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Common Summer Season Diseases & How To Prevent Them?

Introduction

Not only are summers in India immensely uncomfortable but they also have the potential to be quite lethal. The relentless sun beating down on you can wreak havoc with your body. But, do not despair. You can actually breeze through summer and keep yourself safe (and sane) and the only way to do that is by being aware of the illnesses that summer can trigger.

Common Health Problems Caused by Summer Heat

1. Dehydration

When the water content in your body depletes, you get dehydrated. Summer induces you to sweat a lot. Perspiration, as well as fluid loss through urination, means your body does not have enough water to sustain itself. You can tell you are on the verge of dehydration if you-

• Feel thirsty all the time.
• Are urinating frequently and your urine is dark-hued.
• Feel disoriented
• Experience headaches

To prevent these symptoms from setting in, all you need to do is chug down plenty of water at regular intervals. You can also opt for green coconut water or ‘lassi’. Do not forget to munch on as many watery fruits as possible. Fruits like watermelons, grapes, papayas or mangoes can replenish your body’s water supply. 

2. Sun Stroke

If the temperature soars beyond 40 degrees or celsius, you need to be very wary of the threat of sunstroke. This is actually categorized as a health emergency. Exposure to heat for a long stretch of time in conjunction with dehydration messes with the body’s ability to regulate internal temperature. This triggers sunstroke, which can damage your brain cells and be lethal.

You can foretell the onset of sunstroke from these symptoms-

• Piercing headache
• Dizziness
• Muscle cramps
• Seizures
• Elevated heart rate

To avert sunstroke, drink plenty of fluids, unfurl your umbrella when you step outside, avoid going out between 12 noon and 3 PM and wear comfortable cotton clothing. 

3. Hay Fever

Hay fever is a kind of allergy. When your body’s immunity cannot fight off foreign bodies that enter it, you break out in allergies. It is especially prevalent in early summer when flowers bloom and the pollen comes in contact with your body.

Some indicators of hay fever are:

• Congested nose and watering eyes.
• Coughing and sneezing.
• Fatigue and fever.

You can reduce your exposure to allergens if you wear a pollution mask. If you are prone to allergies, consult with your doctor, some medicines can ease the symptoms.

Summer flu or flu as it is more generally known, is a highly contagious respiratory disease.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

4. Food Poisoning

Summer is the time when several dangerous microorganisms such as Salmonella and Clostridium thrive. And they multiply in food. That is why, unless you prepare your food and store it in the right way, you can come down with a severe case of food poisoning.

The signs of food poisoning are:

• Stomach cramp
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Fever

You can immunize yourself against food poisoning if you avoid undercooked meat, raw vegetables, fish that has not been cooked at high temperature and fast food. These foods are the breeding ground for harmful microorganisms.

Heat exhaustion, headache, dizziness, weakness, and hyperthermia are commonly seen in summer season. Getting adequate hydration and a limited exposure to sun should be tried as far as possible.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

5. Sunburns

When you expose yourself to the sun for an extended duration, the harmful ultraviolet rays (UVA, UVB) can penetrate your delicate skin leading to a condition called sunburns. This condition is characterised by itchy, dry and red skin that can be accompanied by nausea, fever or chills. In cases where the burns are severe, there may be blisters and the skin may peel once the condition subsides.

• What Can You Do: You can apply a good sunscreen lotion with a stronger SPF about 20 minutes before getting out in the sun. Also, make sure that the skin is moisturised properly.

6. Chickenpox

One of the most deadly summer diseases in India is pox or chickenpox. This viral condition manifests as small fluid-filled blisters all over the body. This condition usually affects small children; however, sometimes adults who are diabetic, have a weakened immune system, have cancer or other such underlying medical conditions may get affected too. This contagious disease spreads through air-borne particles that are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or if the caregiver comes in direct contact with the infected person. Sometimes, the infection may stay dormant until the apt weather conditions arise to support the infection.

• What Can You Do: The best you can do is to get a chickenpox shot and prevent yourself from being around the infected person. The infected person should be kept quarantined at home with minimum contact.

7. Jaundice

Another deadly disease that you need to watch out for during the summer months is jaundice. This condition may affect anyone who consumes contaminated food or water. Hepatitis A virus gets into the body through the faeces-oral route, and this happens when you consume water or food that is contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. This condition can become severe and affect the liver too. The main symptoms of jaundice include yellowish skin, pale eyes, dark-coloured urine and itchy skin

• What Can You Do: One of the most effective ways to keep this infection at bay is by avoiding the exposure to this kind of infection. Maintaining a healthy weight, managing your cholesterol levels and putting a limit to your alcohol consumption may help in preventing the condition.

Also Read: 7 Foods to Eat During Food Poisoning

Also, don’t forget to wash your hands before cooking or eating.

Summer can be a very taxing season for your body. But if you adopt a few measures you can easily fight off diseases and stay healthy.

Also Read: 8 Best Foods to Eat During Summer To Keep Your Body Cool

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any change

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Ashwagandharishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Ashwagandharishta is an Ayurvedic polyherbal preparation known for its varied potential uses. Ashwagandharishta is widely used in the branch of Rasayana, which lengthens lifespan and rejuvenates the body. The name Ashwagandharishta comes from its chief ingredient Ashwagandha, a herb¹.

Ingredients of Ashwagandharishta

The list of ingredients of Ashwagandharishta are: 

• The roots of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)  
• Kali musali (Curculigo orchioides)  
• The roots of Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) 
• Haritaki (Terminalia chebula)  
• Haridra (Curcuma longa)  
• Daruharidra (Berberis aristata)  
• The roots of Yasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra)  
• The roots of Rasna (Alpinia chinensis)  
• Vidari (Pueraria tuberosa)  
• The bark of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna)  
• The rhizomes of Mustaka (Cyperus rotundus)  
• Trivrt (Ipomoea turpethum)  
• Svet Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus)  
• Krisna sariva (Ichnocarpus frutescens) 
• Svet Chandan (Santalum album)  
• Rakta Chandan (Pterocarpus santalinus)  
• Vacha (Acorus calamus)  
• Chitraka (Plumbago zeyleynica)  
• Dhataki (Woodfordia floribunda)  
• Sonth (Zingiber officinalis)  
• Marica (Piper nigrum) 
• Pippali (Piper longum)  
• The inner bark of Tvak (Cinnamomum zeyleynicum)  
• Tejpatra (Cinnamomum tamala)  
• Priyangu (Callicarpa microphylla) 
• Elaichi (Eletteria cardamomum)  
• stamens of Nagakesara (Mesua ferrea)  
• Madhu (Honey)  
• Water for decoction¹. 

Potential Uses of Ashwagandharishta

Ashwagandharishta is a well-known Ayurvedic remedy with immense potential uses. The roots of Ashwagandha are used as an adaptogen in both Ayurveda and Unani medicine². Some of the key medicinal qualities of Ashwagandharishta are: 

• Neuroprotective² 
• Memory-boosting² 
• Hematopoietic² 
• Sleep-stimulating² 
• Anxiolytic² 
• Antioxidant² 
• Cardioprotective³ 
• Anti-Hyperlipidaemic⁴ 
• Anti-inflammatory
• Collagenase inhibitor
• Antimicrobial
• Anticonvulsant
• Antidepressant
• Anti-epileptic 
• Removal of sodium and potassium in urine¹ 

Did you know that the fermentation process known as “Asava-Arishta” is used to make Ashwagandharishta. In this method, the herbs are soaked in water or a decoction with honey or jaggery, and then they are fermented for a predetermined amount of time. The medicinal qualities of the herbs are enhanced by this fermentation¹⁰.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Ashwagandharishta

1. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Diuresis

• High Blood pressure (hypertension) and oedema associated with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome (kidney disorder) and liver cirrhosis are generally handled by diuresis therapy⁸. 
• Ashwagandharishta is one of the excellent Ayurvedic remedies proven to help manage this disorder in laboratory settings.
• It is proven to be equivalent to the allopathic drug furosemide, a diuretic medication available in the market.
• Ashwagandharishta may be able to remove excess fluids by increasing the excretion of urine and removal of excess sodium, potassium, or chloride in such patients.
• Further studies are required to prove the efficacy in humans, but the studies so far have been promising¹.

2. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Heart

• Heart attack is a fatal outcome of an imbalance between the coronary blood supply and demand.
• Ashwagandharishta can protect the heart muscles owing to its antioxidant properties.
• Ashwagandharishta can reduce serum cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, subsequently increasing the HDL.
• The accumulation of LDL and triglycerides on the arteries and aorta is the primary cause of heart attack, which may be prevented by using Ashwagandharishta³.                                                 

3. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Gastric Ulcer

• Ashwagandharishta may be effective in relieving the symptoms of gastric ulcers.
• It can significantly reduce the total secretion of acid and protect the gastric mucosa lining⁷.
• Ashwagandharishta is also used for enhancing the power of digestion and preventing fainting due to weakness⁶

4. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Cholesterol

• Ashwagandharishta consists of the roots of ashwagandha that are very efficient in reducing low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol), triglycerides and total cholesterol.
• In addition, it can also increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol).
• Further investigations are necessary to prove the efficacy in humans⁵.

5. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Memory disorders

• Ashwagandharishta can be helpful in memory disorder therapies due to its use as an anti-depressant.
• In Ayurvedic therapy, Ashwagandharishta is used in psychiatric disorders like epilepsy, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, sluggishness, dullness, and other memory-related disorders⁴.
• The roots of ashwagandha are very efficient in promoting memory, attention and concentration.
• Therefore, Ashwagandharishta may be used to manage the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s⁹.
• Ashwagandharishta works by boosting neurotransmission, synaptic flexibility, and acts as an anti-depressant.
• It may be used to prevent stress and anxiety⁶. 

6. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Longevity

• Ashwagandharishta is an Ayurvedic tonic known to stimulate health and long life.
• It can prevent the ageing process and rejuvenate the body.
• It helps the body preserve and maintain energy throughout the day and enables good sleep which helps one feel re-energized the next day.
• It can also improve the haemoglobin levels by increasing the red blood count in adults.
• In children, it is used to promote growth^6,9. 

7. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Stress and Anxiety

• The anti-stress property of the Ashwagandharishta makes it an excellent remedy to improve mental well-being in obese and overweight adults.
• It can reduce stress and improve eating behaviours while sustaining the endocrinological balance. 
• It is also found that the roots of Ashwagandha can significantly reduce the levels of stress hormone and improve the quality of sleep².

According to Ayurveda, Ashwagandharishta might help in reducing stress and anxiety by balancing the Vata and Pitta doshas. The Vata and Pitta are said to be involved in maintaining the energy flow and various bodily functions. Additionally, Ashwagandha, one of the major ingredients of Ashwagandharishta is said to have adaptogenic properties that can help in reducing stress and anxiety^11,12.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Lavender – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

How to Use Ashwagandharishta?

