“When life gives you lemons, make lemonade” is a famous proverbial phrase that tells us to look at the bright side and keep moving forward in life. Just like the saying, lemons or Citrus limon are bright yellow, oval-shaped edible fruits with a pronounced bulge on one end. Lemons are available in different sizes, with the raw ones being green in colour and the ripe ones turning a beautiful bright yellow. Lemons are native to the Himalayan foothills of Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and North India. In India, they are the third largest crop after bananas and mangoes and thus, they have become an economically important crop.
This flavoured fruit has a juicy yellow flesh that is sour in taste. Their tartness and citric fragrance make them a kitchen favourite. James Lind, the pioneer of clinical research, carried out the very first clinical trial in history with lemons as his focus. The findings of this trial supported the use of lemons for treating scurvy. Let’s find out more about this lovely fruit1,2!
Lemons are packed with the goodness of minerals and vitamins, especially Vitamin C and polyphenols like polymethoxyflavones. The nutritional components of lemons are mentioned in the table below.
Scientifically proven properties of C.limon include:
Some of the potential benefits of lemons are described below.
Plant constituents like polyphenols may help manage obesity. Fukuchi et al. conducted a study6 in 2008 to assess the effect of lemon polyphenols on obesity in white mice. Polyphenols in lemons might be responsible for suppressing fat accumulation and weight gain in the body. This indicates that the consumption of lemon may help in managing obesity. However, scientific evidence supporting this claim is limited, and this warrants the need for conducting further research.
Cancer is the leading cause of death, and literature reviews have shown a clear positive relationship between dietary polyphenols (which are strong antioxidants) and cancer. Al-Ataby conducted a study7 in 2022 to assess the effect of lemon and ginger administration on breast cancer tumour growth in mouse models. The findings of this study11 support that 50% of mice consuming the lemon-ginger combination did not develop tumours due to the presence of alpha-pinene and alpha-terpineol. This indicates that the consumption of lemon may show anti-cancer properties. However, we need more studies to support these claims.
Along with antihypertensive medications, herbs and CAM (complementary and alternative medicines) have increased to manage hypertension. A literature review conducted by Zuhal et al. in 2012 suggests8 that lemon juice may help reduce systolic blood pressure. Tezel et al. conducted a study in 2003 in turkey to assess the therapeutic potential of lemon juice on blood pressure maintenance. The findings of this study support the use of lemon juice as an alternative therapy for decreasing blood pressure. This indicates that consuming lemon juice may help manage blood pressure. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and this warrants the need for more clinical studies to support these claims.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways known to impair normal breathing. The use of natural products as a complementary or alternative treatment for asthma has increased. For almost 5000 years, the use of plant-based products as traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma has been reported. Costa et al. conducted a study9 in 2010 to identify plant-based natural products for managing asthma. This study identified lemon as a potent anti-asthmatic agent. Additionally, lemons may help reduce cough (anti-tussive property). This indicates that lemons may have the potential to manage asthma and may provide symptomatic relief, but we need more scientific evidence to support these claims3.
Scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C and is characterised by generalised weakness, bleeding and bruising gums, etc. Dr. James Lind was the first physician to conduct a controlled clinical10 trial in 1796. Due to the high mortality from scurvy amongst the sailors, he planned a comparative trial to assess the effect of citrus fruits like lemons and oranges on scurvy. To his surprise, Lind found that citrus fruits (lemons and oranges) were better than other treatments for scurvy. Additionally, Vitamin C is required to form collagen, which plays an important role in stopping bleeding. Therefore, lemons may help in healing wounds. This indicates that lemons, a rich source of Vitamin C, may help manage scurvy. However, more studies should be conducted to increase the reliability of these results.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of Lemons in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Lemons on human health.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Likewise, a few side effects related to the consumption of lemons include:
However, if you experience any adverse reactions to lemons, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms.
Eating lemons is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions:
Also Read: Warm Water with Honey & Lemon – Is It the Amrit for Your Health?
There is no significant interaction of lemons with other drugs. However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of lemons with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking.
The scientific name of lemons is Citrus limon1.
Yes, studies show that lemons may help in managing obesity and promoting weight loss. However, scientific evidence to support this claim is limited. Therefore, you should consult a doctor if you have any weight-related issues6.
Yes, lemons may help manage blood pressure. This effect is attributed to the presence of Vitamin C. However, the exact mechanism is unclear and more research is needed to support these claims. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have abnormal blood pressure7.
Kidney stones are formed when citric acid salt citrate binds to calcium. Consumption of lemon juice increases the urinary excretion of citrate and, thus, may reduce the risk of kidney stones. However, there is a need to conduct more studies to support these claims. It is recommended to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have kidney stones1.
Consumption of lemons in excess can increase the risk of gastric reflux disease. Lemons are acidic and can cause dental erosion over a long period. They can also increase the risk of migraines due to the presence of tyramine.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any change
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Ruby red-coloured hibiscus tea is often consumed as an alternative to regular tea and coffee. It is refreshing and has a tangy flavour. Hibiscus is found in several warm countries like India, Thailand, Vietnam, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Sudan, Egypt, Philippines, and Indonesia. The scientific name of the hibiscus is Hibiscus sabdariffa, and it belongs to the family Malvaceae. Hibiscus is commonly known as ‘roselle’ or ‘red sorrel.’ The fleshy red calyx of hibiscus is often used to make hibiscus tea. Hibiscus is a caffeine-free herbal tea that tastes like berries1. Let us look at some hibiscus tea health benefits.
Brewed hibiscus tea nutrition is as follows2:
Furthermore, hibiscus has several bioactive compounds like anthocyanin, organic acids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, carotene, and many more1.
Several studies have shown that hibiscus tea properties may be as follows1:
Some of the potential hibiscus tea uses are:
A study3 by Jamrozik et al. in 2022 showed that the polyphenols in hibiscus tea might lower blood sugar levels by inhibiting enzymes like α-glucosidase and α-amylase. These enzymes are responsible for digesting carbohydrates and increasing glucose levels after consuming food. However, further studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may help to lower blood sugar levels. Therefore, you must check your blood sugar levels regularly and immediately consult the doctor in case of abnormal sugar levels.
A study4 by McKay et al. in 2009 showed that flavonoids like delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside present in hibiscus tea might reduce blood pressure. Hibiscus is a vasorelaxant as it relaxes the tension on the walls of blood vessels; therefore, it may lower blood pressure. However, more studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may lower blood pressure. Therefore, you must check your blood pressure and consult your doctor in case of abnormal blood pressure.
A study5 by Sanadheera et al. in 2021 showed that hibiscus tea might reduce bad cholesterol levels (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein). Additionally, it may elevate good cholesterol levels (high-density lipoprotein). This may be due to the antioxidant properties of hibiscus tea. However, more studies on humans are yet to be done to check if hibiscus tea may affect cholesterol levels. Therefore, you must check your cholesterol levels and consult your doctor if you have abnormal cholesterol levels.
A study6 by Raduan et al. in 2013 showed that saponins, flavonoids, and plant sterols might reduce inflammation. Hibiscus tea may inhibit cyclooxygenase. Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that elevates the levels of prostaglandins (lipids responsible for inflammation). However, more studies on humans are yet to be done to check if hibiscus tea may reduce inflammation. You must consult your doctor if you suspect inflammation in your body.
A study7 by F.J. Alarcon-Aguilar et al. in 2007 on mice showed that anthocyanin, cyanidin, and delphinidin in hibiscus tea might reduce weight. Hibiscus tea may reduce weight by reducing the levels of cholesterol and by inhibiting the gastric and pancreatic lipases responsible for increasing the fat levels in the body7. However, this is the result of animal studies; more studies on humans are required. You must consult your dietitian before making any essential changes to your diet.
A study10 showed that hibiscus tea might possess antibacterial and antifungal activity. Hibiscus tea may possess activity against Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium from the oral cavity, Schistosoma mansoni, and Campylobacter species. In addition, hibiscus tea may reduce the formation of aflatoxin, a toxin produced by fungi. However, more studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may be beneficial for microbial infections. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect a microbial infection.
A study8 by Lin et al. in 2011 showed that hibiscus tea might act against cancer. The polyphenols, like catechin, may be an antioxidants and act against free radicals. Additionally, the polyphenols may inhibit prostate tumours and deactivate the cancerous cells. However, more studies on humans are required to check the anti-cancer effect of hibiscus tea. Therefore, you must immediately consult your doctor if you suspect it instead of self-medicating.
Though studies show the benefits of hibiscus tea in various conditions, these are insufficient, and further studies are to establish the true extent of the benefits of hibiscus tea on human health.
Here’s a quick and easy hibiscus tea recipe to follow:
You must visit a doctor before taking hibiscus tea in large quantities or any herbal products. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine or herbal preparation without consulting a doctor.
Also Read: Instant Home Remedies for Digestive Problems
Studies1 have shown that hibiscus tea is considered safe when consumed adequately. A few hibiscus tea side effects may be gas, upset stomach, and constipation9. If you notice any reaction to consuming hibiscus tea, seek immediate medical attention. Consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you.
