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Flaxseed Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Foods with great nutritional value are in high demand today as people become more health conscious.  Flaxseeds is one such crop that has grown both in cultivation and health benefits since civilisation began. Scientifically flaxseed is named Linum usitatissimum L, which literally means very useful. It belongs to the family Linaceae. The fibre present in the plant is one of the oldest fibres existing. Flaxseed oil, also known as flax oil is prepared from ground and pressed flaxseeds to extract their natural oil. Around 3000 B.C., the ancient Egyptians employed flaxseed for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. India, Canada, China, United States and Ethiopia are the major producers of flaxseed. Flaxseeds contain a large number of lignans, fibre, α-linolenic acid and omega-3 fatty acids1,2. Let’s read more about flaxseed oil benefits and properties.  

Did you know?

  • Flaxseed oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for brain health and may help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. source: Alzheimer’s Association

Nutritional Value of Flaxseed Oil

The nutritional value of flaxseed oil per 100g is as follows: 

Together with these, flaxseed oil contains omega-3 fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), oleic, palmitic, linolenic and lignans1.

Properties of Flaxseed Oil

Flaxseed oil may possess the following properties: 

Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Overall Health

1. Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Cancer

cancer

Flaxseed oil contains alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which may control breast cancer growth. It may help to lower the estrogen receptor, which might help stop the growth of cancer cells in the breast. Flaxseed also contains lignans which show antioxidant properties. Due to their estrogen-like activity, lignans resemble the effects of the hormone estrogen. These are helpful in estrogen metabolism, which is related to ovarian cancer and improved health. It may also be helpful in colon and skin cancer1,2. As cancer is a severe condition, kindly consult the doctor for proper treatment. Do not self-medicate.  

2. Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Wound Healing

wound healing

Generally, a deficiency of essential fatty acids results in poor wound healing. Flaxseed oil is a rich source of essential fatty acids with linoleic acid (omega-6) and α-linolenic acid (omega-3). These components may regulate prostaglandin synthesis, which may fasten wound healing1. Even so, kindly consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment, and do not self-medicate as it may cause pain. 

3. Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Hair

hair

The anti-inflammatory activity and omega-3 fatty acids in flaxseed oil may help hair growth. It may moisturise the damaged hair after application. It may also help increase the volume of hair. In addition, it may help soothe the scalp4. However, more research is needed on the benefits of flaxseed oil for hair. Kindly consult a professional for better results. 

4. Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Skin

good for skin

Flaxseed oil contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic acids, gamma-linolenic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid. These molecules are an essential part of our skin but are usually deficient in our diet. A healthy intake of flaxseed oil with a proper consultation from a nutritionist may help you fix these deficiencies. It may be appropriate for all skin types, including oily, dry and normal. Psoriasis and sunburns may also recover faster with flaxseed oil2,4. Even so, you must consult the doctor before using flaxseed oil instead of relying on flaxseed oil for solving your skin problems, as it may cause side effects. 

5. Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Cholesterol

cholesterol

Alpha-linolenic acid present in the flaxseed oil may help reduce triglycerides. It may also lower the very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) or bad cholesterol in the liver. However, more research is needed to demonstrate the effects of flaxseed oil on human cholesterol levels2. So, please consult the doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Do not self-medicate.

6. Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Cardiovascular Health

heart

Flaxseed oil contains ALA, which may lower the risk of heart disease through various biological pathways. For example, it may help regulate platelet function, blood vessel health, inflammation, and arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). In addition, a study2 conducted at Boston’s Simmons College shows that flax seed oil protects against heart attacks and circulation issues. Kindly consult the doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Do not attempt to self-medicate since conditions could worsen.  

7. Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Haemorrhoids and Constipation

Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are a condition characterized by swollen and inflammatory veins located around the anus or in the lower part of the body. Flaxseed oil may facilitate stool passage in the intestines due to its fibrous structure. It may also be beneficial for constipation2. However, more research is needed to check the effects of flaxseed oil on constipation and haemorrhoids. Kindly consult the doctor for an accurate diagnosis and treatment. 

Flaxseed oil has many health benefits. It is a rich source of fibre. Because of this, it may be extremely useful for various digestive diseases like constipation, diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome, etc6.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

8. Potential Uses of Flaxseed Oil for Gout

gout

Gout is a form of arthritis with symptoms such as pain, redness, tenderness and swelling in one or more joints, especially in one or both of the big toes. Alpha-linolenic acid in flaxseed may help reduce inflammation in the joints. It may also reduce the cholesterol level raised by gout. Flaxseed oil in gout may reduce swelling and joint pain2. However, more research is required to study the effects of flaxseed oil on gout. Do not self-medicate, as it may cause serious adverse effects. Kindly consult the doctor for better health results. 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of flaxseed oil in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of flaxseed oil on human health.  

How to Use Flaxseed Oil?

Flaxseed oil can be used as follows: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking flaxseed oil in large quantities or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Flaxseed oil is a rich source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. According to some results, omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation. Due to these properties, flaxseed oil may have a beneficial effect in correcting dry eyes, especially in Sjogren’s syndrome7.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Side Effects of Flaxseed Oil

Avoid flaxseed oil if you are allergic to it. It may show as symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and intestinal or abdominal pain5.

Precautions to Take with Flaxseed Oil

Following are the precautions to take with flaxseed oil: 

Interactions with Other Drugs

The interactions of flaxseed oil with some drugs are as follows: 

Also Read: Coconut Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Does flaxseed oil have any benefit in migraine? 

No. However, more research is needed to know the effects of flaxseed oil on migraine. Kindly consult a doctor. 

Is flaxseed oil good for vision? 

No. However, more research is required to determine the impact of flaxseed oil on the eyes. 

Is flaxseed oil helpful in leprosy? 

No. However, more studies are needed to prove the effects of flaxseed oil in leprosy. So, please consult the doctor for diagnosis and treatment.  

State the properties of flaxseed oil. 

Flaxseed oil may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, and cardioprotective properties1,3. However, these effects need to be confirmed by further researches. Kindly consult a doctor for better health results. 

Is flaxseed oil safe for pregnant women? 

No. You must consult a gynaecologist before using flaxseed oil and do not try to self-medicate5

References

  1. Goyal A, Sharma V, Upadhyay N, Gill S, Sihag M. Flax and flaxseed oil: an ancient medicine & modern functional food. Journal of food science and technology. 2014 Sep;51(9):1633-53. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13197-013-1247-9 
  2. Moghaddasi MS. Linseed and usages in Human life. Advances in Environmental Biology. 2011 May 1:1380-93. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279624127_Linseed_and_Usages_in_Humanlife 
  3. FoodData Central. Flaxseed oil. [Internet]. Department of Agriculture. [Cited 2022, Oct 11] Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1103860/nutrients 
  4. Fale SK, Umekar MJ, Das R, Alaspure MR. A comprehensive study of herbal cosmetics prepared from flaxseed. Multidisciplinary International Research Journal of Gujarat Technological University. 2022;4:106-2. Available from: https://researchjournal.gtu.ac.in/News/10.PCP349.pdf 
  5. Basch E, Mphil SB, Collins J, Dacey C, Harrison M, Szapary P. Flax and flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum): a review by. J Soc Integr Oncol. 2007;5(3):92-105. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6079415_Flax_and_Flaxseed_Oil_Linum_usitatissimum_A_Review_by_the_Natural_Standard_Research_Collaboration 
  6. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil: Usefulness and Safety. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health; [updated Feb 2025; cited 2026 Jan 19]. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/flaxseed-and-flaxseed-oil
  7. The Mount Sinai Health System. Patient Care and Services [Internet]. New York, NY: Mount Sinai; [cited 2026 Jan 19]. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/care

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Persimmon (Amlok) Fruit: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Have you ever wondered which fruit twins with oranges? It is persimmon! A fibrous, fleshy, deciduous and tropical fruit. The scientific name of persimmon is Diospyros kaki, and it belongs to the family Ebenaceae. Persimmons are commonly cultivated in countries like Japan, China, Korea, Brazil, Italy and Turkey. However, the maximum production of persimmon is from China. There are about 400 species of persimmon, did you know? It is the fifth fastest-developing fruit crop in the world! Persimmons have been gaining popularity due to their hidden health benefits1,2. Let us have a glance at some of them. 

Nutritional Value of Persimmon Fruit

Persimmon fruits may contain several bioactive compounds like proanthocyanidins, catechins, triterpenoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, polyphenols and many more. Additionally, persimmon fruit may contain the following nutrients: 

Properties of Persimmon Fruit

Several studies have shown that persimmon fruit may have the following properties1

Persimmon fruit is highly nutritious and packed with vitamins, polyphenols, and dietary fibre. Fermented versions of Persimmon fruit might be associated with helping in around 15% weight reduction and reduced liver and abdominal fat13.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Persimmon (Amlok) Fruit for Overall Health

Some of the potential uses of persimmon fruit are: 

1. Potential Use of Persimmon Fruit for Heart

heart health

A study4 by Buelga et al. in 2000 showed that bioactive proanthocyanidins in persimmon fruit might help lower blood pressure. It may also reduce the risk of platelet aggregation and thereby reduce the occurrence of thrombosis. Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot blocks the arteries or veins. Persimmon can also enhance nitric oxide production in the body, which may further relax the blood vessels to improve blood flow. In these ways, persimmon may be beneficial in reducing the risk of heart diseases2,4. However, more studies on humans are yet to be done to check the effect of persimmon fruit for heart conditions. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you have any symptoms of heart disease and not just rely on persimmons. 

2. Potential Use of Persimmon Fruit for Lowering Cholesterol

cholesterol

A study5 by Gorinstein et al. in 2000 on rats suggested that persimmon fruit may reduce bad cholesterol levels and triglycerides. This may be attributed to its antioxidants like lycopene and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG)2,5. However, these are data from animal studies, and further studies on humans are yet to be done. Therefore, you must consult your doctor for abnormal cholesterol levels instead of self-medicating. 

3. Potential Use of Persimmon Fruit for Diabetes

Home Remedies For Diabetes

There are possible persimmon fruit benefits for the management of diabetes. A study6 by Lee et al. In 2007 showed that proanthocyanidins in persimmon might inhibit the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase.  These enzymes may metabolize carbohydrates into glucose which enters the bloodstream. This may delay glucose uptake in the blood, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. Additionally, persimmon fruit may inhibit the rapid absorption of glucose after eating carbohydrate-rich meals, which may inhibit the spike of blood sugar levels2,6,7. However, more studies are required to check if persimmon fruit may be beneficial for the management of diabetes. Therefore, you must check your blood glucose level regularly and consult your doctor in case of a high blood glucose level. 

4. Potential Use of Persimmon Fruit for Cancer

cancer

A study8 by Jo et al. in 2011 showed that persimmon fruit might inhibit cancer cell growth. Bioactive compounds like carotenoids and catechins in persimmon fruit may be beneficial for breast, prostate, oral and blood cancer2,8. However, more studies are required to confirm if persimmon fruit can help in cancer. Cancer is a dangerous disease; therefore, you must get proper treatment instead of self-medicating. 