Ashwagandharishta is an ayurvedic tonic that is prescribed by the physician to be taken as directed⁶.

Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dosage as per your health condition. 

Also Read: Gokshura – Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions

Side Effects of Ashwagandharishta

 The most common side effects of Ashwagandha, which is the chief ingredient of Ashwagandharishta are: 

• Intestinal disorders in hyperthyroid patients and pregnant women⁹
• Hypnotic effect in high doses⁹
• Drowsiness or sleepiness⁹

Ashwagandharishta might help in increasing sperm count. According to a small-scale study, root extracts of ashwagandha, which is the main ingredient of Ashwagandharishta powder are believed to have spermatogenic activities which can stimulate sperm count^13,14.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Precautions to Take with Ashwagandharishta

Ashwagandha, which is one of the significant ingredients of Ashwagandharishta, must be used with caution in certain health conditions like 

• Pregnancy⁹ 
• Hyperthyroidism⁹
• Due to the risk of causing hypnotic effect, the dosage of Ashwagandha must be charted out thoughtfully⁹.
• Kidney patients should undergo a kidney function test before starting Ashwagandharishta and must be followed up regularly to keep a close watch on any complications⁶.

Also Read: Triphala – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Salve J, Pate S, Debnath K, Langade D. Adaptogenic and Anxiolytic Effects of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study. Cureus [Internet]. 2019 Dec 26 [cited 2022 Feb 28];11(12). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6979308/ 

2. Ingale Dhanashri, Koppikar Soumya, Kulkarni Padmakumar, Harsulkar Abhay Madhukar. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta and Balarishta in Osteoarthritis are through Reduction of Inflammation and Inhibition of Collagenase | Request PDF. In: 2nd International Conference on Biotechnology and Bioinformatics [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280066103_Benefits_of_Ashwagandharishta_and_Balarishta_in_Osteoarthritis_are_through_Reduction_of_Inflammation_and_Inhibition_of_Collagenase 

3. Tanna IR, Aghera HB, K AB, Chandola HM, of Roga Nidana D, Vijnana V. Protective role of Ashwagandharishta and flax seed oil against maximal electroshock induced seizures in albino rats. Pharmacological Research [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2022 Feb 28];33(1). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3456848/pdf/Ayu-33-114.pdf 

4. Munaweera RRKW, Pandithavidana DR. Molecular Docking Analysis to Elucidate the Potential Drug Action of Phytochemicals Present in Ashwagandharishta towards Memory Related Disorders. In: International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018– University of Kelaniya [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329415276_Molecular_docking_analysis_to_elucidate_the_potential_drug_action_of_phytochemicals_present_in_Ashwagandharishta_towards_memory_related_disorders

5. Rahman T, Salahuddin Bhuiya M, Hasan R, Choudhuri MSK. Effect of Ashwagandharishta on the lipid profile of male and female rats. Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences [Internet]. 2020 Jun 1 [cited 2022 Feb 28];9(1–2):59–68. Available from: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JUJBS/article/view/53707

6. Rahman T, Rakib Hasan M, K Choudhuri MS. Effect of Ashwagandharista (Withania somnifera) on the kidney functions of male and female rats. Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences [Internet]. 2019 Aug 3 [cited 2022 Feb 28];8(1):1–7. Available from: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JUJBS/article/view/42462

7. Somuvel Uma, Venugopalan Rajesh, Jayakumar Vinothkumar, Kavitha K.N.V, Vijaykumar P.R.P, Perumal Perumal. Effect of a polyherbal liquid formulation on pylorus ligated gastric mucosal damage in albino wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacy Research [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2022 Feb 28];1115–7. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283268849_Effect_of_a_polyherbal_liquid_formulation_on_pylorus_ligated_gastric_mucosal_damage_in_albino_wistar_rats

8. Furosemide | C12H11ClN2O5S – PubChem [Internet]. PubChem – National Library of Medicine. [cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/furosemide 

9. Kumar Meher S, Das B, Panda P, Bhuyan G, Rao M. Uses of Withania somnifera (Linn) Dunal (Ashwagandha) in Ayurveda and its Pharmacological Evidences INTRODUCTION. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 28];8(1). Available from: https://rjppd.org/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Pharmacology%20and%20Pharmacodynamics;PID=2016-8-1-6

10. Kushwaha R, Karanjekar S. Standardization of Ashwagandharishta formulation by TLC method. Int J ChemTech Res. 2011 Jul–Sep;3(3):1033-1036. Available from: https://sphinxsai.com/Vol.3No.3/Chem/pdf/CT=04(1033-1036)JS11.pdf

11. The Art of Living. Knowing vata imbalance: its symptoms, causes and remedies [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 08]. Available from: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/ayurveda/remedies/vata-imbalance-manage

12. Salve J, Pate lwe Rahul, Kanchan A, Abbasi AR, Selvakumar S, Mohan A. Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract in healthy adults: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2019 Mar-Apr;41(3):242-51. PMCID: PMC6979308. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6979308/

13. Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M. An overview on Withania somnifera: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(5 Suppl):208-213. PMCID: PMC3252722. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3252722/

14. Ambiye VR, Langade D, Dongre S, Aptikar P, Kulkarni M, Dongre A. Clinical Evaluation of the Spermatogenic Activity of the Root Extract of Withania somnifera in Oligospermic Males: A Pilot Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:571420. doi:10.1155/2013/571420. PMCID: PMC3863556. PMID: 24371462. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3863556/

Disclaimer:The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Arjunarishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Arjunarishta, also known as Parthadyarishta, is a hydroalcoholic formulation of the herb Terminalia arjuna belonging to the Combretaceae family¹. It is consumed as a herbal decoction. Arjunarishta is made up of fresh stem bark of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna), Madhuka (Madhuka indica), Draksha (Vitis vinifera), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa), and Jaggery (Saccharum officinarum). Among these, Arjuna constitutes the highest proportion. It is formulated via a fermentation process that generates alcohol. This alcohol acts as a preservative as well as a solvent².  

Chemical Constituents of Arjunarishta

Arjuna bark contains many phytochemicals, triterpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, beta-sitosterol, minerals, and trace elements⁶.  

• Triterpenoids: Arjunin, arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin, terminic acid, ajunglucosides IV and V, arjunasides A–E, 2″α,3″β-dihydroxyurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester   
• Flavonoids: Arjunolone, arjunone, baicalein, luteolin, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, quercetin, kempferol, pelargonidin, oligomeric proanthocyanidins 
• Glycosides: Arjunetin, arjunoside I, arjunoside II, arjunaphthanoloside, terminoside A 
• Tannins: Pyrocatechols, punicallin, punicalagin, terchebulin, terflavin C, castalagin, casuariin, casuarinin 
• Minerals and trace elements: Calcium, aluminium, magnesium, silica, zinc, copper

Uses of Arjunarishta

• Arjunarishta may help regulate blood pressure⁵. 
• Arjunarishta contains many phytochemicals that may function as antioxidants. Phytochemicals like flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids show antioxidant effects and free radical scavenging ability⁶. This free radical scavenging activity may effectively prevent liver and kidney damage. 
• Arjunarishta is also traditionally used in:
  • Lung disorders
  • Heart diseases⁶
  • absence of motile sperm
  • Loss of strength and immunity

Also Read: Dashmularishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Benefits of Arjunarishta

Various phytochemicals present in Arjunarishta may provide many health benefits. Phytochemicals like flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids possess antioxidant effects and free radical scavenging ability that can reduce inflammation. 

1. For Diabetes

• Arjunarishta may support blood sugar control and improve insulin sensitivity⁵.
• Arjunarishta may be helpful in managing hyperglycemia, potentially benefiting individuals with diabetes.

2. For Heart Diseases

• Arujunarishta nourishes and strengthens the muscles of the heart¹.
• It helps regulate blood cholesterol and blood pressure¹.
• The chief constituent of Arjunarishta, Arjuna may reduce angina pain and be beneficial in managing coronary artery disease and heart failure¹.

3. For Cancer

• The major ingredient of Arjunarishta, arjuna bark, was found to be effective in controlling tumour formation in animal studies³.
• Vitis vinifera has shown anticancer abilities too and was efficacious in killing cancer cells in in vitro studies⁴.

However, more research is needed to understand their efficacy in treating cancer in humans.  

Traditional uses of Arjunarishta are obtained mainly from its bark. The renowned ancient physician Chakradatta advised administering it as a bark decoction with milk or as a ghrita. It has been observed that consuming a decoction of bark might help in reducing headaches, earache and heart ailments. Dried bark powder mixed with rice water might help in reducing blood in the urine¹.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use

 As per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Arjunarishta is to be taken after meals with water¹.  Dosage should be prescribed by an Ayurvedic physician based on individual health needs.

Side Effects

• Consumption of arjuna is associated with mild side effects like body aches, headaches, gastritis, and nausea¹. 
• Consuming excess amounts of arjuna plant extract, which is the critical component of Arjunarishta, can lead to hepatotoxicity and hypothyroidism¹.

Also Read: Drumstick (Sahjan): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take

• There are no safety studies about its usage in pregnant and breastfeeding women. Therefore, it should be used only with the doctor’s advice and supervision in pregnant and nursing women.   
• There are no safety studies about its usage in children.  
• Arjunarishta is known to contain alcohol, which is self-generated during the fermentation process.

Mentioned in ancient Indian medicinal texts like Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridayam, Arjunarishta might hold ultimate medical value in managing cardiovascular diseases. Vagabhatta was the one who originally suggested using stem bark powder for heart conditions¹. 

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Atibala: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More

Interaction with Other Drugs

There is a lack of data regarding the interaction of Arjunarishta with other drugs. Therefore, patients are advised to talk to a doctor about its usage if they are already using any other medication or supplement. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Dwivedi S, Chopra D. Revisiting Terminalia arjuna – An Ancient Cardiovascular Drug. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine [Internet]. 2014 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Feb 17];4(4):224–31. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25379463/ 

2. Effect of Terminalia arjuna stem bark on antioxidant status in liver and kidney of alloxan diabetic rats – PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 17]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17051732/  

3. Sivalokanathan S, Vijayababu MR, Balasubramanian MP. Effects of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line HepG2. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Feb 21;12(7):1018-24. doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i7.1018. PMID: 16534840; PMCID: PMC4087891. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4087891/

4. Grace Nirmala J, Evangeline Celsia S, Swaminathan A, Narendhirakannan RT, Chatterjee S. Cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death induced by Vitis vinifera peel and seed extracts in A431 skin cancer cells. Cytotechnology [Internet]. 2018 Apr 1 [cited 2022 Feb 22];70(2):537–54. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28983752/ 

5. Shengule SA, Mishra S, Joshi K, Apte K, Patil D, Kale P, et al. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effect of Arjunarishta in high-fat fed animals. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2018 Jan-Mar;9(1):45-52. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2017.07.004. PMID: 29249636; PMCID: PMC5884182. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5884182/

6. Amalraj A, Gopi S. Medicinal properties of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: A review. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016 Mar 20;7(1):65-78. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.003. PMID: 28053890; PMCID: PMC5198828. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198828/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Triphala: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Three medicinal herbs make up Triphala (in Sanskrit, “tri” means “three” and “phala” means “fruits”). It is an antioxidant-rich herbal preparation described as a Rasayana (rejuvenator) medicine by Ayurvedic practitioners. Combining the three fruits is said to be responsible for Triphala’s numerous health benefits¹. 

