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Health Benefits of Garlic (Lahsun)

Introduction 

Garlic is a spice that is used in the kitchen for centuries. This herb is known to have curative and medicinal properties because of its antibacterial and antiseptic nature. These beneficial properties of garlic are because of a compound, allicin. Garlic is also rich in minerals like phosphorus, zinc, potassium, and magnesium. Vitamin C, vitamin K, folate, niacin and thiamine also are found abundantly in garlic1,2

Garlic Nutritional Chart

Here is the nutritional chart for 100 grams of raw garlic. Note that 1 medium to large garlic clove weighs between 3-8 grams each. The RDI- Percentage of recommended daily intake of garlic is as follows5: 

Vitamins 

Minerals 

The Health Benefits of Eating Garlic (Lahsun)

1. Reduce Cough and Cold 

cough and cold

Benefits of eating raw garlic are many, as raw garlic has the potential to reduce cough and cold in children and adults3. Research4 suggests that using garlic may help relieve symptoms of congestion in children. 

2. Good for Cardiac Health 

cardiac health

Garlic benefits cardiac health because allicin, a compound found in garlic stops the oxidizing of LDL (bad cholesterol). This reduces cholesterol levels and improves heart health. Regular consumption of garlic reduces the incidence of blood clots and thus helps prevent thromboembolism . Garlic also lowers blood pressure so is good for patients with hypertension1,3,6

3. Improves Brain Functioning 

brain

Several studies7 suggest that garlic may be beneficial for brain health because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties It may be effective in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and dementia6

4. Improves Digestion 

digestion

Digestive problems improve with the inclusion of raw garlic in the diet. It has shown beneficial effects on  the intestines and also reduces inflammation. Eating raw garlic helps to clear out intestinal worms. The advantage of garlic is it promotes the growth of good bacteria and reduces the bad bacteria thus helping in better digestive health6.

5. Regulates Blood Sugar 

regulates blood sugar

Research1 suggests that those who have diabetes may observe their blood sugar levels improve by eating raw garlic, but always consult a doctor to know if this can be beneficial to your case before making changes to your diet. 

6. Boosts Immunity 

boost immune system

Garlic may help reduce free radicals and damage to the DNA. The zinc in garlic may promote immunity and the vitamin C may help with infections. Garlic may also be beneficial in eye and ear infections because of their antimicrobial properties1,2.

7. Improves Skin Health 

skin health

Garlic helps prevent acne and lightens acne scars. Cold sores, psoriasis, rashes, and blisters may benefit from the application of garlic juice. It may also protect against UV rays and therefore may benefit from ageing8. Garlic may cause skin irritation and chemical burns so use it only under the guidance of a doctor. 

Based on my observations, garlic has been potentially used in traditional medicine for ages. It’s pretty fascinating how it can be helpful in different things. For instance, studies2 have shown that garlic may be effective in dealing with warts, denture stomatitis, venous ulcers, and even skin wounds. So, if you’re dealing with any of these issues, using garlic might just do the trick.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

8. May Help Prevent Cancer and Peptic Ulcer

prevent cancer

Research1 suggests that garlic may benefit cancer and peptic ulcer because of the high amount of antioxidants. Garlic, may help protect the body against lung, prostate, bladder, stomach, liver and colon cancer. The antibacterial property of garlic helps prevent peptic ulcers as it helps remove the pathogen from the gut2,6

9. Good for Weight Loss 

weight loss

Garlic reduces the expression of genes responsible for the formation of adipose cells which store fat. It also increases thermogenesis in the body and leads to the burning of more fat and the lowering of LDL (bad cholesterol)2

Apart from the fact that it is good for weight loss, garlic is highly nutritional. In fact, one clove of raw garlic, which is around 3 grams, contains2,3

10. May Improve Athletic Performance 

athletic performance

Garlic is considered one of the best ”performance enhancing” substances. In olden times, garlic  was used to treat fatigue and improve the work capacity of labourers. Studies on rodents suggest consuming garlic helps in improving exercise performance. People who had heart disease consumed garlic for 6 weeks and this resulted in a 12% reduction in their heart rate and better exercise capacity9

11. Helps Fight Urinary Tract Infection and Improves Renal Health 

urinary tract  infection

Fresh garlic juice has the potential to reduce the growth of E. coli bacteria that cause urinary tract infection (UTI). It also helps prevent kidney infections. 

Garlic reduces infections on wounds, promotes hair growth, bone health and liver health2. Most of the home remedies are effective only if garlic is consumed raw but should be done only with the supervision of a healthcare provider. 

12. Reduces Exercise Fatigue 

exercie fatigue

According to studies11 from Japan, raw garlic when aged in a mixture of water and alcohol may have significant effects on exercise endurance. Human studies have also been conducted that have shown that garlic can indeed improve the symptoms of exercise fatigue.

13. Reduces Blood Toxicity 

blood toxicity

For people who are susceptible to lead poisoning due to occupational hazards, garlic may be the best organic solution. Research suggests that garlic is safer and better at reducing lead poisoning of the blood than d-Penicillamine, which is the common drug used to treat the same10

Also Read: Natural Blood Thinners: Benefits, Risks, and Precautions

14. Overcome Oestrogen Deficiency 

Menopause in older women has often been associated with a lack of the female hormone known as oestrogen due to irregular production of a protein known as a cytokine. Consumption of garlic has been seen to regulate this to some extent and therefore, may be effective in overcoming oestrogen deficiency after menopause1

15. Reduce Effects or Onset of Osteoarthritis 

osteoarthritis

Consuming garlic in your regular diet can also help to prevent or reduce the onset of osteoarthritis. Research has shown that garlic contains a compound known as diallyl disulphide which helps to maintain bone density and therefore can potentially delay the onset of bone-related ailments like osteoarthritis

From what I have seen, garlic oil might possess anti-inflammatory properties. In cases of soreness and inflammation in joints or muscles, applying garlic oil topically may be beneficial2. Rubbing the affected area with garlic oil can potentially help reduce inflammation and provide relief.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

16. Prevents Heart Blockages 

heart

Garlic is also believed to help reduce the stickiness of the platelets in your blood. These platelets are responsible for the clotting of blood. Consuming a healthy dose of garlic can help reduce the excessive clotting effect of platelets on the blood. Therefore, it may help prevent unnecessary blood clots inside arteries that may reach up to your heart causing a heart attack

I think that garlic might be good for your arteries and blood pressure. When we eat garlic, the sulphur in it gets converted into a gas called hydrogen sulphide2. This gas may help expand our blood vessels, which makes it easier to control blood pressure. However, it’s always a good idea to talk to your doctor about whether adding more garlic to your diet might be beneficial or not.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the side effects of taking garlic by mouth? 

When you take cooked garlic by mouth it is usually, safe  but can cause side effects such as bad breath, heartburn, gas, and diarrhoea. If you take raw garlic by mouth, the side effects are often worse and may increase the risk of bleeding and cause allergic reactions in some people. 

Should garlic (Lahsun) be applied to the skin? 

Garlic products like gels and pastes are usually safe. But may cause skin damage that is similar to a burn, especially raw garlic may cause severe skin irritation. 

Who should avoid having garlic? 

One must avoid having excess amounts of garlic during pregnancy or if breastfeeding. Children can take it in doses of up to 300 mg three times daily for up to 8 weeks and not more than that, people with the bleeding disorders must avoid garlic, if you undergo surgery, do not consume garlic as it may prolong bleeding and interfere with blood pressure. Doctors may advise to stop having garlic two weeks before surgery and garlic may lower blood sugar levels. 

Is garlic good for cholesterol? 

Yes, garlic may reduce cholesterol levels, especially LDL (bad) cholesterol, when consumed regularly as part of a balanced diet. Its active compounds may help inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver and may improve overall cardiovascular health. 

Is garlic good for acidity? 

Garlic is generally not recommended for individuals with acidity or acid reflux problems. It can potentially worsen symptoms due to its ability to stimulate gastric acid secretion. People prone to acidity should limit garlic intake and consult a healthcare provider for personalised dietary recommendations. 

Is garlic good for the liver? 

Garlic has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may benefit liver health by supporting its detoxification processes. Regular consumption of garlic in moderation as part of a balanced diet can potentially help protect the liver from oxidative stress and inflammation. However, individual responses may vary, and consulting a healthcare provider is advisable for specific liver health concerns. 

Can you eat too much garlic? 

Yes, consuming excessive amounts of garlic can lead to digestive discomfort, such as upset stomach, bloating, and gas. In some cases, it may also cause heartburn or worsen acid reflux symptoms. Moderation is key to avoiding these issues while still benefiting from garlic’s health-promoting properties. 

Can garlic reduce creatinine levels?  


Garlic may help reduce creatinine levels by supporting kidney function and supporting overall cardiovascular health. Its antioxidant properties can help in reducing oxidative stress in the kidneys. However, specific benefits vary among individuals, and it should not replace medical treatment for kidney conditions. 

Can garlic increase testosterone? 

Garlic is believed to have a positive impact on testosterone levels by enhancing antioxidant status and reducing oxidative stress, which may indirectly support testosterone production. However, more research is needed to establish garlic’s direct influence on testosterone levels in humans. 

Can garlic kill H pylori? 

Garlic has been studied for its potential antibacterial properties, including against H. pylori, the bacteria associated with stomach ulcers. Its active compounds, such as allicin, may inhibit H. pylori growth and contribute to reducing bacterial load in the stomach. However, more research is needed to confirm garlic’s effectiveness as a treatment for H. pylori infection. 

Can garlic reduce high prolactin? 

There is limited scientific evidence suggesting garlic can directly reduce high prolactin levels. However, its antioxidant properties may support overall hormone balance and contribute to general health benefits, potentially aiding in the regulation of prolactin levels indirectly. Consulting with a healthcare provider for appropriate treatment options is advisable for managing high prolactin levels. 

Is garlic acidic? 

Garlic is not acidic; in fact, it has a slightly alkaline pH. However, it can stimulate gastric acid secretion in some individuals, potentially exacerbating acidity or acid reflux symptoms. Monitoring individual tolerance is recommended when consuming garlic, especially for those prone to digestive issues. 

Does swallowing garlic help with acne? 

Swallowing garlic may not directly help with acne. However, some people believe that the antibacterial properties of garlic, when ingested or applied topically, can potentially help with acne-causing bacteria. Its anti-inflammatory properties may also contribute to reducing inflammation associated with acne. 

Does garlic increase body heat? 

Yes, garlic is believed to have thermogenic properties that can increase body heat slightly when consumed in larger quantities. This effect is attributed to its ability to stimulate circulation and metabolism. However, the increase in body heat is typically mild and varies among individuals.

What does garlic do for the body? 

Garlic offers several health benefits. It has antioxidant properties that protect cells from oxidative damage, supports cardiovascular health by improving cholesterol levels and blood pressure, and may have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Regular consumption of garlic as part of a balanced diet can contribute to overall health and well-being. 

Is garlic good for dogs? 

Garlic is not recommended for dogs as it can be toxic, especially in large amounts. It contains compounds that can damage red blood cells in dogs, leading to a condition called haemolytic anaemia. It’s safer to avoid feeding garlic to dogs and consult a veterinarian for appropriate dietary choices. 

What are the benefits of eating garlic on an empty stomach?

Eating garlic on an empty stomach may boost immunity, improve digestion, lower blood pressure, and support heart health. It also helps detoxify the body and may aid in weight management. However, it is important to consume garlic under the guidance of a healthcare professional to avoid any adverse effects or interactions with medications.

References

  1. Verma T, Aggarwal A, Dey P, Chauhan AK, Rashid S, Chen KT, et al. Medicinal and Therapeutic Properties of garlic, Garlic Essential oil, and garlic-based Snack food: an Updated Review. Frontiers in Nutrition [Internet]. 2023 Feb 16 [cited 2025 Apr 21];10(1120377). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9978857/  
  2. Ansary J, Forbes-Hernández TY, Gil E, Cianciosi D, Zhang J, Elexpuru-Zabaleta M, et al. Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2020 Jul 15 [cited 2025 Apr 19];9(7). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7402177/ 
  3. Tesfaye A. Revealing the Therapeutic Uses of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Its Potential for Drug Discovery. Cheng JT, editor. The Scientific World Journal [Internet]. 2021 Dec 30 [cited 2025 Apr 21];2021:1–7. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8739926/ 
  4. Lissiman E, Bhasale AL, Cohen M. Garlic for the common cold. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2025 Apr 21];2014(11):CD006206. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386977  
  5. BUTNARIU M, Butu A. Chemical Composition of Vegetables and Their Products [Internet]. ResearchGate. unknown; 2015 [cited 2025 Apr 21]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302493121_Chemical_Composition_of_Vegetables_and_Their_Products 
  6. Tattelman E. Health Effects of Garlic. American Family Physician [Internet]. 2005 Jul 1 [cited 2025 Apr 21];72(01):103–6. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0701/p103.html 
  7. Mathew B, Biju R. Neuroprotective Effects of Garlic: A Review. Libyan Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2025 Apr 21];3(1):23–33. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074326/  
  8. Pazyar N, Feily A. Garlic in dermatology. Dermatology Reports [Internet]. 2011 Apr 28 [cited 2025 Apr 21];3(1):4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211483/ 
  9. Hwang KA, Hwang YJ, Hwang IG, Heo W, Kim YJ. Effects of Low Temperature-Aged Garlic on Exercise Performance and Fatigue in Mice. Journal of Medicinal Food [Internet]. 2019 Sep 1 [cited 2025 Apr 21];22(9):944–51. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31339799/  
  10. Kianoush S, Balali-Mood M, Mousavi SR, Moradi V, Sadeghi M, Dadpour B, et al. Comparison of Therapeutic Effects of Garlic and d-Penicillamine in Patients with Chronic Occupational Lead Poisoning. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology [Internet]. 2011 Dec 29 [cited 2025 Apr 21];110(5):476–81. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22151785/   
  11. Morihara N, Nishihama T, Ushijima M, Ide N, Takeda H, Hayama M. Garlic as an anti-fatigue agent. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Nov;51(11):1329-34. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700062. PMID: 17955479. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17955479/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Black Salt: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Introduction

Kala Namak is a form of rock salt commonly referred to as black salt. It comes from India’s, Pakistan’s, Bangladesh’s, Nepal’s, and other Himalayan salt mines. Ayurvedic medicine first used black salt for its holistic, medicinal powers1. It’s full of insoluble minerals, making it difficult for the body to absorb them.