5. Potential Use of Persimmon Fruit for Skin

good for skin

A study9 by Jeun An et al. in 2005 showed that persimmon leaf extract might be beneficial for various skin problems like skin eruptions, eczema (inflammation of the skin) and acne. This use may be due to bioactive compounds like flavonoids, catechins, β-carotenes, tannins, organic acids and vitamins B1, B2, C, and K9. However, more studies are required to assess persimmon fruit benefits for skin. 

6. Potential Use of Persimmon Fruit for Bacterial Infections

infection

A study10 by Matsumura et al. in 2017 showed that tannins present in persimmon might act against bacteria like those of the Mycobacterium species, which may cause lung infections. Additionally, it may reduce inflammation caused due to bacterial infections10. However, further studies are required to check if persimmon fruit may be used in case of bacterial infections. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect a bacterial infection. 

7. Potential Use of Persimmon Fruit for Eyes

healthy eyes

A study15 by Seddon et al. in 1994 showed that lutein, a bioactive compound in persimmon, may protect the macula part of the eye from damage. The macula is a yellow spot at the back of the retina in the eyes, which is responsible for the central vision. Lutein (a carotenoid) present in persimmon fruit is also found in the macula of the eye2. However, further research is yet to be done to check if persimmon can be used to protect the macula from damage. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if your vision is hampered. 

Though studies show the benefits of persimmon fruit in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of persimmon fruit on human health. 

According to my observations, an increase in free radicals can lead to oxidative stress that results in cell damage. As Persimmon fruit is packed with bioactive compounds such as proanthocyanidins, tannins, carotenoids, etc., it can act as an antioxidant and might aid in coping with cell damage14.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Persimmon (Amlok) Fruit?

Persimmons can be included in your diet in the following way: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking persimmon fruit in large quantities or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor 

Side Effects of Persimmon Fruit

A clinical trial has shown that persimmon fruit side effects may be as follows. However, additional large-scale studies are required to confirm the following side effects, as typically, this fruit is not known to produce any serious side effects: 

You must consult your doctor if you experience any side effects after consuming persimmon fruit. 

Also Read: Praval Pishti: Uses, Benefits and Side effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Precautions to Take with Persimmon Fruit

Adequate precautions should be taken before consuming persimmon fruit, like any other medicine. Pregnant women and lactating mothers should be extra cautious. Likewise, before giving persimmon fruit to the elderly or children, precautions should be taken. Therefore, it is suggested to consult a doctor before using persimmon fruit for these individuals in case of any medical conditions.   

Also Read: Cantaloupe: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Interactions with Other Drugs

There are not enough studies on the interaction of persimmon with other drugs. Further studies on the interaction of persimmon fruit are yet to be done. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming persimmon fruits. 

Also Read: Elephant Yam (Suran): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are persimmon fruit benefits? 

There are several persimmon health benefits. It may protect the macula, improve heart health and lower cholesterol levels. It may also be used against bacterial infections and diseases like diabetes. In addition, persimmon fruit may benefit the skin. However, you must consult your doctor if you have any diseases instead of self-medicating1,2,4,10.

What are the side effects of eating too many persimmons? 

Persimmon may cause pruritis (itchy skin), urticaria (swelling, redness and itching on the skin), oedema (swelling due to excess fluid trapped), trigger asthma, rhinorrhea, stomach and many more. It may cause nausea and make you feel dizzy11.
You must consult your doctor if you experience any side effects after consuming persimmon fruit. 

What are the nutritional benefits of persimmon fruit? 

Persimmon fruits may contain several bioactive compounds like proanthocyanidins, catechins, carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, tannins and many more. Additionally, persimmon fruit may contain water, energy, carbohydrates, fats and proteins. It may contain minerals like phosphorous, sodium, calcium, iron, potassium and many more. It may contain vitamin C and many amino acids1,3

Persimmon (Amlok) fruit is good for diabetes? 

Oligomers and polymers present in bioactive compound proanthocyanidins in persimmon fruit might inhibit the activity of enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase which may delay glucose uptake and reduce blood sugar levels. Additionally, persimmon fruit may inhibit the rapid absorption of glucose in the body after eating carbohydrate-rich meals2,6,7. However, you must check your blood glucose level regularly and consult your doctor in case of a high blood glucose level. 

What are the benefits of persimmon fruit for blood pressure and avoid blood clots? 

Bioactive proanthocyanidins in persimmon fruit might help to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of platelet aggregation and thereby, reduce the occurrence of thrombosis (blood clot formation). Persimmon can also relax the blood vessels to improve blood flow by enhancing nitric oxide production2,4. However, you must consult your doctor if you have any symptoms of heart disease.

References

  1. Butt MS, Sultan MT, Aziz M, Naz A, Ahmed W, Kumar N, Imran M. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit: hidden phytochemicals and health claims. EXCLI journal. 2015;14:542. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4817420/ 
  1. Redpath S, George AP. Health and medicinal benefits of persimmon fruit: A review. Health and Medicinal Benefits of Persimmon Fruit. 2008:1000-6. Available from: https://www.torrossa.com/gs/resourceProxy?an=2209326&publisher=FF3888 
  1. Persimmon, native, raw [Internet]. FoodData Central. [cited 2022 Oct11]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169943/nutrients 
  1. Santos‐Buelga C, Scalbert A. Proanthocyanidins and tannin‐like compounds–nature, occurrence, dietary intake and effects on nutrition and health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2000 May 15;80(7):1094-117. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7%3C1094::AID-JSFA569%3E3.0.CO;2-1 
  1. Gorinstein S, Kulasek GW, Bartnikowska E, Leontowicz M, Zemser M, Morawiec M, Trakhtenberg S. The effects of diets, supplemented with either whole persimmon or phenol-free persimmon, on rats fed cholesterol. Food Chemistry. 2000 Aug 15;70(3):303-8. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814600000728 
  1. Lee YA, Cho EJ, Tanaka T, Yokozawa T. Inhibitory activities of proanthocyanidins from persimmon against oxidative stress and digestive enzymes related to diabetes. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2007;53(3):287-92. Available from: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv/53/3/53_3_287/_article/-char/ja/ 
  1. Alqahtani AS, Hidayathulla S, Rehman MT, ElGamal AA, Al-Massarani S, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Alqahtani MS, El Dib RA, AlAjmi MF. Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential of 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid isolated from Nuxia oppositifolia. Biomolecules. 2019 Dec 30;10(1):61. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/606736 
  1. Kyung-Jin J, Jeung-Min L, Seung-Cheol L, Hae-Ryong P. Anticancer activity of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) calyx extracts on human cancer cells. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011 Jun 18;5(12):2546-50. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-full-text-pdf/EBE355323544 
  1. An BJ, Kwak JH, Park JM, Lee JY, Park TS, Lee JT, Son JH, Jo C, Byun MW. Inhibition of enzyme activities and the antiwrinkle effect of polyphenol isolated from the persimmon leaf (Diospyros kaki folium) on human skin. Dermatologic Surgery. 2005 Jul;31:848-55. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2005.31730 
  1. Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Ouji-Sageshima N, Yasui S, Mochida N, Nakano R, Kasahara K, Tomoda K, Yano H, Kayano SI, Ito T. Persimmon-derived tannin has bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 21;12(8):e0183489. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183489 
  1. Sharma A, Dhiman AK, Attri S, Ramachandran P. Studies on preparation and preservation of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) pulp. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 2021 Apr;45(4):e15274. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349112933_Studies_on_preparation_and_preservation_of_persimmon_Diospyros_kaki_L_pulp
  1. Anliker MD, Reindl J, Vieths S, Wüthrich B. Allergy caused by ingestion of persimmon (Diospyros kaki): detection of specific IgE and cross-reactivity to profilin and carbohydrate determinants. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2001 Apr 1;107(4):718-23. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674901228826 
  2. Song M, Yang G, Tran QH, Hoang DH, Mohd Amin AS, Choe W, Kang I, Kim SS, Ha J. Anti-obesity effect of fermented persimmon extracts via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Biol Pharm Bull. 2020;43(3):440–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32115502/
  3. Butt MS, Sultan MT, Aziz M, Naz A, Ahmed W, Kumar N, Imran M. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit: hidden phytochemicals and health claims. EXCLI J. 2015;14:542–561. doi:10.17179/excli2015-159. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4817420/
  4. Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, Hiller R, Blair N, Burton TC, et al. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA. 1994 Nov 9;272(18):1413–1420. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7933422/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Raisins (Kishmish): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

We often get sugar cravings where most of us reach for high-sugar foods like cookies, candies, a fun-size ice cream, or a chocolate bar despite knowing its bad effects. However, we bring you a nutritious and healthy snack, which might help with your sugar cravings. Raisins are dried grapes and are considered a traditional dried fruit. Raisins are sweet, consisting of sugar, with high fibre and provide satiety. Raisins are made from Vitis vinifera grapes and are largely produced in the United States, followed by Turkey, China, Iran, Chile, Greece, and Australia. Varieties of raisins are available, which include Dark raisins made from Thompson seedless grapes, Golden raisins, Sultanas, and Zante currant raisins processed by sun-drying or dehydrating grapes1,2. Let us discuss the health benefits of eating raisins, their nutritional value and more. 

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Raisins

Raisins are rich in sugar, fructose, and glucose. They have an abundance of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds like vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonols. One hundred grams of raisins may provide 301 kcal energy, and the water content is 14.9 g1,3. The nutrients of raisins include: 

Here’s the information in pointer format:

Properties of Raisins

Raisins may have health-benefitting properties like: 

Let me share an interesting fact with you. Raisins, those little dried grapes, are packed with powerful antioxidants like polyphenols, tannins, and phenolic acids. In an animal study, researchers discovered that feeding ageing rats a diet rich in black raisins may lead to higher antioxidant levels in their bodies. The exciting part is that these antioxidants possibly had a positive impact on the rats’ spatial memory, cognitive function, and motor skills7.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Raisins

Including raisins in a daily diet may provide favorable health benefits. The following may be the potential advantages of raisins: 

1. Potential Uses of Raisins for Heart Health

Bad cholesterol may be a culprit for various heart diseases. Raisins are a good source of dietary fibre (fructans) and phytochemicals, which may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies have found that the benefits of eating raisins with other foods might lower blood lipids (fats) and cholesterol levels in patients suffering from high cholesterol problems. Adding raisins to your diet might provide enough fibre and might reduce the risks of heart disease1,2,4. However, more studies are needed to suggest the advantages of raisins for fighting heart problems. 