Also Read: Natural Home Remedies For Grey Hair
The following precautions shall be taken before consuming hibiscus tea:
It is advised to consult your doctor before consuming hibiscus tea if you have any pre-existing diseases.
Hibiscus tea may interact with the following medicines
You must consult a doctor before taking hibiscus tea if you are undergoing medical treatment.
Also Read: Everyday Benefits of Jeera Water That You Should Know!
Hibiscus tea helps lower blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and blood pressure. It may reduce inflammation, help manage weight, and act against microbial infections. In addition, it may act as an antioxidant and reduce cancer risk. However, you must visit your doctor if you have any of the mentioned conditions instead of self-medicating.
Hibiscus tea contains various vitamins, including vitamin C, which contributes to immune support and skin health. Additionally, it provides traces of vitamin A and vitamin B, enhancing its nutritional profile.
Hibiscus tea boasts a rich antioxidant profile, featuring anthocyanins that contribute to its vibrant colour and help combat oxidative stress. These antioxidants may provide potential health benefits, such as supporting heart health and reducing inflammation.
Yes, hibiscus tea is slightly acidic due to its natural compounds. However, it’s generally considered safe for most people, but individuals with acid sensitivity may want to consume it in moderation.
Hibiscus tea benefits may include supporting kidney health, as it has been associated with lowering blood pressure and reducing oxidative stress. However, individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating it into their diet.
While some believe hibiscus tea may help relieve menstrual cramps and promote a healthy menstrual cycle due to its reported anti-inflammatory properties, scientific evidence is limited. Individuals seeking relief for period-related discomfort should consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.
Hibiscus tea might aggravate gastritis symptoms for some individuals due to its natural acidity. It’s advisable for those with gastritis to consult with a healthcare professional to determine whether hibiscus tea is suitable for their specific condition.
Hibiscus tea is caffeine-free, making it a suitable choice for individuals looking to avoid or limit caffeine intake. It offers a refreshing option for those seeking a beverage without the stimulating effects of caffeine.
Hibiscus tea may be beneficial for individuals with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) as it could potentially help regulate blood pressure and manage insulin resistance. However, individual responses vary, and consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised advice is recommended for those with PCOS.
While hibiscus tea is rich in antioxidants that may promote scalp health, scientific evidence on its direct impact on hair growth is limited. For optimal hair growth, it’s crucial to maintain a well-balanced diet and consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.
Absolutely, you can enjoy hibiscus tea in the morning. Its caffeine-free nature makes it a refreshing and suitable beverage to start your day, offering a burst of flavour without the stimulating effects of caffeine.
While hibiscus tea is generally considered safe, breastfeeding individuals should consume it in moderation due to limited research on its effects during lactation. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before including hibiscus tea in your diet while breastfeeding.
Certainly, drinking hibiscus tea on an empty stomach is generally fine for most people. However, individual reactions vary, so it’s wise to monitor how your body responds. If you experience any discomfort, consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.
Consuming hibiscus tea leaves is generally not recommended, as they can be tough and have a strong, concentrated flavour. If you’re considering incorporating hibiscus into your diet, it’s advisable to seek guidance from a healthcare professional to ensure safe and suitable consumption.
Yes, you can drink hibiscus tea while fasting. Its lack of calories and potential health benefits make it a suitable beverage during fasting periods. However, individual responses vary, so it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional, especially if you have specific health concerns or conditions.
Hibiscus tea may support gut health due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, individual reactions vary, and it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice on incorporating hibiscus tea for gut health.
Hibiscus tea boasts a unique flavour profile characterised by its tart and slightly fruity notes. Its vibrant crimson hue complements its refreshing taste, offering a delightful balance of sweetness and acidity.
Hibiscus tea is considered beneficial for the skin due to its antioxidant-rich composition, potentially supporting a healthy complexion and combating free radicals. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice on integrating hibiscus tea into your skincare routine.
Hibiscus tea benefits may include supporting a fatty liver as it has been linked to liver health support and lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, it’s crucial to seek guidance from a healthcare professional for personalised advice tailored to individual health conditions and needs.
While hibiscus tea is generally considered safe, excessive consumption may interfere with thyroid function due to its iodine content. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice, especially if you have thyroid issues, to ensure it aligns with your specific health needs.
Yes, hibiscus tea can be consumed at night. It is caffeine-free and may promote relaxation, making it a suitable choice before bedtime. However, individual responses may vary, so it’s advisable to monitor how your body reacts to it.
Hibiscus tea is mildly acidic and may potentially irritate the bladder in some individuals. If you have a history of bladder issues, it’s recommended to monitor your body’s response and consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.
Hibiscus tea is caffeine-free and contains compounds that may have a mild sedative effect, potentially promoting relaxation and aiding in sleep. However, individual responses vary, so it’s advisable to observe how your body reacts and consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised guidance.
While hibiscus tea is generally safe, it contains compounds that may have mild anticoagulant effects. Consuming large amounts could potentially contribute to bleeding issues, so individuals on blood-thinning medications or with bleeding disorders should consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating it into their diet.
To make hibiscus tea, take 2 teaspoons of dried hibiscus petals (or 2–3 fresh petals) in 1 cup of hot water for 5–10 minutes. Strain and enjoy warm or chilled.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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As children, when we went to the market with our mother to buy fruits and many of us were fascinated looking at the large spiky fruit. That fruit is none other than the king of fruits, the durian. The scientific name of durian is Durio zibethinus and belongs to the family Bombaceae. It is an exotic seasonal tropical fruit known for its unique taste and aroma. The word ‘durian’ is derived from the Malay word ‘Duri’, which signifies the thorns of the fruit. Durian has more than 200 varieties with distinct aromas, textures, and flavours. Durian is abundantly grown in Malaysia. It is also found in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Madagascar, Hawaii, and Florida1. Let us look at some of the durian health benefits.
Durian may contain bioactive compounds like fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, apigenin, flavonols, anthocyanin, gallic acid, carotenoids, lutein, tannins, and ascorbic acid. Durian may have a high amount of energy compared to other tropical fruits2. Additionally, durian may contain the following nutritional components:
Several studies have shown that durian may have the following properties:
Based on my observations, the traditional uses suggest that durian fruit may have valuable health-promoting qualities. It is commonly associated with benefits such as immune system enhancement and promoting wound healing. However, further scientific study is required to back up such claims9.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Durian may possess antioxidant properties due to the presence of bioactive compounds like polyphenols and flavonoids. Durian may show its antioxidant potential by deactivating harmful free radicals. Free radicals are atoms that damage the cells to cause diseases1,2. However, further studies are required to check if durian can help to manage oxidative stress in the human body.
Durian may have a low glycemic index when compared to other tropical fruits. The glycemic index is a value to measure how much a particular food raises the blood sugar level. The fibres present in durian may slow down digestion, slow down the conversion of carbohydrates to glucose and may help in lowering the glycemic index of the food2. However, further studies are required to check the effect of durian on humans. You must consult your doctor in case of abnormal sugar levels. Do not self-medicate.
A study4 conducted on rats by Haurenkit et al. in 2007 showed a possible decrease in bad cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)2. Additionally, esters like methyl propionate, ethyl propionate and propyl propionate may inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Further investigation is required to check the effect of durian on humans. However, you must check your cholesterol levels regularly and contact your doctor in case of high cholesterol levels.
Bioactive compounds like polyphenols present in durian may be beneficial for cancer due to their ability to relieve oxidative stress. In addition, these polyphenols may inhibit growth and kill cancer cells2. A study5 by Jayakumar et al. showed that durian might show its anti-proliferative effect (inhibit breast cancer cells) due to the presence of polyphenols. However, further studies are yet to be done on humans to check the effect of durian on humans. Therefore, you must seek medical help if you are diagnosed with cancer instead of self-medicating.
Durian may contain fibres which are beneficial for proper digestion. The fibre in durian is insoluble and it may help to control diarrhoea. Additionally, the fibres in durian may stimulate the peristaltic movement and the secretion of various enzymes required for digestion1. More studies are needed to check whether durian can help to enhance digestion. However, you must consult your doctor if you have any symptoms of digestive disorders.
The leaves and roots of durian may be used in case of malaria. It may lower the temperature of the body due to its antipyretic effect. Further, durian may relieve cold, jaundice and phlegm (mucous)1. However, more research is needed to check if durian may be beneficial for malaria and jaundice. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you have malaria or jaundice instead of self-medicating.
Though studies show the benefits of durian in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of durian on human health.
From what I have seen over the years, durian fruit might be helpful for people who have difficulty sleeping. Thus, it may have potential benefits for individuals experiencing insomnia9.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Various parts of durian fruit can be consumed in the following way:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking durian in large quantities or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
The side effects of durian may be as follows:
You must immediately consult your doctor if you experience any side effects after consuming durian.
The following precautions must be taken before consuming durian:
It is advised to consult your doctor before consuming durian if you have any pre-existing diseases.
Also Read: Bilimbi: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh
Durian may interact with the following drugs:
You must consult your doctor before consuming durian if you are undergoing medical treatment.
Also Read: Singhara (Water Chestnut): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode
Durian may act against diseases like diabetes, cancer, malaria, and jaundice. It may also improve digestion and reduce cholesterol levels1,2,4,5,6. However, you must consult your doctor if you are diagnosed with any disease instead of self-medicating.