Himalayan black salt, black lava salt, and black ceremonial salt are the three main varieties of black salt. Black lava salt is also known as Hawaiian black salt because it is typically found in Hawaii. Black ritual salt, also known as witch’s salt, is made up of ashes, sea salt, charcoal, and occasionally black pigment. It isn’t intended for human consumption.

Black Salt for Cooking

Indian black salt, or kala namak, is another name for Himalayan black salt. It’s often used in cooking, especially in Asian and Indian cuisine, because of its pungent, savoury, and umami flavour. It’s also employed in vegan cuisine to produce an egg-like flavour because of its faint, sulphurous fragrance, which is similar to eggs.

Cooking with black salt is common, and it’s a popular element in Indian cuisine. It has volcanic origins and is composed of sulphur compounds that contribute to its odour and flavour. Iron and potassium chloride are also present2.

Nutritional Value of Black Salt

The nutritional components found in 100 grams of black salt3

Properties of Black Salt

Ayurveda considers black salt to be a cooling spice that may be beneficial digestive and health benefits. Black salt is also known to have many beneficial properties2. These include:

Potential Uses of Black Salt

Black salt is an extremely useful herb for many common ailments. 

1. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Anemia 

Black salt contains modest amounts of iron, which may contribute to the production of haemoglobin in the body. Thus, it can potentially help with iron-deficiency anemia symptoms5. It is, however, essential to consult your doctor before taking black salt for anemia.

2. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Babies

Black salt may have some effect on boosting a child’s immunity. It may also help get rid of intestinal gas, promote digestion, and eliminate excess phlegm from the body, making it suitable for babies older than one year2. We may need further studies that can give evidence for these benefits on humans. Further, you must always consult a doctor and use any herb for children and babies only if prescribed.

3. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Digestion 

Black salt improves digestion by increasing the natural production of acid in the stomach and formation of bile juice in the liver. It may also help boost the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Bloating can be caused by a variety of factors, including overeating, allergy, constipation, inflammatory bowel syndrome, etc. Black salts have alkaline characteristics to neutralize excess acids in the stomach. The minerals it contains help to reduce the damage caused by acid reflux5. Moreover, for any conditions related to digestion you must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.

4. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Constipation  

Due to its Rechana (laxative) properties, black salt may be beneficial for constipation5. It may soften hard stools and make moving bowels easier. More studies on humans are required to back this claim. Therefore, it is essential to first speak to your doctors and only use it if prescribed.

5. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Diabetes 

Insulin is a hormone generated by the pancreas and is in charge of controlling blood sugar levels. When a person’s body is unable to produce enough insulin or has become resistant to insulin, they are diagnosed with diabetes.

According to studies6, low sodium levels have been linked to a decrease in insulin release in the body. Regular consumption of black salt, which is high in sodium, helps produce insulin and hence helps control of blood sugar levels2

6. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Muscle Cramps  

Black salt has a high potassium content, which is important for muscular function. It might also aid in the absorption of other minerals. Thus, black salt may have the potential to relieve muscle cramps and spasms by relaxing them7.  

7. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Skin 

The possible anti-inflammatory effects of black salt, and its abrasive texture, might help in the healing of cracked heels, sprains and swollen feet. Soaking feet in warm water containing black salt might help relieve the pain and swelling. It also functions as a cleanser, assisting in the opening of congested pores and providing a clear complexion7. The possible skin benefits from its high quantity of helpful minerals. Cracked skin can be healed by washing the afflicted region in lukewarm water with black salt. This may aid in the natural healing of skin.  However, every person has a different response to different herbs. Therefore, it is better to consult a doctor before you use black salt for your skin problems.

Other than culinary uses, black salt might aid in the beautification of nails. Black salt is believed to remove dead skin debris and hence might clean the yellowness in the nail bed by using black salt as a scrub or soaking in the water containing black salt4.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

8. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Hair  

Using black salt on a regular basis might help achieve luscious, and damage-free hair. It may contain important minerals that may end, reduce dandruff, and control of excessive hair fall2.  

9. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Weight Loss 

Black salt for weight loss is a great addition to diet if you’re trying to cut back on sodium while also avoiding bloating and water retention. Black salt helps to dissolve fats by increasing the solubility of digestive enzymes. When compared to regular table salt, it may speed up digestion and provide more nutrition to the body’s cells2.  However more studies are needed to understand its effect on weight loss in humans. Consult a dietitian or a doctor to get better advice.

10. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Heart Functioning 

Black salt thins the blood and may be beneficial in people with high cholesterol2. However, people with high blood pressure, should limit their intake of black salt. Any heart-related conditions must be treated under a qualified doctor’s supervision.

11. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Circulation  

Black salt helps to maintain good blood circulation, which may help prevent blood clots. However, it’s best to consult a doctor beforehand. 

12. Potential Uses of Black Salt for Sinusitis 

People suffering from respiratory problems or sinusitis can benefit from kala namak2

You can speed up the clearing up of phlegm and the opening of nostrils by gargling with black salt in warm water or by steam inhalation or by adding it to warm water for gargling. 

Talk about the effectiveness of black salt for arthritis! Researchers believe warm compresses with a bag of heated black salt on joints might help with arthritis problems2.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Black Salt? 

Black salt is available in three different forms:

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Did you know black salt can aid in teeth whitening? Researchers believe that regular application of black salt mixed with mustard oil on the tooth surface might help in cleaning the debris from the tooth surface and hence, whitening the tooth4.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Black Chana: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Side Effects of Black Salt

In small quantities used in the regular diet, black salt is probably harmless. Black salt should not be consumed in excess. 

Too much salt in the diet leads to excess secretion of calcium in the urine, resulting in the formation of kidney stones.

However, every herb may react differently in every individual. Therefore, if you experience any side effects, seek immediate medical help from your doctor. They will be the best guide for providing proper treatment to overcome side effects. 

From what I have read, black salt is believed to maintain and regulate the serotonin and melatonin levels in our body, which helps to sleep and relax4.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Precautions and Warnings to Be Taken with Black Salt

If you have one or more of these conditions, it is important to consult with your doctor before taking Black salt. 

Also Read: Pink Himalayan Salt: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Information is not available about the interaction of black salt with other drugs. However, every herb may react differently in every individual. Therefore, you must discuss your ongoing medications with your doctor who has prescribed it to you. They will be the best guide for providing proper treatment to overcome any possible interactions with other drugs.  

Also Read: Toor Dal: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is black salt and rock salt the same? 

Black salt, often referred to as Himalayan black salt, Indian black salt, or kala namak, is a volcanic rock salt produced in the Himalayan region. It contains varying amounts of sulphur compounds found naturally in the Himalayan mountains, in addition to sodium chloride (the primary chemical constituent in salt). 

Is black salt good for pregnancy?

Inadequate salt consumption can reduce blood volume and have a negative impact on the placenta’s growth and function. When the placenta’s ability to function is compromised, the baby’s growth, development, and even life is jeopardised. Preeclampsia and fetal death may both be exacerbated by lack of salt in the diet. 

Is black salt good for kidney stones? 

Kidney stones are a painful condition caused by a buildup of minerals and acid salts into a lump that blocks the flow of urine and causes nausea. However, because of its medicinal characteristics, many traditional practitioners recommend swapping black salt for normal salt. You should consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment for such conditions, it may be dangerous to self-medicate using herbs without proper information of its impact on your condition.

What is black lava salt? 

Black lava salt comes from Hawaii or Cyprus and is simply table salt mixed with activated charcoal. Use black lava salt as a finishing salt; it’s more for the aesthetic effect than the taste.

How to use black salt?

Indian black salt can be sprinkled on popcorn or kale chips for a unique flavour. Vegans can enjoy black salt because it gives egg-free foods the scent and flavour of eggs. It can also be used as a scrub or a soak while bathing. 

Can black salt be used for cooking?

Yes, you can use black salt for cooking. Black salt is now widely used in cooking and is a typical element in Indian cuisine. Black salt is perfectly safe to use in cooking. 

Does black salt cause gas?

No, black salt helps to decrease heartburn and bloating by stimulating bile production in the liver. It lowers acid levels and alleviates reflux. A pinch of salt can help to prevent gas production, bloating, and flatulence. You should consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment for such conditions.

Does black salt contain iodine? 

Because black salt does not contain iodine like table salt, you will need to supplement your diet with iodine sources.

Can black salt expire? 

Salt, as we all know, has no expiration date because it is a preservative in itself. Because salt packers are required to print the expiration date on the bag, the majority of them print it two years from the day of production.

Can black salt cause diarrhoea? 

Due to its Rechana (laxative) nature, black salt can produce diarrhoea if consumed in large quantities. However, limited human studies are available to establish this claim.

Is black salt and pink salt the same? 

Black salt is another type of Himalayan pink salt. However, to infuse some therapeutic characteristics, this salt is burned at extremely high temperatures in kilns with charcoal, harad seeds, amla, and other ingredients.

Is black salt good for blood pressure? 

Yes, black salt is good for blood pressure, as it contains more potassium and less sodium than table salt2. You should consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment for such conditions, it may be dangerous to self-medicate.

References 

  1. Structural characterization of Himalayan black rock salt by SEM, XRD and in-vitro antioxidant activity. Sci-Hub. 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 25]. Available from: https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141269 
  2. Basu D, Sharma D, Darji V, et al. Discard biochemical malfunction by black salt through naturopathy. Eur J Pharm Med Res.2015;2(6): 96-101. Available from: https://storage.googleapis.com/innctech/ejpmr/article_issue/1446282863.pdf
  3. Mumtaz T, Zuha SB, Saha ML, et al. Mineral composition and microbial association of a local condiment- ‘Beat laban’ (Black salt). Microbial Biotechnology with special reference to amylase, lipase and protease. January 2011.  Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255984030_Mineral_composition_and_microbial_association_of_a_local_condiment-_’Beat_laban’Black_salt
  4. Jayaraman I. Health benefits uses of black salt. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). 2023 May 13 [cited 2025 Apr 25]. Available from: https://biotechjournal.in/images/paper_pdffiles/Hea-64636228cf302.pdf 
  5. Singh K, Tyagi S, Chaudhary M, Baliyan D. Traditional and rural manufacturing process of black salt. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2023 [cited 2025 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2023/vol12issue6/PartW/12-5-528-740.pdf 
  6. Oh H, Lee HY, Jun DW, Lee SM. Low salt diet and insulin resistance. Clinical Nutrition Research. 2016 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Apr 25]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4731857/ 
  7. Bali S, Khan A. The untold health benefits of herbal black salt (Kala namak): a scientific overview. Current Research in Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 2024 Mar 8 [cited 2025 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.gavinpublishers.com/assets/articles_pdf/The-Untold-Health-Benefits-of-Herbal-Black-Salt–Kala-Namak-A-Scientific-Overview.pdf 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Sesame Seeds: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Sesame (Sesamum indicum), often known as Til, is a flowering plant in the Sesamum genus. It is farmed for its edible seeds, which are produced in pods, and has become widely naturalized in tropical locations around the world. In 201823, the top producers were Sudan, Myanmar, and India. The cultivated type, S. indicum, is from India.

Sesame seeds may be small, but they pack a powerful punch when it comes to nutrition and health benefits. These tiny, oil-rich seeds have been a staple in cuisines and traditional medicine for centuries. Whether sprinkled on salads, blended into tahini, or used as a topping for bread, sesame seeds offer a unique combination of flavor and wellness. Sesame oil is most widely utilized in bakeries. The oil content of sesame is among the greatest of any seed. It is a common component in cuisines across the world because of its rich, nutty flavour. 

Nutritional Value of Sesame Seeds

Protein, vitamin B1, dietary fiber, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, and zinc are all abundant in sesame seeds. Here are the nutritional components of sesame seeds per 100 grams3.

