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Triphala: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Three medicinal herbs make up Triphala (in Sanskrit, “tri” means “three” and “phala” means “fruits”). It is an antioxidant-rich herbal preparation described as a Rasayana (rejuvenator) medicine by Ayurvedic practitioners. Combining the three fruits is said to be responsible for Triphala’s numerous health benefits1

Triphala is made from the dried fruits of: 

Chemical Composition of Triphala

The spring-harvested fruits of Terminalia chebula are high in tannins such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, neochebulinic acid, corilagin, terchebin, punicalagin, terfavin, flavonoids (rutins, luteolin and quercetin), starches, amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine and proline), β-sitosterol, succinic acid, fructose and fatty acids2

The fruits of Terminalia bellerica consist of proteins and oils that include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid). Because of its high fatty acid content, this plant can impact cholesterol levels, increasing high-density lipoprotein levels (good cholesterol) while decreasing low-density lipoprotein levels (bad cholesterol), making it effective in treating coronary artery disease. 

Phyllanthus emblica (amla) fruits are high in ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C2. The high density of tannins may contribute to the overall bitterness of amla. These fruits also include punicafolin and phyllanemblinin A, phyllemblin, and other polyphenols such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, flavonoids and kaempferol2

Based on my experience, I have come across evidence suggesting that Amalaki, which is a component of Triphala, may possess properties to manage diseases of the sense organs and enhance memory. It is believed that the active compounds present in Amalaki exert beneficial effects on the central nervous system, potentially improving sensory function and memory.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Uses of Triphala

Triphala is described as a tridoshic Rasayana in Ayurveda, capable of balancing and rejuvenating the three doshas that regulate human life: Vata, Pitta and Kapha. It is widely used in several disease conditions owing to its following properties1,3:  

Triphala is used to treat fatigue, oxidative stress, and infectious disorders like tuberculosis, pneumonia, AIDS and periodontal disease, among others. It’s also used for headaches, dyspepsia, ascites and leukorrhea3.  

In my experience, I have observed that Triphala, a herbal formulation, may have the ability to increase the number of red blood cells and improve haemoglobin content in the body, making it potentially beneficial for managing anaemia. The active compounds in Triphala are believed to stimulate the production of red blood cells, leading to an increase in haemoglobin levels and overall improvement in anaemic conditions.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Benefits of Triphala

1. Supports Infection Management 

2. Promotes Dental Health

3. Helps Manage Stress

4. Supports Joint Health

5. Aids Digestion

6. Supports Liver Function

7. May Help Manage Diabetes

8. May Support Weight Management

9. Promotes Heart Health

10. Supports Skin Healing

11. Radioprotective Properties 

12. Boosts Immunity

13. Rich in Antioxidants

14. Supports Eye Health

15. Potential Anti-Cancer Properties

16. Anti-Ageing Benefits 

Over the years, I have observed that Triphala, a herbal formulation, might have growth inhibitory activities against certain bacterial strains commonly found in HIV-infected patients. Studies have indicated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Triphala, as well as its individual plant components, have shown potential antibacterial effects against these bacterial isolates.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Atibala: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More

How to Use Triphala

1. Triphala Churna (Powder): 

Haritaki, bibitaki, and amlaki are powdered to make Triphala churna (powder). As per research, it is advisable to take it with ghee, honey, or milk1

2. Triphala Kwatha (Decoction):

It is made by combining the powder with water and boiling it. The decoction is then filtered through a clean cloth, and the filtrate can be used to treat skin conditions like erysipelas, eruptions, scrotal enlargement, colic pain, worm infestation, and urinary diseases. It is applied directly to open wounds and eyes, as well as gargled during pharyngitis1

3. Triphala Taila (Oil):

It is made by boiling Triphala powder with oil. It is used as a gargle, snuff, an enema, and orally to treat obesity and itching1.

4. Triphala Masi (Ash):

It’s made by heating Triphala powder for a long time at a low temperature in a controlled setting. Mashi/Masi is an intermediate product containing organic and inorganic ingredients. The mashi is black and has a high carbon and oxide content. Triphala Mashi, when mixed with honey, can be used to treat soft chancres and wounds1.

5. Triphala Gritha (in ghee or clarified butter):

It is made by cooking the paste of Triphala, trikatu (a herbal compound of Indian Long Pepper (Piper longum), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ghee and milk, as well as grapes (Vitis vinifera), Yestamadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Kutki (Picrorhiza korroa), and cardamom (Elettaria cardamom). It is frequently used to treat eye conditions like conjunctivitis, blindness, and cataracts. Triphala gritha is also used to treat jaundice, leucorrhoea, tumours, greying, and hair loss1

Also Read: Jowar: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Triphala

Terminalia chebula: It should not be used if you have an acute cough, diarrhoea, or early-stage dysentery5.

Also Read: Dashmularishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Triphala? 

Triphala is an ayurvedic herbal formulation made up of dried fruits from three different plants: Terminalia chebula (black myrobalan), Terminalia bellerica (bastard myrobalan), and Phyllantus emblica (emblic myrobalan)2

How to use Triphala churna? 

It is suggested that Triphala churna can be taken with ghee, honey, or milk1.

Can we take Triphala churna with milk? 

Yes, we can take Triphala churna with milk1.

How to use Triphala to regain eyesight?

The Triphala gritha is made by boiling the Triphala paste in ghee and milk. It is frequently used to treat eye conditions like conjunctivitis, blindness, and cataracts1.

What is the use of Triphala churna?

Triphala churna has analgesic, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, hypoglycemic, antiaging, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps with headaches, dyspepsia, fatigue, oxidative stress reduction, and infectious disorders like tuberculosis and periodontal disease3. It is also used for eye problems such as infections, blindness, myopia, and cataractogenesis1.

Is Triphala good for the liver? 

Yes, Triphala is good for the liver as it reduces pro-inflammatory chemicals, restores the levels of antioxidant enzymes, and reduces liver damage, as seen by lower serum enzyme values1.

How is Triphala churna made? 

It is made by grinding haritaki, bibitaki, and amlaki1.

What are the Triphala fruits? 

Triphala is an ayurvedic herbal formulation made up of dried fruits from three different plants: Terminalia chebula (black myrobalan), Terminalia bellerica (bastard myrobalan), and Phyllantus emblica (emblic myrobalan or Indian gooseberry)2

How does Triphala work for eyesight? 

Triphala restores antioxidant enzyme levels in experimental animals, resulting in an 80% reduction in cataract formation1. Thus, it might be helpful in improving eyesight in humans, but more studies are needed to prove the same. 

Is Triphala good for hair? 