Triphala is made from the dried fruits of: 

• Terminalia chebula (black myrobalan) 
• Terminalia bellerica (bastard myrobalan)
• Phyllantus emblica (emblic myrobalan or Indian gooseberry)

Chemical Composition of Triphala

The spring-harvested fruits of Terminalia chebula are high in tannins such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, neochebulinic acid, corilagin, terchebin, punicalagin, terfavin, flavonoids (rutins, luteolin and quercetin), starches, amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine and proline), β-sitosterol, succinic acid, fructose and fatty acids². 

The fruits of Terminalia bellerica consist of proteins and oils that include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid). Because of its high fatty acid content, this plant can impact cholesterol levels, increasing high-density lipoprotein levels (good cholesterol) while decreasing low-density lipoprotein levels (bad cholesterol), making it effective in treating coronary artery disease. 

Phyllanthus emblica (amla) fruits are high in ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C². The high density of tannins may contribute to the overall bitterness of amla. These fruits also include punicafolin and phyllanemblinin A, phyllemblin, and other polyphenols such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, flavonoids and kaempferol². 

Based on my experience, I have come across evidence suggesting that Amalaki, which is a component of Triphala, may possess properties to manage diseases of the sense organs and enhance memory. It is believed that the active compounds present in Amalaki exert beneficial effects on the central nervous system, potentially improving sensory function and memory.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Uses of Triphala

Triphala is described as a tridoshic Rasayana in Ayurveda, capable of balancing and rejuvenating the three doshas that regulate human life: Vata, Pitta and Kapha. It is widely used in several disease conditions owing to its following properties^1,3:  

• Laxative  
• Anti-inflammatory 
• Antiviral  
• Blood purifying 
• Analgesic  
• Anti-arthritic  
• Hypoglycemic  
• Anti-ageing  
• Antibacterial  

Triphala is used to treat fatigue, oxidative stress, and infectious disorders like tuberculosis, pneumonia, AIDS and periodontal disease, among others. It’s also used for headaches, dyspepsia, ascites and leukorrhea³.  

In my experience, I have observed that Triphala, a herbal formulation, may have the ability to increase the number of red blood cells and improve haemoglobin content in the body, making it potentially beneficial for managing anaemia. The active compounds in Triphala are believed to stimulate the production of red blood cells, leading to an increase in haemoglobin levels and overall improvement in anaemic conditions.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Benefits of Triphala

1. Supports Infection Management 

• Triphala and its components have demonstrated potent antimicrobial properties against a variety of microorganisms.
• Triphala churna has proven action against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• Triphala churna and Triphala mashi have shown antibacterial properties against a variety of bacteria, like E. coli and S. aureus¹. 

2. Promotes Dental Health

• Triphala reduced levels of chemicals which are implicated in the destruction of tissue during periodontitis (inflammation of tissues surrounding teeth).
• Triphala mouthwash was tested clinically and found to be as effective as chlorhexidine in lowering plaque scores and inhibiting Lactobacillus bacteria microbial levels¹. More studies are needed to better understand these effects. 

3. Helps Manage Stress

• Triphala supplementation has been shown to alleviate stress.
• This should be studied further to under its role in stress management.

4. Supports Joint Health

• Triphala prevented monosodium urate crystal-induced arthritis in mice (gouty arthritis) by reducing various chemicals involved in the worsening of joint health. 
• It might have potential use in the treatment of gout in humans, however, more studies are needed for the same¹. 

5. Aids Digestion

• Castor oil-induced diarrhoea was prevented by extracts of Triphala churna powder and Triphala mashi.
• The extracts had a strong antidiarrhoeal effect, as demonstrated by increased first defecation time, cumulative faecal weight, intestinal transit time, improved stool volume, stool frequency, stool consistency, decreased mucus level in stool, and flatulence¹. 
• More studies are needed to understand the exact indication of Triphala in managing diarrhoea.

6. Supports Liver Function

• In mice, Triphala was found to be beneficial against acetaminophen-induced liver damage but with less efficacy than silymarin.
• Triphala lowered the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxides while also restoring the levels of many antioxidant enzymes and reducing liver damage, as seen by lower liver enzyme values¹.
• People with liver disease should consult a doctor before consuming Triphala or any other Ayurvedic or herbal supplement.

7. May Help Manage Diabetes

• Animal studies have demonstrated that giving the same amount of Triphala and its separate ingredients to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats lowered serum glucose levels.
• Thus, with more research, Triphala might be useful in treating diabetes in humans¹. 

8. May Support Weight Management

• After the treatment of mice with Triphala in an anti-obesity study, their body weight was observed to be lower when compared to control animals.
• Gallic acid is a phenolic molecule found in Triphala that was chosen as the bioactive marker because of its anti-obesity activity³. 

9. Promotes Heart Health

• Triphala has been found to have a lipid-lowering impact on rats, with significant reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and free fatty acid, indicating hypocholesteremic condition.
• These properties make it cardio-protective.  

10. Supports Skin Healing

• The topical application of Triphala extract aided wound healing in rats infected with a variety of bacteria, according to a study⁶.
• Experiments revealed that the Triphala ointment reduced bacterial count and promoted wound closure by increasing collagen, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels¹. 

11. Radioprotective Properties 

• Triphala has been proven in preclinical trials to have radioprotective properties when taken orally.
• The most effective action of Triphala was seen when given before irradiation, lowering DNA damage in both white blood cells and spleen cells, the normalising activity of certain enzymes like xanthine oxidase and super oxidase dismutase found in the intestine.
• This indicates that the observed effects were mediated through the inhibition of oxidative damage in the cells and organs¹. 

12. Boosts Immunity

• Triphala has been shown to have potent immunomodulatory properties in a variety of animal models.
• Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and phenolic substances are thought to have immunomodulatory properties.
• Triphala treatment increased antioxidant activity and lowered corticosterone levels in animals exposed to noise stress, according to research⁷. 

13. Rich in Antioxidants

• According to research⁹, taking Triphala boosts the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which may have resulted in a considerable reduction in stomach cancers in mice.
• When rats were given Triphala and were subjected to noise stress, similar results were reported.
• Such findings point to Triphala’s ability to act as an antioxidant and to protect against a variety of stressors and illnesses¹. 

14. Supports Eye Health

• Triphala was found to be beneficial in preventing and reducing selenite-induced cataract formation, according to a study⁸.
• In animal trials, Triphala restored antioxidant enzyme levels, resulting in a reduction in nuclear cataracts. As per Ayurveda, Triphala can also help reduce the risk of blindness and near-sightedness in some cases¹. 

15. Potential Anti-Cancer Properties

• Triphala caused an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, which may be beneficial in supporting cancer treatment in some cases³. 
• Triphala or any herbal supplements should not be given to cancer patients who are under treatment unless advised by a doctor. There are chances of severe drug interactions in patients receiving cancer treatment; hence self medication, even with herbal or ayurvedic medicines, should be avoided.

16. Anti-Ageing Benefits 

• On human skin cells, Triphala extract has shown strong antiaging effect.
• It stimulates collagen-1 and elastin-synthesizing genes and antioxidant genes responsible for cellular antioxidants in human skin cells.
• Due to the presence of protective phytochemicals, it may also suppress melanin synthesis and hyperpigmentation⁴. 

Over the years, I have observed that Triphala, a herbal formulation, might have growth inhibitory activities against certain bacterial strains commonly found in HIV-infected patients. Studies have indicated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Triphala, as well as its individual plant components, have shown potential antibacterial effects against these bacterial isolates.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Atibala: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More

How to Use Triphala

1. Triphala Churna (Powder): 

Haritaki, bibitaki, and amlaki are powdered to make Triphala churna (powder). As per research, it is advisable to take it with ghee, honey, or milk¹. 

2. Triphala Kwatha (Decoction):

It is made by combining the powder with water and boiling it. The decoction is then filtered through a clean cloth, and the filtrate can be used to treat skin conditions like erysipelas, eruptions, scrotal enlargement, colic pain, worm infestation, and urinary diseases. It is applied directly to open wounds and eyes, as well as gargled during pharyngitis¹. 

3. Triphala Taila (Oil):

It is made by boiling Triphala powder with oil. It is used as a gargle, snuff, an enema, and orally to treat obesity and itching¹.

4. Triphala Masi (Ash):

It’s made by heating Triphala powder for a long time at a low temperature in a controlled setting. Mashi/Masi is an intermediate product containing organic and inorganic ingredients. The mashi is black and has a high carbon and oxide content. Triphala Mashi, when mixed with honey, can be used to treat soft chancres and wounds¹.

5. Triphala Gritha (in ghee or clarified butter):

It is made by cooking the paste of Triphala, trikatu (a herbal compound of Indian Long Pepper (Piper longum), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ghee and milk, as well as grapes (Vitis vinifera), Yestamadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Kutki (Picrorhiza korroa), and cardamom (Elettaria cardamom). It is frequently used to treat eye conditions like conjunctivitis, blindness, and cataracts. Triphala gritha is also used to treat jaundice, leucorrhoea, tumours, greying, and hair loss¹. 

Also Read: Jowar: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Triphala

Terminalia chebula: It should not be used if you have an acute cough, diarrhoea, or early-stage dysentery⁵.