Studies have revealed that sesame seeds are not only packed with nutrients but also have an impressive composition. They contain approximately 21.9% protein and 61.7% fat17, making them a great source of these essential macronutrients. No wonder they have earned the reputation of being an ‘all-purpose nutrient bank’ and even the illustrious title of the ‘crown of eight grains.’

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Properties of Sesame Seeds

It is widely utilized for medicinal applications due to the presence of some unique phytochemicals. It may have following properties2

Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds

It is a powerful energy source. Its seeds may be utilized for their various health-promoting properties, while its seed coat, a byproduct of sesame and a valuable source of fibers, may be a source for animal feedstuff2. Sesame seeds provide a wide range of health benefits, which are detailed below:

1. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Hair Health

Plant polyphenols found in sesame seeds can aid hair health. Because of the vitamins and minerals in sesame seed oil, it is frequently massaged into the scalp, which may help with premature greying and hair growth2. The amino acids and antioxidants in sesame seed oil may also help dull hair regain its lustre. It can also be used to hydrate a dry scalp and prevent hair from the harmful effects of the sun and pollutants20. However, more research is required to prove such effects of sesame seeds.

2. Potential Uses of  Sesame Seeds for Heart Functioning

Natural oil-soluble plant lignans found in sesame seeds may aid in the treatment of hypertension5. Furthermore, magnesium has long been recognised as a vasodilator (a substance that lowers blood pressure). Thus, it may have some effect on your heart health. However, it is advisable to consult a doctor for heart-related issues.

Did you know that sesame seeds, along with nuts and legumes, are not just delicious additions to your meals but also fantastic sources of phytosterols1? These magical compounds might have the power to maximize cholesterol reduction in your body.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

3. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Constipation

Sesame seeds have a higher content of fibre that may be beneficial for good digestion. It may also help with symptoms like constipation6 and diarrhoea while also protecting the colon and lowering the risk of gastrointestinal disorders. You must consult a doctor for its benefits for digestion.

4. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Diabetes

Sesame seeds may be useful in managing diabetes. It may have an effect on blood glucose levels and reduce or delay the absorption of glucose in the body7. However, serious conditions like diabetes must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.

Also Read: Diet Tips for Gestational Diabetes

5. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Arthritis

Anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of sesame seeds and sesame seed oil are owing to sesamol, a bioactive substance found in sesame seeds. It might be responsible for preventing pro-inflammatory chemical synthesis.

It may also lower the number of reactive oxygen species produced. Sesame seeds or seed oil may help to reduce the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis because of their qualities8, 9.  Pain and inflammation may be reduced by massaging joints with sesame seed oil11. However, since insufficient studies are available, for conditions of bones, it is important to consult your medical practitioner for advice, as the herb may have different effects on individuals.

6. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Oral Health

The effects of sesame seeds on dental health may be perhaps the most apparent. Sesame seed oil pulling may have antibacterial and astringent effects on many aspects of dental health.

It may also be linked to lowering the presence of Streptococcus bacteria, a common bacterium that can cause problems in the mouth. Oil pulling with sesame oil can help reduce dental plaque as well as improve gum health10. You must consult a qualified dentist for proper advice and guidance.

7. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Alzheimer’s Disease

Sesame seeds can aid in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. They might have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Sesame seeds may reduce the formation of pro-inflammatory molecules that may be linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, they might manage Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting the damage induced by reactive oxygen species to brain cells 12, 13. You must always consult a qualified professional for diagnosis and treatment.

8. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Anaemia

Sesame seeds aid in the treatment of anaemia14. Iron is abundant in sesame seeds. They help in the production of haemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells in the body. This effect of sesame seeds will need further studies to provide scientific evidence.

9. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Anxiety

Due to its anxiolytic impact, sesame seeds can be beneficial in the treatment of anxiety. They might also have antioxidant capabilities, which aid in the elimination of free radicals and the reduction of stress-related anxiety15. You must consult a doctor and consume any herb only under their supervision.

10. Potential Uses of Sesame Seeds for Skincare 

Zinc is an important component of sesame seeds. Zinc is a necessary component in the synthesis of collagen, which helps strengthen muscle tissue, hair, and skin. Thus, consuming sesame seeds can help improve the health of hair and skin. 

Due to the presence of antioxidants, sesame seed oil is helpful to the skin, and applying it to the face overnight softens and tightens the skin4. Because of its antibacterial and antifungal characteristics, it improves wound healing.  

They prevent wound infection while also boosting wound healing. They fight common skin diseases with antibacterial and antifungal properties. They are also beneficial for wound healing because they help promote collagen production and cell proliferation16.  

Though studies show the benefits of sesame seeds against various disease conditions, these studies are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of sesame seeds on human health.  

Not only are sesame seeds a great source of protein, but the protein they contain is also complete. In fact, the ratio of essential amino acid content in sesame protein is remarkably similar to that of the human body. This means that sesame seeds may provide us with all the essential amino acids our bodies need for optimal health17.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Halim Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

How to Use Sesame Seeds?

Sesame seeds are available in six different forms: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking sesame seeds or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

The historical text ‘Shennong Ben Cao Jing’ provides insights into the traditional medicinal uses of sesame seeds. According to this ancient document, sesame seeds were believed to have therapeutic properties, possibly in taking care of injuries, nourishing internal organs, boosting energy, promoting muscle growth, and replenishing the bone marrow.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Side Effects of Sesame Seeds

The majority of studies have determined that sesame seeds are safe to eat and have no negative effects17. Excessive sesame seeds can result in some of the adverse effects described below. 

It’s amazing how adding ground sesame seeds to salads can enhance the absorption of fat-soluble phytonutrients found in greens. Not only that, but sesame seeds also contain lignans, which are compounds known for their potential anti-cancer properties. These lignans may play a role in reducing the occurrence of breast cancer22.

Dr. Ashok Pal, B.A.M.S.

Precautions to Be Taken with Sesame Seeds

Before consuming sesame seeds, seek medical counsel if you have one or more of these conditions. 

Also Read: 14 Amazing Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds!

Interactions with Other Drugs

It is critical to remember that none of these medications should be used with sesame seeds. 

Also Read: Chia Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How to eat sesame seeds? 

Raw sesame seeds are a delicious snack (hulled or unhulled). You can toast and bake them as well. 

How many sesame seeds should I eat daily? 

Consume one tablespoon of raw or roasted sesame seeds every day, or season salads with sesame seeds to taste.

Does sesame seeds affect pregnancy? 

Sesame seeds cause the fertilised ovum to be ejected by stimulating the uterine muscles. Sesame seeds should be avoided by all pregnant women throughout the first three to four months of pregnancy, according to experts. 

How to use sesame seeds? 

Sesame seeds can be sprinkled in salads, stir-fries, and soups. Sesame seeds can be toasted to make them crunchier and to enhance their flavour. Sesame seeds can be toasted by spreading them out on a baking dish and roasting them at 350°F for 5-10 minutes.

How to store sesame seeds? 

Keep sesame seeds in an airtight container in a cool and dry place. 

How to make sesame oil at home? 

To make sesame oil at home, toast the seeds until golden brown, then combine them with your favourite cooking oil and blend until smooth. The sesame oil develops on top of the components at this point. Refrigerate sesame oil for up to two years so you can use it in a variety of dishes. 

Sesame seeds, are they gluten-free? 

Yes, Sesame seeds, both black and white, are gluten-free. 

Can sesame seeds cause acne? 

No, Sesame oil, on the other hand, aids in the regulation of excess oils and has a healing impact on the skin.

Can you freeze sesame seeds? 

Yes, sesame seeds can be frozen. Sesame seeds have a storage life of 6-8 months at room temperature and up to a year if refrigerated. 

References

  1. Phillips KM, Ruggio DM, Ashraf-Khorassani M. Phytosterol composition of nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2005 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302759/ 
  2. Anilakumar R, Pal A, Khanum F et al. Nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses of Sesame (S. indicum L.) seeds-an overview. Agric Conspec Sci.2010;75(4):159-168. Available from: https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/98744 
  3. USDA FoodData Central. Seeds, sesame seeds, whole, dried – Nutrients – SR Legacy. USDA FoodData Central. [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170150/nutrients 
  4. Pathak N, Rai AK, Kumari R, Bhat KV. Value addition in sesame: A perspective on bioactive components for enhancing utility and profitability. Pharmacog Rev. 2014 Jul;8(16):147. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4127822/
  5. Peterson J, Dwyer J, Adlercreutz H, Scalbert A, Jacques P, McCullough ML. Dietary lignans: physiology and potential for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Nutr Rev. 2010; 68(10): 571-603. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2951311/
  6. Bamigboye AY, Okafor AC, Adepoju OT. Proximate and mineral composition of whole and dehulled Nigerian Sesame seed. Afr J Food Sci Technol. 2010;1(3):71-75. Available from: https://www.interesjournals.org/articles/proximate-and-mineral-composition-of-whole-anddehulled-nigerian-sesame-seed.pdf
  7. Ramesh B, Saravanan R, Pugalendi K V. Influence of Sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Med Food.2005;8(3). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16176150/
  8. Hemshekhar M, Mohan Thushara R, Jnaneshwari S et al. Attenuation of adjuvant-induced arthritis by dietary sesamol via modulation of inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and antioxidant status. Eur J Nutr.2013; 52(7): 1787-1799. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233995394_Attenuation_of_adjuvant-induced_arthritis_by_dietary_sesamol_via_modulation_of_inflammatory_mediators_extracellular_matrix_degrading_enzymes_and_antioxidant_status
  9. Yadav NV, Sadashivaiah, Ramaiyan B et al. Sesame oil and rice bran oil ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: distinguishing the role of minor components and fatty acids. Lipids.2016; 51(12): 1385-1395. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27747452/
  10. Asokan S, Emmadi P, Chamundeswari R. Effect of oil pulling on plaque induced gingivitis: A randomized, controlled, triple-blind study. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2009; 20(1): 47. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19336860/
  11. Shamloo MBB, Nasiri M, Dabirian A, Bakhtiyari A, Mojab F, Majd HA. The effects of topical sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil on pain severity and amount of received non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with upper or lower extremities trauma. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine. 2015 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4493737/ 
  12. Kanu PJ, Bahsoon JZ, Kanu JB et al. Nutraceutical importance of Sesame seed and oil: a review of the contribution of their lignans. Sierra Leone J Biomed Res.2010; 2(1): 4-16. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sljbr/article/view/56583
  13. Lee SY, Son DJ, Lee YK et al. Inhibitory effect of sesaminol glucosides on lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation and target gene expression in cultured rat astrocytes. Neurosci Res.2006; 56(2): 204-212. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16842873/
  14. Soltan SSA. The protective effect of soybean, Sesame, lentils, pumpkin seeds and molasses on iron deficiency anemia in rats. World Appl Sci J. 2013; 23(6): 795-807. Available from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.388.2602&rep=rep1&type=pdf 
  15. Kumar A, Kaur G, Kalonia H et al. Evaluation of sesamol and buspirone in stress induced anxiety in mice. Indian J Pharmacol.2013; 45(1):49-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23543858/
  16. Kiran K, Asad M. Wound healing activity of S. indicum L seed and oil in rats. Indian J Exp Biol.2008;46(11):777-782. https://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/4648/1/IJEB%2046(11)%20777-782.pdf
  17. Wei P, Zhao F, Wang Z, Wang Q, Chai X, Hou G, et al. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A comprehensive review of nutritional value, phytochemical composition, health benefits, development of food, and industrial applications. Nutrients. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573514/
  18. Neering H, Vitányi BE, Malten KE. Allergens in Sesame oil contact dermatitis. Acta Dermato-venereologica.1975;55(1):31-34. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/46670/
  19. Kubo Y, Nonaka S, Yoshida H. Contact sensitivity to unsaponifiable substances in Sesame oil. Contact Dermatitis.1986;15(4):215-217. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2948757/
  20. Mysore V, Arghya A. Hair oils. International Journal of Trichology. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9231528/ 
  21. Obiajunwa EI, Adebiyi FM, Omode PE. Determination of essential minerals and trace elements in Nigerian Sesame seeds, using TXRF technique. Pakistan J Nutr.2005;4(6):393-395. Available from: https://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/pjn/2005/393-395.pdf
  22. Wu MS, Aquino LBB, Barbaza MYU, Hsieh CL, De Castro-Cruz KA, Yang LL, et al. Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Sesamum indicum L.—A Review. Molecules [Internet]. 2019 Dec 4;24(24):4426. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6943436/ 
  23. Sesamum indicum L. GBIF. [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.gbif.org/species/113619941

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Shankhpushpi: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Introduction

Shankhpushpi is a plant native to India. It is scientifically called Convolvulus pluricaulis. Shakhpushpi is a Sanskrit word. This word basically means or stands for the plant with bell shaped or conch shaped flowers1,2. These flowers can be blue or white in color. In Ayurveda, it is recognized as ”Medhya Rasayana” which means a drug that rejuvenates, maintains and potentiates intellect and memory. This plant is used from its root to its tips and has a wide range of potential uses in man3.

