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15 Amazing Health Benefits of Ghee 

Introduction

No other food element has received as much negative press as ghee. However, research1 conducted over the years has revealed that, rather than harming the body, ghee is actually beneficial.  

It turns out our grandmothers were right to cook ghee with steaming bowls of dal and rice. In ancient scriptures, ghee is even equated with gold. Given its impressive benefits, our ancestors truly understood the value of ghee! 

Nutritional Value of Ghee

15 Amazing Benefits of Ghee

1. Contains Healthy Fats 

Research suggests11 that ghee is low in harmful fats. It contains healthy fats that help increase good cholesterol (HDL) in the body. Unlike other fats, ghee does not contribute to heart disease1

2. Supports Digestive Health 

Ghee is closely linked to a healthy gut. Traditionally, a spoonful of ghee was consumed before meals to line the digestive tract and reduce the risk of ulcers and even cancer1

3. Strengthens the Immune System 

Ghee is rich in butyric acid, which helps the body in producing T-cells that fight diseases1

4. Source of Essential Vitamins 

Ghee is a reliable source of fat-soluble vitamins A and E, which support liver function, hormonal balance, and fertility2

5. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Properties

Butyric acid in ghee is known for its anti-cancer properties. Its antioxidants also give it anti-inflammatory benefits3. 

6. Safe for the Lactose Intolerant

Ghee is lactose-free. It doesn’t cause allergies in those who have dairy or casein intolerance4

7. Helps with Burns 

Ghee is one of the safest dermatological cosmetics. It is skin friendly and helps treat burns1

8. Promotes Healthy Skin 

Rich in antioxidants, fatty acids and a natural emollient, ghee helps maintain healthy skin by locking in moisture, improving skin repair, treating cracks and softening the skin. This is also one of the popular traditional benefits of ghee1,5

9. Strengthens Bones 

Ghee is rich in vitamin K, which helps in calcium absorption. It helps in the prevention of tooth decay and atherosclerosis6.  

10. Supports Thyroid Function 

Since the usage of ghee results in balancing the hormones, it is instrumental in managing thyroid disorders7

11. Helps with Weight Loss 

Ghee boosts metabolism, making it an ideal medium for weight loss1. It helps the body burn other stored fats more effectively.  

12. High Smoke Point 

Ghee remains stable and does not break into free radicals at a high temperature. Free radicals may contribute to cancer, amongst other diseases. This makes it an ideal medium and a stable fat to cook and fry food in1

13. Eases Menstrual Discomfort 

Ghee supports hormonal balance in the body, which can help alleviate menstrual issues such as PMS and irregular periods8

14. Enhances Flavour 

Ghee significantly enhances the taste of any dish that it is added to, for example, a bowl of dal becomes tastier with a spoonful of ghee. 

15. Cleanses the Body 

Ghee is considered a sattvic (pure) food in Ayurveda5. It attracts toxins and helps cleanse the body, contributing to reduced stress and anxiety when consumed1

Ghee may enhance your memory. According to a study1, desi ghee is a good source of vitamins A, D, E, and K and essential fatty acids (omega 3 and omega 9) which may help with memory. 

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Make Ghee at Home?

Delicious and healthy ghee can be prepared using full fat or heavy cream. You can either buy it from the store or collect the thick cream that settles on top of the milk. 

Ghee, once misunderstood, is now recognised for its potential wellness benefits when used in moderation. Rich in essential fats and vitamins, it can be a nourishing addition to a balanced diet. Traditional practices and modern insights alike support its role in promoting overall health and well-being. 

Ghee is an excellent source of fatty acids, (such as linolenic and arachidonic acid) as well as fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) that may help maintain optimal health. I read an article that suggests the regular intake of ghee may help in maintaining good vision as a result of its rich antioxidant content10

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Conclusion

Ghee, once misunderstood, is now recognised for its potential wellness benefits when used in moderation. Rich in essential fats and vitamins, it can be a nourishing addition to a balanced diet. Traditional practices and modern insights alike support its role in promoting overall health and well-being. 