Also Read: Dashmularishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Baliga MS, Meera S, Mathai B, Rai MP, Pawar V, Palatty PL. Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala: a review. Chin J Inter Med. 2012; 18(12): 946-954. https://sci-hub.st/10.1007/s11655-012-1299-x
2. Tarasiuk A, Mosińska P, Fichna J. Triphala: current applications and new perspectives on the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Chin Med. 2018; 13(1): 39. https://sci-hub.st/10.1186/s13020-018-0197-6
3. Kumar NS, Nair AS, Nair AM, Murali M. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of triphala-A literature review. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 2016; 5(3): 23. https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-33-672.pdf
4. Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic uses of triphala in ayurvedic medicine. The J Altern Complement Med. 2017; 23(8): 607-614. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567597/pdf/acm.2017.0083.pdf

5. Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC press; 2002 Jun 27; Page No: 181. https://www.enpab.it/images/2018/James_A._Duke_-_Handbook_of_Medicinal_Herbs.pdf
6. Kumar MS, Kirubanandan S, Sripriya R, Sehgal PK. Triphala promotes healing of infected full-thickness dermal wound. J Surg Res. 2008 Jan;144(1):94-101. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2007.02.049. PMID: 17662304. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662304/
7. Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic medicine. J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Aug;23(8):607-614. doi:10.1089/acm.2017.0083. PMID: 28696777; PMCID: PMC5567597. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567597/
8. Gupta SK, Kalaiselvan V, Srivastava S, Agrawal SS, Saxena R. Evaluation of anticataract potential of Triphala in selenite-induced cataract: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Oct;1(4):280-6. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.74425. PMID: 21731375; PMCID: PMC3117320. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3117320/
9. Prasad S, Srivastava SK. Oxidative stress and cancer: Chemopreventive and therapeutic role of Triphala. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Jan 13;9(1):72. doi:10.3390/antiox9010072. PMID: 31941067; PMCID: PMC7022920. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022920/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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9

10 Healthy Fat Foods That You Should Be Eating!

Introduction

For many years, dietary fat has been viewed with caution. However, evolving research¹⁴ suggests that not all fats are the same, and certain types may actually support overall health when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. 

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are naturally present in foods like nuts, seeds, avocados, and certain oils, may offer properties that support heart health and help maintain stable energy levels. These fats are also a source of essential nutrients and may contribute to general well-being. 

On the other hand, saturated fats and trans fats often listed as “hydrogenated oils” on food packaging, are commonly found in processed or packaged foods. When consumed in excess, these types of fats may be linked to less favourable health outcomes and are best limited in the daily diet. 

Choosing the right types of fats and consuming them in appropriate amounts may be a valuable part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. However, it is important to speak with a healthcare professional before making any significant dietary changes, especially if you have existing health conditions or are on medication. 

Here are Ten Fatty Foods that you Should be Eating

1. Butter

Contrary to popular belief, butter may be suitable for consumption when included in moderation. It contains fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamin D and also provides certain polyunsaturated fats like omega-6. Butter may help support the absorption of nutrients from other foods as part of a balanced diet¹. 

2. Full-Fat Dairy

Full-fat dairy is once again gaining attention. While it is nutritionally similar to low-fat and skimmed varieties, full-fat milk and its products may offer fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamin A and D in notable amounts².  

Although controversial, dairy products are often termed ‘superfoods’ as most of them contain probiotics. Among them, fermented dairy products like yoghurt may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health¹¹.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

3. Coconut and Coconut Oil

Coconut contains saturated fats, which are often viewed with caution. However, research³ suggests that the fatty acids in coconut and its products may be metabolised differently, as they are directed to the liver for processing. Some studies³ indicate that coconut may support satiety and may have an effect on metabolic activity. 

4. Dark Chocolate

Dark chocolates are abundant in antioxidants, which helps in lowering blood pressure and is good for the heart. It may also improve brain function and may help protect against skin damage⁴.

Did you know dark chocolate may have antitussive properties that might help to relieve cough in some people? Some studies¹² suggest that eating dark chocolate may help suppress the urge to cough and may have soothing effects.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

5. Nuts 

Nuts are full of fibre and nutrients like vitamin E, magnesium, and protein. They may be beneficial in supporting metabolism and heart health. Almonds and walnuts, in particular, may provide unique advantages compared to other types of nuts⁵.  

6. Olive Oil

Olives are the cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet, and olive oil, derived from them, may offer numerous benefits. Rich in antioxidants and vitamins E and K, olive oil may support heart health and may help maintain healthy blood pressure levels⁶. 

7. Egg Yolks

Egg yolk is known for being rich in fats and cholesterol; however, research⁷ suggests that this may not have a significant effect on the body’s cholesterol levels. Eggs are a good source of nutrients that may support brain function and heart health. Additionally, they may play a role in supporting weight management when included in a balanced diet⁷. 

8. Avocados

Avocados are rich in fat, but they are also an excellent source of fibre, monounsaturated fats, and heart-healthy cholesterol. Avocados may support overall health and may have potential benefits in managing weight when included as part of a balanced diet⁸. 

9. Fatty Fish

Salmon, tuna, trout, sardines, and mackerel are rich in protein and may offer benefits for cardiovascular health. When included as part of a balanced diet, fish may provide unique advantages over other types of meat⁹. 

10. Chia Seeds

Chia seeds might not be the first food that comes to mind when thinking of fatty foods, but they are actually a dense source of healthy fats. Chia seeds may offer potential benefits in supporting healthy waist size and blood pressure when included in a balanced diet. They are also a great source of fibre, which makes up a significant portion of their carbohydrate content. An alternative with similar benefits is flax seeds¹⁰.  

In addition to healthy fats, chia seeds are a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, and dietary fibre. They also contain various vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. These nutrients may contribute to overall health when included as part of a balanced diet¹³.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: High Dietary Fiber Foods That You Should Eat Every Day!

What are Good Fats and Bad Fats?

For a long time, fats in foods have been viewed negatively, with many people believing that low-fat equals healthy. However, our bodies need fats to function properly, as they are one of the three essential macronutrients (along with carbohydrates and proteins). The concern lies in the modern diet, which is often high in saturated and trans fats, both of which are linked to less favourable health outcomes, particularly trans fats.  

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, on the other hand, are generally regarded as healthier fats. These fats are linked to improved cholesterol levels (particularly lowering bad cholesterol, or LDL) and may help maintain balanced insulin levels. Foods rich in healthy fats typically contain higher levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats and lower or no amounts of trans or saturated fats³. 

Also Read: 15 Amazing Health Benefits of Ghee

Conclusion

Incorporating healthy fats into a balanced diet is essential for overall well-being. While it is important to limit saturated and trans fats, adding monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats to your diet may offer a range of health benefits, including supporting heart health and helping to maintain balanced cholesterol and insulin levels. By choosing foods rich in these healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts, and fish, and consulting with a healthcare professional, you can make informed choices that promote long-term health. 

Also Read: Best Summer Foods to Keep Your Body Cool

References

1. Pimpin L, Wu JH, Haskelberg H, Del Gobbo L, Mozaffarian D. Is Butter Back? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Butter Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Total Mortality. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 29;11(6):e0158118. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4927102/ 
2. Benatar JR, Sidhu K, Stewart RA. Effects of high and low fat dairy food on cardio-metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 11;8(10):e76480. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3795726/ 
3. Roopashree PG, Shetty SS, Kumari NS. Effect of medium chain fatty acid in human health and disease. J Funct Foods [Internet]. 2021;87:104724. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104724 
4. Yang J, Zhou J, Yang J, Lou H, Zhao B, Chi J, Tang W. Dark chocolate intake and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 10;14(1):968. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10781976/ 
5. Balakrishna R, Bjørnerud T, Bemanian M, Aune D, Fadnes LT. Consumption of Nuts and Seeds and Health Outcomes Including Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr. 2022 Dec 22;13(6):2136-2148. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9776667/ 
6. Xia M, Zhong Y, Peng Y, Qian C. Olive oil consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Front Nutr. 2022 Oct 18;9:1041203. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9623257/ 
7. Myers M, Ruxton CHS. Eggs: Healthy or Risky? A Review of Evidence from High Quality Studies on Hen’s Eggs. Nutrients. 2023 Jun 7;15(12):2657. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10304460/ 
8. Wang L, Tao L, Hao L, Stanley TH, Huang KH, Lambert JD, Kris-Etherton PM. A Moderate-Fat Diet with One Avocado per Day Increases Plasma Antioxidants and Decreases the Oxidation of Small, Dense LDL in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2020 Feb 1;150(2):276-284. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7373821/ 
9. Hu FB, Bronner L, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Rexrode KM, Albert CM, Hunter D, Manson JE. Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. JAMA. 2002 Apr 10;287(14):1815-21. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11939867/ 
10. Karimi M, Pirzad S, Shirsalimi N, et al. Effects of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation on cardiometabolic health in overweight subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Nutr Metab (Lond) [Internet]. 2024;21:74. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00847-3 
11. Sendra E. Dairy Fat and Cardiovascular Health. Foods. 2020 Jun 26;9(6):838. doi:10.3390/foods9060838. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/6/838
12. Halfdanarson TR, Jatoi A. Chocolate as a cough suppressant: rationale and justification for an upcoming clinical trial. Support Cancer Ther. 2007 Jan 1;4(2):119-22. doi: 10.3816/SCT.2007.n.006. PMID: 18632476. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18632476/
13. Nutritional, health benefits and usage of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica): a review. Afr J Food Sci. [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 12];[volume(issue)]:[page numbers]. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJFS/article-full-text/310BC7365996

 Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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13

Insulin Resistance: What You Need To Know

Introduction

Insulin-resistance is a growing concern and is linked to conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. Although both conditions share similar symptoms, insulin resistance develops earlier and may be reversed with timely lifestyle changes. Let’s understand what insulin resistance is, and how it can be managed effectively.

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps the cells of the body absorb glucose and use it for metabolism. Insulin resistance is a condition where cells are not able to use the insulin circulating in the body effectively, as they become less responsive to insulin. This leads to difficulty in absorbing glucose from the bloodstream and the accumulation of sugar in the blood. Many people who have insulin resistance have slightly elevated blood sugar levels, known as prediabetes¹. This stage is known as the prediabetes stage.

It is not known exactly why one develops insulin resistance; however, overweight or obesity are risk factors for developing this condition. Other factors that may also cause insulin resistance are genetic and lifestyle factors¹. 

Insulin resistance can be temporary or chronic and can be manageable in some cases. Exercise is one of the fastest and the most effective ways to manage insulin resistance apart from oral anti-diabetes and anti-obesity medications, which may be prescribed by your physician to manage the condition.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S. M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Effects of Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance initially does not trigger any symptoms. You may be insulin resistant and may not even realise it. A routine blood glucose test alone may not be able to confirm insulin resistance².

The earliest symptom of insulin resistance is weight gain, particularly around the waistline, known as central obesity. This weight gain typically appears as a fat waistline, a large belly, a fat and thick neck, a double chin, and a fatty hump at the back of the neck, with relatively thin arms and legs². 

Another symptom that people with insulin resistance have is “acanthosis nigricans”. This condition causes dark, thick skin patches in the skin folds like the groin area, armpits, and neck³.