In India, it is also known by various other vernacular names like:

Potential Uses of Shankhpushpi

The herb has diverse potential benefits for various systems of the body which are as follows1,4,5,6,7,8:   

1. Potential Use of Shankhpushpi for the Brain

brain

Shankhpushpi may have some benefits for brain:

Shankhpushpi may have nootropic potential i.e., it may have potential effect on memory, learning capacity and concentration in the person consuming it. It may be able to have some effect on conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is usually seen in children, wherein the child has trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors or is overly active.  However the studies available are insufficient to validate such claims and the exact effects on humans. You must consult a qualified doctor for proper advice and prescription.

Shankhpushpi may have neuroprotective potential, this indicates that it may have some beneficial effects on mental functions. Its antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory potential may have possible benefit over brain functions like learning, thinking, reasoning, remembering, problem-solving, decision making, and attention. You must consult a qualified doctor for proper advice and guidance.

Due to its potential anti-depressant activity, shankhpushpi may be able to enhance the mood of the person consuming the herb. You must always take advise from a professional Ayurvedic doctor before consuming the plant preparations in depression-like conditions.

2. Potential Use of Shankhpushpi for the Heart and Blood Vessels

heart

The herb shankhpushpi may have some effect on lowering blood pressure and is usually given to treat high blood pressure along with other herbal compounds. Various animal studies have revealed that its extracts lower Low-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-CH) which is the bad cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and phospholipid levels. However, the studies on humans are insufficient to establish these benefits. Shankhpushpi may also be used in patients with high cholesterol due to its potential ability to lower cholesterol. Shankhpushpi may have the potential effect on these conditions. However, you must consult a qualified doctor for the mentioned conditions for proper prescription and detailed guidance.

3. Potential Use of Shankhpushpi for the Stomach

stomach pain

The glycoprotein secretions of the herb may have shown some effect against various types of ulcers in the stomach. It may help in healing stomach ulcers. But we need further studies to establish these benefits.

4. Potential Use of Shankhpushpi for the Skin

skin health

It may make the skin glow. It may help with acne or pimples, which is usually very problematic in the teenage years of life. It may also help with skin infections. All these above potential uses are due to its anti-bacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. You must consult a dermatologist for proper advice on skin conditions.

As is well-known with the brain-related effects of Shankhpushpi, it may also keep away the signs of ageing. Researchers think Shankshpushpi may be a natural anti-aging treatment. Antioxidants are thought to be abundant in it12.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

5. Other Potential use of Shankhpushpi

Shankhpushpi

The extract of shankhpushpi and compounds like tannins, saponins, coumarin, flavonoids, phenol and triterpenoids that are present in shankpushpi contribute to its activity against various bacteria.  

Though studies show the benefits of shankhpushpi against various disease conditions, these studies are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of shankhpushpi on human health. 

Did you know Shankhpushpi might be used for hair growth? Shankhpushpi oil is believed to reduce hair fall and enhance hair growth as a result of its rejuvenating nature13.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use the Herb Shankhpushpi

Shankhpushpi is available as a powder, tablet, capsule, juice, syrup and oil as well. Except for the oil that is massaged, rest all forms can be consumed with water or milk after meals preferably in the morning9

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking shankhpushpi or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Side Effects of Shankhpushpi

Studies so far have not reported any major side effects of shankhpushpi. However, herbs react differently in different people and may have certain side effects and it should never be used for self-medication9,10. If you experience any discomfort, side effects or allergic reactions after using shankhpushpi, stop its use and contact your healthcare provider immediately. 

Precautions

Follow general precautions for any herb as per your doctor’s advice. Kindly do not self-medicate and do not substitute, alter or discontinue any ongoing treatment on your own. Other precautions to be followed are:

Also Read: Green Chilli: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interactions of Shankhpushpi with Other Drugs

Mostly shankhpushpi is considered reasonably safe, but while using it the drugs mentioned below is to be avoided due to their interactions with the herb10

Thus, patients taking blood pressure and seizure management medicines must consult their Ayurvedic physician before taking it. Moreover, Before consuming shankhpushpi for any health effects, talk to your doctor or physician about any precautions you might need to take. Consulting with your doctor will help you make better choices and avoid adverse health effects.

Also Read: Abhayarishta: Uses, Benefits & How to Use It

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is shankhpushpi good for diabetes? 

Ans: It has potential benefits in lowering blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Various studies have been done to support this wherein on adding this herb to the patient on diabetic treatment the blood sugar reduction was higher6. However, these studies are insufficient to advise the exact effect on humans. Always consult a doctor for proper advice on serious conditions like diabetes.

Which is better brahmi or shankpushpi? 

There is no evidence currently available on which one is better than the other, but both may have potential as a memory enhancer and may be used either alone or in combination with other ingredients11

Can brahmi and shankpushpi be taken together? 

Yes, they can be taken together; there are many syrups, capsules, and powders with the above combinations that are available in the market11

Which part of shankpushpi is used as a drug? 

The whole plant is used from top to bottom which includes the roots, stem and flowers of the plant9.  

Are aparajita and shankhpushpi the same? 

Yes, they are the same. Aparajita is another name for Shankhapushpi in the Hindi language1

References

  1. Agarwal, P., Sharma, B., Fatima, A., & Jain, S. (2014). An update on Ayurvedic herb Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy. Asian Pacific Journal Of Tropical Biomedicine4(3), 245-252. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60240-9  
  2. Sethiya, N., Trivedi, A., Patel, M., & Mishra, S. (2010). Comparative pharmacognostical investigation on four ethanobotanicals traditionally used as Shankhpushpi in India. Journal Of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research1(4), 388. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/0110-5558.76437  
  3. Sethiya, N., Nahata, A., Singh, P., & Mishra, S. (2019). Neuropharmacological evaluation on four traditional herbs used as nervine tonic and commonly available as Shankhpushpi in India. Journal Of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine10(1), 25-31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.08.012  
  4. Balkrishna, A., Thakur, P., & Varshney, A. (2020). Phytochemical Profile, Pharmacological Attributes and Medicinal Properties of Convolvulus prostratus – A Cognitive Enhancer Herb for the Management of Neurodegenerative Etiologies. Frontiers In Pharmacology11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00171  
  5. Alzdiscovery.org. (2020). Retrieved 17 December 2021, Available from: https://www.alzdiscovery.org/uploads/cognitive_vitality_media/Shankhpushpi-Cognitive-Vitality-for-researchers.pdf.  
  6. Patel, D., Chandola, H., Baghel, M., & Joshi, J. (2012). Clinical efficacy of Shankhapushpi and a herbo-mineral compound in type-II diabetes. AYU (An International Quarterly Journal Of Research In Ayurveda)33(2), 230. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.105243  
  7. Al-Rifai, A., Aqel, A., Al-Warhi, T., Wabaidur, S., Al-Othman, Z., & Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed, A. (2017). Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Plant Extracts of Some Convolvulus Species and Their DART-ToF-MS Profiling. Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine2017, 1-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5694305  
  8. Bhowmik, D., & Kumar, S. Traditional Indian Herbs Convolvulus pluricaulis and Its Medicinal Importance. Phytojournal.com. Retrieved 3 January 2022, Available from: https://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/4.pdf.  
  9. Dandekar, U., Chandra, R., Dalvi, S., Joshi, M., Gokhale, P., & Sharma, A. et al. (1992). Analysis of a clinically important interaction between phenytoin and Shankhapushpi, an Ayurvedic preparation. Journal Of Ethnopharmacology35(3), 285-288. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90026-n  
  10. Umar, D., Ali, A., Farhan, M., Basheer, B., & Baroudi, K. (2015). Effect of Brahmyadi Churna (Brahmi, Shankhapushpi, Jatamansi, Jyotishmati, Vacha, Ashwagandha) and tablet Shilajatu in essential hypertension: An observational study. Journal Of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research6(4), 148. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.165015  
  11. Umar, D., Ali, A., Farhan, M., Basheer, B., & Baroudi, K. (2015). Effect of Brahmyadi Churna (Brahmi, Shankhapushpi, Jatamansi, Jyotishmati, Vacha, Ashwagandha) and tablet Shilajatu in essential hypertension: An observational study. Journal Of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research, 6(4), 148. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.165015  
  12. Sharma R, Singla RK, Banerjee S, Sinha B, Shen B, Sharma R. Role of Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) in neurological disorders: an umbrella review covering evidence from ethnopharmacology to clinical studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2022;140:104795. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763422002846
  13. Ranga V, Ranga S. General introduction of Shankhpushpi according to Ayurveda. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2021;10(4):2030-2034. Available from: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/ff51aa68d3df0b059bf1d40114c7bedd.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Papaya Leaves and Seeds to Treat Fever and Other Ailments

Introduction

You may not be a Papaya fan, but if you want to step into the fitness world, then this fruit can be your saviour. This soft, sweet, and vibrant coloured fruit is a powerhouse of nutrients. It is one of the best fruits one can have daily to stay fit. The famous Christopher Columbus refers to papayas as the ‘Fruit of the angels’ because of their deliciousness. 

The papaya plant is scientifically known as the Carica papaya plant. It is currently trending for the management of various types of fevers, especially dengue fever. Interestingly, not only papaya fruit but papaya seeds and leaves also have medicinal properties and can be used to help manage fever and its complications. 

Nutritional Facts of Papaya Leaves and Seeds

The papaya fruit and its seeds and leaves are an excellent source of vitamins, minerals, fibre, and antioxidants. It contains an abundant amount of vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin K, and is a potent antioxidant. Papaya leaves are rich in minerals such as phosphorus, iron, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Papaya seeds contain fatty acids and papaya oil.  

Papaya is low in calories and high in fibre; therefore, it can help promote satiety. For example, if you have papaya between meals, it can suppress untimely hunger pangs, which can help in weight loss.  

Health Benefits of Papaya Leaves and Seeds

The entire papaya tree, from its fruit to the leaves, is healthy and has medicinal properties that make it a great option to include in your diet. 

1. Helps in Managing Dengue Fever 

Papaya leaf juice is one of the traditional treatments for dengue fever. Along with allopathic medicines, this traditional medicine works to taper off the body temperature. Dengue fever brings down the blood platelet count; however, papaya leaf extract helps manage this by increasing platelet count. Malaysian studies have proved that papaya leaf extract can contribute to the production of platelets and increase platelet counts. It can also help in the management of dengue complications, such as rashes on the body and haemorrhage1. During dengue fever, a small glass of papaya juice twice a day can significantly increase the platelet count and reduce the fever. However, it should be used only as a supportive measure alongside standard medical care and not be used to replace medical treatment. Its use should be discussed with a healthcare professional, and platelet count changes must be monitored medically. 

2. Helps Avoid Malarial Infection 

Papaya leaves can help in the management of malaria and dengue fever. The leaves of papaya contain acetogenin and other antiviral compounds that may inhibit some proteins in the virus and help avoid diseases like malaria or dengue2

3. Helps With Digestion  

Papaya leaves and seeds contain certain compounds, water and fibres that help ease digestive issues like constipation and bloating. Papain and other enzymes in papaya help ease the digestion process by breaking down proteins. The regular intake of papaya can help alleviate many digestive problems such as bloating, constipation, and heartburn and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome3

4. May Have Anti-Cancer Properties 

The papaya plant contains many phytochemicals such as lycopene that potentially have anti-carcinogenic properties. It may help avoid cancer cell development and further complications. As per studies, the papaya leaf extract may be useful in the management of colon, breast, and prostate cancer. The papaya extract is also rich in antioxidants that can help protect against cancer-cell activity4.  

5. Boosts Immunity 

Papaya leaves contain flavonoids, phenolic compounds, papain, and alkaloids that have antiviral properties and may enhance the body’s immunity. They are a rich source of various vitamins and antioxidants that make you strong. The vitamin C in papaya increases your immunity and can keep you safe from several infections. It also helps in wound healing, digestion, and damaged cell regeneration5

6. Helps in Diabetes 

Papaya leaves, fruit, and seeds have antioxidant properties and are beneficial for individuals with diabetes as they have anti-diabetic properties and are potentially useful in the healing of diabetes-related wounds. According to some research, the consumption of papaya leaf extract helps to maintain blood sugar levels and lower cholesterol levels due to the presence of dietary fibres in it6

7. May Help in Weight Loss 

Excessive weight gain increases the risk of diabetes. Papaya leaf juice is low in calories and high in fibre and can keep you full for a long time. The dietary fibres naturally found in it help detoxify your body and increase your metabolism, which can lead to weight loss. Also, papaya seeds may help in reducing fat absorption, thus playing a role in weight loss6,7

8. Ease Menstrual Pain  

Many women experience painful menstrual cramps in their lives. This pain may be caused by the secretion of hormone-like prostaglandins in menstrual blood. Papaya leaf extract helps in decreasing menstrual pain as it has anti-inflammatory effects and decreases prostaglandin levels in women with painful periods8.  