Durian may cause hyperkalaemia and allergic reactions, leading to anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions in the body)7,8. It may also cause urticaria (itchy skin), nasal congestion, rhinorrhea (runny nose), hoarseness and vomiting. You must consult your doctor if you experience any side effects.
Durian may contain bioactive compounds like fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, quercitin, apigenin, anthocyanin, gallic acid, carotenoids, lutein, tannins, and ascorbic acid. It may contain carbohydrates, fibres, proteins, vitamins, and fats. It may also contain minerals like magnesium, calcium, potassium, phosphorous, and iron3.
Durian may have a low glycemic index when compared to other tropical fruits. The flavonoids, polyphenols and dietary fibres present may lower blood sugar levels. You must consult your doctor in case of abnormal sugar levels1,2.
Paracetamol and alcohol may interact with durian. When durian reacts with paracetamol, blood pressure may be reduced. Durian may inhibit the absorption of alcohol.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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The majority of the insect bites that occur worldwide are mosquito bites. Although mosquito bites are non-threatening, they may transmit disease-causing pathogens and pose a severe threat. Mosquitoes are insects scientifically known as Anopheles, Aedes and Culex. Did you know the larger female mosquitos bite as they need blood and nourishment to produce eggs1? A mosquito bite can give you diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya and zika. About 700 million people die every year because of diseases caused by mosquito bites.
Prevention is better than cure is the motto to steer clear of these diseases. Simple and quick remedies at home may help relieve a mosquito bite. However, if you notice signs of infectious disease, you might need medical help.
Continue reading to learn more about mosquito bites, their consequences and how to manage them with easy and natural home remedies.
A red itchy bump that disappears on its own is common after a mosquito bite but some people may experience symptoms that are more severe and can include rash, large areas of excessive swelling, and even bruising, this is called Skeeter syndrome which needs medical management.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
The female mosquitoes are the ones that suck blood for nourishment. Mosquitoes possess a long mouthpart shaped like a tiny needle pierces your skin, sucks your blood and secretes saliva into your bloodstream2.
Here are some risk factors that make you prone to mosquito bites,
You may experience itching and swelling at the site of the bite if you are bitten by mosquitoes2. other signs include:
More severe symptoms of a mosquito bite can be observed in:
More severe reactions seen may be:
Insect bite reactions can sometimes be severe and in bee bites some people can get severe reaction called anaphylaxis which should be treated by a doctor.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)
Insect bites and skin reactions can look quite similar, which often leads to confusion. Knowing how to tell them apart can help you decide on the right care.
Here is a simple comparison:
| Feature | Mosquito Bite6 | Bed Bug Bite5 | Allergic Reaction |
| Appearance (shape & pattern) | Single, round, puffy red bumps scattered randomly | Multiple bites arranged in a line, cluster, or zigzag pattern | Widespread hives, raised welts, or red patches spreading beyond one spot |
| Common location | Exposed skin on arms, legs, neck, face | Areas exposed during sleep on the back, arms, neck, shoulders, and legs | Can appear on multiple parts of the body, not limited to the bite site |
| Timing | Appears within minutes of the bite | Slower takes a few hours to several days to show | Can appear rapidly (within minutes) and may worsen quickly |
| Itching pattern | Intense itch soon after, usually settles in 1–2 days | Often itchier, may persist for several days | Widespread, persistent itching across the body |
If you are unsure what caused a bite or reaction, or if symptoms keep spreading, consult a doctor for a proper assessment.
Here are some natural ingredients that you may use to remedy mosquito bites. You can use these remedies at home to help with the pain, inflammation and itching of mosquito bites.
You may rub ice on a mosquito bite. It might help reduce blood flow to the area, decreasing inflammation. It may also help with the pain and itching. If you are using ice or an ice pack, make sure to wrap it in a light towel first and then apply it at the site of the mosquito bite to get relief2.
Aloe vera gel is a common ingredient in several herbal remedies. The gel contains salicylic acid, an active component capable of reducing pain and itching. You may apply aloe vera gel directly onto the mosquito bite2.
Honey is an ingredient packed with many properties that may help relieve pain and itching. Honey is known to contain an enzyme called catalase, which may provide relief from inflammation. Apply honey directly to the mosquito bite. Make sure to use unprocessed honey2.
Gluten present in oatmeal may help soothe mosquito bites. You can take some oatmeal and grind it into fine powder. To this powder, add some warm water to make a thick paste. You may apply this paste directly to the mosquito bite. Make sure to cover the bite completely. Keep it for some time and then wipe it off using a clean towel2.
Chamomile flowers are rich in chemicals like flavonoids and triterpenoids. These chemicals may show antioxidant and antihistamine properties. These properties may help reduce pain, inflammation and itchiness of the mosquito bite. You can take a chamomile tea bag and put it in water. Wait till the water turns golden brown. Take out the tea bag and squeeze it to remove excess water. The tea bag can be pressed directly against the mosquito bite for some time to get relief. You can remove the tea bag and wipe the bite with a clean towel2.
If you encounter fever, nausea, vomiting, body ache within 2 weeks of seemingly related mosquito bites, contact your physician for an accurate diagnosis.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Also Read: Effective Home Remedies for Scabies
Baking soda may help you reduce the itchiness of the mosquito bite. To use baking soda, mix a teaspoon of baking soda with some water to make a smooth paste. You can apply this paste to the mosquito bite to get relief. Leave the paste for some time and wash it off with water3.
Camphor is an effective remedy for a wide range of health concerns. It may reduce inflammation and itching of the mosquito bite. You may apply camphor oil directly on the mosquito bite to get quick relief from symptoms.
There is historical evidence showing the use of thyme for inflammatory skin conditions. In addition, thyme has been used for treating mosquito bites, although there is insufficient evidence to prove its efficacy4. You may dilute thyme oil with a carrier oil such as olive or coconut oil.
Serpent root is a medicinal herb known as Isvari in Hindi. There are many ways to use serpent root insect bites, such as mosquitoes. You may consume fresh juice of leaves of serpent root plant with some pepper powder to get relief. The leaves’ paste might be directly applied over the mosquito bite to relieve the symptoms.
Though some studies show the benefits of the given herb and home remedies for mosquito bites, these are insufficient. There is a need for large scale human studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of these home remedies on human health. Thus, these should only be taken cautiously and never as a substitute for medical treatment.
The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends using a cold, damp cloth or an ice pack to relieve the itching caused by a mosquito bite. A bag of crushed ice can also work well in a pinch. Do not put ice directly on your skin, because it can cause damage.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)
Most mosquito bites heal on their own. However, scratching can break the skin and allow bacteria to enter, sometimes leading to a secondary infection. Watch out for these warning signs7:
If you notice any of these signs, especially red streaks, spreading warmth, or fever, you should seek medical help promptly. These can indicate an infection that may need antibiotics or further treatment. Do not rely on home remedies alone if the bite appears to be getting worse rather than better.
Mosquitoes can carry serious diseases such as dengue, malaria, chikungunya, and zika. While most bites are harmless, certain symptoms appearing after a bite need urgent medical attention. Keep this red flag list in mind8:
If you develop any of these symptoms within a few days or weeks of a mosquito bite, particularly after travelling to or living in a mosquito-prone area, contact a doctor immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can be crucial for these conditions.
Prevention remains the most effective way to avoid mosquito bites and the diseases they may carry. Here are some steps you can take9:
Being extra cautious during dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active, the mosquitoes that transmit dengue, chikungunya, and Zika often bite during the daytime. Therefore, protective measures should be followed throughout the day whenever possible. can further lower your chances of being bitten.
Babies and young children have delicate skin and are more sensitive to many products, so mosquito bite care for them needs extra caution10.
Here are some safety-focused options:
What to avoid in babies:
For infants, especially those under a few months old, it is always best to consult a paediatrician before using any cream or repellent.
Several over-the-counter products are widely available at pharmacies and online platforms that may help manage the itching and discomfort of mosquito bites. These fall into a few general categories:
These products may help manage mild bites when used as directed, but always read the label and check suitability for your skin, age group, and any allergies. If symptoms do not improve or you experience a strong reaction, consult a doctor before continuing use.
Note: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for guidance specific to your condition, and before using any new product, especially on children or sensitive skin.
You need to seek medical help at the earliest if you experience any of the following:
You must not rely on home remedies alone for treating mosquito bites and should consult a qualified doctor for any advice for the condition if the symptoms do not improve with home remedies.
Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Stretch Marks
Mosquito bites though usually harmless, may spread disease-causing pathogens. You may experience swelling, itchiness, and pain at the site of the bite. However, you can use some common herbs and ingredients to remedy mosquito bites. Herbs like chamomile, aloe vera, and thyme may help you reduce the inflammation and itching of the mosquito bite. You can also apply honey, oatmeal, or ice packs on the mosquito bite to get relief. Wearing thick clothing and staying indoors when the mosquito activity is highest are some ways you can prevent getting bitten. Sometimes, mosquitoes may spread infectious diseases. Therefore, if you experience signs of fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, and body ache following a mosquito bite, contact your healthcare provider immediately, as it can signify a severe health condition.