Other Insulin Resistance Symptoms Include

•  Lethargy³
•   Hunger³
• Difficulty concentrating³
• High blood pressure³

Insulin resistance increases your risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes^4,5.

The classic symptoms of diabetes include³: 

• Increased thirst and hunger
• Hunger even after eating
• Increased urination, more so at the night
• Tingling and numbness in the hands or feet
• Unusual exhaustion

Central obesity is the major cause of insulin resistance. It can further lead to high blood pressure, prediabetes, etc. (known as metabolic syndrome). Lifestyle changes can help avoid metabolic syndrome and further avoid any chronic lifestyle diseases.

Dr. Nikhil Yadav, MBBS MD, CCEBDM

Insulin Resistance Causes

The exact cause of insulin resistance is not known; however, it has primarily been linked to obesity and overweight. Excess fat accumulation around the belly leads to an inflammatory reaction, which starts insulin resistance^6,7.

Insulin resistance is identified as an impaired biologic response to insulin stimulation of target tissues, primarily the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Insulin resistance impairs glucose disposal, resulting in a compensatory increase in beta-cell insulin production and hyperinsulinemia. The most common causes include obesity and overweight. 

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

Is Insulin Resistance Reversible?

Losing weight can help reduce the severity of insulin resistance and, thereby, improve glucose metabolism in the body. This includes a radical shift in dietary and lifestyle habits. The onset of insulin resistance is only a warning sign as it may be reversed by adopting healthy lifestyle habits⁸.

Insulin Resistance Tests

• HbA1C test: is useful to assess long-term blood sugar control and tells us about average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months; however, it may not be a direct test for insulin resistance. HbA1C values can be interpreted as follows⁹:
  • Normal: <5.7 %.
  • Prediabetes: 5.7%-6.4%.
  •  Diabetes: >6.5%.
• A fasting blood sugar test may also be advised for checking current blood sugar levels.
• A fasting blood sugar test, a glucose tolerance test, and measurement of corresponding blood insulin levels can help diagnose insulin resistance at an early stage. A fasting or 3-hour post-meal or post-glucose-drink serum insulin level above 25 mIU/L (or 174 pmol/L) suggests insulin resistance^1,9.

How to Manage Insulin Resistance in Daily Life?

Living with insulin resistance can be rather difficult but it is not altogether impossible. Management of insulin resistance begins at home by altering your lifestyle habits, such as:

1. Exercise

Exercise is a universally recommended lifestyle habit for all people. An exercise routine of 30-60 minutes daily can be the solution for many health problems in the world, including insulin resistance.

Resistance training done with the help of resistance bands, dumbbells, or kettlebells may be effective against insulin resistance.

A combination of resistance training and aerobic training may help reduce your insulin resistance significantly, especially when tracked over a 3-month period¹⁰.

2. Sleep

Sleep is a highly compromised lifestyle element but a very important one in determining your overall health. Lack of sleep or poor quality of sleep can make you susceptible to health complications such as type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, and an array of infections over time. Many studies have been able to successfully establish a connection between increased insulin resistance and low levels of sleep¹¹.

3. Stress Management

Stress is another silent killer responsible for aggravating many health conditions in people around the world. Not only does chronic stress mess up your mental health but it also takes a toll on your physical health.

Stress prompts the body to go into fight or flight mode and triggers the release of the hormones catecholamines and glucocorticoids into the body¹².

Ongoing stress will keep your body on alert, leading to disturbance in glucose homeostasis, eventually leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. It is crucial that you try to keep your stress levels to a minimum by following these tips¹²:

• Exercise every day as it helps to release happy hormones.
• Practice meditation and breathing exercises.
• If you are going through a stressful time, ensure to get proper sleep and nutrition.
• Go out for a walk amidst nature, either alone or with a loved one.
• If you have recently bounced back from a stressful time, take a break and go on a short trip or weekend trip with your loved ones for rejuvenation.
• Explore music therapy every day for 15-30 minutes.
• Speak to a therapist or a friend, do not bottle up your stress.

4. Follow a Healthy Diet

Maintaining a nutritious and filling diet is important for a healthy lifestyle and keeping your insulin levels under check. Here are a few tips for changing your diet^13,14:

Incorporate insoluble fibre in your diet to bulk up your stools and soluble fibre to curb hunger pangs and reduce cholesterol. Foods that provide fibre include oatmeal, legumes, oranges and flaxseeds.

• Eat at least two servings of fruits and veggies each day to boost your immunity
• Carbohydrates are responsible for causing a spike in insulin levels, so you need to cut down on carbohydrate intake. You should eat smaller portions of carbs and focus on low-glycemic-index sources, such as quinoa, brown rice, whole-wheat pasta, sweet potatoes, and multigrain brown bread.
•  Reduce the consumption of added sugars by completely omitting processed and packaged foods, such as ice cream, cakes, cookies, candies, and aerated drinks.
•  Include herbs and spices in your daily meals, such as turmeric, garlic, ginger, cinnamon, black pepper and fenugreek. These herbs have many medicinal properties and may potentially help improve insulin sensitivity¹⁴.

5. Weight

When you have insulin resistance, irrespective of whether you have type 2 diabetes or not, you need to focus on losing a few pounds for your own health benefit. When starting on your weight loss journey, focus on belly fat reduction, which has been found to be directly linked with insulin resistance.

Also Read: 8 Sign & Symptoms Of Diabetes In Men

Conclusion

Insulin plays an important role in maintaining healthy blood sugar levels. When your body becomes resistant to it, your risk of diabetes and other health issues increases. Fortunately, insulin resistance can managed through healthy lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and stress management. Early detection and regular monitoring with your doctor can help you stay in control and prevent complications.

References

1. Wilcox G. Insulin and Insulin Resistance. Clinical Biochemist Reviews [Internet]. 2005 May;26(2):19–39. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1204764/
2. Pearson T, Wattis JAD, King JR, MacDonald IA, Mazzatti DJ. The Effects of Insulin Resistance on Individual Tissues: An Application of a Mathematical Model of Metabolism in Humans. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1;78(6):1189–217. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27306890/
3. Diabetes Overview [Internet]. CT.gov – Connecticut’s Official State Website. Available from: https://portal.ct.gov/SDE/Publications/Learning-and-Diabetes/Diabetes-Overview
4. Kosmas CE, Bousvarou MD, Kostara C, Evangelia Papakonstantinou, Evdokia Salamou, Guzman E. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Journal of International Medical Research. 2023 Mar 1;51(3): Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10069006/
5. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Insulin resistance & prediabetes [Internet]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2018. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance
6. Freeman AM, Pennings N. Insulin Resistance [Internet]. nih.gov. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507839/
7. Zatterale F, Longo M, Naderi J, Raciti GA, Desiderio A, Miele C, Beguinot F. Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol. 2020 Jan 29;10:1607. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01607. Avaiable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32063863/
8. Mingrone G, DeGaetano A, Greco AV, Capristo E, Benedetti G, Castagneto M, et al. Reversibility of insulin resistance in obese diabetic patients: role of plasma lipids. Diabetologia [Internet]. 1997 May;40(5):599–605. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9165230/
9. MedlinePlus. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test: MedlinePlus Lab Test Information [Internet]. Medlineplus.gov. 2022. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-a1c-hba1c-test/
10. Keshel TE. Exercise Training and Insulin Resistance: A Current Review. Journal of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy. 2015;5(5). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4625541/
11. Singh T, Ahmed TH, Mohamed N, Elhaj MS, Mohammed Z, Paulsingh CN, et al. Does insufficient sleep increase the risk of developing insulin resistance: A systematic review. Cureus. 2022 Mar 26;14(3). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9036496/
12. Sharma K, Akre S, Chakole S, Wanjari MB. Stress-Induced diabetes: A review. Cureus [Internet]. 2022 Sep 13;14(9):e29142. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9561544/
13. Tettamanzi F, Bagnardi V, Louca P, Nogal A, Monti GS, Mambrini SP, et al. A High Protein Diet Is More Effective in Improving Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Variability Compared to a Mediterranean Diet—A Cross-Over Controlled Inpatient Dietary Study. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 7;13(12):4380. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8707429/
14. Pereira ASP, Banegas-Luna AJ, Peña-García J, Pérez-Sánchez H, Apostolides Z. Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Some Common Herbs and Spices: Providing New Insights with Inverse Virtual Screening. Molecules [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1;24(22):4030. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/22/4030

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

3

1

Punarnavadi Mandoor: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Punarnavadi Mandoor is a polyherbal formulation that is rich in iron. It is an effective iron supplement mentioned in Ayurvedic Samhitas. Punarnava Mandoor is generally available in tablets and is mainly used to treat iron deficiency anaemia. The principal constituent of the formulation is Punarnava itself, a herb named Boerhavia Diffusa, with immense medicinal qualities¹. Sixteen different herbal ingredients are used to prepare Punarnavadi Mandoor namely, mandoor, iron oxide (ferric oxide) and gomutra (cow’s urine). The herbs that are used in the preparation are punarnava, trivrut, shunti, vidanga, devdaru, chitrak, kustha, haridra, amalaki, bibhitaki, haritaki, danti, chavya, kutaki, musta, and pippalimula¹. 

Uses of Punarnavadi Mandoor

Punarnavadi Mandoor has been in use since the inception of the Ayurvedic traditions. Ayurvedic medicine is one of the world’s oldest comprehensive therapies. Ayurvedic formulations are prescribed for various ailments to either manage their symptoms or improve health quality. Some of the significant properties of the formulation are its anti-inflammatory, diuretic, blood purifying, haematogenic and haematinic activities^1,2. 

Some of the qualities of the ingredients of the Punarnavadi Mandoor are: 

Punarnava

• Diuretic 
• Anti-inflammatory¹

Chitrak 

• Liver protective 
• Kidney protective¹

Danti 

• Blood purifier 
• Anti-inflammatory 
• Analgesic¹

Devdaru 

• Anthelminthic¹

Haridra 

• Anti-inflammatory 
• Hypoglycemic¹

Pippalimula 

• Liver protective 
• Antioxidant¹

Musta 

• Antipyretic¹

Kutaja 

• Arshoghna (relieves haemorrhoids) 
• Kandughna (relieves itching) 
• Stanyashodhana (Detoxifies and cleanses breast milk)¹

Suntha 

• Anti-inflammatory¹

Triphala 

• Longevity 
• Antibacterial 
• Antiviral¹

Trivrut 

• Anti-inflammatory 
• Antimicrobial 
• Liver protective 
• Laxative 
• Purgative¹

Vidanga 

• Anti-parasitic 
• Blood purifier¹

Mandoor 

• Iron source¹

Gomutra 

• Anti-bacterial¹

Punarnavadi mandoor is one of the Kharaliya Rasayan. Kharaliya Rasayan is known to have a long shelf life with increased treatment efficacy, decreased dose and duration in which it is used. Punarnavadi mandoor is an Ayurvedic medicine that is useful for multiple health conditions. It helps in decreasing cholesterol, creatinine and urea, improves blood quality and count, and removes toxins from the blood⁸.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor

1. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Iron Deficiency Anaemia

• Anaemia is a condition commonly caused due to an iron deficiency, and the state leads to reduced haemoglobin in the blood.
• Punarnavadi Mandoor is an excellent remedy to increase the iron levels in the body.
• It helps to reduce iron deficiency by improving the levels of ferritin.
• Ferritin is a protein that helps to store iron in the body¹. 

2. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Liver

• Fatty liver disease is one of the most common liver diseases.
• It is caused due to excess storage of fat in the liver. 
• Punarnavadi Mandoor is one of the ayurvedic remedies that can reduce fat accumulation in the liver.
• It reduces the accumulation of fat, improves liver functions, and induces the regeneration of liver cells¹. 

3. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Ascites (Fluid Accumulation)

• Ascites is a condition of excess fluid accumulation in the body’s cavities.
• Punarnavadi Mandoor can reduce the fluids in the body by increasing urine output without losing vital electrolytes from the body¹. 

4. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Skin

• Skin infections or blemishes may be related to impurities in the blood.
• Detoxifying the blood is considered to be the best solution to improve skin health as per Ayurveda.
• Punarnavadi Mandoor is one of the Ayurvedic remedies that can remove toxins from the blood and purify it, making it is very beneficial for improving skin health¹.

5. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Kidney

• Punarnavadi Mandoor is an excellent Ayurvedic preparation to improve blood counts in kidney patients.
• In addition to this, it can also purify and improve the quality of blood¹.
• Punarnavadi Mandoor can also help decrease the levels of urea, creatinine, and cholesterol.
• For better results, it may be prescribed in combination with Mutrakrichhantak churna for patients with kidney failure². 

6. Punarnavadi Mandoor for Geriatric Anaemia (Anaemia in Old Age)

• Anaemia is a prevalent ailment most of our elderly face today.
• The condition increases the risk of weakness leading to poor quality of life.
• The ingredients of Punarnavadi Mandoor work together to reduce iron deficiency anaemia in the elderly. 
• Mandoor Bhasma acts as the iron supplement in Punarnavadi Mandoor, and the herb Amalaki promotes its absorption in the body.
• The other herbs also improve absorption by enhancing appetite and digestion power³. 

7. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Stress

• Punarnavadi Mandoor is proven to possess anti-stress activity in laboratory studies.
• Once further investigations are done in humans, we could use this ayurvedic preparation to control stress⁴. 

8. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Deep Vein Thrombosis

• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a common problem in people with coagulation disorders.
• It manifests as the formation of blood clots in the veins of the legs.
• Punarnavadi Mandoor is one of the ayurvedic formulations found to be very beneficial in reducing the coagulation process and managing the symptoms of DVT.
• Punarnavadi Mandoor acts on the clotting factors by purifying the blood and reducing inflammation⁵. 

Punarnavadi mandoor is famous in Unani medicine too. It is used as an appetizer, as a reliever in joint pain and ophthalmia, keeps infections away, is an expectorant, relieves flatulence and is a reliable blood purifier⁹.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Punarnavadi Mandoor?

Punarnavadi Mandoor is usually prescribed to be taken orally by your Ayurvedic physician.  

• Punarnavadi Mandoor tablets¹ 
• Punarnavadi Mandoor with buttermilk to enhance its efficacy¹ 

Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dosage as per your health condition.

Side Effects of Punarnavadi Mandoor

One of the documented side effects of Punarnavadi Mandoor is 

• Drug-induced liver injury⁶. 

Precautions to Take with Punarnavadi Mandoor

• Punarnavadi Mandoor should not be taken if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.  
• Punarnavadi Mandoor may be used in Garbhini Pandu (iron deficiency during pregnancy). 
• However, do not take it without consulting your Ayurvedic physician².   

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Pusam P, Bhise DD, Gupta SL, Wadodkar DS, Scholar PG, Professor A, et al. A DETAILED CONCEPT OF PUNARNAVA MANDUR. European Journal of Biomedical And Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 2018 Feb [cited 2022 Feb 25];5(4). Available from: https://www.ejbps.com/ejbps/abstract_id/4191
2. Balajirao Kachare B, Gupta SL, Chavan S, Lodhe S, Shaha P, Scholar P, et al. A REVIEW ON PUNARNAVADI MANDUR. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Feb 25];8(11). Available from: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/1569832726.pdf  
3. Megha G. Pandya, Alankruta R. Dave. A clinical study of Punarnava Mandura in the management of Pandu Roga in old age (geriatric anemia). 2014 [cited 2022 Feb 25];35(3). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4649575/pdf/AYU-35-252.pdf
4. Gour R. Boerhaavia Diffusa Linn Plant: A Review-One Plant with Many Therapeutic Uses. Int Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine (IJPSM) [Internet]. 2021 Apr [cited 2022 Feb 26];6:25–41. Available from: https://ijpsm.com/Publish/Apr2021/V6I403.pdf 
5. Dr. Pusuluri YVSM Krishna, Wasedar Vishwanath S, Dani Harshikha. Effect of Punarnavadi Mandoor and Shiva Gutika in Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis – A Case Report | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 23]; Available from: https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/284
6. Dalal KK, Holdbrook T, Peikin SR. CASE REPORT Ayurvedic drug induced liver injury. World Journal of hepatology [Internet]. 2017 Nov [cited 2022 Feb 25];9(31). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5680208/pdf/WJH-9-1205.pdf 
7. Pahwa P, Kotwal S. A CASE STUDY ON THE AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY OPTIC ATROPHY. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Feb 25];7:679. Available from: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/1527757551.pdf  
8. Kachare BB, Gupta SL, Chavan S, Lodhe S, Shaha P. A review on Punarnavadi Mandur. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2019;8(11):522–529. Available from: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/1569832726.pdf
9. Bhowmik D, Sampath Kumar KP, Srivastava S, Paswan S, Dutta AS. Traditional Indian Herbs Punarnava and Its Medicinal Importance. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2012;1(1):52–57. Available from: https://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/5.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

21

1

Chitrakadi Vati: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Chitrakadi vati is well recognised as an Ayurvedic preparation¹. It is a polyherbal formulation containing nine ingredients of herbal origin: Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), maricha (Piper nigrum), pippali (Piper longum fruit), pippalimoola (Piper longum root), Chavya (Piper chaba), ginger (Zingiber officinale), hing (Ferula foetida/Ferula asafoetida), ajmoda (Apium leptophyllum), yava ksara (Hordeum vulgare) and panchalavana (Samudra, Sauvarchala, Saindhava, Vida, Audbhida)².

Uses of Chitrakadi Vati

The uses of Chitrakadi Vati are as follows: 

• It is commonly used to manage irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal tumours, rheumatoid arthritis, and appetite loss.  
• It is also used as a digestive tonic and carminative. Chitrak stimulates digestion and appetite and aids in dealing with leprosy, fever, oedema, and scabies^1,2.  
• Long pepper is an anti-asthmatic, laxative, anti-infective agent in urinary tract infections, aphrodisiac, carminative, and analgesic¹. 
• Black pepper is used as a diuretic and analgesic and for managing constipation, piles, and colic¹.  
• Ginger is used to deal with heart problems and acts as a carminative¹. 

According to Ayurveda, Chitrakadi vati might be useful in decreasing mouth dryness caused due to increased levels of vatta and pitta levels and decreased kapha levels in the body. Chitrakadi vati might stimulate saliva secretion¹³.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati

1. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Laxative Activity

• The laxative efficacy of extract of Chitrakadi vati at various doses was studied¹ in rats.
• The extract of Chitrakadi vati showed significant laxative action by increasing the stool output weight.
• The presence of long pepper and black pepper in Chitrakadi vati contribute to the laxative properties. 

2. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Ovulation

• According to a study³, Chitrakadi vati was one of the best medications for follicular rupturing tests.
• As a result, Chitrakadi vati was selected as a replacement for the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone for follicular rupture. 

3. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Liver

• Consumption of Chitrakadi gutika formulation (tablet of various herbs) and buttermilk was found to be effective in dealing with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by reversing the fatty infiltration of the liver⁴. 
• The liver-protective efficacy of extract of Chitraka roots was investigated in rats.
• The extract administration to rats dramatically reduced the serum marker levels, demonstrating that extract has a liver protective impact in restoring the hepatocytes’ normal function⁵. 

4. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Inflammation

• The anti-inflammatory activities of Chitraka leaf extract were studied⁵ in experimental animal models.
• The extract exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the prostaglandin synthesis and release. 

5. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Diabetes

• The antidiabetic effect of Chitraka roots extract was studied in rats.
• The root extract exhibited antidiabetic activity by increasing the hepatic hexokinase activity while decreasing serum acid phosphatase, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels.
• The active constituent of the extract, plumbagin, significantly reduced the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats⁵. 

6. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Digestion

• Dietary maricha stimulates pancreatic enzymes that improve digestion and reduce food transit time in the gastrointestinal tract.
• It also increases saliva production and gastric secretions and activates the salivary amylase enzyme.
• Maricha or piperine present in Chitrakadi vati on oral administration stimulates the release of bile acids from the liver, which are important in the digestion and absorption of lipids⁶. 

7. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Cholesterol

• Maricha inhibits cholesterol absorption while increasing cholesterol transporter protein translocation.
• It also improves digestion by assisting in the breakdown of bigger fat molecules into more easily digestible simple molecules and preventing fat storage in the body⁶. 

8. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Anti-diarrhoeal Activity

• The antidiarrhoeal effects of maricha extract were studied⁶ in rats at various doses.
• The extract was shown to have considerable anti-diarrhoeal, anti-motility, and anti-secretory activity due to the presence of alkaloids in maricha. 

9. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati in Managing Blood Clotting

• The effect of ginger extract on platelet thromboxane-B₂ and prostaglandin-E₂ synthesis was studied in rats.
• Oral administration of ginger at high doses is significantly effective in reducing serum prostaglandin-E₂ and thromboxane-B₂ levels.
• According to the findings, ginger can be employed as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent⁷. 

10. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Gastrointestinal Tract

• Traditional medicine has long employed the powdered rhizome of ginger to relieve the symptoms of gastrointestinal tract ailments.
• According to a study⁷ in mice, the extract of ginger and its components improved the gastrointestinal emptying of the charcoal meal.
• In humans, ginger has been shown to help prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting while not affecting stomach emptying. 

11. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati as an Antioxidant

• Several studies have revealed that ginger has potent antioxidant effects.
• The antioxidant effect of ginger has been proposed as one of the key probable reasons for the plant’s protective properties against radiation toxicity and lethality, as well as a variety of poisonous substances and potential as an anti-ulcer drug⁷. 
• The extracts of the Asafoetida plant showed antioxidant activity in experimental animals.
• Results of the study showed a reduction of lipid peroxidation levels in the liver of rats⁸. 

12. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Obesity

• The effects of F. asafoetida on weight gain and fat build-up in diabetic patients were researched.
• It was shown to reduce body weight, abnormal fat, and adipocyte cell size.
• As a result, it will be regarded a viable therapy option for diabetes-induced obesity⁸. 

13. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Immunomodulatory Activity

The extracts of chavya considerably boost lymphocyte proliferation, implying an immunomodulatory action, mainly through lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity activation⁹. 

In Ayurveda, Chitrakadi vati might help in reducing oedema in the legs and hands (extremities) caused due to ama dosha¹³.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Chitrakadi Vati?

Chitrakadi vati can be used as: 

• Chitrakadi vati extract¹ 
• Chitrakadi dutika (pills)¹⁰ 

Side Effects of Chitrakadi Vati

Some side effects are observed due to the following constituents of Chitrakadi vati: 

• Chitraka: Excessive use of the chitraka plant has toxic effects. Irritation burning of the tongue, throat, stomach and other body regions can be seen. It can also cause nausea, vomiting, dysuria, diarrhoea, burning sensation while urinating, a weak pulse, wrinkled skin, and cold skin¹¹. 
• Ginger: It may cause heartburn, mild diarrhoea, gastric irritation and allergy⁷. 
• Hing: Its extracts have been investigated and proven safe for everyday usage. Large doses of asafoetida can cause mouth swelling, digestive problems such as flatulence and diarrhoea, nervousness, and headaches⁸.  

Generally, according to Ayurveda, ama and vatta doshas can create joint pain. In such cases, Chitrakadi vati might be useful in reducing joint pain¹³.

Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS

Also Read: Green Chilli: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Chitrakadi Vati

You should keep the following points in mind: 

• In pregnancy, the utilisation of chitraka plants can irritate pelvic organs and ultimately cause abortion¹¹. 
• The gum of closely related species of Hing may irritate the skin and stomach, resulting in dermatosis¹². 
• Because it affects the menstrual cycle and is an abortifacient, Hing should not be used during pregnancy or lactation^8,12. 
• Foetal haemoglobin is oxidised with asafoetida use, whereas adult haemoglobin is not. Children should not be given this medication since it may cause methaemoglobinemia¹². 

Also Read: Abhayarishta: Uses, Benefits & How to Use It

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Kumar A, Deepa L, Lakshman K, Satish KV, Chandra Shekar KB, Narayan Swamy VB, et al. Evaluation of laxative activity of Chitrakadi vati, an ayurvedic formulation in rats. Pharmacologyonline [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2022 Feb 28];1:420-3. Available from: https://pharmacologyonline.silae.it/files/archives/2007/vol1/44_Kumar.pdf
2. Khanvilkar V, Patil L, Kadam V. Standardization of Chitrakadi Vati: An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Feb 28];6(4):303-9. Available from: https://www.ijpsdr.com/index.php/ijpsdr/article/view/359/323
3. Shukla K, Karunagoda K, Sata N, Pandya MA. Evaluation of the role of Chitrakadi Vati in the management of Bandhyatva w.s.r to anovulation (as a consequence of unruptured follicle). AYU [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 Feb 28];30(4):392-6. Available from: https://www.ayujournal.org/temp/Ayu304392-5572047_152840.pdf
4. Chandran A, Mahadevan L, Nisha MG. Clinical Efficacy of Chitrakadi Gutika in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Case Study. Int J AYUSH Case Reports [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb28];5(4):237-41. Available from: https://www.ijacare.in/index.php/ijacare/article/view/250/203
5. Shukla B, Saxena S, Usmani S, Kushwaha P. Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of Plumbago zeylanica L.: a medicinal plant review. Clin Phytosci [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb28];7(1):34. Available from: https://clinphytoscience.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40816-021-00271-7.pdd
6. Saleem A, Naureen I, Naeem M, Tasleem G, Ahmed H, Farooq U. Therapeutic Role of Piper Nigrum L (Black Pepper) and Pharmacological Activities. Sch Int J Biochem [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Feb 28];5(1):15-21. Available from: https://saudijournals.com/media/articles/SIJB_51_15-21.pdd
7. Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2022 Feb 28];46(2):409-20. Available from: https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085
8. Amalraj A, Gopi S. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Asafoetida: A review. J Trad Complementary Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 28];7(3):347-59. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506628/
9. ) Islam MT, Hasan J, Snigdha HS, Ali ES, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, et al. Chemical profile, traditional uses, and biological activities of Piper chaba Hunter: A review. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Feb 28];257:112853. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32283191/
10. Chetty KM. Pharmaceutical studies and therapeutic uses of Plumbago zeylanica L. roots (Chitraka, Chitramulamu). Ethnobotanical Leaflets [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2022 Feb28];10:294-304. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215649528_Pharmaceutical_Studies_and_Therapeutic_Uses_of_Plumbago_Zeylanica_L_Roots_Chitraka_Chitramulamu
11. ) Choudhary S, Kaurav H, Chaudhary G. Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica): A Potential Rejuvenator.Int J Res Appl Sci Biotechnol [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 28];8(2):202-12. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350798692_Citraka_Plumbago_zeylanica_A_Potential_Rejuvenator
12. Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC press; 2002 Jun 27 [cited 2022 Feb 28]; Page No: Available from: https://www.enpab.it/images/2018/James_A.Duke-_Handbook_of_Medicinal_Herbs.pd
13. Parihar BK, Kadibagil VR, Ganti BY. Role of Chitrakadi Vati in Grahani Roga. Int Ayurvedic Medical J. 2016;4(2):121–124. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348704184_ROLE_OF_CHITRAKADI_VATI_IN_GRAHANI_ROGA

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Shallaki (Boswellia serrata): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Shallaki is one of the ancient herbs in Ayurveda. It is significantly valued. Shallaki (Sanskrit) is also called Boswellia serrata, in botanical terms. It belongs to the Burseraceae family. It is a moderate-large-sized branching tree. The plant grows in the hilly region of India, the Middle East, and Northern Africa¹.

In India, it is found in the dry hilly forests of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Orissa, Assam, and central peninsular regions of Assam and Andhra Pradesh.

The oleo gum resin of Shallaki is used in various Ayurvedic and Unani preparations. Generally, it is used in making incense powder and sticks². 

Other Names of Shallaki

• Shallaki in Ayurveda
• Salai in Hindi
• Kundur in Unani
• Indian Frankincense &Indian Olibanum in English³.
• Dhup & Gugali in Gujarati
• Salai & Kundur in Bengali
• Saambraani & Phirangi in Telegu
• Parangi & Saambraani in Tamil & Malayalam
• Guguladhuph & Chitta in Kannada¹  

Chemical Composition of Shallaki

The extract of Shallaki contains sugars, essential oil, volatile oil, terpenoids, and several pentacyclic triterpene acids like β-boswellic acid⁴.  

Uses of Shallaki

Shallaki contains marked anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. It has antiseptic and astringent properties that might be beneficial in managing dysentery, piles, diarrhoea, ulcers, skin diseases, tumours, and genitourinary disorders. The oleo-gum resin of Shallaki contains boswellic acid that has analgesic, antitumor, and sedative properties³.  

Benefits of Shallaki

1. Immune System Modulatory Benefits of Shallaki

• Gum resin extract of Shallaki was evaluated for immunomodulatory activity.
• Its anti-anaphylactic and mast cell stabilising activity was observed in a rat model.
• Inhibition of degranulation of the mast cell was observed, thus, indicating cell stabilising activity.
• It also inhibited the anaphylaxis reaction (an acute allergic reaction to an antigen that has become hypersensitive to the body) in a rat model². 

2. Liver Protective & Lipid Reducing Benefits of Shallaki

• The aqueous extract of Shallaki exhibited hypolipidemic activity by reducing the total cholesterol and increasing the high-density lipoprotein levels in a rat model.
• According to animal studies², the alcoholic extract of Shallaki exhibited hepatoprotective potential by reducing the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum enzymes, and aminotransferase. 

3. Antidiarrhoeal Benefits of Shallaki

• The extract of Shallaki exhibited antidiarrhoeal activity in patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome without causing constipation².
• Inflammatory bowel disease is a condition in which there is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and includes conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. 

4. Benefits of Shallaki for Managing Diabetes

• Herbal formulation containing Shallaki as one of the ingredients was evaluated for hypoglycaemic activity.
• It exhibited anti-diabetic activity by reducing blood glucose levels in a rat model².
• As per animal studies, the extract of Shallaki has the potential for inhibiting the destruction of islet and results in hypoglycaemia⁵. 

5. Anti-Cancer Benefits of Shallaki

According to animal studies², alcoholic extract of Shallaki exhibited anti-cancer activity by inhibiting the growth of tumours via the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell growth by interfering with the biosynthesis of protein, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid. 

6. Benefits of Shallaki in Managing Arthritis

• Extract of Shallaki was evaluated for anti-arthritic activity.
• It exhibited anti-arthritic activity by inhibiting the paw oedema in various rat and mice models.
• It also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity that can be beneficial in managing arthritis². 

7. Antimicrobial Benefits of Shallaki

The essential oil from the bark of Shallaki was studied against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

8. Benefits of Shallaki as an Anti-asthmatic

The alcoholic extract of Shallaki improved the physical symptoms of dyspnoea, increase in stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, number of attacks, and mobilisation of intracellular calcium in 70% of the patients with a prolonged history of asthma². 

9. Benefits of Shallaki to Prevent Fibrosis

• The effect of Shallaki was evaluated in an animal model of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
• It reduced the increased number of neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage in the rat model.
• The blocking of 5-lipoxygenase by Shallaki extract may prevent fibrosis progression⁵. 

10. Anti-ulcer Benefits of Shallaki

• The protective properties of Shallaki were evaluated in an animal model.
• Shallaki exhibited anti-ulcer effects, which might be an increase in gastric mucosal resistance, inhibition of leukotriene synthesis, or local synthesis of cytoprotective prostaglandins⁵.

11. Benefits of Shallaki as an Anticoagulant

• In Ayurvedic medicine records, it is mentioned that Shallaki has haemostatic, cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory effects.
• The stem bark gum resin extract of Shallaki was investigated for antithrombotic and anti-oxidative properties.
• The aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of Shallaki inhibited lipid peroxidation in liver and heart tissue homogenate of rats.
• It also inhibited adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation, thereby exhibiting antithrombic, antioxidant, and anticoagulant activities⁵. 