2. Potential Uses of Raisins for Oral Health 

Raisins contain antioxidants, which might play an antibacterial role against oral bacteria. In addition, raisins may be low in sucrose concentration, limiting the formation of dental plaques. Hence, eating raisins may be beneficial for oral health. The phytochemicals present in raisins may act as antibacterial and may inhibit the growth of oral bacteria that cause dental diseases1. However, if you have a dental problem, visit a dentist and get a clean-up. 

3. Potential Uses of Raisins for Blood Pressure 

blood pressure
Image Source: freepik.com

High blood pressure may cause hypertension. The benefits of eating raisins daily may provide enough potassium and dietary fibre, which may lower blood pressure. Furthermore, raisins may also contain polyphenols, which might release nitric oxide and may act to control high blood pressure1. However, more clinical studies are required to draw a firm conclusion about using raisins against blood pressure. Till then, take doctor’s consultations and do not use raisins to self-medicate. 

4. Potential Uses of Raisins for Weight Loss 

Image Source: freepik.com

Losing weight is challenging, and a fibre-rich diet may facilitate weight loss. Eating raisins may make you feel full and reduce hunger. The gut hormones might be altered, feeling satisfied and reducing energy intake. It might limit the absorption of fat and starch in the bowel. Thus, having raisins may lead to lesser absorption of complex carbohydrates, which might help in maintaining correct body weight and may aid weight loss1,4. So, adding raisins to your weight loss meal might help you lose weight. However, more studies are required to support the true scope of raisins health benefits on humans. 

5. Potential Uses of Raisins for Thyroid 

A high-fat diet may disturb the functions of the thyroid gland. An animal study5 (Ayuob et al., 2022) found that raisins may contain fibres, polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which may be powerful antioxidants. These nutrients might help modulate the levels of thyroid hormones. It may increase the production and action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the body5. However, this animal study is insufficient; more human studies are required to support the uses of raisins for thyroid imbalance. If you have thyroid problems, consult a doctor, and do not self-medicate. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Raisins  

Though studies show the potential uses of raisins in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a necessity for further studies to develop the true scope of the benefits of raisins on human health. In addition, each person may respond differently to these herbs. Additionally, it is essential to consult a doctor before using raisins for any medical condition. 

I came across a fascinating study that revealed something truly amazing. Black raisins might just be a natural remedy against anaemia! In a study with rats, researchers found that providing anaemic rats with raisin extract potentially improved their blood count and made their red blood cells appear to be healthy and normal. So, if you’re looking for a delicious and nutritious way to boost your iron levels, adding black raisins to your diet might be a wise choice8.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Raisins?

Grapes were dried for storage and travel in prehistoric times. Since then, raisins have been produced as food. Raisins are cherished because of their sweet flavour and do not require refrigeration2. You may use raisins as 

You should consult a qualified doctor before using raisins in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation of raisins without consulting an Ayurvedic physician. They will guide you with its form and dosage per your health condition. 

Side Effects of Raisins

Eating raisins (Kishmish) might be safe. However, a few reports suggest raisin allergies in small children. Raisin allergy is rare and uncommon6. The raisins side effects might be observed as follows:  

However, if any allergic reactions are encountered, you must immediately rush to the hospital and consult your doctor to get the proper treatment for your allergies. 

Also Read: Mango (Aam): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Raisins

Eating raisins in small quantities might be safe. However, a few precautions are necessary:  

Also Read: Hibiscus: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

More research and scientific data are needed to state the potential interaction between raisins and other drugs. Therefore, one must take medical consultations with Ayurvedic doctors before using raisins in a regular diet.  

Also Read: Gond Katira: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are raisins? 

Raisins are a traditional dried fruit. Raisins are produced from sun-drying or dehydrating Vitis vinifera grapes variety. They are sweet-flavoured and consist of fibre, proteins and other phytochemicals which are beneficial for health1,2.

What are the different varieties of raisins (Kishmish)? 

Different varieties of raisins include Dark raisins made from Thompson seedless grapes, Golden raisins made from Muscat grapes, Sultanas produced from seedless yellow grapes and Zante currants raisins from black Corinth grapes. Today, around 95% of raisins are produced from dried “Thompson seedless” grapes1,2.

Do raisins benefit oral health? 

Raisins contain antioxidants, which may have antibacterial activity against oral bacteria. They also have a low concentration of sucrose, which limits dental plaque formation. Hence, raisins may benefit oral health1. However, in case of dental issues, take the doctor’s advice and do not self-medicate. 

Which are the essential vitamins of raisins? 

The essential vitamins in raisins include vitamins E, C, K, B9, B6, B3, B2 and B13.

Do raisins have disadvantages? 

A few disadvantages of eating raisins may include allergic side effects such as nausea and itching of the mouth within a few minutes of having raisins6.

References

1. Olmo-Cunillera A, Escobar-Avello D, Pérez A, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Lamuela-Raventós R, Vallverdú-Queralt A. Is Eating Raisins Healthy? Nutrients. 2020;12(54):1–17. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019280/pdf/nutrients-12-00054.pdf 

2. Williamson G, Carughi A. Polyphenol content and health benefits of raisins. Nutri Res. 2010;30(8):511–9. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0271531710001375 

3. FoodData Central. Raisins, golden, seedless [Internet]. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2019 [cited 2022 Oct 6]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168164/nutrients 

4. Bell S. A Review of Dietary Fiber and Health: Focus on Raisins. J of Med Food. 2011;14(9):877–83. Available from: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jmf.2010.0215 

5. Ayuob N, Shaker S. Raisins preserve the function and structure of the thyroid gland. J of Micro and Ultras. 2022;10(2):55–62. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9272700/pdf/JMAU-10-55.pdf 

6. Chibuluzo S, Pitt T. Raisin allergy in an 8-year-old patient. Aller, Asth and Clini Immu. 2014;10((Suppl 2): A6):23–6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304147/pdf/1710-1492-10-S2-A6.pdf 

7. Ghorbanian D, Gol M, Pourghasem M, Faraji J, Pourghasem K, Soltanpour N. Spatial memory and antioxidant protective effects of raisin (currant) in aged rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2018;23(3):196-205. doi:10.3746/pnf.2018.23.3.196. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6195892/

8. Abu Zaid FA, Abduljawad EA, Aljadani HM, Ali NM, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Ibrahim M, Ali SS, Abunasef SK, Ahmed OT, Amin HA, Al Jaouni SK. Black raisins improved experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia: biochemical and histological evidence. J Pharm Res Int. 2021;33(34A):188–201. doi: 10.9734/JPRI/2021/v33i34A31839. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353005864_Black_Raisins_Improved_Experimentally_Induced_Iron_Deficiency_Anemia_Biochemical_and_Histological_Evidence

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Paneer: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

India is an agricultural land and is the largest milk-producing country in the world. Milk is an important component of a vegetarian diet as an essential source of protein. Various milk products are available, and one such important product is paneer. Paneer is a popular dairy product native to South Asia and India. Paneer is a soft cheese prepared by heating and coagulating buffalo or cow milk using citric acid (lemon juice), lactic acid, or sour milk. Good quality paneer appears in marble white, having a firm, spongy, and smooth texture with a sweet, acidic, and nutty flavor. Varieties of paneer may include conventional, low-fat, filled, and vegetable-impregnated paneer. Let us learn more about paneer benefits, nutritional value, properties, and more1,2.

Nutritional Value of Paneer

Paneer is low in lactose and rich in fat, protein, calcium, vitamins, phosphorus, and minerals1. The nutritional value of paneer is described below: 

Nutritional value of paneer per 100 grams3

Properties of Paneer

Paneer contains micronutrients that play major biological activities necessary for our healthy growth. The major properties of paneer include: 

Potential Uses of Paneer

Paneer may have several health benefits when consumed in moderate quantities. The advantages of eating paneer are described below 

1. Potential uses of paneer for bone health 

Paneer may be a rich source of calcium. Adding paneer to your diet might provide sufficient nutrients to your bones, making them stronger. So, eating paneer might increase bone strength and may increase bone mineral density4. However, do not self-medicate; consult with your doctors first and have paneer if advised.  

2. Potential uses of paneer for bladder stones 

Paneer may provide adequate levels of nutrients, which might lower the chances of stone formation in the urinary bladder. Paneer may be a natural source of minerals which might stop the stone formation in the bladder and urinary system4. However, bladder stone is a serious health condition; therefore, consult a physician and get a proper diagnosis and treatment. 

3. Potential uses of paneer for immunity 

The benefits of eating paneer may help in maintaining a proper immune system. Paneer is a rich source of vitamins, proteins, and minerals. The presence of these compounds and biologically active compounds may help in acting against malnutrition in children and may act against asthma (respiratory-related problems). It may act as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. Based on these, Paneer may help boost immunity4.  

4. Potential uses of paneer for blood pressure 

Paneer is a rich source of protein and nutrition. It is full of mineral elements such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium. This may play a central role in regulating and lowering high blood pressure. A healthy, balanced diet with paneer containing these minerals and proteins might keep a check on your blood pressure4. However, in cases of high blood pressure, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate. 

5. Potential uses of paneer for weight loss 

Paneer may be loaded with healthy fats and proteins. It is also low in carbohydrates, which might be a healthy choice for people looking to lose weight. During weight loss, protein is crucial, and paneer might be an excellent vegetarian source of protein. Thus, adding paneer to your diet regime might help you lose body weight4. However, more research is needed to support the benefits of paneer for weight loss. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Paneer 

Though studies show the benefits of paneer in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to develop the scope of the benefits of eating paneer on human health. In addition, each person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is essential to consult a physician before using paneer for any medical condition.  

How to Use Paneer?

Paneer is used for preparing various culinary dishes and snacks4.  

However, the shelf life of paneer is less than other milk products. Paneer must be refrigerated at 10 °C and used within three days; otherwise, it loses its freshness. It gets easily spoiled due to contamination by microbes, which may be observed as a greenish-yellow slime with discolouration and off-flavour and smell.1 

People should consult a doctor before using paneer in large quantities. Further, we recommend not to replace or discontinue any ongoing treatment of medications with any ayurvedic or herbal preparations of paneer without taking the medical advice of a doctor. They will guide you with its form and dosage per your health condition. 

Also Read: Kayam Churna: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Side Effects of Paneer

No major study reports the side effects of paneer. However, paneer may contain a low level of lactose1. So, lactose-intolerant people might fall ill from digestive problems like diarrhoea, bloating, etc.  

Also Read: Masoor Dal: Uses, Benefits, Nutritional Value & more!

Precautions to Take with Paneer

Overindulging in paneer is not advised. Therefore, general precautions need to be followed: 

Also Read: Kanchanar Guggulu: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

More research is needed to suggest the interactions between paneer and other drugs. Therefore, you should take medical advice from your Ayurvedic doctors. They will direct you to a better way to have paneer. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of paneer for children? 

Paneer has high nutritional value, making it an ideal food for growing children. Paneer may provide a good amount of calcium to fight against tooth decay in small children. Paneer is densely packed with fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Thus, paneer might fulfil the nutritional need of a child, benefiting against malnutrition4. In such cases, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate. 