Also Read: Best Home Remedies For Whiteheads
You may use ingredients like thyme, chamomile, honey, oatmeal, aloe vera and camphor on your mosquito bite. These ingredients may help reduce irritation, itching and swelling of the mosquito bite. You may use ice packs wrapped in a light towel onto the mosquito bite to minimize swelling.
Fumigating the home with neem leaves or Indian borage leaves can help eliminate mosquitoes. Placing camphor oil around the corners of your house may also help.
Yes, you may fall ill following a mosquito bite. You may get infected if you get bit by a mosquito carrying infectious pathogens. If you notice signs of fever, headache, body ache, nausea and vomiting, reach out to your doctor immediately.
Most mosquito bites are not that serious. However, you should consult a doctor if you notice signs of infectious illness. The symptoms are fever, nausea, fatigue, headache and body pain.
1. Seda J, Horrall S. Mosquito Bites. Veterinary Allergy [Internet]. 2021 Oct 28 [cited 2022 Jul 19];267–70. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539915/
2. Mosquito Bites: What They Look Like, Why They Itch & Treatment [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 19]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17695-mosquito-bites
3. Basch E, Ulbricht C, Hammerness P, Bevins A, Sollars D. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Thymol. http://dx.doi.org/101080/J157v04n01_07 [Internet]. 2009 Jan [cited 2022 Jul 20];4(1):49–67. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/J157v04n01_07
4. Vassiliou E, Awoleye O, Davis A, Mishra S. Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties of Thyme Oil and Its Main Constituents. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 8;24(8):6936. doi: 10.3390/ijms24086936. PMID: 37108100; PMCID: PMC10138399. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10138399/
5. Cleveland Clinic. Bed bugs and bed bug bites. Cleveland Clinic; 2022. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17847-bedbugs
6. National Health Service (NHS). Insect bites and stings. London: NHS; Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insect-bites-and-stings/
7. Cellulitis. Cleveland Clinic; 2022. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15071-cellulitis
8. Dengue and severe dengue. Geneva: World Health Organization; Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/dengue-and-severe-dengue#tab=tab_1
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing mosquito bites. Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2024. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/prevention/index.html
10. American Academy of Pediatrics. How to choose an insect repellent for your child. HealthyChildren.org. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Insect-Repellents.aspx
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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Have you seen a snake like appearing vegetable? If not, then you might be astonished to know that there is a greenish white (when immature) long and cylindrical vegetable that turns dark red (when mature)1. It is known as snake gourd, long tomato, tomato gourd or viper gourd in various countries. It is commonly grown in Asian countries like India, Sri Lanka, Peninsula, Philippines and Malaysia. The plant is a creeper and belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae2.
Snake gourd is scientifically known as Trichosanthes cucumerina. In India, it is referred to by a different name in region.
For example, it is known as Pudalankaai in Tamil
Snake gourd has been used in Ayurveda and Siddha since ancient times. The entire plant of snake gourd might be beneficial as the roots, leaves, fruits and seeds all have potential benefits against various ailments. In traditional medicine systems of Ayurveda and Siddha, it is used in polyherbal preparations1.
Snake gourd has a high nutritional value with the following nutrients present in it.
Snake gourd might have the following properties:
Snake gourd belongs to the pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae). Due to its long, slender and curving-like snake, it is known as a ’snake gourd’. It can easily reach up to 1.5 m in length3.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
There are very few studies to know the potential benefits of snake gourd. The existing studies show that snake gourd might have the following potential uses for human health.
A study2 was conducted on Albino rats to explore the antidiabetic potential of snake gourd. In this study2 it was found that the ethanolic extract of snake gourd might have a positive effect on the blood sugar level. Snake gourd might help in increasing the glucose tolerance of the body through absorption into surrounding tissues. Therefore, it might be helpful for diabetes. However, more research on humans is required to prove these effects. Moreover, it is advised that you consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment for serious conditions such as diabetes2.
In the study2 conducted by Arawwawala proved that snake gourd might help protect the stomach from damage from substances such as ethanol and indomethacin. The snake gourd extract might help increase the protective mucous layer of the stomach, may interfere with the activities causing damage to stomach cells (antihistamine activity) or may help decrease the acidity of the gastric juice. However, further research is required to prove these claims.
As previously mentioned, the whole plant of snake gourd was used in traditional medicine. The protective activity towards liver might be attributed to the whole plant. The ethanol extract of the whole plant might have potential to protect the liver from carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity2. However, this is not a substitute for a consultation with a health professional2.
It was seen in animal models that snake gourd might have the potential to help relieve inflammation. In an experiment done by Kolte RM et al. in 1997, the hot root extract of snake gourd showed the potential to alleviate inflammation seen in animal models. However, further research on humans is required to prove these effects2.
The root extract and the fruit extract of snake gourd were tested for their effect against cancer cells. This study conducted by Kongtun S et al. in 1999 showed that both these extracts of snake gourd showed the potential to be effective against the growth of breasts, lungs and colon cancer. Further, it was seen that the root extract showed greater potential than the fruit extract. Therefore, snake gourd might have the potential to help against cancer. Please note that cancer is a serious condition and must be properly diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Kindly visit a doctor and do not self-medicate2.
A study2 showed that snake gourd might be effective against larva of certain insects. Therefore, it might help with certain infections caused by insects.
Traditionally, snake gourd has been used to cure certain ailments. So, it might have the potential to help with fever, headache, alopecia, skin allergy, colic (sudden or abrupt stomach pain), boils, diarrhoea, haematuria (blood in urine), bronchitis, malaria, etc2.
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of snake gourd in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefit of snake gourd on human health.
Snake gourd is a vegetable that is usually cooked before eating. It can be had in form of curry, stir fried or added to soups.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Due to its rich vitamin and mineral contents, snake gourd might stimulate new hair growth. It might also help in strengthening weak hair follicles. Additionally, snake gourd might also help in reducing dandruff4.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Although snake gourd is relatively well consumed as a vegetable, the side effects of snake gourd are yet to be studied. If you notice any unusual symptoms after eating it, you should consult a doctor immediately.
Also Read: Kale: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode
It is advised that you follow the general precautions such as looking for the quality of snake gourd before its consumption. It is important to take extra caution along with doctor’s advice before giving snake gourd to pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, elderly individuals and children.
Also Read: Turmeric (Haldi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!
Snake gourd might react with certain drugs and have adverse reactions. However, there is insufficient data regarding the drug interactions. Therefore, it is best that you consult a doctor, especially if you are undergoing any treatment.
Also Read: Pumpkin (Kaddu): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh
Snake gourd may be helpful in diabetes, for stomach against inflammation and parasitic infestations, etc. However, the potential uses of snake gourd need to be further investigated. Therefore, please consult a doctor for the mentioned conditions and do not self-medicate1,2.
Nutrients present in snake gourd are carbohydrates, proteins, fats and water. The predominant minerals present in snake gourd are potassium and phosphorous. It contains vitamins A and E. It also contains various bioactive components like carotenoids, flavonoids, etc1.
As seen in several studies, snake gourd might increase the glucose tolerance, may increase the uptake of glucose by surrounding cells, might have insulin-like actions. Therefore, it may be helpful in diabetes. However, please consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Do not self-medicate.
There are no reports regarding the benefits of snake gourd for skin. Therefore, there is need for more research.
Snake gourd is known by different names in different languages. It is known as Chachinda in Hindi. Some of its other names are, Pudalankaai in Tamil, Potlakaaya in Telugu, Chichinga/Chichingae in Bengali, Padabali in Gujarati, Galatori in Punjabi, Aduvulakaayi in Kannada and Padavalanga in Malayalam.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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Isn’t it astonishing that papaya fruit juice with an agreeable musky tang, served at most brunches, would benefit health? Papaya is often seen in hues of yellow, orange, and green. It is a tropical fruit power-packed with nutrients. The scientific name of papaya is Carica Papaya, belonging to the family Caricaceae. Papaya is majorly produced in Central and South America. Papaya is said to be a multipurpose commercial food crop1. Let us read more about this nutritious and colorful fruit loaded with benefits2.
Did you know?
The phytoconstituents present in papaya juice may have the following properties:
I highly recommend the consumption of papaya Juice in your daily diet routine. Papaya juice might be your ally in your weight loss journey. This fruit juice is low in calories, with only about 57 calories in a 100g product. According to studies, fruit has a significant potential to lower the risk of obesity. Drink a couple of glasses of fresh papaya regularly that may burn fat firsthand7.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Papaya fruit juice may also show similar effects as that of papaya fruit. Therefore, there may be many benefits to drinking papaya juice.
Papaya juice may have anti-ulcer activity. Studies1 were conducted on ulcer-induced rats where the consumption of papaya juice significantly reduced gastric acidity. Further studies on humans are required to check the anti-ulcer activity of papaya juice. However, you should consult your doctor if you have ulcers instead of self-medicating.
The benefits of papaya juice for immunity have been observed in mouse models. This study3 showed that papaya juice might help improve immunity, specifically humoral immunity (producing antibodies responsible for fighting various disease-causing organisms). However, further studies on humans are required to know about the use of papaya juice in improving immunity.
