and controls the bouts of cough2.
Mix half a teaspoon of salt into a cup of warm water until it dissolves completely. Now, let the mixture cool down a bit and then use it to gargle.
Ginger can easily be found in many teas and even some food items. It is the first home remedy that comes to our minds whenever we think about cough. Ginger contains compounds like gingerol, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which may help reduce inflammation in the airways and support the immune system. Its anti-inflammatory properties might help alleviate congestion and irritation in the respiratory tract. There is evidence that ginger may suppress the cough reflex by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways3.
For those trying to get rid of a dry cough, ginger tea is an excellent option. Adding honey to this tea can make it even more effective for a dry cough.
Raw honey is one of the oldest home remedies to manage cough. It helps to soothe your throat and reduce irritation. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties that may potentially fight minor bacterial or viral infections4.
You can add 2 teaspoons of honey to a glass full of warm water and drink it once daily. Also, you can use honey as a substitute for the sugar in your tea.
Turmeric is widely known for its antiseptic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory benefits. It can help your body recover from infections faster. Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation in the airways, potentially easing symptoms of cough and asthma. Turmeric is beneficial to treat upper respiratory conditions, bronchitis, and tonsillitis too5. However, it is not a primary treatment for these and should not replace prescribed medications.
You can make your regular tea and add half a teaspoon of turmeric into it, or else add it to warm milk with honey and have before sleeping.
Licorice root, commonly known as Mulethi, has been used since ages in the ayurvedic medicine system. It is known to reduce pain, clear phlegm, and ease cough. Licorice root tea may help to reduce throat irritation and congestion.6
It is commonly available in any grocery shop and can be chewed raw or added to a hot cup of tea.
Marshmallow root is another ancient herb that can be beneficial for treating a dry cough. Although more research is needed, some studies7 have suggested its effectiveness in soothing the throat and reducing the irritation caused by a dry cough.
Mint leaves although have a cooling effect can be beneficial for easing throat irritation. They contain a compound called menthol, which may help numb the throat nerves and consequently reduce dry cough. It also helps in clearing the congestion of the throat.
While most studies8 on menthol discuss about inhaling its vapour, you may also consume mint leaves. Just add 3-5 leaves to your tea and boil it for a few minutes before drinking. This can be a quick and effective home remedy for relieving dry cough.
Chilli peppers contain a compound called Capsaicin. This compound binds to pain receptors and causes the burning sensation we feel when we eat spicy food. Initial studies9 have shown that consuming a controlled amount of chili powder (which contains capsaicin) can help desensitize some of cough receptors and thereby control dry cough to some extent. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.
Aromatherapy or using essential oils for healing has several applications. It can be used to ease a dry cough as well. For this, you can add a few drops of eucalyptus oil to hot water and inhale its vapours, although other oils like tea tree and peppermint oil may also be used. Since existing research10 literature has proven the benefits of eucalyptus oil in the treatment of respiratory illnesses, this can be a great home remedy for dry cough.
Using humidifiers can also help ease coughing. Humidifiers keep the air moist, which helps soothe the throat and temporarily suppress the symptoms of dry cough. A study11 has relieved that humidifier can help soothe throat irritation and reduce coughing in people recovering from thyroid surgeries, where the throat may be more sensitive.
Thyme is a herb that has multiple health benefits. It may serve as a natural dry cough treatment as it contains an antispasmodic compound that helps to relax muscles. As a result, regular consumption of controlled amounts of thyme tea can greatly help to soothe the throat muscles and provide long-term relief from constant coughing.
A lot of these home remedies have been scientifically researched and have shown potential benefits for managing a dry cough; however, further large-scale human trials can help corroborate these findings.
While these may be effective for managing a persistent dry cough, it’s important to use them in moderation as they may have some side effects when used excessively. Also, if you have any medical conditions or are on any medications, it’s best to discuss with your healthcare provider before incorporating any home remedy including these in your routine diet.
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies For Dry Throat
Sometimes, the dry cough may be persistent and stubborn and home remedies may not be effective against it. A persistent cough may also be a symptom of serious underlying conditions, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), lung cancer, or heart disease, which can worsen if left untreated.
Usually, a persistent cough combined with two or more of the below-mentioned symptoms indicates a more serious issue:
For instance, persistent coughing is a common indicator of IPF, but it is generally accompanied by some other symptoms like shortness of breath as well. Hence, it’s essential to consult a doctor particularly in such cases to understand the cause of a dry cough for proper management.