Also Read: Mustard Oil: Health Benefits, Nutrition, Uses & Side Effects

References  

  1. Kataria D, Singh G. Health benefits of ghee: Review of Ayurveda and modern science perspectives. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2024 Jan-Feb;15(1):100819. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100819. Epub 2024 Jan 5. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10789628/ 
  2. Ahmad N, Saleem M. Studying heating effects on desi ghee obtained from buffalo milk using fluorescence spectroscopy. PLoS One. 2018 May 11;13(5):e0197340. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5947909/ 
  3. Rani R, Kansal VK. Effects of cow ghee (clarified butter oil) & soybean oil on carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in rats. Indian J Med Res. 2012 Sep;136(3):460-5. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3510893/ 
  4. Portnoi PA, MacDonald A. The lactose and galactose content of milk fats and suitability for galactosaemia. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2015 Oct 22;5:42-43. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5471386/ 
  5. Wawre MB, Khobragade D, Mundhada D. An Emerging Approach for Optimization of Cow Ghee as an Ointment Base in Combination With Selected Conventional Bases. Cureus. 2023 Mar 22;15(3):e36556. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10122110/ 
  6. Falahatzadeh M, Najafi K, Bashti K. From tradition to science: Possible mechanisms of ghee in supporting bone and joint health. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2024 Dec;175:106902. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106902. Epub 2024 Sep 21. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1098882324000960?via%3Dihub 
  7. Jawa A, Jawad A, Riaz SH, Assir MZ, Chaudhary AW, Zakria M, Akram J. Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015 May-Jun;19(3):347-50. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4366771/ 
  8. El-Gharrawy HT, Sadek KM, Mahmoud SF, Abd Elrehim AM, Shukry M, Ghamry HI, Ibrahim SF, Fericean L, Abdo M, Zeweil MM. Natural Ghee Enhances the Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Reproductive Performance of Female Rabbits. Life (Basel). 2022 Dec 27;13(1):80. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9861198/ 
  9. Lamsal B, Bhandari TR, Panta P, Saiter JM, Pokhrel S, Katuwal TB, Adhikari R. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of ghee and mūrcchita ghŗ̥ta. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 Jul-Sep;11(3):256-260. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7528008/ 
  10. Kumar A, Tripathi S, Hans N, Pattnaik F, Naik SN. Ghee: Its Properties, Importance and Health Benefits. Lipid Universe. 2018;6:1–7. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339499398_Ghee_Its_Properties_Importance_and_Health_Benefits
  11. Sharma H, Zhang X, Dwivedi C. The effect of ghee (clarified butter) on serum lipid levels and microsomal lipid peroxidation. Ayu. 2010 Apr;31(2):134–140. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.72361. PMID: 22131700; PMCID: PMC3215354. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3215354/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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How Castor Oil Benefits You And How Much You Need?

Introduction

Castor oil has been used since ancient times as a traditional medicine for a range of health problems. Today, castor oil is used in dietary supplementation, industrial applications, and the production of medicines. Made from the castor bean, also called Ricinus communis, castor oil is commonly used as a home remedy. It is important to know that the outer covering of castor beans contains Ricin – a substance with poisonous qualities, hence the beans should never be eaten raw or whole1. Castor oil can be used for its multiple benefits. 

But what are the true castor oil benefits and limitations? How much castor oil do you need? And can it really help with your medical issues? All these questions and more are answered below. 

Castor Oil Uses Today

Castor oil is used in industrial processes for the production of lubricants, hydraulic fluid, soaps, paints, dyes, wax, nylon, and more. Today, however, we’ll focus on the medicinal uses of castor oil. It is used: 

Let’s take a look at whether castor oil benefits you and what is considered a safe dosage for castor oil.  

From what I have observed, castor bean seeds come in various types and they contain a significant amount of oil, ranging from 45% to 55%. This oil is extracted from the seeds of the plant and is known as castor oil. Castor oil has various uses, including in medicine, cosmetics, and industrial applications9.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Castor Oil Benefits

1. Castor Oil for Hair

conditioning hair

Castor oil is said to have a nourishing effect on hair. It may also benefit itchy, dry scalp since it helps to lock in moisture and may help protect the scalp and hair from microbial and fungal infections. The ricinoleic acid it contains, along with vitamin E and fatty acids, means that it can aid in keeping your scalp clean, healthy, and moisturised4.  

Castor oil also has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it may be able to improve the overall health of your scalp and hair5. Healthier hair may result in better hair volume, but this may not be clearly visible in the short term. In general, castor oil application to the hair and scalp should be seen as part of healthy hair maintenance rather than a magical growth serum. Castor oil is sometimes linked to hair growth, but evidence does not support a direct effect. 
Apart from providing sheen and moisture, castor oil is also thought to have anti-inflammatory properties. It may help to curb scalp itchiness in some people. Its anti-inflammatory properties may also be the reason castor oil is used traditionally for skin issues.  