Studies3 have shown that ripe and raw papaya juice may be used for diarrhea. It may possess activity against gut pathogens. Studies conducted on rat models show the action of papaya juice against diarrhea. Further studies on humans need to be performed to study the use of papaya juice in diarrhea. You must seek medical advice if you are experiencing any discomfort when you have diarrhoea.
There are some papaya juice benefits for the stomach. Consumption of papaya after meals may help improve digestion and prevent bloating. Research shows papaya may increase iron absorption from rice-based meals in Indian women. In addition, papaya may be used in preparations to avoid constipation4.
Studies have shown that papaya enzymes like papain and chymopapain may help reduce inflammation and heal wounds. Papaya helps in quick wound healing, being rich in fibrin, an essential factor in blood clotting. However, in case of injury, please consult a doctor instead of self-medicating with papaya4.
Macular degeneration refers to damage to the macular part of the retina. Vitamin A may help reduce the risk of macular degeneration. Papaya contains carotenoids which may be a good source of vitamin A. So, taking papaya might help with preventing age-related macular degeneration. You should consult your doctor if you are experiencing trouble with your vision instead of self-medicating4.
Firstly, papaya juice is a source of vitamin A, which may be beneficial for lung cancer Studies have shown the possible protective actions of Vitamin A against lung inflammation4. Therefore, the consumption of papaya juice may help in the case of lung cancer. Secondly, papaya juice is a good source of lycopene which may be used to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. A study observed that lycopene-rich food like papaya juice might help prevent prostate cancer. However, as cancer is a serious disease, you should consult your doctor instead of self-medicating4.
Papaya juice may possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. The antifungal activity might be because of proteins and chitinase enzymes in papaya juice. Chitinase may also be responsible for its antibacterial activity. However, further studies need to be conducted for the large-scale use of papaya juice for its antibacterial and antifungal action. You must consult your general practitioner to treat any bacterial or fungal infection4.
Though studies show the benefits of papaya juice in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of papaya juice on human health.
From my observations, a life-threatening illness, such as fatty liver, that may result in liver cirrhosis, may be avoided with papaya juice. According to the studies7, the number of lipids in the liver dramatically decreased and inflammatory processes subsided in a group of experimental individuals who drank papaya juice every day for 12 weeks.
Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS, M.S.
Papaya juice can be used in the following ways:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a doctor.
I read that the juice obtained from pressing papaya leaves is also beneficial. Studies7 suggest that alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer activities, are abundantly present in this liquid. Papaya leaf tincture may frequently be used in dealing with dengue fever as it potentially encourages platelet production.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: Cranberry Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Papaya juice side effects are as follows:
If you experience any adverse reactions to papaya juice, immediately seek medical help from your doctor.
General precautions must be followed before consuming papaya juice:
Also Read: ABC Juice (Apple, Beetroot & Carrot): What It Is, Benefits, Side Effects & More
Papaya juice may interact with the following medications:
You should not stop or alter your ongoing medicines. You should consult your doctor before consuming papaya juice if you are taking any other medications. However, if you experience discomfort after consuming papaya juice, you must seek medical help.
Also Read: Tender Coconut Water: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Siddharth Gupta
There might be potential use of papaya juice for improving immunity, promoting digestive health, healing wounds, ulcers, diarrhoea, cancer and microbial infections1,3,4.
Pregnant women must take extra precautions before drinking papaya juice. It is essential to seek medical advice from your doctor before drinking papaya juice during pregnancy6.
Yes, papaya may be the potential to heal a wound due to its wound-healing properties4.
Yes, papaya juice may be used for diabetes; however, if you are on anti-diabetic medication, you should avoid consuming papaya juice to avoid a drop in blood glucose6.
Medicines like Amiodarone, Levothyroxine, and warfarin may interact with papaya juice6.
1. Vij T, Prashar Y. A review on medicinal properties of Carica papaya Linn. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2015;5(1):1–6. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 31]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2222180814606174
2. Food Data Central [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 31]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169926/nutrients
3. Sharma A, Bachheti A, Sharma P, Bachheti RK, Husen A. Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, nanoparticle fabrication, commercial products and waste utilization of Carica papaya L.: A comprehensive review. Current Research in Biotechnology. 2020 Nov 1;2:145–60. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 31]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590262820300162
4. Amanat Ali, Sankar Devarajan, Mostafa Waly, Mohamed M. Essa. Nutritional and Medicinal Values of Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 31]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324418355
5. G. Aravind, Debjit Bhowmik, Duraivel S, Gudivada Harish. Traditional and medicinal uses of Carica papaya [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 31]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285028880_Traditional_and_medicinal_uses_of_Carica_papaya
6. Papaya: MedlinePlus Supplements [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 31]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/488.html#Dosage
7. Eliseeva T. Papaya juice — 7 scientifically proven health benefits [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2026 Jan 23]. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/papaya-juice-7-scientifically-proven-health-benefits/viewer
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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Did you know that pomegranate comes under the category of berry? Yes, it’s true. However, it has its own family called Punicaceae, to which it belongs. Punica granatum L. also known as pomegranate, is a plant that can grow even in dry areas. It is widely cultivated in India, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, Spain and Tunisia1. Along with date palm, fig, grape and olive, pomegranate is one of the oldest cultivated fruit2.
Furthermore, pomegranate might have health benefits, so consuming it may be fruitful. Due to its high antioxidant content, humble pomegranate juice may be more beneficial than green tea or red wine1. The potential uses of pomegranate juice have been explained in detail below.
The nutrients in pomegranate juice and their percentage content are as follows:
It also contains small amounts of:
Did you know?
Pomegranate juice may be of use as it may have the following properties:
Pomegranate (Anar) juice may have potential uses due to its properties. Some of the potential uses of pomegranate juice are as follows:
Pomegranate juice may have potential benefits for the skin, as observed in a study1. The results show that it might protect the skin from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun (UV-B radiation) by preventing the production of certain toxic compounds in the skin. This action of pomegranate juice might help with photo-aging (age changes of the skin caused by light) and skin cancer.
Elevated blood pressure (known as hypertension) is one of the common diseases occurring in people nowadays. Various studies have shown that pomegranate juice might help with high blood pressure. For example, one animal study1 showed that giving pomegranate juice to rats regularly might help the mean arterial blood pressure(i.e. the average blood pressure during each heart cycle). However, more research is needed to know the exact role it plays and how safe it is.
Research on animals has shown that the potential use of pomegranate juice for weight loss might be due to the presence of bioactive compounds, which act in different ways like decreasing lipid (fats) formation, increasing fat breakdown, and inhibiting the enzymes responsible for fat formation. These actions might help in losing weight2. However, there is a need for much more comprehensive human research to prove its use.
I’ll let you know an amusing study result. In a study, pomegranate juice was tested for improving erections in men with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. After consuming the juice approximately 47% of participants reported possible improvement. Although statistical significance was not reached, the study suggests that larger groups and longer action periods may show more conclusive results8.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
In people with diabetes, there is usually a sudden rise in blood sugar immediately after taking food. Recently, in laboratory studies, it was seen that pomegranate juice might have the potential to help in lowering blood glucose levels post-prandially (after food). This action might be because pomegranate juice may reduce the digestibility of starch (a complex sugar)2. This might be one of the advantages of pomegranate juice for diabetes. However, more research is required for its safe use.
A wide range of research has shown that pomegranate juice might be valuable as it can potentially affect cancer, affecting different organs. Some of the potential uses are as follows:
There is insufficient evidence available for the use of pomegranate juice for cancer. Therefore, there is a further need for more research on using pomegranate juice for cancer that needs concrete scientific evidence.
Arthritis is a disease which affects the joints. There are different kinds of arthritis, and pomegranate might be helpful for osteoarthritis (disease-causing destruction of joints slowly and progressively) and rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune disorder the immune system causes joint destruction).
In my perspective, by regularly consuming pomegranate juice, you may be able to protect your arteries and promote heart health. Pomegranate juice contains antioxidants that might reduce oxidative stress and help ward off atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries7.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Pomegranate juice might be beneficial in the following conditions:
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of pomegranate juice in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of pomegranate juice on human health.
I came across a shocking research! It suggests that drinking pomegranate juice might help reduce oxidative stress in the placenta of pregnant women. It may also avert the death of important cells in the placenta called trophoblasts. This means that consuming pomegranate juice during pregnancy may potentially protect the placenta and benefit the developing baby6.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Pomegranate juice can be found on the market in the juice form, ready to drink. You can also make fresh pomegranate juice using the pomegranate fruit. You can take a pomegranate and peel off the skin, pick out the seeds, and blend them in a juicer or blender to get fresh pomegranate juice. Then, you can drink the fresh juice of pomegranate as it is without adding anything else.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
There are no sufficient reports to show the side effects of pomegranate juice when taken in moderation. However, you should ensure that you are not allergic to pomegranate before drinking it. In addition, do not use it for self-medication or replacing an ongoing therapy medicine. You should consult your Ayurvedic physician, who will be able to guide you regarding the particular usage of pomegranate juice if and when necessary for your specific condition. The choice of treatment is at the discretion of your doctor basis your consultation with them.
Also Read: Orange Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!