Yes, Triphala is good for hair. It is considered to help with hair greying and hair loss1

References

  1. Baliga MS, Meera S, Mathai B, Rai MP, Pawar V, Palatty PL. Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala: a review. Chin J Inter Med. 2012; 18(12): 946-954. https://sci-hub.st/10.1007/s11655-012-1299-x
  2. Tarasiuk A, Mosińska P, Fichna J. Triphala: current applications and new perspectives on the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Chin Med. 2018; 13(1): 39. https://sci-hub.st/10.1186/s13020-018-0197-6
  3. Kumar NS, Nair AS, Nair AM, Murali M. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of triphala-A literature review. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 2016; 5(3): 23. https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-33-672.pdf
  4. Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic uses of triphala in ayurvedic medicine. The J Altern Complement Med. 2017; 23(8): 607-614. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567597/pdf/acm.2017.0083.pdf
  1. Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC press; 2002 Jun 27; Page No: 181. https://www.enpab.it/images/2018/James_A._Duke_-_Handbook_of_Medicinal_Herbs.pdf
  2. Kumar MS, Kirubanandan S, Sripriya R, Sehgal PK. Triphala promotes healing of infected full-thickness dermal wound. J Surg Res. 2008 Jan;144(1):94-101. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2007.02.049. PMID: 17662304. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662304/
  3. Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic medicine. J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Aug;23(8):607-614. doi:10.1089/acm.2017.0083. PMID: 28696777; PMCID: PMC5567597. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567597/
  4. Gupta SK, Kalaiselvan V, Srivastava S, Agrawal SS, Saxena R. Evaluation of anticataract potential of Triphala in selenite-induced cataract: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Oct;1(4):280-6. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.74425. PMID: 21731375; PMCID: PMC3117320. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3117320/
  5. Prasad S, Srivastava SK. Oxidative stress and cancer: Chemopreventive and therapeutic role of Triphala. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Jan 13;9(1):72. doi:10.3390/antiox9010072. PMID: 31941067; PMCID: PMC7022920. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022920/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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10 Healthy Fat Foods That You Should Be Eating!

Introduction

For many years, dietary fat has been viewed with caution. However, evolving research14 suggests that not all fats are the same, and certain types may actually support overall health when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. 

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are naturally present in foods like nuts, seeds, avocados, and certain oils, may offer properties that support heart health and help maintain stable energy levels. These fats are also a source of essential nutrients and may contribute to general well-being. 

On the other hand, saturated fats and trans fats often listed as “hydrogenated oils” on food packaging, are commonly found in processed or packaged foods. When consumed in excess, these types of fats may be linked to less favourable health outcomes and are best limited in the daily diet. 

Choosing the right types of fats and consuming them in appropriate amounts may be a valuable part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. However, it is important to speak with a healthcare professional before making any significant dietary changes, especially if you have existing health conditions or are on medication. 

Here are Ten Fatty Foods that you Should be Eating

1. Butter

butter

Contrary to popular belief, butter may be suitable for consumption when included in moderation. It contains fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamin D and also provides certain polyunsaturated fats like omega-6. Butter may help support the absorption of nutrients from other foods as part of a balanced diet1. 

2. Full-Fat Dairy

milk

Full-fat dairy is once again gaining attention. While it is nutritionally similar to low-fat and skimmed varieties, full-fat milk and its products may offer fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamin A and D in notable amounts2.  

Although controversial, dairy products are often termed ‘superfoods’ as most of them contain probiotics. Among them, fermented dairy products like yoghurt may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

3. Coconut and Coconut Oil

coconut oil

Coconut contains saturated fats, which are often viewed with caution. However, research3 suggests that the fatty acids in coconut and its products may be metabolised differently, as they are directed to the liver for processing. Some studies3 indicate that coconut may support satiety and may have an effect on metabolic activity. 

4. Dark Chocolate

dark chocolate

Dark chocolates are abundant in antioxidants, which helps in lowering blood pressure and is good for the heart. It may also improve brain function and may help protect against skin damage4.

Did you know dark chocolate may have antitussive properties that might help to relieve cough in some people? Some studies12 suggest that eating dark chocolate may help suppress the urge to cough and may have soothing effects.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

5. Nuts 

nuts

Nuts are full of fibre and nutrients like vitamin E, magnesium, and protein. They may be beneficial in supporting metabolism and heart health. Almonds and walnuts, in particular, may provide unique advantages compared to other types of nuts5.  

6. Olive Oil

olive oil

Olives are the cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet, and olive oil, derived from them, may offer numerous benefits. Rich in antioxidants and vitamins E and K, olive oil may support heart health and may help maintain healthy blood pressure levels6

7. Egg Yolks

egg yolk

Egg yolk is known for being rich in fats and cholesterol; however, research7 suggests that this may not have a significant effect on the body’s cholesterol levels. Eggs are a good source of nutrients that may support brain function and heart health. Additionally, they may play a role in supporting weight management when included in a balanced diet7

8. Avocados

avocado

Avocados are rich in fat, but they are also an excellent source of fibre, monounsaturated fats, and heart-healthy cholesterol. Avocados may support overall health and may have potential benefits in managing weight when included as part of a balanced diet8

9. Fatty Fish

fish

Salmon, tuna, trout, sardines, and mackerel are rich in protein and may offer benefits for cardiovascular health. When included as part of a balanced diet, fish may provide unique advantages over other types of meat9

10. Chia Seeds

chia seeds

Chia seeds might not be the first food that comes to mind when thinking of fatty foods, but they are actually a dense source of healthy fats. Chia seeds may offer potential benefits in supporting healthy waist size and blood pressure when included in a balanced diet. They are also a great source of fibre, which makes up a significant portion of their carbohydrate content. An alternative with similar benefits is flax seeds10.  

In addition to healthy fats, chia seeds are a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, and dietary fibre. They also contain various vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. These nutrients may contribute to overall health when included as part of a balanced diet13.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: High Dietary Fiber Foods That You Should Eat Every Day!

What are Good Fats and Bad Fats?

For a long time, fats in foods have been viewed negatively, with many people believing that low-fat equals healthy. However, our bodies need fats to function properly, as they are one of the three essential macronutrients (along with carbohydrates and proteins). The concern lies in the modern diet, which is often high in saturated and trans fats, both of which are linked to less favourable health outcomes, particularly trans fats.  

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, on the other hand, are generally regarded as healthier fats. These fats are linked to improved cholesterol levels (particularly lowering bad cholesterol, or LDL) and may help maintain balanced insulin levels. Foods rich in healthy fats typically contain higher levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats and lower or no amounts of trans or saturated fats3

Also Read: 15 Amazing Health Benefits of Ghee

Conclusion

Incorporating healthy fats into a balanced diet is essential for overall well-being. While it is important to limit saturated and trans fats, adding monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats to your diet may offer a range of health benefits, including supporting heart health and helping to maintain balanced cholesterol and insulin levels. By choosing foods rich in these healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts, and fish, and consulting with a healthcare professional, you can make informed choices that promote long-term health. 