Which are the essential vitamins of paneer?  

The essential vitamins in paneer may include vitamins A, B12, B9 (folate), B7 (biotin), B6, B5, B3 (niacin), B2 (riboflavin), and B1 (thiamine)3

What is the shelf life of paneer? 

Paneer has a shorter shelf life and may be stored for only six days at an ambient temperature of 7°C to 10°C1

How to check for the spoilage of paneer? 

Spoilage of paneer may occur due to the growth of microorganisms on its surface. You may notice a greenish-yellow slime formation on the surface of the paneer and a discolouration with an off flavour; it is a sign your paneer is spoiled1

References

1. Kumar S, Rai D, Niranjan K, Bhat Z. Paneer-An Indian soft cheese variant: a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(5):821–31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008736/pdf/13197_2011_Article_567.pdf 

2. Farkye N. Acid-Heat Coagulated Cheeses. In: McSweeney Paul, Fox Patrick, Cotter Paul, Everett David, editors. Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology. 4th ed. Academic Press; 2017. p. 1111–5. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124170124000442 

3. Paneer [Internet]. Nutrition Value. [cited 2022 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.nutritionvalue.org/public_ingredient_7131.html 

4. Pal M. Paneer: A Very Popular Milk Product in the Indian Sub-continent. Beverage & Food World. 2019;46(7):23–5. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334592058 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Soya Chunks: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

In the last few years, the vegetarian diet has been gaining popularity as many people are looking for alternatives to non-vegetarian foods. The animal diet contains protein, which is an essential part of one’s diet and crucial for human growth. However, vegetarians can’t consume meat. Alternatively, plant-based protein, like soya chunks, is now being utilised to meet the protein demand. Soya chunks are derived from soya bean which is scientifically known as Glycine max, belonging to the pea family (Fabaceae). Soybeans, part of the legume species, contain proteins. Glycinin and β-conglycinin. Along with proteins, they also contain lipids, dietary fibres, and moisture1. Let us learn more about the benefits of eating soya chunks.

Nutritional Value of Soya Chunks

Soya chunks contain 335 kcal of energy per 100g. The other nutrients present in soya chunks per 100gm are2

Properties of Soya Chunks

Soya chunks are derived from soya beans, and the following are the properties of soya chunks: 

Potential Uses of Soya Chunks for Overall Health

The potential soya chunks benefits are:  

1. Potential Uses of Soya Chunks for Cardiovascular Disease

heart

Soya chunks may have low saturated fat compared to animal-based proteins. It may also have low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides in low quantities. This may prevent the risk related to cardiovascular diseases like diabetes and obesity5. Based on this, soya chunks may be used against cardiovascular diseases. If you have heart-related issues, contact your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

2. Potential Uses of Soya Chunks for Cholesterol

cholesterol

Soya chunks may reduce cholesterol levels. It contains protein and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein)6. A randomised controlled study7 showed that regular consumption of protein may decrease cholesterol levels.The soya chunks are less in carbohydrates and rich in protein sources, which may help in decreasing cholesterol levels. If you have cholesterol-related issues, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

3. Potential Uses of Soya Chunks for Menopausal Symptoms

soya

Soya chunks benefits for females in hot flashes are a symptom of menopause and can be due to decreased estrogen levels. Isoflavones present in soybeans have a chemical structure similar to estrogen. Regular intake of soya chunks containing isoflavones may potentially give the same result. Isoflavones bind weakly to estrogen receptors and may give estrogen-like activity. This helps because ovaries stop producing estrogen during menopause. Therefore, when isoflavones might give estrogen-like activity, they may help reduce the symptoms5. If you have any of these symptoms, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

4. Potential Uses of Soya Chunks for Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

Bone loss is another condition associated with menopause. Soya chunks are rich in proteins as well as isoflavones and calcium. It may prevent the risk of osteoporosis and may improve brain health. A study5 reviewed that soya protein consumption may influence bone mineral density. In addition, a reduction in bone resorption turnover rate may be observed in many randomised controlled trials. Another study8 showed that women who consumed soya protein isolate may have lower markers of bone turnover when compared to placebo.1 If you have any bone-related problems, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

5. Potential Uses of Soya Chunks for Cancer Prevention

cancer
Image Source: freepik.com

Soya chunks may help in cancer elimination as they are rich in various nutrients. These nutrients may inhibit abnormal cell division and may serve as an anti-cancer inhibitor in various forms of cancer. The presence of genistein, an isoflavone, may block cancer tumours and may provide nourishment for proper growth9. If you have any cancer-related problems, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

6. Potential Uses of Soya Chunks for Weight Loss

weight management

Soya chunks are rich in protein and have fewer carbohydrates. The regular consumption of soya chunks may help in weight loss5. Soya protein may control hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, which indirectly may help in reducing weight. If you are obese and want to lose weight, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate. 

7. Other Potential Uses of Soya Chunks

soya chunks

Another health benefit of soya chunks is that vegetarians and vegans who do not consume meat-based products can potentially get their source of daily protein from them. Soya chunks are rich in protein and are plant-based.  

For instance, soya chunks are a good source of arginine and glycine, which are crucial nutrients in the urea cycle and collagen synthesis5

Though there are studies that show the benefits of soya chunks in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of soya chunks on human health.  

Also Read: Brahmi: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and more!

How to Use Soya Chunks?

You can incorporate soya chunks into your meals regularly. Soya chunks have to be boiled and then can be incorporated into many dishes. A few ways to do this are: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking soya chunks or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

Also Read: Paneer: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Side Effects of Soya Chunks

Anything consumed in excess can have a side effect. Eating soya chunks daily can have disadvantages. The most common side effects of consuming soya chunks are: 

Also Read: Sabudana (Sago Pearls): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Precautions to Take with Soya Chunks

Soya proteins are largely beneficial to humans; however, consumption over the recommended amount can cause adverse reactions like nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and allergic reactions. In a review, it was observed that soya proteins may have effects on endocrine glands, toxic effects on the kidney and liver, and may have carcinogenic effects on the pancreas, breast, and thyroid gland. Therefore, it is necessary to be very cautious while taking soya chunks in large quantities.   

Also Read: Multani Mitti: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Medicines

Interaction with other medicines or compounds is rare but can occur. Thyroid hormone, iron, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and warfarin can cause interaction.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of soya chunks for females? 

Soya chunks are hypothesised to treat menopause symptoms like hot flashes because of their isoflavones, which have a similar structure to oestrogen. These may bind to oestrogen receptors and may reduce the symptoms 

How to consume soya chunks? 

Soya chunks can be consumed by first boiling them and then incorporating them into several dishes like gravy, soup, and rice.  

What are the benefits of soyabean chunks? 

The potential benefits of consuming soya chunks are reduced risk of heart disease, reduced cholesterol levels, fighting against menopause, and managing weight. Another benefit of soya chunks is that they can be used as an alternative to animal-based protein products. If you have any mentioned symptoms or diseases, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

References

  1. Nout R. Quality, safety, biofunctionality and fermentation control in soya. Elsevier eBooks. 2014 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/soybean
  2. Soybeans, mature seeds, raw – Nutrients – SR Legacy | USDA FoodData Central [Internet]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/174270/nutrients 
  3. Messina M. Soy and health update: Evaluation of the clinical and epidemiologic literature. Nutrients. 2016 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5188409/ 
  4. Department of Health & Human Services. Soybeans and soy foods. Better Health Channel. [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/soybeans 
  5. Qin P, Wang T, Luo Y. A review on plant-based proteins from soybean: Health benefits and soy product development. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154321001678 
  6. Lichtenstein AH. Soy protein, isoflavones and cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of Nutrition. 1998 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623018357#s0050 
  7. Harland JI, Haffner TA. Systematic review, meta-analysis and regression of randomised controlled trials reporting an association between an intake of circa 25g soya protein per day and blood cholesterol. Atherosclerosis. 2008 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021915008002475 
  8. Weaver CM, Cheong JMK. Soy isoflavones and bone health: The relationship is still unclear. Journal of Nutrition. 2005 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622102208 
  9. Messina MJ, Persky V, Setchell KDR, Barnes S. Soy intake and cancer risk: A review of the in vitro and in vivo data. Nutrition and Cancer. 1994 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8058523/ 
  10. Soy: Usefulness and safety. NCCIH. [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/soy
  11. Boyer J, Liu RH. Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutrition Journal. 2004 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC442131/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Singhara (Water Chestnut): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Singhara is one fruit that may not be your favorite, but you still see it in your house on multiple occasions. Along with the arrival of the winter season, this fruit starts to make a place in our houses and hearts! Some people use dried and powdered seeds as flour, while many like to consume them raw. The powder is also used in fasting meals. 

So, if you are curious about the properties and benefits of eating singhara, you have come to the right place! Singhara in English is called water chestnuts and are fruits grown in ponds. Singhara are scientifically known as Trapa natans, belonging to the Lythraceae family. Some common names of this fruit are singhara or simkhata in Hindi, karimbolam or vankottakkaya in Malayalam, and water chestnuts in English1. Singhara is a commonly used fruit in India. In addition, Singhara has been cultivated commercially by countries like India, China, Korea, Japan, and North America2. Singhara has good nutritional value along with many beneficial properties.  

Nutritional Value of Singhara

The nutritional value of singhara per 100g of serving is given below.  

Properties of Singhara

The many properties of Singhara are given below.  

Potential Uses of Singhara for Overall Health

Because of its good nutritional value and properties, Singhara may show potential use against many health conditions. However, more studies and research needed to consolidate the effectiveness of singhara in these conditions. That’s why you must consult your healthcare provider and get a proper diagnosis. Some of the potential uses of singhara are given below. 

1. Potential Uses of Singhara for Weight Management

weight management

Involving optimal fibre in your diet can help you manage weight. Foods with high fibre content provide bulk, keeping you full for longer. High fibre is also known to delay the absorption of sugars and foods. All these benefits may contribute to healthy body weight5. However, if you want to reduce or manage weight, consult with a qualified dietician before making any significant changes to your diet.  

2. Potential Uses of Singhara for Digestion

digestion

A good amount of fibre might help keep the digestive system healthy. Singhara has plenty of fibre that enables you to meet daily requirements. In addition, having plenty of fibre is linked to a reduced risk of diseases like constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)5. It might also help maintain a good bowel movement. However, avoid eating singhara to cure or eliminate any digestive problems. If you have any digestive issues, you need to talk to your healthcare provider and get treated.  

Based on my observations, water chestnuts or singhara have shown potential anti-ulcer properties. They may help restore the balance in the stomach by reducing acid-pepsin secretion and promoting mucus secretion, which can contribute to the management of stomach ulcers6.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

3. Potential Uses of Singhara for Diabetes

diabeties

Eating high fiber might help reduce the absorption of glucose from the stomach. This may help maintain blood glucose levels and help avoid surges in blood glucose. So, adding singhara to your diet might help manage the glucose levels in the blood5. However, if you have diabetes, you should adhere to the doctor’s advice and avoid using fruits or herbs on your own.  