2. Castor Oil Benefits for Skin

skin

Since castor oil contains primarily fatty acids (it is 90% ricinoleic acid), it acts as a humectant (a substance that helps lock in moisture and avoid water loss on the skin)5. This makes castor oil a good moisturiser, although people with allergies or hypersensitive skin may experience a reaction.  

Additionally, a recent clinical study suggested that the topical use of castor oil cream may help manage under-eye dark circles, melanin levels, wrinkles, and skin laxity, showing potential as a safe and effective natural management option6. However, larger randomised trials are needed to confirm these benefits. Castor oil benefits for skin may also extend to an improved healing process for wounds and cuts since it has antimicrobial properties and also improves local blood flow7.  

Castor oil (in small amounts) is generally considered safe, however, you should use it with caution, especially if you have sensitive skin.  

3. Castor Oil for Constipation

castor oil for constipation

Castor oil is known for its laxative properties and uses in constipation but its long-term use is not recommended8. Always speak with your doctor before taking castor oil for constipation. Since this involves ingesting it, we should quickly take a look at some potential castor oil side effects. When taken in large amounts or if consumed too often, it can result in: 

Of all castor oil benefits, its laxative uses are commonly recognised, but overdosing or allergic reaction can be a real risk.  

Based on my understanding, ricinoleic acid, the major fatty acid in castor oil, can have various effects on the gastrointestinal tract. It may inhibit the absorption of water and electrolytes, stimulate the secretion of water into the intestines, and reduce the contractile activity of the small bowel. These mechanisms may be beneficial in patients with gastrointestinal conditions9.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: The Truth about Sunflower Oil: Is it Really Bad for You?

Castor Oil Dosage

Castor oil is not regulated as a medicine; therefore, there are no standardised medical guidelines on dosage. It is best to check with your doctor on the right dose for you, since even the manufacturer’s recommendations may be too much for some people. Particular caution is needed when considering its use in children, the dosage will be different based on their age.  

Also Read: Health Benefits of Coconut Oil for Skin and Hair

Conclusion

While the science behind castor oil is still being studied, castor oil has been shown to have some positive effects. Castor oil benefits for hair and skin issues could potentially work for many people. It may be tried cautiously, with a patch test recommended first. If you have existing medical conditions, you may want to avoid using anything new without first speaking to your primary doctor.  

Also Read: Castor Oil: Uses, Benefits, Precautions & More!

References

  1. Patel VR, Dumancas GG, Kasi Viswanath LC, Maples R, Subong BJ. Castor Oil: Properties, Uses, and Optimization of Processing Parameters in Commercial Production. Lipid Insights. 2016 Sep 7;9:1-12. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5015816/ 
  2. Medhi B, Kishore K, Singh U, Seth SD. Comparative clinical trial of castor oil and diclofenac sodium in patients with osteoarthritis. Phytother Res. 2009 Oct;23(10):1469-73. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19288533/ 
  3. Arslan GG, Eşer I. An examination of the effect of castor oil packs on constipation in the elderly. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011 Feb;17(1):58-62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21168117/ 
  4. Mysore V, Arghya A. Hair Oils: Indigenous Knowledge Revisited. Int J Trichology. 2022 May-Jun;14(3):84-90. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9231528/ 
  5. Goyal A, Sharma A, Kaur J, Kumari S, Garg M, Sindhu RK, et al. Bioactive-Based Cosmeceuticals: An Update on Emerging Trends. Molecules. 2022 Jan 27;27(3):828. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8837976/ 
  6. Parvizi MM, Saki N, Samimi S, Radanfer R, Shahrizi MM, Zarshenas MM. Efficacy of castor oil cream in treating infraorbital hyperpigmentation: An exploratory single-arm clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024 Mar;23(3):911-917. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37927123/ 
  7. Nada AA, Arul MR, Ramos DM, Kroneková Z, Mosnáček J, Rudraiah S, Kumbar SG. Bioactive polymeric formulations for wound healing. Polym Adv Technol. 2018 Jun;29(6):1815-1825. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6435308/ 
  8. Alookaran J, Tripp J. Castor Oil. 2024 May 24. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 31869090. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31869090/ 
  9. Azadmard‑Damirchi S, Fathi‑Achachlouei B, Alirezalu K, Alirezalu A, Hesari J, Mami S. Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Castor Oil. In: Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants. Chapter 11. Studium Press; 2011. p. 323‑337. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327345451_Physiological_and_Medicinal_Properties_of_Castor_Oil

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes. 