Also Read: Best Summer Foods to Keep Your Body Cool

References

  1. Pimpin L, Wu JH, Haskelberg H, Del Gobbo L, Mozaffarian D. Is Butter Back? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Butter Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Total Mortality. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 29;11(6):e0158118. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4927102/ 
  2. Benatar JR, Sidhu K, Stewart RA. Effects of high and low fat dairy food on cardio-metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 11;8(10):e76480. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3795726/ 
  3. Roopashree PG, Shetty SS, Kumari NS. Effect of medium chain fatty acid in human health and disease. J Funct Foods [Internet]. 2021;87:104724. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104724 
  4. Yang J, Zhou J, Yang J, Lou H, Zhao B, Chi J, Tang W. Dark chocolate intake and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 10;14(1):968. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10781976/ 
  5. Balakrishna R, Bjørnerud T, Bemanian M, Aune D, Fadnes LT. Consumption of Nuts and Seeds and Health Outcomes Including Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr. 2022 Dec 22;13(6):2136-2148. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9776667/ 
  6. Xia M, Zhong Y, Peng Y, Qian C. Olive oil consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Front Nutr. 2022 Oct 18;9:1041203. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9623257/ 
  7. Myers M, Ruxton CHS. Eggs: Healthy or Risky? A Review of Evidence from High Quality Studies on Hen’s Eggs. Nutrients. 2023 Jun 7;15(12):2657. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10304460/ 
  8. Wang L, Tao L, Hao L, Stanley TH, Huang KH, Lambert JD, Kris-Etherton PM. A Moderate-Fat Diet with One Avocado per Day Increases Plasma Antioxidants and Decreases the Oxidation of Small, Dense LDL in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2020 Feb 1;150(2):276-284. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7373821/ 
  9. Hu FB, Bronner L, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Rexrode KM, Albert CM, Hunter D, Manson JE. Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. JAMA. 2002 Apr 10;287(14):1815-21. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11939867/ 
  10. Karimi M, Pirzad S, Shirsalimi N, et al. Effects of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation on cardiometabolic health in overweight subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Nutr Metab (Lond) [Internet]. 2024;21:74. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00847-3 
  11. Sendra E. Dairy Fat and Cardiovascular Health. Foods. 2020 Jun 26;9(6):838. doi:10.3390/foods9060838. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/6/838
  12. Halfdanarson TR, Jatoi A. Chocolate as a cough suppressant: rationale and justification for an upcoming clinical trial. Support Cancer Ther. 2007 Jan 1;4(2):119-22. doi: 10.3816/SCT.2007.n.006. PMID: 18632476. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18632476/
  13. Nutritional, health benefits and usage of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica): a review. Afr J Food Sci. [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 12];[volume(issue)]:[page numbers]. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJFS/article-full-text/310BC7365996

 Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Insulin Resistance: What You Need To Know

Introduction

Insulin-resistance is a growing concern and is linked to conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. Although both conditions share similar symptoms, insulin resistance develops earlier and may be reversed with timely lifestyle changes. Let’s understand what insulin resistance is, and how it can be managed effectively.

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps the cells of the body absorb glucose and use it for metabolism. Insulin resistance is a condition where cells are not able to use the insulin circulating in the body effectively, as they become less responsive to insulin. This leads to difficulty in absorbing glucose from the bloodstream and the accumulation of sugar in the blood. Many people who have insulin resistance have slightly elevated blood sugar levels, known as prediabetes1. This stage is known as the prediabetes stage.

It is not known exactly why one develops insulin resistance; however, overweight or obesity are risk factors for developing this condition. Other factors that may also cause insulin resistance are genetic and lifestyle factors1

Insulin resistance can be temporary or chronic and can be manageable in some cases. Exercise is one of the fastest and the most effective ways to manage insulin resistance apart from oral anti-diabetes and anti-obesity medications, which may be prescribed by your physician to manage the condition.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S. M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Effects of Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance initially does not trigger any symptoms. You may be insulin resistant and may not even realise it. A routine blood glucose test alone may not be able to confirm insulin resistance2.

The earliest symptom of insulin resistance is weight gain, particularly around the waistline, known as central obesity. This weight gain typically appears as a fat waistline, a large belly, a fat and thick neck, a double chin, and a fatty hump at the back of the neck, with relatively thin arms and legs2

Another symptom that people with insulin resistance have is “acanthosis nigricans”. This condition causes dark, thick skin patches in the skin folds like the groin area, armpits, and neck3.

Other Insulin Resistance Symptoms Include

Insulin resistance increases your risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes4,5.

The classic symptoms of diabetes include3: 

Central obesity is the major cause of insulin resistance. It can further lead to high blood pressure, prediabetes, etc. (known as metabolic syndrome). Lifestyle changes can help avoid metabolic syndrome and further avoid any chronic lifestyle diseases.

Dr. Nikhil Yadav, MBBS MD, CCEBDM

Insulin Resistance Causes

The exact cause of insulin resistance is not known; however, it has primarily been linked to obesity and overweight. Excess fat accumulation around the belly leads to an inflammatory reaction, which starts insulin resistance6,7.

Insulin resistance is identified as an impaired biologic response to insulin stimulation of target tissues, primarily the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Insulin resistance impairs glucose disposal, resulting in a compensatory increase in beta-cell insulin production and hyperinsulinemia. The most common causes include obesity and overweight. 

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

Is Insulin Resistance Reversible?

Losing weight can help reduce the severity of insulin resistance and, thereby, improve glucose metabolism in the body. This includes a radical shift in dietary and lifestyle habits. The onset of insulin resistance is only a warning sign as it may be reversed by adopting healthy lifestyle habits8.

Insulin Resistance Tests

How to Manage Insulin Resistance in Daily Life?

Living with insulin resistance can be rather difficult but it is not altogether impossible. Management of insulin resistance begins at home by altering your lifestyle habits, such as:

1. Exercise

exercise

Exercise is a universally recommended lifestyle habit for all people. An exercise routine of 30-60 minutes daily can be the solution for many health problems in the world, including insulin resistance.

Resistance training done with the help of resistance bands, dumbbells, or kettlebells may be effective against insulin resistance.

A combination of resistance training and aerobic training may help reduce your insulin resistance significantly, especially when tracked over a 3-month period10.

2. Sleep

benefits of sleeping

Sleep is a highly compromised lifestyle element but a very important one in determining your overall health. Lack of sleep or poor quality of sleep can make you susceptible to health complications such as type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, and an array of infections over time. Many studies have been able to successfully establish a connection between increased insulin resistance and low levels of sleep11.

3. Stress Management

stress

Stress is another silent killer responsible for aggravating many health conditions in people around the world. Not only does chronic stress mess up your mental health but it also takes a toll on your physical health.

Stress prompts the body to go into fight or flight mode and triggers the release of the hormones catecholamines and glucocorticoids into the body12.

Ongoing stress will keep your body on alert, leading to disturbance in glucose homeostasis, eventually leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. It is crucial that you try to keep your stress levels to a minimum by following these tips12:

4. Follow a Healthy Diet

healthy diet

Maintaining a nutritious and filling diet is important for a healthy lifestyle and keeping your insulin levels under check. Here are a few tips for changing your diet13,14:

Incorporate insoluble fibre in your diet to bulk up your stools and soluble fibre to curb hunger pangs and reduce cholesterol. Foods that provide fibre include oatmeal, legumes, oranges and flaxseeds.