4. Potential Uses of Singhara for Cholesterol

cholesterol

A high content of cholesterol in the blood can cause heart problems. This cholesterol can accumulate in the blood vessels and increase the risk of heart attacks. The high fibre content of singhara might help you lower your blood cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart problems5. However, more studies will be required to support the use of singhara for heart health. Therefore, in case of heart problems, reach out to your healthcare provider.  

5. Potential Uses of Singhara for Skin Diseases

skin infections

Singhara has plenty of gallic acids. Gallic acid is an effective anti-inflammatory agent, which may help reduce inflammation and swelling. This activity of singhara might help with inflammatory skin diseases. As per a study2 conducted by Kim et al. (2015), the singhara extract could reduce the skin damage caused by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), a popular ingredient in soaps and other products. However, more research and studies are required to support the use of singhara for skin problems. Therefore, if you are struggling with skin problems, talk to your skin doctor or dermatologist.  

Though studies show the water chestnut benefits in various conditions, these are insufficient. More studies are needed to establish the true extent of the benefits of herbs on human health.  

Based on my experience, I have observed that water chestnuts contain high levels of flavonoids, flavones, and phenols, which may constitue to their antioxidant properties. These antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting our cells from oxidative damage caused by harmful free radicals. Consuming water chestnuts may contribute to overall health and well-being6.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Singhara?

Singhara or water chestnut seeds are edible. However, make sure to peel the skin before use.  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking singhara or other herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

I recommend chestnut flour as a suitable option for patients with celiac disease. Chestnut flour is gluten-free, which means it does not contain the proteins that can trigger a reaction in individuals with celiac disease. Additionally, chestnut flour offers other health benefits, such as being a good source of fiber and nutrients, making it a valuable choice for those following a gluten-free diet6.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Side Effects of Singhara

Because of its high fiber content, overeating water chestnuts might give you stomach problems. A sudden increase in dietary fibre may cause stomach pain and gas. Therefore, stick to moderate amounts and avoid overeating.  

Also, before you use singhara for its effects against any condition, talk to your healthcare provider about the possible side effects associated with its use.

Also Read: Talmakhana: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode   

Precautions to Take with Singhara

Before taking singhara for its health benefits, consult with a physician about the possible precautions associated with the use of singhara. It will help you make good choices about your health.

Also Read: Red Chilli: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is a lack of information on the interactions of singhara with other drugs and medicines. Therefore, consult your healthcare provider about possible medicine interactions if you are receiving treatment for any health condition.  

Also Read: Apricot (Khubani): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are singhara benefits? 

Singhara might be helpful in weight management and digestion. Singhara may also be used against diseases like diabetes and skin and heart problems2,5. However, more research is required to support the use of singhara for its health benefits. Therefore if you are suffering from health issues, consult your healthcare provider and receive proper treatment.

Can I use singhara for weight loss? 

Singhara is a rich source of fibre. Involving sufficient fibre in your diet might help you manage weight by giving a sense of fullness for a longer period. Fibre may also help reduce the absorption of glucose from the intestine5. All these factors combined may help you lower your food intake and help manage weight. However, talk to a dietician or healthcare provider if you want to lose or manage weight. They will be able to better guide you about each diet’s risks and benefits.  

Can I consume singhara during pregnancy?  

Eat singhara only after consulting with your doctor. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider before making any changes to their diet.  

What are singhara side effects?  

Singhara is high in fibre content. Suddenly increasing your fibre content excessively may give you stomach problems like abdominal pain and gas. Therefore, you should eat singhara in moderate amounts5. Also, before using Singhara for its health benefits, talk to your healthcare provider about the possible side effects associated with its use.  

How to consume singhara? 

There are many ways to consume singhara. You can consume them raw (after peeling) or cooked. The powder of singhara seed kernel is often used as a flour substitute in cooking1. However, if you want to use singhara for its medicinal benefits, make sure you talk to a healthcare provider first before using any herbal remedy.   

References

  1. Trapa natans Water Chestnut PFAF Plant Database [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 7]. Available from: https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Trapa+natans 
  2. ​Kim B, Kim JE, Choi BK, Kim HS. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Water Chestnut Extract on Cytokine Responses via Nuclear Factor-κB-signaling Pathway. Biomol Ther (Seoul) [Internet]. 2015 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Oct 7];23(1):90. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25593649/ 
  3. ​Food Data Central [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 7]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/2025077/nutrients 
  4. ​(PDF) Trapa Natans (Water Chestnut): An Overview [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 7]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264420038_Trapa_Natans_Water_Chestnut_An_Overview 
  5. ​Dietary fibre – Better Health Channel [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/fibre-in-food 
  6. Rajput JD, Singh SP. Water Chestnut (Trapa natans L.): Functional characteristics, nutritional properties and applications in food industry: A review. J Phytopharmacol. Available from: https://phytopharmajournal.com/assets/pdf_files/Vol12_Issue2_09.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Walnut Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Walnuts are essential for the body to obtain the vitamins and minerals it wants. It is scientifically known as Juglans regia L. and is a member of the Juglandaceae family. Walnut oil is prepared from dried and pressed walnut seeds by cold pressing extraction method. It is also termed ‘akhrot ka tel’ in Hindi. The Romans called it ‘Jovis Glans,’ which means ‘Jupiter’s King Fruit’. There are 18 species of walnut worldwide, but because of its size and sweetness, the Anatolian walnut (Iranian walnut or English walnut) is the most grown commercially. It is grown in India, China, Japan, the United States, Canada, and Central America1,2. Let’s read and find out more about walnut oil benefits and properties.

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Walnut Oil

100ml of walnut oil possesses the following nutrients3 

Vitamins present in the walnut oil2

Walnut oil is a rich source of essential fatty acids, especially alpha-linolenic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Walnut oil also contains proteins, polyphenols, ellagic, malic and gallic acid and phytonutrients like zinc, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper and selenium2.  

Properties of Walnut Oil

Following are the walnut oil properties2

Omega-3 fatty acids, which are frequently lacking in the diet, are abundant in walnut oil. However, I recommend its use sparingly, much like other cooking oils, to prevent putting too many extra calories in your diet and posing health hazards. For instance, walnuts have the potential to produce a serious allergic response in persons who are allergic to nuts. If they consume walnut oil, some people who are sensitive to peanuts might develop an allergic response7.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Potential Uses of Walnut Oil for Overall Health

Following are the walnut oil uses: 

1. Potential Uses of Walnut Oil for Diabetes 

diabeties

Walnut oil contains monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and alpha-linolenic acid. It may balance insulin and act against diabetes. In a study4 by Nezhad et al., 2016 eating walnut oil for three months lowers fasting blood sugar and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and maintains blood glucose levels. HbA1c is a blood sugar level measurement for the previous two or three months. This study also showed that lowered cardiovascular problems of type-2 diabetes without changing the weight or blood pressure. Thus, walnut oil may show an anti-diabetic effect4. However, diabetes is a serious condition; it can cause severe side effects. So, please consult the doctor for better health results. 

2. Potential Uses of Walnut Oil for Cholesterol 

cholesterol

Walnut oil contains plant sterols called phytosterols, omega-3 fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. These compounds in walnut oil may lower cholesterol absorption into the body. It may also lower blood triglyceride levels. As a result, it may lower total cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This way, it may help lower cholesterol in the body2. Even so, more research is required to determine the effect of walnut oil on cholesterol. Kindly consult the doctor and do not self-medicate. 

3. Potential Uses of Walnut Oil for Multiple Sclerosis 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS). T cells are present in the body and kill the infection-causing cells in the body by releasing cytokines. These cells can cause inflammation and damage to the myelin. The covering that surrounds and protects the nerve fibres is myelin. In MS patients, T helper cells, such as Th1 and Th17 and their cytokines can initiate an attack on the CNS. Walnut oil contains anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may lower Th1 activity in MS patients. Walnut oil may help avoid damage to myelin and nerve fibres in the CNS. As a result, walnut oil may be effective in multiple sclerosis5. Because MS is a severe disorder, please consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Do not attempt to self-medicate. 

4. Potential Uses of Walnut Oil for Skin 

good for skin
Image Source: freepik.com

Walnut oil contains essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids, which are necessary for normal skin function. It may have moisturising properties and also anti-oxidant properties. In addition, it may assist in regulating trans-epidermal water loss, which is the amount of water that evaporates from the skin. In this way, walnut oil might be beneficial for skin problems. Just like it may benefit dry skin, it may be useful for dry hair and dandruff-prone scalp. As a result, walnut oil may be used for sunburn, skin ulcers and itchy scalp2. However, you must consult a doctor before using walnut oil because it may cause side effects. 

5. Potential Uses of Walnut Oil for Alzheimer’s Disease 

Image Source: freepik.com

According to Liao6 et al., 2020 walnut oil regulates the activity of cholinergic receptors, which is related to regulating physiological activities like attention, memory, learning, and stress response in mice. It may reduce oxidative stress, which is generated by an imbalance between the creation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. It is the ability to detoxify these reactive products. Another study found that eating walnut oil may lower the chance of age-related disorders. As a result, walnut oil might help reduce memory loss in Alzheimer’s patients6. However, walnut oil and its effects on Alzheimer’s disease require more research. Kindly consult the doctor, as Alzheimer’s disease is a serious condition. Do not try to self-medicate. 

6. Potential Uses of Walnut Oil for Cardiovascular Diseases

heart

Phytonutrients and monounsaturated fats in walnut oil may reduce inflammation and help protect the heart. It may also benefit the cardiovascular system by lowering cholesterol and reducing inflammation. More research is in need to determine the effects of walnut oil on cardiovascular diseases2. As walnut oil may cause side effects, kindly consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Do not self-medicate. 

7. Potential Uses of Walnut Oil for Cancer

cancer

The omega-3 fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid) in walnut oil may reduce inflammation and lower the risk of developing breast, colon and prostate cancer. More research is required to prove the effects of walnut oil on cancer2. As cancer is a severe condition, it may cause severe side effects. Please consult a doctor and do not self-medicate. 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of walnut oil in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of walnut oil on human health.  

There are many calories in walnut oil. To avoid unintended weight gain, I suggest you use walnut oil carefully whether you use it in your cooking, to pour it over salads, or blend it into a sauce. Obesity may lead to major medical concerns including cardiovascular disease, some kinds of cancer, and other health issues7.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, BAMS, MD (Ayu)

How to Use Walnut Oil?

Because of its numerous advantages, usage of vegetable oils is being replaced by walnut oil2. So, let’s look at how to use walnut oil: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Walnut Oil

Walnut oil might cause allergies in some individuals. Therefore, you must ensure that they are not allergic to walnut oil before eating and applying it5. However, if any negative side effects occur while using it, seek immediate treatment. Consult the ayurvedic physician who prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify and solve the problem.   