General precautions are to be followed when you take pomegranate juice. Suppose you are suffering from any condition or are on any medication a discussion with your doctor before taking pomegranate juice is better, as some medicines might react with it. Furthermore, pregnant women or breastfeeding should also consult a doctor regarding the safety of pomegranate juice before drinking it.
Also Read: Beetroot Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Studies on mice have shown that pomegranate juice may alter or interfere with the activity or breakdown of the following drugs:
Therefore, if you are on any medication, you should ensure that you discuss with your doctor whether it’s safe to take pomegranate juice or not.
Also Read: Giloy Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!
Drinking pomegranate juice might help with the skin, arthritis, blood sugar, etc1,2. However, more studies are required to state the use of pomegranate juice for human health.
Pomegranate (Anar) might potentially aid weight loss by reducing the formation of fats, increasing their breakdown and decreasing their production. Therefore, pomegranate juice might have the potential to help with weight loss2. However, more research is required to claim the above-stated effects.
Pomegranate juice might be good for the skin as it may help in protecting the skin from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays (UVB), photo-ageing and skin cancer1. However, extensive research is required to prove the potential uses of pomegranate juice for the skin.
The health uses of pomegranate juice are that it might potentially have effects on the skin, diabetes, weight loss, blood pressure, cancer, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, wound healing, HIV and other infections and malaria1,2. However, more research is required for the use of pomegranate juice for human health.
There are no reports of the benefits of pomegranate juice when applied to hair. There is a need for more research on this subject.
Pomegranate juice might be good for you in moderation as it may have the potential to help your body. It may be helpful for the skin, cancer, blood pressure, arthritis, etc1,2. However, there is a need for more research to claim the benefits of pomegranate juice for human health.
There are no reports regarding the benefits of pomegranate juice for anaemia. There is a need for more research on this subject.
There is no evidence stating the use of pomegranate juice for good eyesight. There is a need for more research on this subject.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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Raw papaya is often overlooked, but it is completely loaded with health benefits. Rich in nutrients and available year-round, it’s considered a powerhouse of nutrition and is widely recognized for its value.
The raw papaya plant itself is regarded as a valuable nutraceutical fruit. Its botanical name is Carica papaya Linn, and it belongs to the Caricaceae family. Originally native to southern Mexico and Costa Rica, the papaya plant has since spread to tropical and subtropical regions, including India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Hawaii, the Philippines, and South Africa1. Known by many names such as papita, papaia, pawpaw, papayabaum, and arabd-kharpuja, papaya has a global presence.
Read on to learn more about this multipurpose commercial fruit crop.
Papaya is a commoner’s fruit due to its low cost and high nutritional value. Papaya contains a vast array of phytochemicals, including proteins, fats and oils, enzymes, polysaccharides, flavonoids, vitamins and minerals. Papaya is pretty low in calories and has a high amount of vitamin C1.
The nutritional value of raw papaya per 100 grams is as follows:
Papaya contains various biologically active plant chemicals that might be used for different purposes1. Papaya might have the following properties:
The whole plant of papaya might have beneficial value. It has various phytochemicals like enzymes, vitamins and minerals. Some of its potential uses are given below.
Eating raw papaya might benefit the food digestion process. Unripe papaya might contain a good amount of digestive enzyme, which might be an excellent aid to digestion. It may help in the smooth digestion of protein present in the food. People who cannot digest wheat gluten may tolerate it if it is mixed with the white latex of raw papaya. It has the crude papain enzyme, which might help solubilise gluten protein5,6. Hence, it may be used by people who have trouble with the digestion of protein-containing food items.
Papaya fruits might be used in topical ulcer dressing, which might help wound healing. It may be used in the burn dressings of children. It may also reduce the odour associated with long-term skin ulcers7. The papaya fruit pulp may be mashed and applied to the infected burn wounds8, which may help deal with infection development. The potential mechanism could be the enzymatic action of papain as well as the antimicrobial activity of papaya fruit.
Raw papaya may be valuable for restoring and rebuilding damaged skin. The peel of papaya contains vitamin A and might be used as a skin-lightening agent. If you apply a mixture of papaya peel with little honey to your skin, it may act as a moisturiser and make your skin look smoother9. The rubbing action of the white papaya pulp might help improve pimples and wrinkles on the facial skin due to its good bleaching activity. It may also remove the dead skin cells allowing the lightening of skin colour9.
In my opinion, papaya is a skin miracle-worker! Its β-carotene and lycopene content can’t replace sunscreen, but they might help protect against sunburn and boost the skin’s defence mechanism against UV damage. Enjoy papaya for a healthy and happy skin glow!
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Eating raw papaya might help to reduce the risk of the formation of colon cancer and prostate cancer in men10. The fruits of papaya contain dietary fibre, which may bind to the toxins present in the colon that may cause cancer-related to the colon. Raw papaya might help sweep these toxins from the body, keeping a healthy environment inside the colon. These nutrients might also protect colon cells from the damages caused by the free radicals.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of raw papaya in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of raw papaya on human health.
I would recommend giving fermented papaya a try and enjoying its tasty superpowers! Fermented papaya is a fantastic fruit. Studies2 have shown that it might help pre-diabetics by boosting their antioxidants and protecting their red blood cells from harmful stress.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Papaya is a healthy and delicious fruit. It may be used in various ways.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
I would suggest trying fermented papaya if you’re looking for a tasty and fun way to protect yourself against age-related and neurological diseases. One research4 shows that Alzheimer’s is linked to oxidative stress, but guess what? Fermented papaya may comes to the rescue! It might help counteract those free radicals that love to wreak havoc in our bodies.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: Papaya Leaves and Seeds to Treat Fever and Other Ailments
The side effects of raw papaya may be related to women’s health.
Ayurvedic herbs may have specific side effects and may react differently in every people. Ensure that you consult an Ayurvedic physician before using it for proper guidance.
Eating raw papaya may be considered safe. However, general precautions need to be followed.
We recommend you consult your Ayurvedic physician before having papaya for medicinal purposes. They will be the correct person to guide you about the safe dosage form.
Also Read: Benefits of Pineapple for Health, Skin and Hair
There is not enough information available on the interaction of raw papaya with other drugs. However, this does not mean that there are no interactions at all.
Therefore, it is always better to follow the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor. They will prescribe you the best way to have it.
Also Read: Mulberry (Shahtoot): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Raw papaya has a low-calorie content, which may make it a suitable fruit for obese people who can include it in their regular diet13. Thus, it may help to manage weight.You must consult your nutritionist for best advice on weight loss.
The three main powerful antioxidant vitamins present in papaya are vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E.
Papaya might be a good source of dietary fibre, which may help to lower the high cholesterol levels in the body13. However, people should seek the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor before using it to manage the cholesterol in the body.
Papaya has different names, such as Erandakarkati in Sanskrit, Omakai in Malayalam, Pharangi in Kannada, and Pappali in Tamil. The international names include Tree Mellon, Mamao, and pawpaw.
Other components, including seeds, leaves, roots, flowers, and stem bark, may also be utilized since they have potential applications for managing a variety of human ailments.
However, before utilizing any of the plant’s sections as a herb, we advise that you first consult your doctor.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Carica papaya L. (papaya) is a tropical and subtropical plant native to Mexico and northern South America that has become naturalised in many parts of the world. Papye, pawpaw, lapaya, tapayas, and kapaya are some of the other names of papaya. It is an erect, large herbaceous plant that resembles a tree but is not woody. The leaves are large, palm-shaped, with an average 50-70 cm diameter. Depending on the flower type, the shape of the fruit varies. The fruit is 5-30 cm long and yellowish-orange in colour. The pulp is sweet, and the fruit contains many black seeds1.
Papaya is easy to grow in any well-drained soil that is free of standing water, which can kill the plant within 24 hours. The tree and its fruit require minimal rainfall during summer and spring. Extreme cold or heat can be damaging. Papaya trees and their fruit thrive at temperatures between 21°C and 32°C. A dry atmosphere enhances the taste of the fruit during ripening, whereas temperatures below 10°C slow down the ripening process. Additionally, it may take 8 to 10 months for papaya seeds to bear fruit after planting. Depending on environmental conditions, a papaya tree can produce 30–150 fruits per year3.
The nutritional content fount of papaya fruits and papaya seeds (mg/100 g) is:
Carotenoids, papain and chymopapain are enzymes found in the unripe fruit. The seeds of papaya contain papaya oil that contains flavonoids.1The papaya seed oil is high in lipidic phytochemicals and important fatty acids like oleic acid. Other fatty acids found in the seeds include arachidic, palmitic, linolenic, and stearic acids2.
Various parts of the papaya plant have properties, as listed below.
In my experience, papayas have been used for centuries as a natural remedy for indigestion and digestive problems. The presence of papain in papayas has shown promising effects in reducing inflammation that can aid in healing.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Papaya root extract was tested for antibacterial activity against several bacteria and fungi. Papaya leaf extract might have antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, according to researchers. The leaf extract had greater efficacy against all Gram-positive bacteria.
Papaya leaf extracts were tested for antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Another study1 revealed the possible antibacterial activity of papaya seed extract against S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Green unripened papaya fruit extract might have antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, according to researchers.