5. Weight

weight management

When you have insulin resistance, irrespective of whether you have type 2 diabetes or not, you need to focus on losing a few pounds for your own health benefit. When starting on your weight loss journey, focus on belly fat reduction, which has been found to be directly linked with insulin resistance.

Also Read: 8 Sign & Symptoms Of Diabetes In Men

Conclusion

Insulin plays an important role in maintaining healthy blood sugar levels. When your body becomes resistant to it, your risk of diabetes and other health issues increases. Fortunately, insulin resistance can managed through healthy lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and stress management. Early detection and regular monitoring with your doctor can help you stay in control and prevent complications.

References

  1. Wilcox G. Insulin and Insulin Resistance. Clinical Biochemist Reviews [Internet]. 2005 May;26(2):19–39. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1204764/
  2. Pearson T, Wattis JAD, King JR, MacDonald IA, Mazzatti DJ. The Effects of Insulin Resistance on Individual Tissues: An Application of a Mathematical Model of Metabolism in Humans. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1;78(6):1189–217. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27306890/
  3. Diabetes Overview [Internet]. CT.gov – Connecticut’s Official State Website. Available from: https://portal.ct.gov/SDE/Publications/Learning-and-Diabetes/Diabetes-Overview
  4. Kosmas CE, Bousvarou MD, Kostara C, Evangelia Papakonstantinou, Evdokia Salamou, Guzman E. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Journal of International Medical Research. 2023 Mar 1;51(3): Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10069006/
  5. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Insulin resistance & prediabetes [Internet]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2018. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance
  6. Freeman AM, Pennings N. Insulin Resistance [Internet]. nih.gov. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507839/
  7. Zatterale F, Longo M, Naderi J, Raciti GA, Desiderio A, Miele C, Beguinot F. Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol. 2020 Jan 29;10:1607. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01607. Avaiable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32063863/
  8. Mingrone G, DeGaetano A, Greco AV, Capristo E, Benedetti G, Castagneto M, et al. Reversibility of insulin resistance in obese diabetic patients: role of plasma lipids. Diabetologia [Internet]. 1997 May;40(5):599–605. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9165230/
  9. MedlinePlus. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test: MedlinePlus Lab Test Information [Internet]. Medlineplus.gov. 2022. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-a1c-hba1c-test/
  10. Keshel TE. Exercise Training and Insulin Resistance: A Current Review. Journal of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy. 2015;5(5). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4625541/
  11. Singh T, Ahmed TH, Mohamed N, Elhaj MS, Mohammed Z, Paulsingh CN, et al. Does insufficient sleep increase the risk of developing insulin resistance: A systematic review. Cureus. 2022 Mar 26;14(3). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9036496/
  12. Sharma K, Akre S, Chakole S, Wanjari MB. Stress-Induced diabetes: A review. Cureus [Internet]. 2022 Sep 13;14(9):e29142. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9561544/
  13. Tettamanzi F, Bagnardi V, Louca P, Nogal A, Monti GS, Mambrini SP, et al. A High Protein Diet Is More Effective in Improving Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Variability Compared to a Mediterranean Diet—A Cross-Over Controlled Inpatient Dietary Study. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 7;13(12):4380. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8707429/
  14. Pereira ASP, Banegas-Luna AJ, Peña-García J, Pérez-Sánchez H, Apostolides Z. Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Some Common Herbs and Spices: Providing New Insights with Inverse Virtual Screening. Molecules [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1;24(22):4030. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/22/4030

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Punarnavadi Mandoor: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Punarnavadi Mandoor is a polyherbal formulation that is rich in iron. It is an effective iron supplement mentioned in Ayurvedic Samhitas. Punarnava Mandoor is generally available in tablets and is mainly used to treat iron deficiency anaemia. The principal constituent of the formulation is Punarnava itself, a herb named Boerhavia Diffusa, with immense medicinal qualities1. Sixteen different herbal ingredients are used to prepare Punarnavadi Mandoor namely, mandoor, iron oxide (ferric oxide) and gomutra (cow’s urine). The herbs that are used in the preparation are punarnava, trivrut, shunti, vidanga, devdaru, chitrak, kustha, haridra, amalaki, bibhitaki, haritaki, danti, chavya, kutaki, musta, and pippalimula1

Did you Know?

Uses of Punarnavadi Mandoor

Punarnavadi Mandoor has been in use since the inception of the Ayurvedic traditions. Ayurvedic medicine is one of the world’s oldest comprehensive therapies. Ayurvedic formulations are prescribed for various ailments to either manage their symptoms or improve health quality. Some of the significant properties of the formulation are its anti-inflammatory, diuretic, blood purifying, haematogenic and haematinic activities1,2

Some of the qualities of the ingredients of the Punarnavadi Mandoor are: 

Punarnava

Chitrak 

Danti 

Devdaru 

Haridra 

Pippalimula 

Musta 

Kutaja 

Suntha 

Triphala 

Trivrut 

Vidanga 

Mandoor 

Gomutra 

Punarnavadi mandoor is one of the Kharaliya Rasayan. Kharaliya Rasayan is known to have a long shelf life with increased treatment efficacy, decreased dose and duration in which it is used. Punarnavadi mandoor is an Ayurvedic medicine that is useful for multiple health conditions. It helps in decreasing cholesterol, creatinine and urea, improves blood quality and count, and removes toxins from the blood8.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor

1. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Iron Deficiency Anaemia

blood toxicity

2. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Liver

liver

3. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Ascites (Fluid Accumulation)

Ascites

4. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Skin

skin

5. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Kidney

kidney health

6. Punarnavadi Mandoor for Geriatric Anaemia (Anaemia in Old Age)

Geriatric Anaemia

7. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Stress

stress

8. Benefits of Punarnavadi Mandoor for Deep Vein Thrombosis

thrombosis

Punarnavadi mandoor is famous in Unani medicine too. It is used as an appetizer, as a reliever in joint pain and ophthalmia, keeps infections away, is an expectorant, relieves flatulence and is a reliable blood purifier9.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Punarnavadi Mandoor?

Punarnavadi Mandoor is usually prescribed to be taken orally by your Ayurvedic physician.  

Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dosage as per your health condition.

Side Effects of Punarnavadi Mandoor

One of the documented side effects of Punarnavadi Mandoor is 

Precautions to Take with Punarnavadi Mandoor

Also Read: Trayodashang Guggulu: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can punarnava mandoor be used for weight loss? 

Punarnavadi Mandoor is not documented for use in weight loss. However, it does act as a diuretic to remove excess fluid from the body. It removes excess fluid without losing electrolytes by increasing urine production. So, this property may be helpful in weight loss1

How is punarnavadi mandoor useful in primary optic atrophy? 