Precautions to Take with Walnut Oil

There haven’t been any reports on walnut oil safety precautions. Also, there are no specific precautions to take before its application and consumption in pregnant women, children and the elderly. However, consult a physician before its usage in any form.    

Also Read: Matki (moth beans): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Interactions with Other Drugs

There have been no known adverse drug interactions with walnut oil. However, additional research is necessary for this topic to ensure that it does not interfere with other medications and is safe for use. As a result, your ayurvedic physician’s advice must be carefully followed, as their prescription is based on your health condition. 

Also Read: Canola Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

State the benefits of phytonutrients present in walnut oil. 

Walnut oil contains phytonutrients such as selenium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, and calcium. Those may help in the management of the diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and hypertension. They may also act as precursors and catalysts for hormones in the body. In addition, it may improve metabolism, the nervous system, digestive and brain function, and energy production2. Even so, please consult the doctor as walnut oil may cause adverse effects. 

Does walnut oil have any relieving effect on migraine? 

No, but additional research is needed to determine the effect of walnut oil on migraine. Please consult a doctor for better health results. 

State cold pressed walnut oil benefits for thyroid. 

No. However, more research is required to determine the benefits of walnut oil for the thyroid. Kindly consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. 

Is walnut oil good for hair?  

Walnut oil may be topically applied for the treatment of dandruff and dry hair1. Although, more research on the effect of walnut oil on hair is required. Kindly consult a doctor. 

State the interactions of walnut oil. 

Walnut oil may interact with drugs and change their activity. However, no such information is available. More research is needed on this topic. Please check with your doctor before consuming walnut oil, primarily if you are on any medication. 

References

  1. BİNİCİ Hİ, ŞAT İG, Aoudeh E. Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and its Products. Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty 2021; 52(2): 224-30 2021;52(2):224-30. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1455967 
  2. Radu O, Fuior A, Capcanari T. The study of biological and nutritional potential of walnut oil. Available from: http://repository.utm.md/bitstream/handle/5014/9041/Conf_StudentiDoctoranzi_2013_Kiev_p472-473.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 
  3. FoodData Central. Walnut oil, (BRANDED, 1857543) [Internet]. Department of Agriculture. [Cited 2022, oct 10] Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1857543/nutrients 
  4. Zibaeenezhad M, Aghasadeghi K, Hakimi H, Yarmohammadi H, Nikaein F. The effect of walnut oil consumption on blood sugar in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. International journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2016 Jul;14(3). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5219895/pdf/ijem-14-03-34889.pdf 
  5. Ganji A, Farahani I, Palizvan MR, Ghazavi A, Ejtehadifar M, Ebrahimimonfared M, Shojapour M, Mosayebi G. Therapeutic effects of walnut oil on the animal model of multiple sclerosis. Nutritional Neuroscience. 2019 Mar 4;22(3):215-22. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1028415X.2017.1371389?scroll=top&needAccess=true 
  6. Liao J, Nai Y, Feng L, Chen Y, Li M, Xu H. Walnut oil prevents scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction in a mouse model. Molecules. 2020 Apr 2;25(7):1630. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7180932/pdf/molecules-25-01630.pdf
  7. Nelson A. Health benefits of walnuts: Lower cholesterol, inflammation, and more. WebMD. Medically reviewed by Christine Mikstas, RD, LD; 5 Aug 2025. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/walnuts-health-benefits 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Wheat Germ Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

The demand for vegetable oil has risen rapidly due to the awareness of vegetable oil as food and nutraceuticals (health-enhancing food). Cereals are an essential mode of a balanced nutrition. Some cereals like wheat (Triticum aestivum), commonly known as ghehu, have gained much popularity due to their ability to be grounded into flour. Wheat germ is a by product derived from wheat milling process. Wheat germ is used in the cosmetic, food and medical industry. Egypt is one of the largest producers of wheat germ. Wheat germ oil has a slightly nutty, pleasantly grainy, sweet flavour with several potential uses1. Let us look at some health benefits of wheat germ oil.

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Wheat Germ Oil

Wheat germ oil may contain several bioactive compounds like phytosterols, policosanol, lipids, sterols, triterpenols and many more2. Additionally, wheat germ oil3,4 may have the following nutrients: 

Vitamins present in wheat germ oil: 

Wheat germ oil contains many vitamins and minerals including vitamin E, Selenium, and Zinc? Vitamin E along with Selenium might aid in improving sperm motility. Additionally, zinc plays an important role in maintaining overall sperm health10.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Wheat Germ Oil

Several studies show that wheat germ oil may possess the following properties: 

Wheat germ oil is a great source of many nutrients needed for smooth functioning of the body? Vitamin E might help in improving symptoms of mild cognitive impairment in older patients. The presence of vitamin E can aid in improving cognitive function in older patients and patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease11.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Potential Uses of Wheat Germ Oil for Overall Health

1. Potential Use of Wheat Germ Oil for Bacterial Infections

infection

Wheat germ oil may possess antibacterial properties. It may inhibit the growth of bacteria. Wheat germ oil may be more sensitive to gram-positive bacteria as compared to gram negative bacteria (categories based on bacteria that take up staining under the microscope)1. However, further studies are yet to be done to check the effect of wheat germ oil on bacterial infections. If you suspect any symptoms of bacterial infection, you must immediately consult your doctor. 

2. Potential Use of Wheat Germ Oil for Inflammation

inflammaation

Intake of wheat germ oil may be used to reduce swelling. A study conducted by Harrabi et al. in 2021 showed that bioactive compounds like octacosanol, β-sitosterol and α-linolenic acid might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory property of wheat germ oil. Wheat germ oil may inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (an enzyme that causes swelling)2. However, more studies are required to confirm if wheat germ oil can be used to reduce inflammation. You must consult your doctor if you experience any symptoms of inflammatory diseases. 

3. Potential Use of Wheat Germ Oil for Hair

hair

Consumption of wheat germ oil may increase blood flow due to the presence of vitamin E. Increased blood flow in the scalp may help repair the cells in the hair bulb. Additionally, it may help reduce hair fall5. However, more studies are needed to check if wheat germ oil is good for hair. You should consult a doctor for proper treatment if you are facing hair related issues. 

4. Potential Use of Wheat Germ Oil for Skin

good for skin

Consumption of wheat germ oil may increase the blood flow in the skin, resulting in better supply of nutrients to the skin. This may be attributed to its high vitamin E content. It may also have an anti-ageing effect on the skin due to the presence of a bioactive compound, ceramide. Vitamin E and ceramides may have a moisturising and soothing effect on the skin. In addition, wheat germ oil may cause skin thickening, which may further help decrease water loss from the skin5. However, more studies are yet to be done to check whether wheat germ oil may benefit the skin. You must consult your doctor if you see any abnormalities in your skin. 

5. Potential Use of Wheat Germ Oil for Cancer

cancer

A study4 conducted by Emam et al. in 2022 on rats showed that wheat germ oil might be beneficial for breast cancer due to the presence of vitamin E and its ability to reduce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is caused by harmful free radicals (molecular particles that harm the body). In addition, wheat germ oil may reduce tumour size6. However, this study was conducted on animals. Therefore, further studies are required to check the effect of wheat germ oil on cancer in the human body. Cancer is a dangerous disease; hence you must consult your doctor if you have been diagnosed with cancer instead of self-medicating. 

6. Potential Use of Wheat Germ Oil for Wound Healing

wound healing

Wheat germ oil may help to heal wounds. A study7 conducted by G.C. Türkoglu et al. in 2021 showed that wheat germ oil might have bioactive compounds that may have properties to work on the skin cells and enhance the wound healing process. Wheat germ oil may heal burns and wounds due to its high cellular activity and high fluid handling capacity. However, further studies are yet to be done to check if wheat germ oil may be used to heal wounds. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you have a severe wound instead of self-medicating.

7. Potential Use of Wheat Germ Oil for Lowering Cholesterol Levels

cholesterol

Antioxidants in wheat germ oil like phenolic acids, flavonoids, tocopherols and carotenoids may help reduce cholesterol levels. A study8 by Chadha et al. in 2015 showed that wheat germ oil might lower the bad cholesterol levels- total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). However, further studies are yet to be done to check if wheat germ oil may be beneficial for lowering cholesterol levels. Therefore, you must check your cholesterol levels regularly and consult your doctor in case of high cholesterol levels. 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of wheat germ oil in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of wheat germ oil on human health. 

How to Use Wheat Germ Oil?

Wheat germ oil can be added to various food items in the following way: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Side Effects of Wheat Germ Oil

Side effects of wheat germ oil may be due to wheat allergy. Its symptoms may include: 

You must immediately consult your doctor if you experience any side effects after consuming wheat germ oil. 

Also Read: Flaxseed Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Wheat Germ Oil

Wheat germ oil is generally considered safe; however, the following precautions shall still be taken: 

If you have any pre-existing disorder, you must consult your doctor before consuming wheat germ oil. 

Also Read: Grape Seed Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Interaction with Other Drugs

There are not enough studies on the interaction of wheat germ oil with other drugs. Further studies on the interaction of wheat germ oil are yet to be done. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming wheat germ oil.   

Also Read: Sesame Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are wheat germ oil benefits for the skin? 

Vitamin E in wheat germ oil may increase the blood flow in the skin, resulting in a better supply of nutrients to the skin. It may also have an anti-ageing effect on the skin due to the presence of a bioactive compound, ceramides. Vitamin E and ceramides may have a moisturising and soothing effect on the skin. In addition, wheat germ oil may cause the thickening of the skin, which may further help to decrease the loss of water from the skin5.

What are wheat germ oil benefits for hair? 

Due to the presence of vitamin E, wheat germ oil may increase blood flow. Wheat germ oil may increase the blood flow in the scalp and repair the cells in the hair bulb. Additionally, it may help to reduce hair fall5.

What are wheat germ oil side effects? 

Consumption of wheat germ oil may cause irritation, swelling or itching in the mouth or throat, swelling of the skin, itchy rash, nasal congestion, headache, difficulty in breathing and may cause diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting9.

Wheat germ oil contains which vitamins? 

Wheat germ oil may contain vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, C, E, and K3,5

Is wheat germ oil helpful in cancer? 

Yes, wheat germ oil may be beneficial for cancer due to its antioxidant activity. Vitamin E may help to relieve the oxidative stress. It may also reduce the size of tumours6. However, cancer is a dangerous disease. Therefore, you must consult your doctor instead of self-medicating. 