Also Read: What is Influenza (Flu) & Its Types
A persistent dry cough is one of the most dreadful symptoms one can have. It is usually because of viral infections, allergies or postnasal dripping, but in certain cases, it can be due to some underlying serious medical conditions. Hence, it is always advised to visit your doctor and get a proper check-up done in case of a persistent cough, especially that associated with other symptoms, to rule out any major issues. Alongside, you can try out some effective home remedies mentioned in this blog. While further evidence would be useful, most of these are research-backed for easing an itchy throat and soothing a dry cough. So, these remedies are definitely worth giving a try!
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies For Fungal Infections!
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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In recent years, many people have become increasingly interested in how to support or maintain a healthy immune system. Questions such as “How can I improve my immunity?” or “How can I support my body’s natural defences?” are more common than ever.
People often seek ways to strengthen their immunity through various means, including medicines, diets, exercise routines, and lifestyle changes. However, it is important to understand that consuming a variety of so-called ‘superfoods’ alone will not guarantee good health. Instead, a balanced and nutritious diet, when combined with other healthy habits, can play a key role in supporting the body’s immune function1.
The immune system is our body’s natural defence mechanism. When harmful microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses enter the body, the immune system responds to help defend against them. White blood cells (WBCs) are particularly important in this process and are a key component of immune function.
Foods that support the immune system typically contain a combination of essential vitamins, minerals, proteins, antioxidants, and other beneficial compounds. These nutrients work together to help maintain the normal functioning of the body’s natural defence mechanisms.
Spinach and broccoli are packed with important nutrients such as antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre. These components are known to support the body’s natural immune function and contribute to overall health2.
Green leafy vegetables also contain bioactive compounds that may help maintain gut health, which plays a vital role in the body’s immune response. Whenever possible, it is advisable to consume such vegetables raw or lightly cooked, as this can help preserve their nutritional value.
Antioxidants are important for maintaining a healthy immune system. Nuts like almonds, walnuts, and cashews are rich in vitamin E, a key antioxidant. Almonds also provide protein and healthy fats, which help sustain energy levels. A small handful daily can be a nutritious addition to your diet3.
Ginger and garlic are well-known for both their flavour and traditional use in home remedies. Ginger contains natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while garlic provides allicin, which may support the body’s defences4,5. A cup of ginger tea daily can be a comforting addition to a balanced routine.
Indian spices such as turmeric, clove, asafetida, pepper, and cinnamon are traditionally used for their potential health-supporting properties. Turmeric, which contains the compound curcumin, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
These spices are often combined in a herbal decoction, commonly known as kadha, which is traditionally consumed to support overall wellbeing and the body’s natural defences6.
Yogurt and smoothies are enjoyable foods that may support immune health. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria found in the gut, play a role in digestion and overall wellbeing. Low-fat yoghurt and other fermented dairy products are good sources of probiotics, as well as proteins, fats, and vitamins that contribute to a balanced diet7.
Plant-based foods are gaining popularity due to their rich nutritional content. When included as part of a balanced diet, such foods may help support the body’s natural immune function.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: Cold Water Vs Warm Water – Which One Should You Drink?
Button mushrooms are rich in selenium and B vitamins, which contribute to maintaining the body’s natural defences. A mushroom omelette combined with vegetables can be a nutritious addition to a balanced diet8.
Whether it is chicken, red meat, beef, pork, or seafood, these foods provide valuable protein, which is essential for the body to build and repair tissues. For many, a bowl of chicken soup is comforting when unwell. Proteins in chicken supply amino acids that support the body’s natural immune responses. Additionally, shellfish such as oysters and crabs are rich sources of zinc, a mineral important for maintaining overall health9,10.
Egg yolks are rich in nutrients that support overall health. Eggs provide vitamin D and proteins, both of which contribute to the maintenance of normal bodily functions, including the immune system11.
Sweet potato pancakes with eggs are popular among children and can be a nutritious choice. Sweet potatoes are rich in beta-carotene, a nutrient that supports the healthy functioning of white blood cells, which play a role in the body’s natural defence mechanisms12.
Berries such as blueberry, elderberry, and acai berry are rich in antioxidants, which contribute to maintaining overall health and supporting the body’s natural defences13.
Citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes are excellent sources of vitamin C. This vitamin contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system and overall health14.
Brown rice is good source of magnesium, a mineral that supports the healthy functioning of the nervous system15.