The antifungal activity of extract from various parts of the papaya tree against Microsporum fulvum, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger has been reported3. The antifungal activity of crushed leaf extract might have potential activity against the majority of fungi.The juice of papaya leaves might be a natural medication for dengue fever. One of the bioactive components of papaya, flavonoid, has been shown to have antiviral efficacy against the dengue virus3.
Papaya has long been used to manage diabetes mellitus in several African societies. Several studies have found that certain parts of the papaya tree might help lower the blood sugar levels in both humans and animals. A study3 found that leaf extracts of papaya might have hypoglycaemic (blood sugar lowering) effects.
Likewise, seed extract from ripe papaya may have antidiabetic properties with a possible reduction of fasting blood sugar levels in an animal model. Green papaya has also been suggested as a possible therapy for diabetic patients3. However, its exact potentiality for diabetes is yet to be researched. Kindly consult a doctor for the proper diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
Several animal studies3 have shown the potential liver-protective effects of papaya fruit extracts. The levels of lipid peroxidation, total bilirubin, serum enzymes were found to be lower in animals who were given papaya extracts.
The liver protective effects of papaya stalk extract were also examined in an animal model. The presence of bioactive substances, such as tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, back up the traditional use of papaya for liver damage3. However, more research is required.
Over the years, I’ve seen the benefits of including papaya in your diet for lung health, especially if you smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke. Harmful components in cigarette smoke can deplete vitamin A levels, which are essential for healthy lungs. Papaya, rich in vitamin A, may help replenish this nutrient and support your lung well-being.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Many studies have shown that papaya leaves and seeds may help with stomach and intestinal ulcers. An animal study3 found that papaya seed extracts might reduce stomach acidity and gastric juice volume and acidity, thus apparently inhibiting ulcers and acting as a stomach-protective agent. further research is required to prove these potential effects.
Papaya leaf extracts exhibit antimalarial potentiality against P. falciparum and might have the potential to be used as an environment-friendly mosquito repellent3.
According to animal studies3, papaya leaf extracts were found to have antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei. Tea prepared from papaya leaves might be helpful against malaria. The complete effects need more research as scientific back up.
According to a study1, raw papaya extract might demonstrate anti-diarrhoeal action, while ripe papaya extract might have anti-diarrhoeal potential against Plesiomonas shigelloides. In another animal study1, the papaya leaf extract was found to have good anti-diarrhoeal activity. However, these claims require more research to be proved as concrete facts.
The wound healing ability of papaya seed and root extract was investigated in animals. According to the findings1, the extract demonstrated potential wound healing activity. There was a significant reduction in the wound size on treatment with papaya latex.
The papaya plant contains papain, an enzyme that might be helpful against cancer. Papain contains the pigment lycopene, which is extremely reactive to free radicals and oxygen. Isothyocynate, found in papaya, might be beneficial for the breast, prostate, pancreas, lungs, blood, and colon from cancer1.
In a study1, it was discovered that papaya leaf extract might slow the growth of cancerous cells and may lower the cancer markers. The anticancer activity of the extracts of papaya’s aerial parts was tested on different types of cancer cells: skin cancer, kidney cancer, and breast cancer cells. According to one study1, the black seeds of yellow ripe papaya might also have an effect on prostate cancer cells proliferation. However, a serious condition like cancer must be treated properly by a professional. Kindly consult the concerned doctor (oncologist).
Papaya (Papita) contains alkaloids (like choline and nicotine), flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, all of which have been found to have a significant impact on chronic (long-term) inflammation. Proteolytic enzymes found in papayas, such as papain and chymopapain, might also have anti-inflammatory properties1.
The anti-inflammatory effects of papaya leaves extract were studied using several animal models. It was found that the extract of papaya leaves might have anti-inflammatory properties. In an animal study3, the aqueous extracts of papaya seeds were also found to exhibit potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Proteolytic enzymes found in papayas, such as papain and chymopapai, might also have immunity-enhancing properties. According to a study, ripe and unripe papaya fruit might have immunity-enhancing effects1.
According to animal studies1, the ripened transgenic papaya fruit may increase the level of immunoglobulins IgM (antibody) , thus helping improve immunity.
Anti-sickling (anti-anaemic) chemicals such as tyrosine, glycine, and phenylalanine have been found in immature papaya fruit. The presence of phenolic acids, aromatic amino acids, and antioxidant chemicals in immature papaya fruit might cause the anti-sickling (anti-anaemic) effect2. According to several studies, unripe papaya fruits and dried leaves have been found to have possible anti-sickling activity and, therefore, might be helpful for sickle cell anaemia3.
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of papaya in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of papaya on human health.
Based on my experience, I’ve observed that including vitamin C-rich foods like papaya in your diet might provide protection against inflammatory polyarthritis, a type of rheumatoid arthritis that affects multiple joints. The natural vitamin C found in papaya has shown positive effects in humans.
Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Papaya can be used as:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements, as they will prescribe you the form and dosage of the medicine containing papaya as per your requirement. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Based on my experience, I have found that papaya may be beneficial in the management of metabolic dysfunctions, including metabolic syndrome. Papaya contains vitamins, bioactive compounds, and important lipids that have shown positive effects in managing metabolic conditions, even those associated with obesity.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Side effects associated with the excess use of papaya are:
If you experience any such side effects, seek immediate medical help from your doctor who has prescribed it to you. They will be the best guides for providing proper treatment to overcome side effects.
Also Read: 10 Health Benefits and Recipes of Dragon Fruit (Pitaya)
Papain and chymopapain, two primary ingredients of papaya, might have ill effects on pregnant women. Hence, papaya should not be used by pregnant females6.
No research has been documented on the safe use of papaya in children and elderly. Therefore, it should only be taken under the supervision and advice of a physician for its benefits.
Also Read: Benefits of Pineapple for Health, Skin and Hair
Several medicines, like metformin, glimepiride (blood sugar lowering drugs), digoxin (a drug for heart conditions), ciprofloxacin (antibiotics), and artemisinin (antimalarial), may have significant drug interactions with papaya leaves7. Sugar-lowering medications, such as metformin and glimepiride, revealed complicated interactions with papaya leaf extract. When papaya leaf extract was combined with metformin, it initially reduced metformin’s sugar-reducing effect after two hours but then increased it after 24 hours7.
When papaya leaf extract is combined with artemisinin, it has additive antimalarial (kills the malarial parasite) effects against Plasmodium falciparum7.
Also Read: Psyllium Husk (Isabgol): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Right from supporting digestion and immunity to offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, various parts of the papaya plant have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. While early studies show promise in managing conditions like diabetes, ulcers, and even infections, more scientific research is needed to confirm these effects in humans. Including papaya as part of a balanced diet may offer a natural boost to your overall health. However, always consult your doctor before using papaya for medicinal purposes, especially if you have existing health conditions or are on medication.
Also Read: Ice Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Papaya contains vitamins A, C and E.
Papaya might be good for diabetes. Several studies have found that certain parts of the papaya tree might help lower the blood sugar levels in both humans and animals. Kindly consult a doctor for the treatment of diabetes and do not self-medicate.
Papaya might be good for the liver. The presence of bioactive substances, such as tannins, alkaloids, and saponins might be the reason behind the traditional use of papaya for liver damage treatment. Kindly consult a doctor. Do not self-medicate.
Papaya is not good for pregnancy. Papain and chymopapain, the two primary ingredients of papaya might have ill effects on pregnancy. Therefore, papaya should not be consumed by pregnant women5.
No, papaya does not increase the blood sugar level.
Applying the leaf extract to the hair might help in hair growth and might be helpful against hair loss4.
Papaya might have several properties like antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-fertility, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiabetic, liver-protective, wound healing, immunomodulatory, anthelminthic, antispasmodic, antifungal, anti-anaemia, and antimalarial activity1,2 . However, these effects need to be proven by more research.
Yes, papaya leaves might be good for dengue. The juice of papaya leaves has been reported to have a potential use as a natural medication for dengue fever. However, more research is needed to prove such claims.
Quercetin, kaempferol kaempferol 3-rutinoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, kaempferol, myricetin 3-rhamnoside are the flavonoids present in papaya leaves.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a small tree native to tropical and mildly temperate regions of the world that belongs to the Oleaceae family. The tree, famous for the olive, is commercially important in the Mediterranean region as a primary supplier of olive oil1.
The olive tree has long been used for possible medical and nutritional purposes. Olive leaf extracts might have been used to promote health. The high content of fatty acids and functional bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, carotenoids, phospholipids, and phenolics with diverse biological activities are primarily responsible for olive oil’s potential health benefits. These components also contribute to the distinct flavour and taste of olive oil. Similarly, they have been revered as a well-known folk remedy for fever and some tropical disorders such as malaria. Due to their bitterness, olives are rarely utilised in their natural form; nevertheless, they are ingested in one of two forms: oil or table olives1.
The olive oil is obtained from olives (the fruits of Olea europaea L. tree). It is a chief constituent of the Mediterranean diet and is currently gaining popularity as a component of a healthy diet among consumers in northern Europe, the USA, Canada, and other nations. Olive oil is produced almost entirely in Spain, Italy, Greece, Tunisia, Turkey, Morocco, and Portugal2.