9. Good for Heart Health 

Papaya leaves and seeds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They also contain many nutrients like vitamins and minerals. These nutrients together may have potentially beneficial effects like protecting the body against cardiovascular conditions, including stroke and heart attack, reducing high blood pressure, and promoting healthy blood circulation7,8

10. Great for Skin  

One of the great benefits of papaya and its leaves is to the skin. Due to the presence of different nutrients in papaya leaves, they keep your skin clean and clear. Papaya has a moisturising effect and can help you manage dry and cracking skin when applied topically. The antioxidant properties in papaya leaves can help you to slow down the ageing process. They also promote wound healing and help you avoid infection9. Papaya leaves are overall beneficial for skin health in all terms.

Also Read: Can You Check Thyroid at Home 

Conclusion

Papaya leaves and seeds are rich in nutrients and natural compounds that may support overall well-being. When used appropriately and with professional medical advice, they can be a beneficial addition to a balanced lifestyle. So if you want to be healthy, don’t forget to add a little bit of papaya to your diet every day. 

Also Read: 11 Surprising Health Benefits Of Coriander Leaves You Should Know

References

  1. Sarala N, Paknikar S. Papaya extract to treat dengue: a novel therapeutic option? Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 May;4(3):320-4. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.133452. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4071726/  
  1. Najar FF, Mandir PV. The potential of papaya leaves in dengue treatment. IJCRT. 2023 Jun;11(6):g377-379. Available from: https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2306735.pdf  
  1. Muss C, Mosgoeller W, Endler T. Papaya preparation (Caricol®) in digestive disorders. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34(1):38-46. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236076415_Papaya_preparation_CaricolR_in_digestive_disorders
  1. Patel S, Rana K, Arya P, Nelson J, Hernandez V, Minakova V. Anticancer Activity of Phytochemicals of the Papaya Plant Assessed: A Narrative Review. J Cancer Prev. 2024 Sep 30;29(3):58-68. doi: 10.15430/JCP.24.020. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11467756/.  
  1. Srivastava R, Jaiswal N, Kharkwal H, Dubey NK, Srivastava R. Phytomedical Properties of Carica papaya for Boosting Human Immunity Against Viral Infections. Viruses. 2025 Feb 16;17(2):271. doi: 10.3390/v17020271. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11861161/.  
  1. Li H, Beg OU, Rafie AR, Kanwal S, Ovalle-Cisneros A, Faison MO, Siddiqui RA. Characterization of Green and Yellow Papaya (Carica papaya) for Anti-Diabetic Activity in Liver and Myoblast Cells and Wound-Healing Activity in Fibroblast Cells. Nutrients. 2023 Apr 17;15(8):1929. doi: 10.3390/nu15081929. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10142885/.  
  1. Santana LF, Inada AC, Espirito Santo BLSD, Filiú WFO, Pott A, Alves FM, Guimarães RCA, Freitas KC, Hiane PA. Nutraceutical Potential of Carica papaya in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 16;11(7):1608. doi: 10.3390/nu11071608. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6682863/  
  1. Abidah SN, Hadisaputro S, Runjati R, Hidayat ST. Effect of carica papaya l leaf on menstrual pain and prostaglandin level in adolescent with primary dysmenorrhea: a true experiment. Belitung Nursing J. 2017 Jun;3(3):198-204. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331217464_EFFECT_OF_CARICA_PAPAYA_L_LEAF_ON_MENSTRUAL_PAIN_AND_PROSTAGLANDIN_LEVEL_IN_ADOLESCENT_WITH_PRIMARY_DYSMENORRHEA_A_TRUE_EXPERIMENT.  
  1. Sharma A, Sharma R, Sharma M, Kumar M, Barbhai MD, Lorenzo JM, Sharma S, Samota MK, Atanassova M, Caruso G, Naushad M, Radha, Chandran D, Prakash P, Hasan M, Rais N, Dey A, Mahato DK, Dhumal S, Singh S, Senapathy M, Rajalingam S, Visvanathan M, Saleena LAK, Mekhemar M. Carica papaya L. Leaves: Deciphering Its Antioxidant Bioactives, Biological Activities, Innovative Products, and Safety Aspects. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jun 9;2022:2451733. doi: 10.1155/2022/2451733. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9203216/  

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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8 Powerful Ayurvedic Herbs With Their Great Benefits

Introduction

Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medical system. Ayurveda means the science or knowledge of life, where ‘Ayur’ means life and ‘Veda’ means knowledge.  

The Ancient and Traditional practice of Ayurvedic is 5,000 years old and works on three basic three principles or doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and ayurveda practice is based on three classical texts – the Charaka Samhita, the Sushruta Samhita, and the Ashtanga Hridaya which were written in Sanskrit over 2,000 years ago and are collectively known as the Great Trilogy. 

Ayurveda takes a holistic approach to health, focusing on lifestyle, diet, and natural substances. It is important to note that while Ayurveda is a recognised traditional system of healthcare in India, its treatments should be approached responsibly and under the guidance of qualified practitioners. Individuals are encouraged to consult registered medical professionals for the diagnosis and management of any medical condition1

The Role of Ayurvedic Herbs

Ayurvedic herbs are an integral part of the Ayurvedic medicine system. Since ancient times, these herbs have been used to help manage different diseases, promote mental clarity, boost immunity, and support healthy skin. In Ayurvedic practice, attention is given to the person as a whole, addressing the mind, body, and lifestyle rather than focusing solely on the symptoms of a condition. A wide range of herbs are used in Ayurveda to treat illnesses, with active ingredients derived from leaves, roots, flowers, and bark. These herbs are selected with the intention of promoting internal balance and supporting the body’s natural functions2.  

Manjistha, for instance, may be beneficial in managing bone-related conditions. A 2020 study found that the root of Manjistha contains a compound that may be effective as a phytomedicine in the treatment of bone disorders16.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Ayurvedic Herbs

The Ayurvedic system offers a traditional, holistic approach to wellness, focusing on balance and overall health rather than isolated symptoms. Some of the benefits of ayurvedic herbs are as follows: 

Some of the Best Ayurvedic Herbs

The following ayurvedic herbs have been traditionally valued for their various properties and uses over many years. Below is an overview of some commonly known herbs and their traditionally associated benefits: 

1. Ashwagandha

ashwagandha

Ashwagandha is a well-known herb in traditional Ayurvedic practice, used for various purposes over many centuries. The name ‘Ashwagandha’ is derived from Sanskrit, where ‘Ashva’ means horse and ‘Gandha’ means smell, suggesting, in traditional texts, the vitality and strength associated with a horse. 

It is sometimes referred to as ‘Winter Cherry’ or ‘Indian Ginseng’, and is particularly noted in Ayurveda for its traditional association with supporting the body’s resilience and overall vitality. The roots of the Ashwagandha plant are commonly used in Ayurvedic preparations5. The benefits of Ashwagandha are as follows: 

Ashwagandha is a versatile herb and is traditionally available in various forms, including powders, tablets, and liquid extracts. It may be taken with or without food, depending on individual preference and practitioner guidance. 

Caution: The use of Ashwagandha during pregnancy is not generally recommended unless under the supervision of a qualified medical professional. Individuals with thyroid-related conditions, particularly hyperthyroidism, should seek advice from a healthcare practitioner before using Ashwagandha or related preparations. 

2. Brahmi

brahmi

Brahmi, also known as Bacopa monnieri, is a well-regarded herb in traditional Ayurvedic practice. It has been traditionally used for its association with supporting cognitive health and mental clarity. The plant’s leaves are considered particularly valued in Ayurvedic literature and are often used in various preparations  

Brahmi is also noted in traditional sources for its natural antioxidant and soothing properties, which have contributed to its continued use over generations. 

Below are some traditionally associated uses of Brahmi7

3. Shatavari

shatavari

Shatavari also known as ‘queen of herbs’. is a medicinal herb with many health benefits. The presence of saponins contributes to its antioxidant properties. Shatavari is traditionally associated with supporting immune function and female reproductive health, as described in classical Ayurvedic texts.  

Here are some benefits of Shatavari8: 

4. Liquorice

liquorice

Liquorice has been used since ancient times in various traditional systems of medicine, including those of India, Greece, and Egypt. Owing to its naturally sweet flavour, it continues to be used in a range of preparations such as herbal teas, confectionery, capsules, and liquid extracts. 

The benefits of Liquorice are as follows9,10: 

Also Read: Dashmularishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

5. Neem

neem leaves

Neem has been mentioned extensively in classical Ayurvedic texts and is included in a large number of traditional formulations. It is often associated with supporting general hygiene, skin care, and internal balance in Ayurvedic practice11.  

The benefits of neem are as follows: 

Licorice root has been traditionally studied for its potential benefits in supporting oral hygiene. Some research17 suggests that compounds found in licorice may help in maintaining dental cleanliness and overall oral health. However, its use should be approached with caution and under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

6. Manjistha

manjistha

Manjistha is particularly noted for its long-standing use in Ayurvedic practices related to circulatory and skin wellness12. The benefits of Manjistha are as follows; 

7. Amla

amla

Amala is highly regarded in Ayurvedic tradition as a nourishing and revitalising fruit. It has naturally occurring antioxidants and helps support the body’s internal balance. The benefits of amala are as follows13

Some studies18 suggest that Amla contains antioxidants and phytonutrients that may help support cognitive health. Its naturally high Vitamin C content is also believed to play a role in maintaining normal brain function.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

8. Haritaki

haritaki

Haritaki is known as the ‘king of herbs’ in Ayurveda. In traditional Ayurvedic belief, Haritaki is associated with promoting internal balance and supporting clarity of mind, vitality, and overall well-being. The benefits of Haritaki are as follows: 

Also Read: Black Salt: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Conclusion

Ayurveda offers a time-tested, holistic approach to health, rooted in balance and natural practices. When used under the guidance of qualified professionals, Ayurvedic herbs may support general well-being as part of a balanced lifestyle. 

Also Read: Tamarind (Imli): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

References

  1. Sharma H. Ayurveda: Science of life, genetics, and epigenetics. Ayu. 2016 Apr-Jun;37(2):87-91. doi: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_220_16. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5688840/  
  2. Shukla SD, Bhatnagar M, Khurana S. Critical evaluation of ayurvedic plants for stimulating intrinsic antioxidant response. Front Neurosci. 2012 Jul 26;6:112. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00112. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3405414/  
  3. Mills PJ, Peterson CT, Wilson KL, Pung MA, Patel S, Weiss L, Kshirsagar SG, Tanzi RE, Chopra D. Relationships among classifications of ayurvedic medicine diagnostics for imbalances and western measures of psychological states: An exploratory study. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2019 Jul-Sep;10(3):198-202. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.02.001. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6822152/  
  4. Patibandla S, Gallagher JJ, Patibandla L, Ansari AZ, Qazi S, Brown SF. Ayurvedic Herbal Medicines: A Literature Review of Their Applications in Female Reproductive Health. Cureus. 2024 Feb 29;16(2):e55240. doi: 10.7759/cureus.55240. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10981444/  
  5. Mikulska P, Malinowska M, Ignacyk M, Szustowski P, Nowak J, Pesta K, et al. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)-Current Research on the Health-Promoting Activities: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 24;15(4):1057. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041057. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10147008/  
  6. Guo S and Rezaei MJ (2024) The benefits of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) supplements on brain function and sports performance. Front. Nutr. 11:1439294. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1439294. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382845577_The_benefits_of_ashwagandha_Withania_somnifera_supplements_on_brain_function_and_sports_performance  
  7. Mathur D, Goyal K, Koul V, Anand A. The Molecular Links of Re-Emerging Therapy: A Review of Evidence of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera). Front Pharmacol. 2016 Mar 4;7:44. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00044. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4778428/  
  8. Alok S, Jain SK, Verma A, Kumar M, Mahor A, Sabharwal M. Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari): A review. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013 Jun;3(3):242–51. doi: 10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60049-3. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4027291/  
  9. Wahab S, Annadurai S, Abullais SS, Das G, Ahmad W, Ahmad MF, et al. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology. Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 14;10(12):2751. doi: 10.3390/plants10122751. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8703329/  
  10. Lai S, Shi L, Jiang Z, Lin Z. Glycyrrhizin treatment ameliorates post-traumatic stress disorder-like behaviours and restores circadian oscillation of intracranial serotonin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2020 Jan;47(1):95-101. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13173. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31494960/  
  11. Reddy IVS, Palagani N. Neem (Azadirachta indica): A review on medicinal Kalpavriksha. Int J Econ Plants. 2022;9(1):59–63. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358875244_Neem_Azadirachta_indica_A_Review_on_Medicinal_Kalpavriksha 
  12. Meena V, Chaudhary AK. Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) – A helping herb in cure of acne. J Ayurveda Holist Med [Internet]. 2015 Jun [cited 2025 Jun 2];3(2):11–17. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302902410_ManjisthaRubia_Cordifolia-_A_helping_herb_in_cure_of_acne 
  13. Shrivastava S, Kaur J, Mehraj M, Feroz F, Chawla J, Kumari S. Emblica officinalis (Amla): A comprehensive review of the miracle berry. Pharma Innov J. 2022;11(6):6–16. Available from: https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2022/vol11issue6/PartA/11-6-187-801.pdf 
  14. Babar TP, Gokhale V. Haritaki—An Ayurvedic literature review. Int J Sci Res. 2021;10(7):22. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362504395_HARITAKI-AN_AYURVEDIC_LITERATURE_REVIEW 
  15. Ram TS, Srinivasulu B, Narayana A. Pragmatic usage of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz): an Ayurvedic perspective vis-à-vis current practice. Int J Ayur Pharma Res. 2013;1(3):72–82. Available from: https://ijapr.in/index.php/ijapr/article/view/50

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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14 Amazing Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds!