Optic Atrophy is the degeneration of the optic nerve. Punarnavadi Mandoor is one of the medications used in its therapy. Punarnavadi Mandoor belongs to the Thalam treatment, which is one of the Ayurvedic procedures used for primary optic therapy7

Is punarnavadi mandoor an effective remedial therapy for controlling uric acid? 

Punarnavadi Mandoor is found to be very effective in soothing symptoms of gout, an inflammation of joints caused due to excess uric acid2

Can punarnava mandoor be used for PCOS in women? 

No, there is no documented evidence of Punarnavadi Mandoor’s efficacy in PCOS. 

How is punarnavadi mandoor useful for preventing maricose veins? 

Varicose Veins is the swelling and tortuosity of veins of the legs. Punarnavadi Mandoor is beneficial in managing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) symptoms, which is a complication of untreated varicose veins,by reducing inflammation and purifying the blood5

Could punarnavadi mandoor be beneficial for hair growth? 

No, there is no documented evidence of Punarnavadi Mandoor in hair growth. 

References

  1. Pusam P, Bhise DD, Gupta SL, Wadodkar DS, Scholar PG, Professor A, et al. A DETAILED CONCEPT OF PUNARNAVA MANDUR. European Journal of Biomedical And Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 2018 Feb [cited 2022 Feb 25];5(4). Available from: https://www.ejbps.com/ejbps/abstract_id/4191
  2. Balajirao Kachare B, Gupta SL, Chavan S, Lodhe S, Shaha P, Scholar P, et al. A REVIEW ON PUNARNAVADI MANDUR. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Feb 25];8(11). Available from: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/1569832726.pdf  
  3. Megha G. Pandya, Alankruta R. Dave. A clinical study of Punarnava Mandura in the management of Pandu Roga in old age (geriatric anemia). 2014 [cited 2022 Feb 25];35(3). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4649575/pdf/AYU-35-252.pdf
  4. Gour R. Boerhaavia Diffusa Linn Plant: A Review-One Plant with Many Therapeutic Uses. Int Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine (IJPSM) [Internet]. 2021 Apr [cited 2022 Feb 26];6:25–41. Available from: https://ijpsm.com/Publish/Apr2021/V6I403.pdf 
  5. Dr. Pusuluri YVSM Krishna, Wasedar Vishwanath S, Dani Harshikha. Effect of Punarnavadi Mandoor and Shiva Gutika in Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis – A Case Report | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 23]; Available from: https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/284
  6. Dalal KK, Holdbrook T, Peikin SR. CASE REPORT Ayurvedic drug induced liver injury. World Journal of hepatology [Internet]. 2017 Nov [cited 2022 Feb 25];9(31). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5680208/pdf/WJH-9-1205.pdf 
  7. Pahwa P, Kotwal S. A CASE STUDY ON THE AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY OPTIC ATROPHY. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Feb 25];7:679. Available from: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/1527757551.pdf  
  8. Kachare BB, Gupta SL, Chavan S, Lodhe S, Shaha P. A review on Punarnavadi Mandur. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2019;8(11):522–529. Available from: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/1569832726.pdf
  9. Bhowmik D, Sampath Kumar KP, Srivastava S, Paswan S, Dutta AS. Traditional Indian Herbs Punarnava and Its Medicinal Importance. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2012;1(1):52–57. Available from: https://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/5.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Triphala Guggulu: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Triphala Guggulu is a traditional polyherbal formulation as per the Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is composed of resin of guggul (Commiphora wightii), long pepper (Piper longum), and Triphala (fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L., Terminalia chebula Retz, and Terminalia bellirica)1. Triphala is a well-recognized polyherbal medicine classified as the tridoshic rasayan.  

The Triphala formulation contains the fruits Amalaki or the Indian Gooseberry, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki of the three plants2. Triphala Guggulu is one of the most widely used among the other Guggulu formulations3. Phytochemical screening of Triphala Guggulu shows the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids4.   

Nutritional Value of Triphala Guggulu

Apart from various phytochemicals, phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids in Triphala Guggulu4

Did you know?

Uses of Triphala Guggulu

The uses of Triphala Guggulu are as follows: 

Did you know Triphala Guggulu might aid in dental problems as well? Due to its anti-bacterial nature, Triphala Guggulu may be used for dental diseases such as swollen gums, cavities, and bleeding gums9.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Triphala Guggulu

1. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Wound Healing

wound healing

2. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Piles

piles

3. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Managing Constipation

constipation

Triphala found in Triphala Guggulu helps in facilitating bowel movements and relieving constipation7

4. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Managing Diabetic Macular Oedema

diabetic macular oedema

5. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Managing Arthritis

Arthritis

Triphala Guggulu might be used as an useful remedy of choice for cancer! This herbal medicine might offer a natural solution for cancer with its antioxidant nature10.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Triphala Guggulu?

Triphala Guggulu can be taken with warm water. However, it should be used on the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor. The Ayurvedic doctor will prescribe you the dose and form based on the diagnosis.   

Also Read: Ashwagandha – Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions

Precautions to Take with Triphala Guggulu

You should keep the following points in mind: 

Other than its anti-inflammatory nature, Triphala Guggulu has anti-oxidant characteristics as well. This makes Triphala Guggulu a potential medicine of choice for diseases like Atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and diabetes10.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Cardamom (Elaichi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interaction with Other Drugs

There is a lack of sufficient data regarding the interaction of Triphala Guggulu with other drugs. Therefore, you must talk to a doctor about its usage if you are using any other medication or supplement.  

Exploring  the Potential of Triphala Guggulu in ear discharge treatment. It is believed that due to its anti-inflammatory properties, Triphala Guggulu may aid in the treatment of ear discharge (medically known as Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media)11.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Chitrakadi Vati – Benefits, Precautions & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Triphala Guggulu?

Triphala Guggulu is an Ayurvedic formulation composed of Triphala and Guggulu1

What are the herbs used in Triphala Guggulu?

Triphala Guggulu is composed of resin of guggulu (Commiphora wightii), long pepper (Piper longum) and Triphala (fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L., Terminalia chebula Retz, and Terminalia bellirica)1.

What are uses of Triphala Guggulu?

Triphala Guggulu has uses in managing inflammatory conditions, oxidative stress hyperglycemia, and hypolipidemia5. Triphala Guggulu is widely used to manage Vatarakta (gout), Bhagandar (fistula), Gandamala (goitre), Vranaropana (wound healing), Kushtha (leprosy), Pakvavidradhi (abscess), and Asthibhagna (fractures)4

Is Triphala Guggulu helpful in piles? 

Triphala Guggulu is beneficial in piles as it has anti-inflammatory properties. It helps in healing the inflammation of the fistula. Triphala is beneficial in relieving constipation, a problem associated with haemorrhoids. Piper longum aids in the digestion and assimilation of food nutrients7. Though there are benefits associated with the use of Triphala Guggulu, it should not be used as an alternative to conventional therapy.