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Know About 20 Super Healthy Leaves You Must Eat!

Introduction

Leafy greens contain a healthy mix of vitamins, minerals, protein, antioxidants, and other nutrients. Regular consumption of greens such as spinach, kale, and coriander may help support heart health, regulate blood sugar levels, strengthen the immune system, and promote cell growth and repair. Including a variety of leafy greens in your daily diet is a simple yet effective way to enhance overall well-being1. 

Top Leafy Greens and Their Health Benefits

1. Spinach

spinach

Spinach (palak) is rich in iron and fiber, low in fat and cholesterol. Studies1 have shown that spinach may help with digestion, improve eye health, boost energy levels, strengthen bones, and even lower blood sugar and pressure. As a part of every world cuisine, it is the most common green leafy vegetable found in India. 

2. Fenugreek

fenugreek

Fenugreek (methi) leaves are known to improve blood sugar control, insulin levels, and metabolism2. In Indian food, it is used extensively in rotis and curries.  

3. Parsley

parsley

Parsley is packed with vitamins A and C. It offers several health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and pain, helping with digestion, controlling blood sugar, and boosting the immune system. Studies3 also show that it may be beneficial in reducing anxiety and depression. 

4. Mint

mint leaves

Besides freshening our palate, mint (pudina) helps with weight loss, depression, nausea, asthma, and skin problems. It also has several other benefits, like improving brain function, reducing pain during breastfeeding, and helping reduce symptoms of common cold1

5. Cabbage

cabbage

Cabbage is richer in vitamin C than oranges. Cabbage can help with skin problems due to its healing and anti-inflammatory properties. Nutrients present in cabbage may also help reduce cholesterol, improve digestion, and lower blood pressure4. Therefore, cabbage is often considered a great leafy green vegetable that helps to maintain a healthy heart. 

6. Mustard greens

mustard greens

Regular consumption of these ensures blood and liver detoxification, lowering cholesterol, and improving skin and eye health1

7. Lettuce

lettuce

Lettuce is rich in essential vitamins, nutrients, and minerals that lower blood sugar, protect neural health, and fight cancer cells5

8. Curry leaves

curry leaves

Curry leaves (kadhipatta) can be beneficial for stomach ailments, diabetes, and to balance cholesterol. Studies6 have shown that curry leaf extract may help kill breast tumor cells by reducing cell growth and harmful effects in the body.  

9. Red amaranth

red amaranth

It improves cardiovascular health, strengthens bones, and stops hair loss1

10. Bok choy

bok choy

Bok choy is known as Chinese cabbage or pak choi, bok choy is a nutrient-rich cruciferous vegetable. It’s an excellent source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, and folate. One of its key components is selenium, a trace mineral that supports the immune system and helps protect the body from oxidative stress and infection. With its mild flavor and crisp texture, bok choy is a versatile and healthy addition to a balanced diet4

11. Basil

basil

In Indian traditional medicine, basil (tulsi) leaf extracts have been used to manage conditions like bronchitis, rheumatism, and fever. Other known therapeutic uses include managing nerve pain, headaches, reducing blood pressure, and regulating blood sugar levels7. There are different types of basil leaves, like sweet, Greek, Thai, holy, cinnamon, and lettuce basil, each with its unique set of health benefits.  

12. Green onions

green onions

Green onions are rich in essential minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, which support nerve function, muscle contraction, bone health, and blood pressure regulation8

13. Collard greens

collard green

Collard greens contain properties that may offer various health benefits. These include supporting the body’s natural detoxification processes, helping to lower blood pressure, and potentially reducing the risk of certain conditions such as cancer, arthritis, and muscular dystrophy5

14. Kale

kale

Kale is a healthy addition to smoothies and salads. It may help prevent cancer metastasis, support detoxification, enhance heart function, and contribute to healthy brain development4

15. Betel leaf

betel leaf

Beet leaves are known for their analgesic properties. It may help improve digestion, clears acne, increases appetite, and promote oral health. It also has various other antiseptic and antioxidant benefits5

16. Beet greens

beet greens

Beet greens promote healthy bones, teeth, skin, and blood vessels. They improve vision, power up the immune system, and maintain cellular health4

17. Watercress

watercress

Watercress is a nutrient rich leafy green that is linked to a lower risk of heart disease, metabolic disorders, muscle and bone problems, and some cancers4

18. Celery

celery

Celery may improve cardiovascular health, reduces blood pressure, decreases cholesterol, regulates blood sugar, and boosts digestion and weight loss9

19. Fennel

fennel

Apart from enhancing the flavor of the food, fennel offers many health benefits. Studies10 have shown that it helps reduce hot flashes, vaginal itching and dryness, and sleep. 