Introduction

Looking for a healthy as well as tasty snack? Pumpkin seeds are the perfect choice! These seeds offer many health benefits and a delicious, sweet and nutty taste that you’ll enjoy. From promoting heart health to helping you sleep better, pumpkin seeds are a powerhouse of nutrition. In this article, we’ll share 14 health benefits of pumpkin seeds, but first, let’s look at their nutritional content.

Nutritional Value of Pumpkin Seeds

Friendly Reminder: The information shared here is for educational purposes only and the reader should consult a registered medical practitioner before implementing any changes to their health routine.

Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds

There are many benefits to eating pumpkin seeds. Let’s check them out.

1. Powerful Antioxidant

Pumpkin seeds have antioxidant potential due to Vitamin E and carotenoids. These antioxidants help reduce inflammation and protect our body from damage caused by free radicals[1]

2. Cardio-Protective

Pumpkin seeds are good for heart health. Their antioxidants protect the heart from various disorders. Magnesium in pumpkin seeds helps regulate blood pressure. It also lowers bad cholesterol (LDL) levels and triglycerides, which makes it beneficial for people with high blood pressure and heart disease[2]. Fibre present in pumpkin seeds also reduces cholesterol levels, thus protecting our hearts[4].

3. May Protect from Some Cancers

Consuming pumpkin seeds in moderation may reduce some risk factors related to gastric, breast, and colorectal cancers[6]. This is due to the presence of powerful antioxidants in these seeds. Carotenoids in pumpkin seeds benefit in reducing the risk of prostate cancer[1]

4. Great Addition to Diabetes Diet

For those managing diabetes, pumpkin seeds are a boon. Rich in magnesium, proteins, and fibres, they are known to benefit people with diabetes mellitus. These nutrients, when included in a diabetes diet plan, can help regulate blood sugar levels effectively[1].

5. Immunity Booster

Pumpkin seeds are good for our immune system due to the presence of vitamin E and zinc. Vitamin E enhances immune responses and protects against several infectious diseases[12]. It is also a powerful antioxidant and prevents free radicals from damaging healthy cells in our bodies. Zinc protects our body from inflammation, allergies and invading pathogens, thus preventing infections and increasing overall immunity. Pumpkin seeds exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral properties.

6. Improves Quality of Sleep

Amino acid tryptophan present in pumpkin seeds is good for sleep. It is a precursor to serotonin and melatonin. Both serotonin and melatonin help regulate the sleep-wake cycle[7].

7. Good for Weight Management

Pumpkin seeds benefit bone health because they are rich in proteins and fibre. They make us feel full for a long time, reduce our food intake, and reduce the number of calories consumed. This makes them a good addition to a weight-loss diet.

8. Beneficial for Bones

Pumpkin seeds are rich in magnesium. Magnesium is good for the growth and strength of bones. It has been observed that people with ample amounts of magnesium in their diet tend to have a higher density of minerals in their bones. This helps to avoid risks like bone fractures and osteoporosis[10]. Low levels of magnesium have also been linked to increased inflammation. Another side effect of magnesium deficiency is that calcium levels in the blood also get low. 

9. Good for Prostate Health

For those dealing with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), pumpkin seeds can be a helpful addition to their diet. Rich in zinc, these seeds reduce the chances of prostate cancer[6]. Limited data[13] suggests that pumpkin seed oil may help treat and prevent urinary diseases/disorders.

10. Supports Sperm Health

Pumpkin seeds benefit male health because they are rich in zinc. Zinc plays a supportive role in male fertility as it may help support the quality and quantity of sperm[5].

11. Good for Pregnancy

Pumpkin seeds benefits for female health are especially notable during pregnancy, as they are a good source of zinc. Zinc boosts immunity and helps the baby grow healthy[8]. It is helpful to consume zinc-rich foods during pregnancy. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not consume anything against their doctor’s advice.

12. Reduces Depression and Anxiety

The magnesium and tryptophan in pumpkin seeds may help improve sleep patterns. They may also support relaxation and ease of depression and anxiety symptoms[9]

13. Good for Hair

Pumpkin seeds’ benefits for hair include promoting healthy, strong strands with their rich nutrients. Consuming them makes our hair strong, silky, and shiny.

14. Good for Skin

Pumpkin seeds contribute to skin health. The zinc in pumpkin seeds helps improve collagen production[11], which helps in the repair and rejuvenation of the skin. These nutrient-dense seeds may help ease skin problems when consumed in addition to a healthy diet and lifestyle.

Also Read: Papaya Leaves and Seeds to Treat Fever and Other Ailments

Side Effects of Consuming Pumpkin Seeds

Can You Experience an Allergic Reaction To Pumpkin Seeds?

Pumpkin seeds are not considered highly allergenic, but you may experience an allergy in rare cases. People allergic to pumpkin seeds may show symptoms like headaches, itching, rashes, difficulty breathing, etc. If you are worried about having an allergy to pumpkin seeds, speak with your doctor before trying them out, especially if you have never eaten them.

Also Read: 14 Amazing Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds!

How to Consume Pumpkin Seeds?

The best way to use pumpkin seeds is to roast them and have them as a snack. We also get pumpkin seed oil and pumpkin seed butter in the market. These seeds can also be added to or sprinkled on:

A powerhouse of nutrition, pumpkin seeds support better heart health and digestion; they’re a delicious snack that promotes overall well-being and are easy to add to your diet.

Also Read: 15 Amazing Health Benefits of Papaya Seeds That You Should Know!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can pumpkin seeds cause constipation?

Pumpkin seeds are generally high in fibre, which helps prevent constipation in some individuals. However, if you have an underlying digestive condition or consume them in excessive amounts, they may contribute to constipation. It’s advisable to discuss any concerns with a healthcare professional.

Does pumpkin seeds helps in weight loss?

Pumpkin seeds can support weight loss as they are rich in protein and fibre, promoting feelings of fullness and curbing overeating. However, weight loss depends on overall diet and lifestyle factors. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian on incorporating pumpkin seeds into a weight loss plan.

Does roasting pumpkin seeds destroy nutrients?

Roasting pumpkin seeds can lead to some nutrient loss, particularly with sensitive vitamins like vitamin C. However, the impact on overall nutrient content is relatively modest, and roasted pumpkin seeds remain a healthy snack.

Are pepitas pumpkin seeds?

Yes, pepitas are a type of pumpkin seed. They are hulled pumpkin seeds, which means the outer white shell has been removed, leaving the green seed. Pepitas are often smaller, tender, and easier to snack on than whole pumpkin seeds, and they’re used in various culinary dishes and as a nutritious snack.

Are pumpkin seeds heaty?

Pumpkin seeds are considered “heaty” in traditional Chinese medicine, which means they can generate warmth in the body. This quality may make them a suitable choice during colder seasons or for individuals seeking foods with warming properties.

Can you eat pumpkin seeds everyday?

Incorporating pumpkin seeds into your daily diet is generally beneficial. They provide essential nutrients like magnesium, zinc, and healthy fats, promoting overall health when consumed in moderation. However, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional before consuming excess.

References

  1. KAPGATE PS STUDENT, AURASE SB STUDENT, PIMPALKAR S STUDENT, GARG VR GUIDE. THE COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PUMPKIN SEEDS: A REVIEW. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) [Internet]. 2024 Feb;e226–7. Available from: https://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2403514.pdf
  2. Batool M, Ali Nawaz Ranjha MM, Roobab U, Manzoor MF, Farooq U, Nadeem HR, et al. Nutritional value, phytochemical potential, and therapeutic benefits of pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.). Plants [Internet]. 2022;11(11):1394. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111394
  3. Seeds, pumpkin and squash seed kernels, roasted, without salt – USDA FoodData Central Food Details [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 3]; Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170557/nutrients 
  4. MedlinePlus. Fiber. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. 2023 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002470.htm 
  5. Fallah A, Mohammad-Hasani A, Colagar AH. Zinc is an essential element for male fertility: A review of Zn roles in men’s health, germination, sperm quality, and fertilization. PubMed Central. 2018 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6010824/ 
  6. Batool M, Ranjha MMAN, Roobab U, Manzoor MF, Farooq U, Nadeem HR, et al. Nutritional value, phytochemical potential, and therapeutic benefits of pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.). Plants. 2022 May 24 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1394 
  7. MedlinePlus. Tryptophan. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. 2023 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002332.htm 
  8. MedlinePlus. Zinc in diet. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. 2023 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002416.htm 
  9. Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L. The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress—a systematic review. Nutrients. 2017 Apr 26 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28445426/ 
  10. Groenendijk I, Van Delft M, Versloot P, Van Loon LJC, De Groot LCPGM. Impact of magnesium on bone health in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone. 2021 Oct 19 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34666201/  
  11. Influence of zinc on synthesis and the accumulation of collagen in early granulation tissue https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7466582/
  12. Regulatory role of vitamin E in the immune system and inflammation https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7011499/
  13. Pumpkin Seed Oil Extracted From Cucurbita maxima Improves Urinary Disorder in Human Overactive Bladder https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4032845/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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7 Science-Backed Health Benefits Of Amla (Gooseberry)!

Introduction

To maintain optimal health, meet the superfruit amla! You probably know it as a sour and bitter tasting fruit which your mother may have frequently included in some recipes.  

Amla, consumed in any form, may be equally beneficial. In India, its use has been a longstanding tradition, with its medicinal properties passed down through generations. Today, modern scientific research emphasises on the wide-ranging health benefits of amla, which support the treatment and prevention of various diseases1

Health Benefits of Amla (Gooseberry)

1. Helps Fight Against the Common Cold

cough and cold
Image Source: freepik.com

Amla is the richest known natural source of Vitamin C, a nutrient known to have excellent immunity-boosting and antioxidant properties. Regular consumption of vitamin C is associated with improved function of macrophages and other cells of the immune system. 

As an antioxidant, vitamin C helps with the metabolism of free radicals that are formed from the reactions between oxygen and hydrogen from food and the environment. Free radicals are responsible for premature ageing and cell damage; consuming amla helps in its reduction2.  

2. Lowers Cholesterol Levels

Cholesterol normal range
Image Source: freepik.com

Amla helps in lowering bad cholesterol and keeps the levels of good cholesterol optimal. It can reduce the accumulation of fats in arteries and veins. Amla helps in lowering the risk of getting atherosclerosis and promotes healthy circulation, along with overall cardiovascular health3.

3. Helps with Weight Loss 

weight loss
Image Source: freepik.com

 Amla’s high-fat burning properties have been shown in various studies. This plant accelerates metabolism, improving protein synthesis and reducing fat deposits. It also favours fluid reduction because it promotes diuresis with the excretion of organic toxins through the urine.  

Due to its effect on weight, it is useful for controlling obesity, especially in people with diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular problems4.  

4. Improve Digestive Processes 

Image Source: freepik.com

This fruit is fibrous, and its fibre content stimulates intestinal transit. The Indian population consumes a diet rich in fibre; however, in countries like the United States and many regions of Europe, this is not so, therefore people tend to have a slow intestinal transit time, constipation, and other digestive discomforts. 

The fibre content of amla reduces these problems. Also, in the stomach, it favours digestion because it increases the effect of gastric juices for the breakdown of food. Thus, it is also useful to relieve stomach heaviness and gas5.

5. Excellent Anti-Inflammatory Properties 

reduces inflammation
Image Source: freepik.com

Studies have shown the effectiveness of amla extract for hay fever, arthritis, osteoporosis and joint pain. This plant is capable of acting at the cellular level, reducing the expression of proinflammatory cells such as cytokines, COX, and other mediators that are present in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, among others6

6. Supports Healthy Blood Glucose Levels

Image Source: freepik.com

Amla may help with metabolism by helping in glucose uptake and maintaining blood glucose levels.  

It also reduces oxidative stress and protects pancreatic cells from oxidative damage. The benefits of eating amla include helping in insulin release, which prevents post-meal sugar spikes7.

7. Amla and Its Positive Effects on Cancer 

Image Source: freepik.com

Various studies have determined that the consumption of amla extract is capable of preventing the process of oncogenesis, which  has 4 major mechanisms as follows5:

In my experience, I have observed that amla has shown potential anticoagulant properties. Amla supplementation appeared to prolong the coagulation time, suggesting its anticoagulant activity11.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Consumption of Amla to Support Cancer Treatment 

Studies suggest that amla may have antitumor properties, particularly with certain cancers such as those in the colon and lung. The extract of this fruit can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells without affecting too many healthy cells. 