Virgin olive oil is produced by mechanical procedures. Ordinary virgin olive oil, fine virgin olive oil, and extra virgin olive oil are the three edible grades of virgin olive oil2. Extra virgin olive oil comprises two chemical compounds: triglycerides (97 to 99 %) and minor components (1 to 3 %)3.
Did you know?
The nutritional content of 100 g of olive oil is4:
Various properties of olive oil are listed below.
Oleuropein, a phytoconstituent in olive, has antibacterial properties against bacteria, including mycoplasma. Furthermore, the phenolic chemicals in olive oil might degrade bacterial membranes, hence showing antibacterial actions. Several authors also claim that oleuropein might act against toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and might have an antiviral effect against herpes and hepatitis viruses. Oleuropein might also have an antiviral impact against the parainfluenza virus. Furthermore, the potential antiviral activity of olive leaf extract against the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been proposed3.
The polyphenolic content of olive extract may be linked to a notable antibacterial action. Malaria infections may have been curbed with oral dosages of olive leaves. Studies have proven polyphenols may inhibit the development and reproduction of Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Olive oil has been demonstrated to have potential antibacterial properties for intestinal and respiratory infections5. However, its use needs to be confirmed by further research.
Olive oil has long been the main ingredient of the Mediterranean diet. Oleic acid and polyphenols have been shown to protect the liver in various animal studies and cell culture studies. These olive oil components have also been demonstrated to be helpful for different hepatic diseases, such as liver ballooning (increased liver size) and liver steatosis (fat accumulation in the liver), and might aid against drug-induced liver damage5.
Through the potential antioxidant effect of its polyphenolic contents, extra virgin olive oil might decrease inflammation, may reduce the risk of liver damage, and might slow the advancement of steatohepatitis (fat deposition in the liver). Researchers found that consuming extra virgin olive oil might reduce liver tissue damage in animal models. Furthermore, the combined therapy of olive oil and camel milk in animal models demonstrated possible liver protective effects in drug-induced liver toxicity due to their potent antioxidant action5. However, liver diseases can be serious and need proper diagnosis and treatment by a professional.
Olive oil’s phenolic antioxidants might help against the damaging effects of free radicals and the consequent alterations in cellular structures. Scientists investigated the impact of olive oil on colon cancer. Their findings suggested that the presence of antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids in olive oil might play an essential role in lowering the risk of colon cancer3.
Studies have investigated the effect of hydroxytyrosol (antioxidant present in virgin olive oil) on cancer cell growth, apoptosis (cell death), and cell cycle. The findings support that hydroxytyrosol might help against cancer and may help trigger cancer cell death and stop the cell cycle. Olive oil contains vitamin E, which might protect the skin from the sun. As a result, it might help against premature ageing and skin cancer3. However, cancer is a serious disease and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
Studies8 say that extra virgin olive oil may help people living with rheumatoid arthritis. Extra virgin olive oil is known to be beneficial due to its anti-inflammatory properties. The long-term, progressive, multi-step, and complicated process of rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation in a number of joints, causing severe swelling and stiffness in the joints as well as bone and cartilage degradation and joint degeneration and the use of this oil may help ease the inflammation and stiffness.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
As dietary virgin olive oil and olive leaf extract might help protect kidneys from damage in animal models, it is well known that virgin olive oil is helpful against the progression of kidney damage generated by various chemical agents. It was found that a combination of olive oil and naringenin containing drugs might curb kidney damage in rats by potentially increasing renal function and lowering serum urea and creatinine concentrations5.
Another study5 found that extra virgin olive oil might help reduce the chances of kidney damage in drug-exposed animal models while also improving the antioxidant and health status of the animals. Furthermore, the administration of extra virgin olive oil significantly lowered inflammatory markers, uric acid, creatinine, and urea levels in the serum of an animal model. According to studies, the control of kidney damage by olive oil consumption was due to its phenolic components, which acted as potent lipid peroxidation inhibitors.
Olive oil can act as a barrier between open wounds and the surroundings. Furthermore, olive oil might speed up wound healing by sterilising the wound surface and helping fight against infections3. However, the effects of olive oil need more scientific backup in the form of research.
Olive oil might have the following actions like increasing high-density lipoprotein, decreasing low-density lipoprotein, reducing cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreasing cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio3.
Nearly two-thirds of people with diabetes die as a result of heart disease. One of the significant risk factors for heart disease in diabetics is increased blood glucose and lipids levels. According to scientists, replacing solid vegetable oil with olive oil in the diet of diabetic patients might be more efficient than sunflower oil against heart diseases due to the favourable effect of olive oil on blood glucose and lipid parameters3. Their use for this purposes is not yet confirmed. Moreover, you should always consult a doctor for serious conditions such as heart diseases.
Olive oil constituents like fatty acid and polyphenols may be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, and some penetrate specific brain areas. Polyphenols and vitamin E have considerable antioxidant effects on accumulated free radicals in the brain, neutralising them in the case of ischaemia (inadequate blood supply to an organ or tissue)3.
Ischaemia, hypoxia (low oxygen level), and free radicals can harm the brain. Consumption of olive oil following ischaemia can reduce brain cell death and protect the brain from toxic substances. According to the findings of one study, pre-treatment with virgin olive oil resulted in reduced levels of cell death and, as a result, lower levels of stroke in the studied animal model. This was most likely due to changes in the brain lipid composition3.
Olive oil might have a favorable effect on Parkinson’s disease (brain disorder) because the polyphenols in olive oil which can affect a cellular mechanism involved in the disease’s development and progression. According to laboratory experiments, oleuropein (a component of olive oil) might have the potential to diminish cell damage, apoptosis (cell death), and oxidative stress, suggesting the brain-protective effect of oleuropein5.
A protective effect of extra virgin olive oil’s polyphenols against ulcerative colitis (inflammatory bowel disease) progression has been studied. The extract of olive oil polyphenols was able to inhibit the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide triggered by oxysterols (a by-product of cholesterol synthesis) and preserve cellular antioxidant levels in the intestines. Furthermore, olive oil’s phenols may have blocked the key inflammatory processes driven by oxysterols6. However, more research is required to prove these claims and potential benefits of olive oil for human health.
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of olive oil in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of olive oil on human health.
From my knowledge, the components of extra virgin olive oil may help preserve the neurological system and may be helpful against sadness and anxiety, according to a 2013 research done on mice. Researchers recently discovered that people who ingested trans-fats, an unhealthy lipid prevalent in fast food and pre-packaged baked products, were more likely to experience sadness than persons who consumed unsaturated fats like olive oil9.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Olive oil can be used as:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Also Read: Castor Oil – Uses, Benefits, Precautions & More!
There are no major side effects of olive oil reported by far. If you experience any side effects, seek immediate medical help from your doctor who has prescribed it to you. They will be the best guide for providing proper treatment to overcome side effects.
Also Read: Avocado Oil vs Olive Oil: Health Benefits, Nutrition, and Best Uses
The safety studies of olive oil on pregnant and breastfeeding women have not been documented. Likewise, there is no information available on the safety studies of olive oil in children. Therefore, it should only be taken under the supervision and advice of a physician.
Also Read: 6 Simple Health Benefits of Essential Oils!
There is not much information available on how olive oil interacts with other medications. Hence, patients should consult a doctor before taking olive oil if they take any other drug or supplement.
Also Read: Sunflower Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh
It is an oil obtained from the Olea europaea L. tree fruits2.
Olive oil might be good for hair. According to a study6, the carotenoids in olive oil helps in treating the internal region (cortex) of the hair fibre, hence it might help strengthen hair. However, concrete evidence is needed in the form of more research.
Olive oil might be good for the face. The concomitant use of other oils such as buckthorn oil with olive oil might have positive effects on the skin7.
Olive oil might have positive effects on health. The high content of fatty acids and functional bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, carotenoids, phospholipids, and phenolics with diverse biological activities are primarily responsible for olive oil’s potential health benefits. However, more research is required to ascertain these claims.
Olive oil is of various types: virgin olive oil (edible), extra virgin olive oil (edible), refined olive oil (edible), olive-pomace oils (non-edible) and lampante olive oil (non-edible)4.
It is a principal constituent of the Mediterranean diet2. Apart from its nutritional value, it might have potential use for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tumour, anti-platelet aggregation, blood pressure-lowering, immunity enhancing, anti-allergic, hypolipidemic, wound healing, kidney-protective, heart-protective, liver-protective and brain-protective activities. However, more research is required to prove these possible effects of olive oil on human health.
Olive oil is used for cooking. It is commonly used in food preparations such as salad oil, cooking oil, frying and pasta sauces1.
Yes, extra virgin olive oil is used for cooking. Extra virgin olive oil, fine virgin olive oil, and ordinary virgin olive oil are the three edible grades of virgin olive oil2.
Olive oil might help lower blood cholesterol levels. Consuming olive oil might lead to a reduction in cholesterol levels3. However, more research is required to prove these effects.
Yes, olive oil might be helpful for ulcerative colitis. The polyphenols of the extract of olive oil might inhibit the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide and might preserve cellular antioxidant levels in the intestine6. However, more research is needed to ascertain such claims.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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