Is Triphala Guggulu safe during pregnancy? 

Triphala Guggulu is not to be used during pregnancy. Consult your doctor if you feel the need to use Triphala Guggulu. They will suggest an alternative based on your condition. 

What are the precautions to be taken with Triphala Guggulu?

Triphala Guggulu is not to be used during pregnancy and in chronic and recurrent diarrhoea.  There is a lack of sufficient data to support the use of Triphala Guggulu during the breastfeeding period, so it should be avoided. Use it after consulting an Ayurvedic physician. 

How can I use Triphala Guggulu? 

Triphala Guggulu can be used with warm water. However, it should be used on the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor. The Ayurvedic doctor will prescribe you the form and dose based on the diagnosis.

Is Triphala Guggulu beneficial in wound healing?

Yes, the consumption of Triphala Guggulu is beneficial in wound healing. It also helps by reducing the pain associated with the wound6. It can be used as an aid in wound healing, not as a replacement for conventional treatment.  

Is Triphala Guggulu helpful in arthritis?

Triphala Guggulu is a Guggulu-based formulation beneficial in managing acute arthritis. The anti-arthritic benefit of Triphala Guggulu is attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity. It also acts by inhibiting the enzymes that get activated in arthritis, which are hyaluronidase and collagenase8. Triphala Guggulu is not to be used as a means to replace the conventional treatment for arthritis. 

Is Triphala Guggulu helpful in diabetes?

Triphala Guggulu can be beneficial in managing hyperglycemia, but it should not be used to treat diabetes5. There are no studies proving its efficacy in managing diabetes. Consult your doctor before starting any new medicines, as self-medication might worsen the situation.

References

1. Babu Ks, Muguli G, Rao Vadaparthi P, Ramesh B, Gowda V, Paramesh R, et al. A novel high-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of guggulsterones, piperine and gallic acid in Triphala guggulu. Pharmacognosy magazine [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Feb 17];11(Suppl 1):66. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26109777/ 

2. Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic Uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic Medicine. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, NY) [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 17];23(8):607–14. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28696777/ 

3. CLINICAL EFFECTS OF TRIPHALA GUGGULU ON DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA | Semantic Scholar [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 21]. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/CLINICAL-EFFECTS-OF-TRIPHALA-GUGGULU-ON-DIABETIC-Gautam-Chaurasiya/ac7e53abe58490244727071328d8490a4e13ae01 

4. Bhushan D Mhaiskar BPCB. Management of non-healing infected wound by external application of and Hinsradya Taila Triphala Guggulu Case Report [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 21]. p. 132–4. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320111273_Management_of_non-healing_infected_wound_by_external_application_of_and_Hinsradya_Taila_Triphala_Guggulu_Case_Report 

5. Mehra R, Vyas N, Makhija R. A clinical study on the role of Ksara Vasti and Triphala Guggulu in Raktarsha (Bleeding piles). Ayu [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2022 Feb 21];32(2):192. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22408301/ 

6. Sumantran VN, Kulkarni AA, Harsulkar A, Wele A, Koppikar SJ, Chandwaskar R, et al. Hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitory activities of the herbal formulation Triphala guggulu. Journal of Biosciences 2007 32:4 [Internet]. 2007 Jul 9 [cited 2022 Feb 21];32(4):755–61. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12038-007-0075-3 

7. Essential Drugs List(EDL)_Ayurveda. Department of Ayush Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of India. Available from: https://namayush.gov.in/sites/all/themes/webcms/images/essential_drugs/Ayurveda_EDL_list_final.pdf

8. Sumantran VN, Kulkarni AA, Harsulkar A, Wele A, Koppikar SJ, Chandwaskar R, Gaire V, Dalvi M, Wagh UV. Hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitory activities of the herbal formulation Triphala guggulu. J Biosci. 2007 Jun;32(4):755-61. doi: 10.1007/s12038-007-0075-3. PMID: 17762148. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17762148/

9. Prakash S, Shelke AU. Role of Triphala in dentistry. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 Mar;18(2):132-5. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.131299. PMID: 24872616; PMCID: PMC4033874. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4033874/

10. Verma P, Singh B, Kumar A, Sharma R, Kumar V. In-vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Triphala guggul tablets. J Med Herbs Ethnomedicine. 2020;6:45–47. doi:10.25081/jmhe.2020.v6.6238. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/180b/2dd40e458eac41ebaaa155ee02ab51e7583d.pdf

11. Nath S, Jadhav S, Mulik S, Nangare N, Mulik S, Lathwal N. A conceptual study of Triphala Guggul in Karnasrava (C.S.O.M). J Pharm Negative Results. 2023;14(Suppl 01):367–370. doi:10.47750/pnr.2023.14.S01.40. Available from: https://www.pnrjournal.com/index.php/home/article/view/6469

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Chitrakadi Vati: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Chitrakadi vati is well recognised as an Ayurvedic preparation1. It is a polyherbal formulation containing nine ingredients of herbal origin: Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), maricha (Piper nigrum), pippali (Piper longum fruit), pippalimoola (Piper longum root), Chavya (Piper chaba), ginger (Zingiber officinale), hing (Ferula foetida/Ferula asafoetida), ajmoda (Apium leptophyllum), yava ksara (Hordeum vulgare) and panchalavana (Samudra, Sauvarchala, Saindhava, Vida, Audbhida)2.

Uses of Chitrakadi Vati

The uses of Chitrakadi Vati are as follows: 

According to Ayurveda, Chitrakadi vati might be useful in decreasing mouth dryness caused due to increased levels of vatta and pitta levels and decreased kapha levels in the body. Chitrakadi vati might stimulate saliva secretion13.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati

1. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Laxative Activity

constipation

2. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Ovulation

reproductive health

3. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Liver

liver

4. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Inflammation

osteoarthritis

5. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Diabetes

diabetes

6. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Digestion

digestion

7. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Cholesterol

Cholesterol normal range

8. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Anti-diarrhoeal Activity

constipation

9. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati in Managing Blood Clotting

blood circulation

10. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Gastrointestinal Tract

Gastrointestinal Tract

11. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati as an Antioxidant

chitrakadi

12. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Obesity

obesity

13. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Immunomodulatory Activity

chitrakadi

The extracts of chavya considerably boost lymphocyte proliferation, implying an immunomodulatory action, mainly through lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity activation9

In Ayurveda, Chitrakadi vati might help in reducing oedema in the legs and hands (extremities) caused due to ama dosha13.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Chitrakadi Vati?

Chitrakadi vati can be used as: 

Side Effects of Chitrakadi Vati

Some side effects are observed due to the following constituents of Chitrakadi vati: 

Generally, according to Ayurveda, ama and vatta doshas can create joint pain. In such cases, Chitrakadi vati might be useful in reducing joint pain13.

Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS

Also Read: Green Chilli: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Chitrakadi Vati

You should keep the following points in mind: 

Also Read: Abhayarishta: Uses, Benefits & How to Use It

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is chitrakadi vati? 