A cup of black tea can help refresh your mood and provides antioxidants that support overall health. Various teas, including green tea and anise tea, contain polyphenols and flavonoids, compounds known for their antioxidant properties16.
In addition to consuming nutritious foods that support the immune system, there are other effective ways to maintain and enhance your immunity, such as:
Moringa (Drumstick leaves) is a nutritious plant that contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. It is recognised for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to its overall health-supporting potential. Some preliminary studies suggest that moringa leaves may help support the body’s immune system.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Also Read: Worst Foods for Diarrhea, According to Experts
Supporting the immune system requires more than relying on specific “superfoods” or quick fixes. A balanced diet rich in a variety of nutritious foods, combined with healthy lifestyle habits such as regular exercise, adequate sleep, good hygiene, and stress management, plays a vital role in maintaining your body’s natural defences. By making these practical and sustainable choices, you can help strengthen your immunity and promote overall wellbeing for the long term.
Also Read: 10 Best Foods For A Healthy Gut System
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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About one quarter of the world’s population is thought to be infected with Tuberculosis (TB) and with such a huge group of people, widespread Tuberculosis myths are only to be expected1. These misconceptions can lead to delayed diagnoses, fear-driven stigma, and poor treatment outcomes.
In this article, we aim to dispel five of the most common myths associated with tuberculosis, using evidence-based information to promote greater awareness, understanding, and public health literacy.
Fact: Tuberculosis can be contracted by anyone, although certain populations, such as people with comorbidities like diabetes, people with reduced immunity, malnourished people, and people who smoke/drink, are at a greater risk2. Individuals in contact with these people are also at risk.
Contrary to the popular myth that Tuberculosis is lifelong, tuberculosis can be cured with the right treatment, although it depends on drug-susceptibility, adherence, and host factors. ATT (Anti tubercular therapy) is a highly effective way to treat this bacterial infection, which is infact available free of cost by Government of INDIA under the NTEP (National TB Elimination Program). The usual treatment for TB involves a combination of several antibiotics, which need to be taken consistently for a minimum of 6 months.
Fact: A person can be infected with TB bacteria for years without suffering any ill effects. Perhaps 90 percent of all TB infections remain asymptomatic3. Immunocompromised patients (HIV, immunosuppressive therapy, diabetes, malnutrition) are at higher risk, but not every latent TB infection necessarily reactivates and shows symptoms.
If patients are not cured or follow inadequate/irregular treatment and their disease becomes resistant, they then must take second-line drugs. These drugs are administered when first-line drugs fail. Treatment for MDR-TB is commonly administered for 2 years or longer and involves daily injections for six months.
Fact: The BCG vaccine (a weakened live strain of Mycobacterium bovis) is primarily used to protect children from severe forms of TB, such as miliary or meningeal tuberculosis. It may provide variable protection against pulmonary TB in adults, depending on geographic region and exposure, but this protection is not consistent4. In the U.S., universal BCG vaccination is not practiced due to the low incidence of TB and potential interference with tuberculin skin testing, though it may be used in select high-risk individuals, such as children with unavoidable exposure or for certain healthcare workers.
Tuberculosis may also impact the gastrointestinal tract, most common features are fever and abdominal pain that is often relieved by defecation or vomiting.
Fact: Everyone who is infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and has TB has to take ARVs5. The timing of ARV initiation depends on the CD4 count and clinical condition6,7.
Patients with undiagnosed TB who start antiretroviral therapy (ARVs) may develop TB-IRIS (Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome), in which the immune system mounts an exaggerated response to existing TB antigens. This can make TB appear clinically worse, but it does not indicate treatment failure. Proper screening for TB in HIV patients before starting ARVs is therefore essential8.
While active TB infection does not directly increase the risk of lung cancer, healed TB with residual scarring (scar carcinoma) is associated with a slightly higher risk, particularly for a type of lung carcinoma that is adenocarcinoma, due to chronic scarring and inflammation9. Other major risk factors for lung cancer include smoking (cigarettes, cigars, pipes), passive smoke exposure, occupational exposures (asbestos, silica, radon, diesel exhaust), genetic susceptibility, radiation exposure, and chronic lung diseases such as COPD10.
By dispelling these five widespread misconceptions, we intend to clarify the reality of tuberculosis (TB). With the correct information and medical attention, TB is preventable, treatable, and curable. The global endeavour to eradicate tuberculosis must include promoting early detection, combating stigma, and raising awareness. Let’s use the truth to strengthen our communities and dispel fear.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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