References

  1. Mahmoud AA, Mohdaly AA, Elneairy NA. Wheat germ: an overview on nutritional value, antioxidant potential and antibacterial characteristics. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 2015 Feb 2;6(02):265. Available from: https://www.scirp.org/html/8-2701482_54019.htm 
  2. Harrabi S, Ferchichi A, Fellah H, Feki M, Hosseinian F. Chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of wheat germ oil depending on the extraction procedure. Journal of Oleo Science. 2021;70(8):1051-8. Available from: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jos/70/8/70_ess20317/_article/-char/ja/ 
  3. Oil, wheat germ [Internet]. FoodData Central. [cited 2022 Oct05]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171014/nutrients 
  4. Kumar GS, Krishna AG. Studies on the nutraceuticals composition of wheat derived oils wheat bran oil and wheat germ oil. Journal of food science and technology. 2015 Feb;52(2):1145-51. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13197-013-1119-3 
  5. Ghafoor K, Özcan MM, AL‐Juhaımı F, Babıker EE, Sarker ZI, Ahmed IA, Ahmed MA. Nutritional composition, extraction, and utilisation of wheat germ oil: A review. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2017 Jul;119(7):1600160. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejlt.201600160 
  6. Emam KK, Abdel Fattah ME, El Rayes SM, Hebishy MA, Dessouki AA. Assessment of Wheat Germ Oil Role in the Prevention of Induced Breast Cancer in Rats. ACS omega. 2022 Apr 14;7(16):13942-52. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsomega.2c00434 
  7. Türkoğlu GC, Sarıışık M, Karavana SY, Köse FA. Production of wheat germ oil containing multilayer hydrogel dressing. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2021 Oct 1;269:118287. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861721006743 
  8. Chadha R, Ram H, Purohit A. Hypolipidemic effect of wheat germ oil in cholesterol fed Rabbits. Med. Drug Res.. 2015;3:15-20. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rashi_Chadha3/publication/309855948_Hypolipidemic_effect_of_wheat_germ_oil_in_cholesterol_fed_rabbits_Hypolipidemic_effect_of_wheat_germ_oil_in_cholesterol_fed_rabbits/links/5bbd06654585159e8d8f65a8/Hypolipidemic-effect-of-wheat-germ-oil-in-cholesterol-fed-rabbits-Hypolipidemic-effect-of-wheat-germ-oil-in-cholesterol-fed-rabbits.pdf 
  9. Wheat allergy [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2022 [cited 2022Oct5]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wheat-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378897 
  10. Moslemi MK, Tavanbakhsh S. Selenium-vitamin E supplementation in infertile men: effects on semen parameters and pregnancy rate. Int J Gen Med. 2011 Jan 23;4:99-104. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S16275. PMID: 21403799; PMCID: PMC3048346. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3048346/
  11. Lakhan R, Sharma M, Batra K, Beatty FB. The Role of Vitamin E in Slowing Down Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Nov 18;9(11):1573. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9111573. PMID: 34828619; PMCID: PMC8625211. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8625211/#:~:text=Studies%20show%20that%20high%20plasma,and%20its%20progression%20to%20dementia

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Pomelo (Chakotra): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Pomelo is a natural citrus fruit and highly nutritious and resembles grapefruit, but the size of pomelo is large. Pomelo has its origin in subtropical, tropical southeast Asia and is the most widely cultivated fruit crop in the world1,2. The scientific name of pomelo is Citrus grandis (L) which belongs to the Rutaceae family. Pomelo is also referred to as Pummelo, Chinese grapefruit, and Shaddock fruit2,3. The taste of pomelo is slightly acidic and sweet with a hint of bitterness, which makes it one of the five most consumed citrus fruit around the world. The data released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation in 2019, stated that worldwide Pomelo production is around 9.3 million metric tons and the USA is the leading producer with approximately 5 million metric tons3.The important nutritional constituents like vitamin C, para insulin, folic acid, potassium, pectin, and chromium4. The composition of the fruit can vary with the conditions like fruit size, maturity, horticulture conditions, climate, and storage3. Let us discuss more beneficial properties of the Pomelo. 

Did you know?

  • Pomelo contains antioxidants, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which help protect against chronic diseases. source: PMC
  • Pomelo consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease and stroke. source: PMC

Nutritional Value of Pomelo

The nutrient value of pomelo is: 

Nutritional value of pomelo per 100 grams5 

You will feel fuller for a longer period because of the protein and fibre in pomelo. This may bring down your cravings, which eventually leads to calorie reduction through portion control. Pomelo has a low-calorie count per serving as well. I strongly recommend foods like pomelo that may help you boost your nutrition while lowering your calorie intake if you’re attempting to lose weight11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Pomelo

The properties of Pomelo are given as follows: 

From my perspective, consuming pomelos might be good for your heart by lowering your blood’s triglyceride and cholesterol levels. In one research, rats who were fed concentrated pomelo extract had lower triglyceride levels (by up to 21%) and LDL (or “bad”) cholesterol levels (by up to 41%). Pomelo may lower dangerous lipids in circulation by inhibiting their absorption during digestion, according to different researches11.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Potential Uses of Pomelo for Overall Health

Pomelo may be a rich source of nutrients and some of the potential uses of Pomelo are: 

1. Potential Use of Pomelo in Diabetes

diabetes

Pomelo contains flavonoids like quercetin, hesperetin and naringin. The flavonoids in the pomelo may bind to starch leading to an increase in hepatic glycolysis (breakdown of glucose) and a decrease in gluconeogenesis (glucose formation). The study7 by Lin et al. 2021 showed that ethanolic extract of pomelo may reduce hyperglycemia by upregulating the insulin concentration. If you have diabetes consult your doctor and do not self-medicate7

2. Potential Use of Pomelo in Skin Ageing

anti ageing

The collagenase and elastase enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of collagen, resulting in skin aging. The free radicals present in the body may increase the production of collagenase and elastase. An increase in the production of these enzymes can accelerate skin aging. The antioxidant property of pomelo may help in managing skin aging by scavenging free radicals. The study8 by Lukitaningsih et al. 2021, evaluated the physical and chemical stability parameters of the pomelo extract in the semisolid formulation and pomelo may show the free radical scavenging property. This may help in the anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activity of the pomelo extract8, If you have skin-related problems consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

3. Potential Use of Pomelo as Antimicrobial

infection

Pomelo peel extract may benefit the agriculture industry. Pomelo may be used to inhibit microbes that cause disease in the plant. Staphylococcus aureus is one such microbe that can contaminate food (fresh or packed). To control the contamination of food, Sawanit aichayawanich9 2013, produced a biodegradable film containing pomelo peel extract to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil in the pomelo peel extract may destroy the phospholipids layer of the microbe leading to leakage of cytoplasm and may also inhibit the essential enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus9.

4. Potential Use of Pomelo as a Repellent

Image Source: freepik.com

Pomelo may contain volatile oils that have the aroma of citrus which play an important role in the insecticidal, fragrance, and repellent properties. Terpenoids like Linalool, Neorl, geraniol, nootkatone, indole, and cadinene are important aromatic compounds that may be potential for flavor, cosmetic, insecticidal, repellent and fragrance industries. These compounds reach the maximum concentration level at maturation providing maximum benefits3.  

Though studies show the benefits of Pomelo in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Pomelo on human health. 

Our cells are harmed by free radicals, especially if our surroundings are full of them. Antioxidants may aid in repairing that damage, lowering our chance of developing cancer. From my knowledge, Pomelos are well-known for containing significant amounts of vitamin C, a potent antioxidant, as well as other antioxidant chemicals such as naringenin and naringin, which are also frequently present in citrus fruits, and lycopene, commonly found in tomatoes11.

Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS, MS

How to Use Pomelo?

Pomelo or Chinese grapefruit can be used in the following ways:  

One should always consult an Ayurvedic physician before consuming pomelo in large quantities or for therapeutic benefits. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition. 

Side Effects of Pomelo

Pomelo being a fruit does not have any side effects. However, children and elders should take precautions and consult an ayurvedic physician in case they are on medication, before consuming pomelo. Pharmacists and health professionals should create awareness among people and educate them about the potential side effects of the drug with fruit juices. 

Also Read: Matki (moth beans): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Pomelo

Also Read: Kabab Chini: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode

Interactions with Other Drugs

Consuming pomelo juice with sildenafil (which belongs to the phosphodiesterase5 medicine group) may reduce the bioavailability of sildenafil. The bioavailability of Cyclosporine may increase with the intake of pomelo juice. The increase in the blood level of tacrolimus is also reported after the consumption of 100gm of pomelo10. You should consult doctors or ayurvedic physicians before taking fruit juice with drugs.  

Also Read: Eggs: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of pomelo? 

Pomelo may help in anti-aging of the skin, decrease blood glucose levels, and reduce diabetes. However, more research is to be conducted to claim these effects of pomelo. If you have any of the mentioned problems consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

Does pomelo interact with medication? 

Yes, pomelo may interact with some drugs like cyclosporine, sildenafil, and tacrolimus. 

Who should not eat pomelo? 

Adults and children especially those on medication should avoid fruit juices. Still, more research should be conducted on pomelo juice. Pomelo fruit or juice must be taken only after the doctor’s advice. 

Is pomelo good for a diabetic person? 

The flavonoids present in pomelo fruit may decrease the formation of glucose and increase the breakdown of glucose which may help in managing diabetes. If you have diabetes consult your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

Is pomelo good for the skin? 

The antioxidant property of pomelo may help in scavenging the free radicals that are responsible for the increase in the production of enzymes that cause skin aging. The scavenging will decrease the production of these enzymes, thus delaying the aging process.  