20. Coriander

corriander

Coriander (cilantro) has more benefits than just enhancing the taste of food. It improves digestion, reduces cholesterol, keeps the urinary tract healthy, promotes better sleep, relieves anxiety, and lowers blood sugar levels11

Also Read: Moringa Leaves – Health Benefits That You Should Know

Conclusion

While most people may not love leafy green vegetables such as those on this list, they are in fact extremely nutritious. Most of these leafy green vegetables are cultivated year-round, which means that they would be available at your nearest grocery market. This makes it easy to include them in your regular diet. With their many health benefits, these 20 leafy greens can be a smart and healthy addition to your everyday meals.

Also Read: 8 Unknown Benefits of Mango Leaves

References

  1. Ravishankar M, Kaur DP, Easdown WJ, Bhushan KB. Traditional Leafy Vegetables of a Tribal Community in Jharkhand, India. International Horticultural Congress (IHC 2014), Brisbane, Australia; 08/2014 [Internet]. 2014 Aug 1 [cited 2025 May 21]; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271699459_Traditional_Leafy_Vegetables_of_a_Tribal_Community_in_Jharkhand_India  
  2. Devi BA, Kamalakkannan N, Prince PSM. Supplementation of fenugreek leaves to diabetic rats: effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in diabetic liver and kidney. Phytother Res. 2003;17(10):1231–3. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.1357 
  3. Es-Safi I, Mechchate H, Amaghnouje A, Kamaly OMA, Jawhari FZ, Imtara H, Grafov A, Bousta D. The Potential of Parsley Polyphenols and Their Antioxidant Capacity to Help in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety: An In Vivo Subacute Study. Molecules. 2021 Apr 1;26(7):2009. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8037343/ 
  4. Bihari C. Importance of Green Leafy Vegetables [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 May 21]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372084104_Importance_of_Green_Leafy_Vegetables  
  5. Gupta RK, Guha P, Srivastav PP. Phytochemical and biological studies of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): Review on paradigm and its potential benefits in human health. Acta Ecologica Sinica [Internet]. 2022 Sep [cited 2025 May 21];43(5). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363915916_Phytochemical_and_biological_studies_of_betel_leaf_Piper_betle_L_Review_on_paradigm_and_its_potential_benefits_in_human_health  
  6. Aisyah S, Handharyani E, Bermawie N, Setiyono A. Effects of ethanol extract of curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) on HER2 and caspase-3 expression in rat model mammary carcinoma. Vet World. 2021 Aug;14(8):1988-1994. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8448650/ 
  7. Jamshidi N, Cohen MM. The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi in Humans: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:9217567. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5376420/ 
  8. Kim SH, Yoon JB, Han J, Seo YA, Kang BH, Lee J, Ochar K. Green Onion (Allium fistulosum): An Aromatic Vegetable Crop Esteemed for Food, Nutritional and Therapeutic Significance. Foods. 2023 Dec 16;12(24):4503. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10742967/ 
  9. Hedayati N, Bemani Naeini M, Mohammadinejad A, Mohajeri SA. Beneficial effects of celery (Apium graveolens) on metabolic syndrome: A review of the existing evidences. Phytother Res. 2019 Dec;33(12):3040-3053. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.6492 
  10. Khadivzadeh T, Najafi MN, Kargarfard L, Ghazanfarpour M, Dizavandi FR, Khorsand I. Effect of Fennel on the Health Status of Menopausal Women: A Systematic and Meta-analysis. J Menopausal Med. 2018 Apr;24(1):67-74. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5949311/ 
  11. Mahleyuddin NN, Moshawih S, Ming LC, Zulkifly HH, Kifli N, Loy MJ, Sarker MMR, Al-Worafi YM, Goh BH, Thuraisingam S, Goh HP. Coriandrum sativum L.: A Review on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Cardiovascular Benefits. Molecules. 2021 Dec 30;27(1):209. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8747064/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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