Chitrakadi vati is an Ayurvedic preparation of Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), maricha (Piper nigrum), pippali (Piper longum fruit), pippalimoola (Piper longum root), Chavya (Piper chaba), ginger (Zingiber officinale), hing (Ferula foetida), ajmoda (Apium leptophyllum), yava ksara (Hordeum vulgare) and panchalavana (Samudra, Sauvarchala, Saindhava, Vida, Audbhida)1,2

What is the use of chitrakadi vati? 

It is commonly used to manage irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and appetite loss. It is also used as a digestive tonic and carminative. Chitrak stimulates digestion and appetite and aids to deal with leprosy, fever, oedema, and scabies1,2.  

How to use chitrakadi vati? 

It is used in the form of Chitrakadi vati extract and Chitrakadi dutika (pills)1,10

Is chitrakadi vati good for liver? 

Yes, it is good for the liver. The consumption of Chitrakadi gutika and buttermilk was found to be effective in managing the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by returning the fatty infiltration of the liver to a normal level4

References

  1. Kumar A, Deepa L, Lakshman K, Satish KV, Chandra Shekar KB, Narayan Swamy VB, et al. Evaluation of laxative activity of Chitrakadi vati, an ayurvedic formulation in rats. Pharmacologyonline [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2022 Feb 28];1:420-3. Available from: https://pharmacologyonline.silae.it/files/archives/2007/vol1/44_Kumar.pdf
  2. Khanvilkar V, Patil L, Kadam V. Standardization of Chitrakadi Vati: An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Feb 28];6(4):303-9. Available from: https://www.ijpsdr.com/index.php/ijpsdr/article/view/359/323
  3. Shukla K, Karunagoda K, Sata N, Pandya MA. Evaluation of the role of Chitrakadi Vati in the management of Bandhyatva w.s.r to anovulation (as a consequence of unruptured follicle). AYU [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 Feb 28];30(4):392-6. Available from: https://www.ayujournal.org/temp/Ayu304392-5572047_152840.pdf
  4. Chandran A, Mahadevan L, Nisha MG. Clinical Efficacy of Chitrakadi Gutika in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Case Study. Int J AYUSH Case Reports [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb28];5(4):237-41. Available from: https://www.ijacare.in/index.php/ijacare/article/view/250/203
  5. Shukla B, Saxena S, Usmani S, Kushwaha P. Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of Plumbago zeylanica L.: a medicinal plant review. Clin Phytosci [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb28];7(1):34. Available from: https://clinphytoscience.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40816-021-00271-7.pdd
  6. Saleem A, Naureen I, Naeem M, Tasleem G, Ahmed H, Farooq U. Therapeutic Role of Piper Nigrum L (Black Pepper) and Pharmacological Activities. Sch Int J Biochem [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Feb 28];5(1):15-21. Available from: https://saudijournals.com/media/articles/SIJB_51_15-21.pdd
  7. Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2022 Feb 28];46(2):409-20. Available from: https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085
  8. Amalraj A, Gopi S. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Asafoetida: A review. J Trad Complementary Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 28];7(3):347-59. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506628/
  9. ) Islam MT, Hasan J, Snigdha HS, Ali ES, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, et al. Chemical profile, traditional uses, and biological activities of Piper chaba Hunter: A review. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Feb 28];257:112853. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32283191/
  10. Chetty KM. Pharmaceutical studies and therapeutic uses of Plumbago zeylanica L. roots (Chitraka, Chitramulamu). Ethnobotanical Leaflets [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2022 Feb28];10:294-304. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215649528_Pharmaceutical_Studies_and_Therapeutic_Uses_of_Plumbago_Zeylanica_L_Roots_Chitraka_Chitramulamu
  11. ) Choudhary S, Kaurav H, Chaudhary G. Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica): A Potential Rejuvenator.Int J Res Appl Sci Biotechnol [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 28];8(2):202-12. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350798692_Citraka_Plumbago_zeylanica_A_Potential_Rejuvenator
  12. Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC press; 2002 Jun 27 [cited 2022 Feb 28]; Page No: Available from: https://www.enpab.it/images/2018/James_A.Duke-_Handbook_of_Medicinal_Herbs.pd
  13. Parihar BK, Kadibagil VR, Ganti BY. Role of Chitrakadi Vati in Grahani Roga. Int Ayurvedic Medical J. 2016;4(2):121–124. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348704184_ROLE_OF_CHITRAKADI_VATI_IN_GRAHANI_ROGA

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Shallaki (Boswellia serrata): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Shallaki is one of the ancient herbs in Ayurveda. It is significantly valued. Shallaki (Sanskrit) is also called Boswellia serrata, in botanical terms. It belongs to the Burseraceae family. It is a moderate-large-sized branching tree. The plant grows in the hilly region of India, the Middle East, and Northern Africa1.

In India, it is found in the dry hilly forests of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Orissa, Assam, and central peninsular regions of Assam and Andhra Pradesh.

The oleo gum resin of Shallaki is used in various Ayurvedic and Unani preparations. Generally, it is used in making incense powder and sticks2

Other Names of Shallaki

Chemical Composition of Shallaki

The extract of Shallaki contains sugars, essential oil, volatile oil, terpenoids, and several pentacyclic triterpene acids like β-boswellic acid4.  

Uses of Shallaki

Shallaki contains marked anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. It has antiseptic and astringent properties that might be beneficial in managing dysentery, piles, diarrhoea, ulcers, skin diseases, tumours, and genitourinary disorders. The oleo-gum resin of Shallaki contains boswellic acid that has analgesic, antitumor, and sedative properties3.  

Benefits of Shallaki

1. Immune System Modulatory Benefits of Shallaki

Immunity

2. Liver Protective & Lipid Reducing Benefits of Shallaki

liver

3. Antidiarrhoeal Benefits of Shallaki

intestine

4. Benefits of Shallaki for Managing Diabetes

diabetes

5. Anti-Cancer Benefits of Shallaki

cancer

According to animal studies2, alcoholic extract of Shallaki exhibited anti-cancer activity by inhibiting the growth of tumours via the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell growth by interfering with the biosynthesis of protein, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid. 

6. Benefits of Shallaki in Managing Arthritis

arthritis

7. Antimicrobial Benefits of Shallaki

infection

The essential oil from the bark of Shallaki was studied against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

8. Benefits of Shallaki as an Anti-asthmatic

asthma

The alcoholic extract of Shallaki improved the physical symptoms of dyspnoea, increase in stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, number of attacks, and mobilisation of intracellular calcium in 70% of the patients with a prolonged history of asthma2

9. Benefits of Shallaki to Prevent Fibrosis

respiratory system

10. Anti-ulcer Benefits of Shallaki

Gastric Ulcers

11. Benefits of Shallaki as an Anticoagulant

heart

I stumbled upon an interesting study that suggests Shallaki might be a fantastic natural option for tackling pain and inflammation. They conducted the study on rats and tested various extracts of Shallaki. And you know what they found? It turns out that Shallaki might have some impressive anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects8.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Safed Musli – Uses, Benefits & Precautions

How to Use Shallaki?