Reference

  1. Zarina Z, Tan SY. Determination of flavonoids in Citrus grandis (Pomelo) peels and their inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation in fish tissue. Int Food Res J. 2013;20(1):313–317. Available from: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/20%20(01)%202013/42%20IFRJ%2020%20(01)%202013%20Zarina%20(073).pdf
  2. Huang S, Dong T, Xiong B, Qiu X, Sun G, Liao L, Fan N, Wang X, Deng H, He S, Hu Y. Variation in the content and composition of limonoids in fruits of four pomelo varieties during fruit development: The natural debittering process in pomelo fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2021 Jul 1;100:103928.Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889157521001289 
  3. Gupta AK, Dhua S, Sahu PP, Abate G, Mishra P, Mastinu A. Variation in phytochemical, antioxidant and volatile composition of pomelo fruit (citrus grandis (L.) osbeck) during seasonal growth and development. Plants. 2021 Sep 17;10(9):1941. Available from https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/9/1941   
  4. Sirisomboon P, Lapchareonsuk R. Evaluation of the physicochemical and textural properties of pomelo fruit following storage. Fruits. 2012;67(6):399–413. doi:10.1051/fruits/2012034. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273809710_Evaluation_of_the_physicochemical_and_textural_properties_of_pomelo_fruit_following_storage
  5. U.S. Department of agriculture, Agriculture research service, Food data central, Pummelo raw. Published on 4 January 2019, [Cited on 28 September2022]. Available form: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/167754/nutrients
  6. Toh JJ, Khoo HE, Azrina A. Comparison of antioxidant properties of pomelo [Citrus Grandis (L) Osbeck] varieties. International Food Research Journal. 2013 Oct 1;20(4). Available from: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29752/1/Comparison%20of%20Antioxidant%20Content%20and%20Activity%20between%20Varieties%20of%20Pomelo%20(Citrus%20Grandis%20(L)%20Osbeck).pdf
  7. Lin LY, Huang CY, Chen KC, Peng RY. Pomelo fruit wastes are potentially valuable antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, antihypertensives, and antihyperglycemics. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2021 Jun;62(3):377-95. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13580-020-00325-8  
  8. Lukitaningsih E, Saputro AH, Widiasri M, Khairunnisa N, Prabaswari N, Kuswahyuningsih R. In vitro antiaging analysis of topical pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of strawberry fruit, pomelo peel, and langsat fruit extracts. Indonesian Journal of Chemometrics and Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2020:53-. Available from: https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/IJCPA/article/view/603  
  9. Aichayawanich S. The production conditions of biodegradable film containing pomelo peel extract for Staphylococcus aureus inhibition. วารสาร สมาคม วิศวกรรม เกษตร แห่ง ประเทศไทย. 2013;19(1). Available from: https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TSAEJ/article/view/64382  
  10. Chen M, Zhou SY, Fabriaga E, Zhang PH, Zhou Q. Food-drug interactions precipitated by fruit juices other than grapefruit juice: An updated review. Journal of food and drug analysis. 2018 Apr 1;26(2):S61-71. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1021949818300371  
  11. WebMD Editorial Contributor. Pomelo: health benefits, nutrients per serving, preparation information, and more. WebMD. Medically reviewed by Mikstas C; 2024 Dec 30. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-pomelo

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Shea Butter: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Since ancient times, many plant species and their products have been used by humans as food or medicines to treat illnesses. Shea butter is one such fat extracted from the shea fruit’s kernel. It is obtained from the nuts of the Vitellaria paradoxa (formerly Butyrospermum paradoxa) and Vitellaria parkii trees belonging to the family sapotaceae. Butyrospermum, which means ‘butter seed’, explains that we can extract butter from seed after processing. The shea tree grows in Nigeria, Ghana and regions of West and East Africa. It is imported to India for its several benefits. Butter is solid at normal temperature but melts quickly at body temperature. It is utilised in cosmetics as well as in the food industry1,3. We can apply it as a cream or bath product like shampoo. Let’s keep reading to learn about shea butter and its potential uses. 

Nutritional Value of Shea Butter

Shea butter contains the following nutrients and their average content per 100g dry weight1

Vitamins present in the shea butter are as follows: 

Along with these, shea butter contains triglycerides, plant sterols, saponin and triterpenes1

Properties of Shea Butter

The following are the properties of shea butter: 

Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Overall Health

1. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Healing

wound healing

Shea butter is a rich source of fatty acids and plant sterols such as linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids, which may have healing properties. Due to its anti-inflammatory property, it may be applied as an ointment. Shea butter has a lower soap formation rate than other nut oils. It also includes vitamin A, which may treat skin sensitivities such as poison ivy and bug bites. It also contains Vitamin F, which might help rejuvenate rough or damaged skin. Furthermore, it may have a soothing effect. Raw and unrefined shea butter may benefit skin rashes, stretch marks, burns, bug bites, athlete’s foot, scars, frost bites, skin peeling after tannin and arthritis1. Fatty acids present in the shea butter may help in these conditions. However, shea butter alone may not be able to help you with this condition. So, please consult a physician for a diagnosis and treatment. 

2. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Hair

Hair growth

Shea butter may protect hair against harmful free radicals in the air, water and harsh weather conditions. Shea butter has a non-greasy texture, which allows it to spread easily on the scalp. Shea butter protects hair from heat after application. This protective function may be helpful for processed or coloured hair. When applied to the hair before swimming, Shea butter may protect it from salt and chlorine. Furthermore, it may be beneficial in softening and restoring damaged or dry hair and curly hair treatments1. However, shea butter may result in serious problems. So, please visit a doctor for better health results. 

3. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Allergies

dry cough

Shea butter contains triterpenes such as e-butyrospermol, lupeol, parkeol, etc. As a result, it may lower hypersensitivity reactions such as IgE-mediated allergy reactions, which are the antibodies that cause the allergic reaction. It may also be beneficial in patients with autoimmune responses in mammals1. Although, shea butter alone may not be able to help you with allergies. So, kindly consult a physician. 

4. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Skin

skin

Shea butter may act as a sunscreen and moisturizing agent. Sunscreens work by absorbing or reflecting some of the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) light and blocking it from reaching the skin. According to a study5 done by Nahm in 2011 the cinnamate esters found in shea butter can absorb UV rays from the sun. Therefore, it may provide some sun protection. In addition, shea butter may add more moisture and nutrition to the skin in the winter and summer as it absorbs into the skin rapidly and has high water-binding characteristics, which may be helpful for skin care. Also, shea butter might protect the skin from sunburn, photo-ageing and erythema and reduce the risk of skin cancer. Nonetheless, please consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. Avoid trying self-medication because conditions could worsen. 

Vitamin E is naturally abundant in shea butter making it one of the best skin moisturizing agent. Vitamin E is known for its antioxidant activity, that may protect against cellular deterioration and increase moisture in the skin7.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

5. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Protein Metabolism

digestion

Protein metabolism may assist tissue repair and growth, allow metabolic reactions to occur and coordinate vital functions. Malachi, 2013 found that saponin in shea butter can form complexes with protein in the intestine. It may reduce protein concentrations in hepatic and renal organs, as well as in the blood. As a result, it may minimise protein metabolism in the body1. However, please visit a doctor. Self-medication with shea butter may result in serious complications. 

6. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Anti-Ageing

anti ageing

Triterpenes in shea butter might help improve collagen and elastin function, which protects the skin and provide strength. This might help in slowing the ageing process. In the study by Tran done in 1986, it was shown that shea butter has anti-erythemic activity against UV, which is the skin redness caused by an allergic reaction1. This property may soften the skin and increase cell regeneration. There is a need for more research to explore the potentiality of shea butter as an anti-ageing agent. Kindly consult the doctor for better health results. 

Anti-inflammatory compounds included in shea butter may reduce skin oedema and redness. I recommend people apply it to soothe any discomfort, including sunburns, chapped lips, and skin which is overexposed to acidic peels or washes7.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

7. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Cholesterol

cholesterol

In a study6 by Akinwale et al., 2012 saponins and linoleic acid present in shea butter may lower LDL, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in rats. In the same study, saponins in shea butter were found to form complexes with cholesterol and bile acids in the colon. As a result, rather than absorption, it produces cholesterol excretion. Furthermore, Masters et al. (2004) discovered that high levels of stearic acids in shea butter had antihypercholesterolemic properties, which may lower LDL and total cholesterol levels in the blood2. However, further research on this subject might be able to prove the effects of shea butter on cholesterol management. If you have high cholesterol levels, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate. 

8. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Cardiovascular Health

heart

In a study4 by Amegah et al., 2019 consumption of shea butter may improve cardiovascular health and reduce hypertension. Oleic acid, linoleic acid and polyphenols in shea butter may help improve cardiovascular health. However, more studies are needed to prove the role of shea butter in cardiovascular health. As cardiovascular disease is a severe condition, please consult the doctor for the same. 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of shea butter in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of shea butter on human health.  

How to Use Shea Butter?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Shea Butter

Shea butter has no known side effects. Although, if an unpleasant reaction happens, get immediate medical help. First, consult the physician who prescribed it to you; they will be able to diagnose and cure the problem. 

Precautions to Take with Shea Butter

It is important to take general safety precautions when taking any medication. It should be used cautiously, especially by pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers, and only when prescribed by your doctor. In addition, you should take caution while giving it to children and the elderly. 

Interactions with Other Drugs

There were no adverse drug interactions reported between shea butter with other drugs. However, there is not enough information to say it doesn’t interact with other medicines and is entirely safe to use; further research is in need on this topic. As a result, you must follow your doctor’s advice carefully, as their prescription depends on your health situation. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Does shea butter have a positive effect on migraine? 

No, however more research is required to determine the effect of shea butter on migraine. 

Does shea butter help in reducing the occurrence of skin cancer? 

Shea butter may be helpful in halting the process of photo-carcinogenesis which is related to tumour growth. UVB rays from the sun can cause it. These radiations have the potential to destroy cell DNA. So, shea butter might have a direct protective effect on DNA and may help in the management of skin cance1. Even so, cancer is a severe condition; please consult the doctor for diagnosis and treatment. 

How does shea butter moisturise skin and hair? 

Shea butter includes vitamins A and E, which may be helpful as a hair moisturiser. Shea butter also has semi-solid properties and buttery consistency, which might make it a good moisturiser for the scalp and skin1. Kindly consult the doctor for better health results. 

Is shea butter effective in diabetes? 

No. Although please consult the doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment, as diabetes is a severe condition. 

 

References

  1. MAANIKUU PM, PEKER K. Medicinal and nutritional benefits from the Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare. 2017;7(22):51-7. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234662463.pdf 
  2. Akinwale A, Modu S, Maisartu MA, Zainab MA, Bilkisu UM. Effect of feeding various concentrations of shea oil on some biochemical parameters in normal albino rat. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology & Life Sciences. 2012 Jan;1(2):14-7. Available from: https://bepls.com/april_2013/16.pdf 
  3. Honfo FG, Akissoe N, Linnemann AR, Soumanou M, Van Boekel MA. Nutritional composition of shea products and chemical properties of shea butter: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2014 Jan 1;54(5):673-86. Available from: (PDF) Nutritional Composition of Shea Products and Chemical Properties of Shea Butter: A Review (researchgate.net) 
  4. Amegah AK, Brahuah E, Stranges S. Cooking with shea butter is associated with lower blood pressure in the Ghanaian population. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2019 Apr 10. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332331411_Cooking_with_shea_butter_is_associated_with_lower_blood_pressure_in_the_Ghanaian_population 
  5. Hee SN. Quality characteristics of West African shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) and approaches to extend shelf-life [MSc thesis]. New Brunswick (NJ): Graduate School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; 2011. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268416576_Quality_characteristics_of_West_African_Shea_Butter_Vitellaria_paradoxa_and_approaches_to_extend_shelf-life
  6. Akinwale A, Modu S, Maisartu MA, Zainab MA, Bilkisu U MA. Effect of feeding various concentrations of shea oil on some biochemical parameters in normal albino rat. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology & Life Sciences. 2012;1(2):14–17. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365769510_Effect_of_Feeding_Various_Concentrations_of_Shea_oil_on_Some_Biochemical_Parameters_in_Normal_Albino_Rat
  7. Cleveland Clinic. 6 incredible benefits of shea butter. Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials. 2022 Oct 19 [cited 2026 Jan 7]. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/shea-butter-benefits

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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