In some cases, amla does not induce apoptosis, but may help stop the rate of tumour growth; this provides time for conventional pharmacological treatments to target malignant cells. It is important to note that one should not self-treat but should always seek the advice of a healthcare provider5

Did you know that according to ancient Indian mythology, the amla tree is believed to be the first tree ever created in the universe? It holds a special significance in mythology and is considered sacred12

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

Other Benefits of Amla: Uses in Natural Cosmetics

The high vitamin C content in amla makes it an excellent antioxidant. In addition, amla contains significant levels of Emblicanin A and B, which are among the most powerful antioxidants. It also includes bioflavonoids, tannins, and a combination of phenols, such as gallic acid and ellagic acid. These antioxidant compounds help reduce cellular oxidation and free radical proliferation, which are key contributors to the aging of both the skin and hair 5,8,9.

Effects on the Skin 

Image Source: freepik.com

Amla may be used as a tonic for its astringent effect, which helps remove impurities and deeply cleanses and purifies the skin, providing luminosity to the face. Amla is indicated for all skin types, especially for those that are dull, devitalised, and ageing skin. Always seek medical guidance before using a product, to know if it is right for you8

Effects on Hair Growth 

healthy hairs
Image Source: freepik.com

It is a powerful hair care agent that stimulates the hair roots, strengthens the hair strands, and helps promote its growth, with the exception of cases involving congenital alopecia. Its antioxidant properties helps to reduce premature greying. It also has a conditioning effect, providing softness and shine to the hair, improving its texture and helping with split ends9.

Where Can You Get Amla?

Amla-based products are distributed globally, they may be found in organic stores, spice markets, and online shopping sites10.

Over the years, I have observed that amla, with its bioactive compounds, may offer potential protection against neurological alterations, specifically the biochemical changes seen in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Amla’s mechanisms of action is believed to help reduce these changes, possibly by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and promoting brain health12.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

What Amla Formulations are Available?

 Choosing the right presentation of amla will depend on the individual’s preference and needs, these formulations include5,10:

One of the most used formulation of amla are capsules, to avoid the classic bitter taste of amla. However, there are powdered forms available which are mixed with other plants which help improve the flavour. 

When purchasing an amla-based product, you must verify that the proportion of amla is the predominant one, so you will consume an adequate amount to fully benefit from its medicinal properties. 

Also Read: 7 Home Remedies for Glowing Skin 

Conclusion

Amla, or Indian gooseberry, is a superfruit with numerous health benefits, from boosting immunity to supporting weight loss and digestive health. Rich in Vitamin C, it enhances the immune system, lowers cholesterol, helps in weight loss, and has anti-inflammatory properties. Amla also helps regulate blood glucose levels, reduces oxidative stress, and supports cancer prevention, making it a versatile and powerful fruit for overall health. Additionally, it offers cosmetic benefits for skin and hair, promoting youthful skin and stimulating hair growth. 

Also Read: Celtic Salt: Benefits, Nutritional Value, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is it advisable to substitute cholesterol medications and only use amla? 

No, it is not a substitute for any medication. However, if consumed on its alone, it may improve cholesterol levels. Consult a doctor before making changes to your diet. 

Is it safe for children? 

Amla based products come in two forms orally consumable or for external use and both of these are generally considered safe in children. However, it should not be consumed or applied in excess as it may cause discomfort. Always seek a doctor’s advice before using a these products.

Is it suitable for gluten intolerant and colitis patients? 

Yes, amla is a gluten-free product suitable for celiacs. It can improve the symptoms of colitis by reducing inflammation and protecting the intestinal mucosa. It also promotes the regeneration of normal microbial flora of the intestine. 

Can it be used as an energiser? 

Yes, amla is considered a natural energiser that enhances energy and stamina by relieving fatigue, stress,and eliminating toxins from the body. It can be consumed as whole fruit juice, or amla powder can be mixed with water, smoothies, tea or soups. 

References

1. American Indian Health – Health [Internet]. aihd.ku.edu. [cited 2025 Apr 28]. Available from: https://aihd.ku.edu/foods/currants_gooseberries.html  

2. Baliga MS, Dsouza JJ. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), a wonder berry in the treatment and prevention of cancer. European Journal of Cancer Prevention [Internet]. 2011 May [cited 2025 Apr 28];20(3):225–39. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317655/ 

3. Kapoor MP, Suzuki K, Derek T, Ozeki M, Okubo T. Clinical evaluation of Emblica Officinalis Gatertn (Amla) in healthy human subjects: Health benefits and safety results from a randomized, double-blind, crossover placebo-controlled study. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications [Internet]. 2020 Mar [cited 2025 Apr 28];17:100499. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6926135/ 

4. Nazish I, Ansari SH. Emblica officinalis – Anti-obesity activity. Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine [Internet]. 2017 Dec 5 [cited 2025 Apr 28];15(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29206643  

5. Gul M, Liu ZW, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Rabail R, Faheem F, Walayat N, et al. Functional and Nutraceutical Significance of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Review. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2022 May 1 [cited 2025 Apr 28];11(5):816. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/5/816/htm 

6. Wang C, Yuan J, Wang C, Yang N, Chen J, Liu D, et al. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica L on Benzopyrene-Induced Precancerous Lung Lesion by Regulating the IL-1β/miR-101/Lin28B Signaling Pathway. Integrative Cancer Therapies [Internet]. 2016 Aug 24 [cited 2025 Apr 28];16(4):505–15. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5739133/  

7. Sharma P, Joshi T, Joshi T, Chandra S, Tamta S. In silico screening of potential antidiabetic phytochemicals from Phyllanthus emblica against therapeutic targets of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2025 Apr 28];248:112268. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874119305914?via%3Dihub  

8. Fujii T, Wakaizumi M, Ikami T, Saito M. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) extract promotes procollagen production and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology [Internet]. 2008 Sep [cited 2025 Apr 28];119(1):53–7. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874108002961?via%3Dihub  

9. Yu JY, Gupta B, Park HG, Son M, Jun JH, Yong CS, et al. Preclinical and Clinical Studies Demonstrate That the Proprietary Herbal Extract DA-5512 Effectively Stimulates Hair Growth and Promotes Hair Health. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Apr 28];2017:1–11. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429933/  

10. AMLA PROCESSING PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT [Internet]. [cited 2025 Apr 28]. Available from: https://kviconline.gov.in/pmegp/pmegpweb/docs/commonprojectprofile/AmlaProcessing.pdf  

11. Du X, Chen Z, Jin Y, Zeng Z, Li X, Rong C, Cai Z. Role of gut microbiota in the effects of high fructose diet on the liver: Evidence and mechanisms. Front Nutr. 2019 Nov 12;6:128. doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00128. PMCID: PMC6926135. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6926135/

12. Gul M, Liu Z-W, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Rabail R, Faheem F, Walayat N, Nawaz A, Shabbir MA, Munekata P, Lorenzo JM, Aadil R. Functional and Nutraceutical Significance of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Review. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Apr 22;11(5):816. doi:10.3390/antiox11050816. PMCID: PMC9137578; PMID: 35624683. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9137578/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer

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14 Health Benefits of Amaranth Leaves That You Must Know

What Is Amaranth?

While leafy greens like kale, spinach, lettuce, and fenugreek are commonly recommended for their health benefits, amaranth, also known as chaulai, has often been unnoticed. Resembling spinach in appearance, amaranth is primarily found in the foothills of the Himalayas and along the coasts of South India. This versatile plant comes in a range of colours, including gold, red, green, and purple. Historically, amaranth seeds were a staple food for many ancient civilizations, including the Aztecs. In recent years, amaranth has regained popularity as a superfood, especially after studies revealed the numerous health benefits of its seeds. 

Why Amaranth Leaves?

Amaranth leaves are gaining popularity due to their rich nutritional content, including essential vitamins, potassium, and fibre, which may help reduce the risk of heart disease. As a result, they are considered a heart-healthy food. In addition, the seeds of the amaranth plant provide a valuable source of gluten-free protein. Native to tropical climates, amaranth is found across various regions of India, with leaves ranging from green, gold, purple, or red depending on the area where it grows. 

Health Benefits of Amaranth Leaves

Amaranth is often used as part of winter dishes such as saag sometimes considered a less popular alternative to spinach. However, they are in fact nutritionally superior to many commonly consumed leafy greens. Amaranth leaves are a powerhouse of essential nutrients, making them a valuable addition to a balanced diet. Let’s explore some of the key health benefits they offer. 

1. Storehouse of Nutrients

Amaranth leaves are a storehouse of essential phytonutrients and antioxidants that help to reduce inflammation in the body and provide an extra boost of nutrition to one’s health1

2. Low in Calories

Amaranth leaves are an excellent choice for those seeking a nutrient-dense, low-calorie food. Just 100 grams of these leaves contain only 371 calories, with negligible fat and no cholesterol, making them ideal for individuals aiming to manage or reduce their weight2

In addition to being low in calories, amaranth leaves are rich in both soluble and insoluble fibre, which support digestive health and help in regulating cholesterol levels. The combination of fibre and protein in these leaves may promote satiety, reduce appetite, and contribute to healthy weight management. These attributes make amaranth leaves a valuable addition to a balanced, heart healthy diet. 

3. Good for Anaemics 

Amaranth leaves are a valuable source of iron, a vital mineral required for the production of red blood cells and for supporting cellular metabolism. To enhance the absorption of iron from plant-based sources like amaranth, it is recommended to consume them alongside a source of vitamin C, which helps in maximizing iron uptake in the body3. For example, adding a dash of lemon juice to cooked amaranth leaves or pairing the dish with a glass of orange juice can significantly improve iron absorption and help boost overall nutritional benefit.

4. Boosts Immunity 

Amaranth leaves are an excellent source of vitamin C, a powerful water-soluble antioxidant essential for maintaining overall health1. Having 100 grams of the leaves will meet 70% of your daily requirement for vitamin C. This vitamin is a water-soluble vitamin and helps in fighting off infections and in wound healing4. It also helps to reduce the effect of free radicals in the environment which cause ageing and many types of cancer. 

5. Rich in Vitamin A 

Amaranth leaves are rich in vitamin A and a cup of amaranth leaves may meet 97% of your daily requirement of vitamin A. They are also rich in flavonoid polyphenolic antioxidants like beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, and lutein which provide a protective layer against oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Vitamin A is also needed for healthy skin and proper vision1

6. Rich in Vitamin K 

Amongst all the green leafy vegetables, amaranth leaves have the highest quantity of vitamin K. This vitamin is needed for bone health and also plays an important role in blood clotting. It promotes osteoblastic activity and strengthens bone mass. It is also beneficial for those who have Alzheimer’s disease as it controls the neural damage in the brain1

7. Rich in Vitamin B 

Amaranth leaves are rich in B vitamins, these include, folates, riboflavin, niacin, and thiamine. They help prevent birth defects in newborn babies and are needed for optimal mental and physical health1.

8. Rich In Potassium 

The leaves of this plant are rich in potassium, which supports cardiac health. Potassium is necessary to maintain a balanced cellular fluid environment. It also controls the heart rate in the human body1

9. Amaranth is Gluten-free 

The seeds of the amaranth plant are used as a grain substitute and can be ground to be made into flour. This protein-rich flour is entirely gluten-free, so it is incredibly beneficial for those who have gluten intolerance5

10. Rich In Protein 

Amaranth leaves and seeds are excellent sources of plant-based protein, surpassing even oats in protein content1. Obtaining protein from plant sources is often considered a healthier alternative to animal-based proteins, as it typically involves lower levels of fat and cholesterol. The high protein content in amaranth leaves may also help in appetite regulation. Protein-rich foods contribute to a feeling of fullness by lowering insulin levels and promoting satiety, which can be beneficial for those aiming to manage their weight or reduce overall calorie intake. 

11. Amaranth Leaves have Lysine 

Amaranth leaves have lysine, an essential amino acid that is needed for energy production and helps in the absorption of calcium. Lysine in amaranth may also promote hair growth and is beneficial to the skin. Those who have hair loss or greying may benefit significantly from eating amaranth leaves1

12. Helps Reduce Bad Cholesterol 

Amaranth leaves are known to lower bad cholesterol, which are responsible for many cardiac problems6

13. Rich In Calcium 

Amaranth leaves are rich in calcium and thus are beneficial for those who have osteoporosis and other bone health problems related to a deficiency of calcium7

14. Easy to Digest 

Amaranth leaves are often recommended for individuals recovering from illness or those observing fasts, as they are easy to digest. Amaranth leaves are also helpful in supporting digestive health such as in cases of diarrhoea and minor internal bleeding (haemorrhages). Regular consumption has been known to be associated with improved digestion and overall gastrointestinal well-being, making them a suitable addition to a diet focused on recovery and nourishment8

Amaranth leaves are known by a variety of names across different cultures and regions. Some of the commonly used names include African spinach, callaloo, bush greens, Chinese spinach, Joseph’s coat, and golden grain of the Gods. The term “Amaranth” is derived from the Greek word amarantos, meaning “unfading”, a name that reflects the ancient belief of the plant’s enduring and resilient nature. This symbolism, along with its nutritional richness, has contributed to amaranth’s esteemed status throughout history10.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Harad: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

How to Include Amaranth in Your Diet?