I stumbled upon an interesting study that suggests Shallaki might be a fantastic natural option for tackling pain and inflammation. They conducted the study on rats and tested various extracts of Shallaki. And you know what they found? It turns out that Shallaki might have some impressive anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects⁸.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Safed Musli – Uses, Benefits & Precautions

How to Use Shallaki?

Generally, Shallaki is consumed as:  

• Capsule 
• Bark decoction 
• Tablet¹  

It is advisable to consult your physician before consuming Shallaki. 

I found something fascinating about Shallaki. It appears that the resin extract from Shallaki might have shown some powerful properties in rats. It may act as both an anti-inflammatory and an antioxidant agent. But here’s the really exciting part: it might offer protection to certain neurons in the brain and may also improve motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease. These findings hint at the potential of Shallaki as a natural remedy for Parkinson’s disease⁹.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Side Effects of Shallaki 

There are a few side effects observed with the utilisation of Shallaki. These are mostly mild and transient gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhoea, nausea, or constipation⁴. 

Also Read: Black Salt – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Precautions to Take with Shallaki

Keep the following points in mind: 

• Use cautiously in patients taking leukotriene inhibitors⁶.  
• Avoid consuming Shallaki during breastfeeding and pregnancy period, as there is not enough scientific data available on its safe use during breastfeeding and pregnancy. 

I would recommend Shallaki if you’re dealing with cervical spondylosis. It might be a game-changer for you. A study was done on a group of people with cervical spondylosis, and they were given Shallaki capsules. Surprisingly, they experienced significant improvements. Their pain reduced, their flexibility increased, and even symptoms like headaches and numbness got better. The best part is that Shallaki was well-tolerated, with no reported side effects¹⁰.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Interactions with Other Drugs

Shallaki (Boswellia serrata) might interact with anti-neoplastic agents and leukotriene inhibitors⁶. 

Also Read: Masoor Dal – Uses, Benefits & Precautions

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Siddiqui MZ. Boswellia Serrata, A Potential Antiinflammatory Agent: An Overview. Indian J Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2011 May [cited 2022 Feb 17];73(3):255. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22457547/

2. Upaganlawar A, Ghule B. Pharmacological Activities of Boswellia serrata Roxb.-Mini Review. Ethnobot Leafl. 2009;13:766–74. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200126782_Pharmacological_Activities_of_Boswellia_serrata_Roxb 

3. Boswellia serrata — Vikaspedia. No Title [Internet]. Available from: https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/boswellia-serrata  

4. Boswellia Serrata Herbal and Dietary Supplements. 2020;(Md). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563692/  

5. Vuddanda PR, Singh S, Velaga S. Boswellic acid – Medicinal use of an ancient herbal remedy. J Herb Med [Internet]. 2016;6(4):163–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2016.08.002 

6. Posadzki P, Watson L, Ernst E. Herb-drug interactions: An overview of systematic reviews. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75(3):603–18. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225274961_Herb drug_interactions_An_overview_of_systematic_reviews  

7. Ghodela NK, Prasad P, Kumar V, Dudhamal T. Wound healing potential of gums & oleo-gum-resins: a brief review. Glob J Res Med Plants Indig Med [Internet]. 2017;6(January 2018):89–94. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322717048_WOUND_HEALING_POTENTIAL_OF_GUMS_OLEO-GUM-RESINS_A_BRIEF_REVIEW

8. Sharma A, Bhatia S, Kharya MD, Gajbhiye V, Ganesh N, Namdeo AG, Mahadik KR. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of different fractions of Boswellia serrata. Int J Phytomed. 2010;2(1):94-9. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242721376_Anti-inflammatory_and_analgesic_activity_of_different_fractions_of_Boswellia_serrata

9. Doaee P, Rajaei Z, Roghani M, Alaei H, Kamalinejad M. Effects of Boswellia serrata resin extract on motor dysfunction and brain oxidative stress in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019 May-Jun;9(3):281-290. PMID: 31143695; PMCID: PMC6526039. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6526039/

10. Pandey S, Kumar Y, Sharma A. Clinical evaluation of Shallaki Niryas (Boswellia serrata) in the management of Grivaasthi Sandhi Gata Vata (cervical spondylosis). Int Ayurvedic Med J. 2013;1(2):March-April. Available from: https://www.iamj.in/public/article/doi/4.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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8 Sign & Symptoms Of Diabetes In Men

Introduction

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects the manner in which the body processes blood sugar. It is a chronic disease and cannot be cured. Our genes contribute a lot towards our susceptibility to suffering from diabetes but so does our lifestyle. Unhealthy food habits coupled with a sedentary routine can increase the odds of suffering from this disease.

While anyone can get it irrespective of gender, age or social strata, the number of men suffering is high¹. One has to seek immediate medical treatment for this disease as a delay in getting medical help might adversely affect your heart, eyes, blood vessels, nerves and kidneys. There are many early warning signs and symptoms of diabetes in men. In any case, consult a doctor and never take medicines on your own, as it might lead to severe complications.

Symptoms of Diabetes

1. Excessive Thirst and Hunger

Since the level of blood sugar is high, it extracts fluids from the cells making the patient feel excessively thirsty. People suffering from diabetes feel hungry frequently because of the body’s inability to efficiently utilize blood sugar to be converted to energy. If you find yourself drinking gallons of water or gorging on food suddenly, talk to your doctor².

2. Frequent Urination

People who suffer from diabetes start using the washroom frequently. Excessive thirst leads to frequent urination. Most men suffer from broken sleep at night. Older patients may even experience bed-wetting. The body tries to expel the extra glucose in the blood through urine. That is another reason for frequent urination².

3. Fatigue

If you have generally been feeling low-key and suffering from tiredness and lethargy without any obvious reasons, you may have diabetes. Unexplained fatigue and listlessness are due to inefficient usage of energy. A glucose test will provide you with clarity so get one done immediately³.

Read More:  10 Foods to Fight Fatigue

4. Unexplained Weight Loss

Men suffering from diabetes often present with unintentional weight loss. The body is unable to use blood sugar to transform it into energy. This leads to sudden weight loss. If you have lost weight without any reason, please consult your doctor².

5. Skin Infections

Due to high sugar levels in the blood, men suffering from diabetes fall prey to skin infections very often. This could be genital itching or even thrush. The high sugar proves to be a perfect breeding ground for fungus which causes these infections⁴.

Adding to the symptoms mentioned in the blog burning pain in the legs and feet are also a symptom of diabetes. Regular blood sugar screening is recommended if you are experiencing any of the above.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatric)

6. Vision Loss

Men suffering from undiagnosed diabetes may experience blurred vision and rarely loss of eyesight. The high glucose levels in the body are harmful for most organs ,at times the eyes are the first to suffer. Seek treatment immediately if you have a sudden dip in your eyesight².

7. Slow-healing Wounds

Men who suffer from diabetes find that their cuts and wounds take longer to heal. High blood sugar reduces immunity and affects the body’s ability to heal itself. Since the situation can exacerbate gangrene and even can lead to amputation, if you have a wound that is not healing, seek expert medical guidance⁵.

8. Erectile Dysfunction

Men suffering from diabetes experience erectile dysfunction. There are several mechanisms responsible for such kind of Erectile Dysfunction in diabetes. To name a few, impaired function of nerves, hindrance with the blood flow and psychological issues associated with diabetes are the common ones.  It is important to be aware of false advertisements of many supplements  and medicines that claim to cure ED. One must avoid self-medicating and always consult a doctor beforehand⁶.

Diabetes especially type 2 is commonly related to erectile dysfunction as high blood sugar over long periods of time can damage nerves and blood vessels causing problems with getting or keeping an erection firm enough.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, MBBS, MD in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Want to manage your diabetes effectively? Book your free diabetes consultation from our experts!

Risk Factors for Diabetes in Men

Many factors contribute to or increase your chances for diabetes and its related complications, some of them include:

• A sudden increase in weight or obesity for long period of time
• Excessive smoking
• High blood pressure or high cholesterol
• Lack of  physical activity, having a sedentary lifestyle 
• Age above 45 years
• 1st degree family member with Type 2 Diabetes

How Can You Delay the Onset of Diabetes in Men?

Quitting or reducing daily smoking, engaging in some amount of daily physical activity, maintaining a well-balanced diet and keeping a check on your weight are good measures to reduce the risk of diabetes. Keeping a constant check at intervals on your blood glucose level also helps.

If you have a family history of diabetes and already have been diagnosed with borderline diabetes, certain changes in lifestyle can benefit your physical and mental well-being while also keeping your diabetes in check. Balancing your meals by putting in enough protein, vitamins and leafy vegetables will improve your bodily health. An even mixture of starch, fruits, vegetables, healthy fats and protein comprises a good, balanced and well-made meal.  

Avoiding excess sugar, like carbonated drinks, fizzy sugary juices, sodas, candies and sweets is the key to keeping your diabetes level low. You can indulge in one or two sugary treats once in a while, however, consuming them in moderation is important.

Also Read: Diabetes: The Silent Killer Sweeping Across India

References

1. Pradeepa R, Shreya L, Anjana RM, Jebarani S, Venkatesan U, Kamal Raj N, Swami OC, Mohan V. Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Profile and Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Seen at a Private Tertiary Diabetes Care Centre in India. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jun 2;11(11):1634. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11111634. PMID: 37297774; PMCID: PMC10252405. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10252405/
2. CDC. Symptoms of Diabetes [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2024 May 15 [cited 2025 Oct 16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/signs-symptoms/index.html
3. Fritschi C, Quinn L. Fatigue in patients with diabetes: a review. J Psychosom Res. 2010 Jul;69(1):33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.021. Epub 2010 Mar 23. PMID: 20630261; PMCID: PMC2905388. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2905388/
4. David P, Singh S, Ankar R. A Comprehensive Overview of Skin Complications in Diabetes and Their Prevention. Cureus. 2023 May 13;15(5):e38961. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38961. PMID: 37313065; PMCID: PMC10259731. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10259731/
5. Burgess JL, Wyant WA, Abdo Abujamra B, Kirsner RS, Jozic I. Diabetic Wound-Healing Science. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Oct 8;57(10):1072. doi: 10.3390/medicina57101072. PMID: 34684109; PMCID: PMC8539411. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34684109/
6. Defeudis G, Mazzilli R, Tenuta M, Rossini G, Zamponi V, Olana S, Faggiano A, Pozzilli P, Isidori AM, Gianfrilli D. Erectile dysfunction and diabetes: A melting pot of circumstances and treatments. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2022 Feb;38(2):e3494. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3494. Epub 2021 Sep 21. PMID: 34514697; PMCID: PMC9286480. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9286480/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this

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