Amaranth leaves are highly versatile and feature in a variety of traditional dishes across India and other parts of the world. In India, the red variety of amaranth is most commonly used in cooking. It is often prepared by sautéing the leaves with spices, garlic, and onions, a dish popularly known as lal saag or chaulai saag. In some regions, the leaves are cooked with lentils and served with rice or roti, referred to as dal saag.In Andhra Pradesh, a well-known preparation is thotakura pappu, made by cooking amaranth leaves with moong dal or toor dal. Another regional variation includes a curry made with gram flour and amaranth leaves. In Kerala, the dish is known as cheera thoran, where the leaves are finely chopped and sautéed with grated coconut, chilies, curry leaves, and other traditional spices. In Tamil Nadu, the dish keerai masial is a simple and nutritious preparation served with steamed rice. 

Beyond Indian cuisine, Amaranth is also enjoyed in other cultures. Fresh, tender leaves and shoots can be eaten raw in salads or consumed as a juice9. In China, amaranth is called yin-tsai and is used in a variety of soups and stir-fries. In Greece, the leaves are known as vleeta and are part of a dish called Vrasta Chorta, which includes dandelion, mustard greens, chicory greens, and is typically served with extra virgin olive oil and lemon juice. 

Did you know? Amaranth leaves can be used as a food colouring agent. The common shades that are used are pink or red. Nowadays, the ‘amaranth’ food colouring agent is termed Red Dye No.2 and was banned in the United States in 197610.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Incredible Health Benefits of Guava Fruit & Its Leaves

Conclusion

Amaranth leaves and grains are known as a superfood because they are beneficial for almost every organ of the body. Their mild, earthy flavour makes them easy to incorporate into everyday meals. whether stir-fried, combined with lentils, or prepared in traditional dishes. Rich in protein, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and essential vitamins, amaranth offers significantly more than many other leafy greens.  

Notably, copper and manganese contribute to the body’s antioxidative defence, with copper also playing a vital role in the production of red blood cells. Zinc supports growth, immune function, and digestive health, making amaranth an excellent choice for overall nourishment.  

Also Read: Curry Leaves (Kadi Patta): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

References

  1. Sarker U, Hossain MM, Oba S. Nutritional and antioxidant components and antioxidant capacity in green morph Amaranthus leafy vegetable. Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 28;10(1):1336. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6987210/ 
  2. Soriano-García M, Saraid Aguirre-Díaz I. Nutritional Functional Value and Therapeutic Utilization of Amaranth. Nutritional Value of Amaranth [Internet]. 2020 Mar 18 [cited 2025 May 23]; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335674031_Nutritional_Functional_Value_and_Therapeutic_Utilization_of_Amaranth  
  3. Orsango AZ, Loha E, Lindtjørn B, Engebretsen IMS. Efficacy of processed amaranth-containing bread compared to maize bread on hemoglobin, anemia and iron deficiency anemia prevalence among two-to-five year-old anemic children in Southern Ethiopia: A cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 28;15(9):e0239192. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7521750/ 
  4. Tarigan R, Sinaga A, Shufyani F. Evaluation of effectiveness of ethanol extract of green amaranth leaves (Amaranthus hybridus L.) as an immunostimulant in male white mice (Mus musculus). J Pharm Sci. 2025;8(1):145-54. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388839641_Evaluation_of_effectiveness_of_ethanol_extract_of_green_amaranth_leaves_Amaranthus_hybridus_L_as_an_immunostimulant_in_male_white_mice_Mus_musculus 
  5. Baraniak J, Kania-Dobrowolska M. The Dual Nature of Amaranth-Functional Food and Potential Medicine. Foods. 2022 Feb 21;11(4):618. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8871380/ 
  6. Martirosyan DM, Singh J. Amaranth as a potential dietary adjunct of lifestyle modification to improve cardiovascular risk profile. Nutr Res. 2019 Nov;71:21-28. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.005. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0271531719302568
  7. Olumakaiye M. Evaluation of nutrient contents of amaranth leaves prepared using different cooking methods. Food Nutr Sci. 2011;2(4):249-52. doi:10.4236/fns.2011.24035. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268197694_Evaluation_of_Nutrient_Contents_of_Amaranth_Leaves_Prepared_Using_Different_Cooking_Methods 
  8. Iftikhar M, Khan M. Amaranth. In: Bioactive Factors and Processing Technology for Cereal Foods. Singapore: Springer; 2019. p. 217–232. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6167-8_13. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334419723_Amaranth
  9. Nyonje W, Makokha A, Owino W, Wu J, Wang HI, Abukutsa-Onyango M. Tasty vegetable amaranth recipes from East Africa. 2022. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361166480_Tasty_Vegetable_Amaranth_Recipes_from_East_Africa 
  10. FoodPrint. Real Food Encyclopedia: Amaranth [Internet]. New York: GRACE Communications Foundation; [cited 2025 May 16]. Available from: https://foodprint.org/real-food/amaranth/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Know About 20 Super Healthy Leaves You Must Eat!

Introduction

Leafy greens contain a healthy mix of vitamins, minerals, protein, antioxidants, and other nutrients. Regular consumption of greens such as spinach, kale, and coriander may help support heart health, regulate blood sugar levels, strengthen the immune system, and promote cell growth and repair. Including a variety of leafy greens in your daily diet is a simple yet effective way to enhance overall well-being1. 

Top Leafy Greens and Their Health Benefits

1. Spinach

spinach

Spinach (palak) is rich in iron and fiber, low in fat and cholesterol. Studies1 have shown that spinach may help with digestion, improve eye health, boost energy levels, strengthen bones, and even lower blood sugar and pressure. As a part of every world cuisine, it is the most common green leafy vegetable found in India. 

2. Fenugreek

fenugreek

Fenugreek (methi) leaves are known to improve blood sugar control, insulin levels, and metabolism2. In Indian food, it is used extensively in rotis and curries.  

3. Parsley

parsley

Parsley is packed with vitamins A and C. It offers several health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and pain, helping with digestion, controlling blood sugar, and boosting the immune system. Studies3 also show that it may be beneficial in reducing anxiety and depression. 

4. Mint

mint leaves

Besides freshening our palate, mint (pudina) helps with weight loss, depression, nausea, asthma, and skin problems. It also has several other benefits, like improving brain function, reducing pain during breastfeeding, and helping reduce symptoms of common cold1

5. Cabbage

cabbage

Cabbage is richer in vitamin C than oranges. Cabbage can help with skin problems due to its healing and anti-inflammatory properties. Nutrients present in cabbage may also help reduce cholesterol, improve digestion, and lower blood pressure4. Therefore, cabbage is often considered a great leafy green vegetable that helps to maintain a healthy heart. 

6. Mustard greens

mustard greens

Regular consumption of these ensures blood and liver detoxification, lowering cholesterol, and improving skin and eye health1

7. Lettuce

lettuce

Lettuce is rich in essential vitamins, nutrients, and minerals that lower blood sugar, protect neural health, and fight cancer cells5

8. Curry leaves

curry leaves

Curry leaves (kadhipatta) can be beneficial for stomach ailments, diabetes, and to balance cholesterol. Studies6 have shown that curry leaf extract may help kill breast tumor cells by reducing cell growth and harmful effects in the body.  

9. Red amaranth

red amaranth

It improves cardiovascular health, strengthens bones, and stops hair loss1

10. Bok choy

bok choy

Bok choy is known as Chinese cabbage or pak choi, bok choy is a nutrient-rich cruciferous vegetable. It’s an excellent source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, and folate. One of its key components is selenium, a trace mineral that supports the immune system and helps protect the body from oxidative stress and infection. With its mild flavor and crisp texture, bok choy is a versatile and healthy addition to a balanced diet4

11. Basil

basil

In Indian traditional medicine, basil (tulsi) leaf extracts have been used to manage conditions like bronchitis, rheumatism, and fever. Other known therapeutic uses include managing nerve pain, headaches, reducing blood pressure, and regulating blood sugar levels7. There are different types of basil leaves, like sweet, Greek, Thai, holy, cinnamon, and lettuce basil, each with its unique set of health benefits.  

12. Green onions

green onions

Green onions are rich in essential minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, which support nerve function, muscle contraction, bone health, and blood pressure regulation8

13. Collard greens

collard green

Collard greens contain properties that may offer various health benefits. These include supporting the body’s natural detoxification processes, helping to lower blood pressure, and potentially reducing the risk of certain conditions such as cancer, arthritis, and muscular dystrophy5

14. Kale

kale

Kale is a healthy addition to smoothies and salads. It may help prevent cancer metastasis, support detoxification, enhance heart function, and contribute to healthy brain development4

15. Betel leaf

betel leaf

Beet leaves are known for their analgesic properties. It may help improve digestion, clears acne, increases appetite, and promote oral health. It also has various other antiseptic and antioxidant benefits5

16. Beet greens

beet greens

Beet greens promote healthy bones, teeth, skin, and blood vessels. They improve vision, power up the immune system, and maintain cellular health4

17. Watercress

watercress

Watercress is a nutrient rich leafy green that is linked to a lower risk of heart disease, metabolic disorders, muscle and bone problems, and some cancers4

18. Celery

celery

Celery may improve cardiovascular health, reduces blood pressure, decreases cholesterol, regulates blood sugar, and boosts digestion and weight loss9

19. Fennel

fennel

Apart from enhancing the flavor of the food, fennel offers many health benefits. Studies10 have shown that it helps reduce hot flashes, vaginal itching and dryness, and sleep. 

20. Coriander

corriander

Coriander (cilantro) has more benefits than just enhancing the taste of food. It improves digestion, reduces cholesterol, keeps the urinary tract healthy, promotes better sleep, relieves anxiety, and lowers blood sugar levels11

Also Read: Moringa Leaves – Health Benefits That You Should Know

Conclusion

While most people may not love leafy green vegetables such as those on this list, they are in fact extremely nutritious. Most of these leafy green vegetables are cultivated year-round, which means that they would be available at your nearest grocery market. This makes it easy to include them in your regular diet. With their many health benefits, these 20 leafy greens can be a smart and healthy addition to your everyday meals.

Also Read: 8 Unknown Benefits of Mango Leaves

References

  1. Ravishankar M, Kaur DP, Easdown WJ, Bhushan KB. Traditional Leafy Vegetables of a Tribal Community in Jharkhand, India. International Horticultural Congress (IHC 2014), Brisbane, Australia; 08/2014 [Internet]. 2014 Aug 1 [cited 2025 May 21]; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271699459_Traditional_Leafy_Vegetables_of_a_Tribal_Community_in_Jharkhand_India  
  2. Devi BA, Kamalakkannan N, Prince PSM. Supplementation of fenugreek leaves to diabetic rats: effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in diabetic liver and kidney. Phytother Res. 2003;17(10):1231–3. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.1357 
  3. Es-Safi I, Mechchate H, Amaghnouje A, Kamaly OMA, Jawhari FZ, Imtara H, Grafov A, Bousta D. The Potential of Parsley Polyphenols and Their Antioxidant Capacity to Help in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety: An In Vivo Subacute Study. Molecules. 2021 Apr 1;26(7):2009. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8037343/ 
  4. Bihari C. Importance of Green Leafy Vegetables [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 May 21]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372084104_Importance_of_Green_Leafy_Vegetables  
  5. Gupta RK, Guha P, Srivastav PP. Phytochemical and biological studies of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): Review on paradigm and its potential benefits in human health. Acta Ecologica Sinica [Internet]. 2022 Sep [cited 2025 May 21];43(5). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363915916_Phytochemical_and_biological_studies_of_betel_leaf_Piper_betle_L_Review_on_paradigm_and_its_potential_benefits_in_human_health  
  6. Aisyah S, Handharyani E, Bermawie N, Setiyono A. Effects of ethanol extract of curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) on HER2 and caspase-3 expression in rat model mammary carcinoma. Vet World. 2021 Aug;14(8):1988-1994. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8448650/ 
  7. Jamshidi N, Cohen MM. The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi in Humans: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:9217567. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5376420/ 
  8. Kim SH, Yoon JB, Han J, Seo YA, Kang BH, Lee J, Ochar K. Green Onion (Allium fistulosum): An Aromatic Vegetable Crop Esteemed for Food, Nutritional and Therapeutic Significance. Foods. 2023 Dec 16;12(24):4503. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10742967/ 
  9. Hedayati N, Bemani Naeini M, Mohammadinejad A, Mohajeri SA. Beneficial effects of celery (Apium graveolens) on metabolic syndrome: A review of the existing evidences. Phytother Res. 2019 Dec;33(12):3040-3053. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.6492 
  10. Khadivzadeh T, Najafi MN, Kargarfard L, Ghazanfarpour M, Dizavandi FR, Khorsand I. Effect of Fennel on the Health Status of Menopausal Women: A Systematic and Meta-analysis. J Menopausal Med. 2018 Apr;24(1):67-74. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5949311/ 
  11. Mahleyuddin NN, Moshawih S, Ming LC, Zulkifly HH, Kifli N, Loy MJ, Sarker MMR, Al-Worafi YM, Goh BH, Thuraisingam S, Goh HP. Coriandrum sativum L.: A Review on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Cardiovascular Benefits. Molecules. 2021 Dec 30;27(1):209. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8747064/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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