Generally, Shallaki is consumed as:  

It is advisable to consult your physician before consuming Shallaki. 

I found something fascinating about Shallaki. It appears that the resin extract from Shallaki might have shown some powerful properties in rats. It may act as both an anti-inflammatory and an antioxidant agent. But here’s the really exciting part: it might offer protection to certain neurons in the brain and may also improve motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease. These findings hint at the potential of Shallaki as a natural remedy for Parkinson’s disease9.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Side Effects of Shallaki 

There are a few side effects observed with the utilisation of Shallaki. These are mostly mild and transient gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhoea, nausea, or constipation4

Also Read: Black Salt – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Precautions to Take with Shallaki

Keep the following points in mind: 

I would recommend Shallaki if you’re dealing with cervical spondylosis. It might be a game-changer for you. A study was done on a group of people with cervical spondylosis, and they were given Shallaki capsules. Surprisingly, they experienced significant improvements. Their pain reduced, their flexibility increased, and even symptoms like headaches and numbness got better. The best part is that Shallaki was well-tolerated, with no reported side effects10.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Interactions with Other Drugs

Shallaki (Boswellia serrata) might interact with anti-neoplastic agents and leukotriene inhibitors6

Also Read: Masoor Dal – Uses, Benefits & Precautions

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

In which form can I use Shallaki? 

Shallaki can be consumed as a capsule, tablet, or bark decoction1

Can Shallaki be used during breastfeeding? 

There is not sufficient data to support its use during breastfeeding; therefore, it is advisable to consult your doctor before consuming it. 

Is Shallaki good for wounds? 

Yes, Shallaki can be helpful for managing wounds as it exhibits wound-healing activity7

Is Shallaki safe to consume? 

Yes, it is safe to consume Shallaki due to its benefits, but patients consuming leukotriene inhibitors and anti-neoplastic agents should avoid consuming Shallaki6. Hence, it is advisable to consult a physician before taking Shallaki. 

Can Shallaki be used during pregnancy? 

There is no sufficient data to support its safe use during pregnancy; therefore, it is advisable to consult your doctor before consuming it. 

What are the benefits of Shallaki? 

Shallaki has several benefits and is used to deal with diarrhoea, dysentery, piles, ulcers, skin diseases, tumours, and genitourinary disorders3

Can Shallaki be used for arthritis? 

Yes, it can be useful for managing arthritis as it was found to exhibit anti-arthritic effect in an animal model2

What are the other names of Shallaki? 

Shallaki is also known as Salai, Kundur, Indian Olibanum, Frankincense, Dhup, Gugali, Saambraani, Phirangi, Parangi, Chitta, and Guguladhuph1,3

Does Shallaki have any interaction with other drugs? 

Yes, Shallaki has been found to interact with leukotriene inhibitors and anti-neoplastic agents6

Is Shallaki good for asthma? 

Yes, Shallaki was found to improve the physical symptoms of dyspnoea, increase in stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, number of attacks, and mobilisation of intracellular calcium in the patients with a prolonged history of asthma2

What are the side effects of Shallaki? 

Side effects of Shallaki include gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhoea, nausea, or constipation4

References

1. Siddiqui MZ. Boswellia Serrata, A Potential Antiinflammatory Agent: An Overview. Indian J Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2011 May [cited 2022 Feb 17];73(3):255. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22457547/

2. Upaganlawar A, Ghule B. Pharmacological Activities of Boswellia serrata Roxb.-Mini Review. Ethnobot Leafl. 2009;13:766–74. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200126782_Pharmacological_Activities_of_Boswellia_serrata_Roxb 

3. Boswellia serrata — Vikaspedia. No Title [Internet]. Available from: https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/boswellia-serrata  

4. Boswellia Serrata Herbal and Dietary Supplements. 2020;(Md). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563692/  

5. Vuddanda PR, Singh S, Velaga S. Boswellic acid – Medicinal use of an ancient herbal remedy. J Herb Med [Internet]. 2016;6(4):163–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2016.08.002 

6. Posadzki P, Watson L, Ernst E. Herb-drug interactions: An overview of systematic reviews. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75(3):603–18. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225274961_Herb drug_interactions_An_overview_of_systematic_reviews  

7. Ghodela NK, Prasad P, Kumar V, Dudhamal T. Wound healing potential of gums & oleo-gum-resins: a brief review. Glob J Res Med Plants Indig Med [Internet]. 2017;6(January 2018):89–94. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322717048_WOUND_HEALING_POTENTIAL_OF_GUMS_OLEO-GUM-RESINS_A_BRIEF_REVIEW

8. Sharma A, Bhatia S, Kharya MD, Gajbhiye V, Ganesh N, Namdeo AG, Mahadik KR. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of different fractions of Boswellia serrata. Int J Phytomed. 2010;2(1):94-9. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242721376_Anti-inflammatory_and_analgesic_activity_of_different_fractions_of_Boswellia_serrata

9. Doaee P, Rajaei Z, Roghani M, Alaei H, Kamalinejad M. Effects of Boswellia serrata resin extract on motor dysfunction and brain oxidative stress in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019 May-Jun;9(3):281-290. PMID: 31143695; PMCID: PMC6526039. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6526039/

10. Pandey S, Kumar Y, Sharma A. Clinical evaluation of Shallaki Niryas (Boswellia serrata) in the management of Grivaasthi Sandhi Gata Vata (cervical spondylosis). Int Ayurvedic Med J. 2013;1(2):March-April. Available from: https://www.iamj.in/public/article/doi/4.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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8 Sign & Symptoms Of Diabetes In Men

Introduction

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects the manner in which the body processes blood sugar. It is a chronic disease and cannot be cured. Our genes contribute a lot towards our susceptibility to suffering from diabetes but so does our lifestyle. Unhealthy food habits coupled with a sedentary routine can increase the odds of suffering from this disease.

While anyone can get it irrespective of gender, age or social strata, the number of men suffering is high1. One has to seek immediate medical treatment for this disease as a delay in getting medical help might adversely affect your heart, eyes, blood vessels, nerves and kidneys. There are many early warning signs and symptoms of diabetes in men. In any case, consult a doctor and never take medicines on your own, as it might lead to severe complications.

Symptoms of Diabetes

1. Excessive Thirst and Hunger

Drinking water

Since the level of blood sugar is high, it extracts fluids from the cells making the patient feel excessively thirsty. People suffering from diabetes feel hungry frequently because of the body’s inability to efficiently utilize blood sugar to be converted to energy. If you find yourself drinking gallons of water or gorging on food suddenly, talk to your doctor2.

2. Frequent Urination

excess urination

People who suffer from diabetes start using the washroom frequently. Excessive thirst leads to frequent urination. Most men suffer from broken sleep at night. Older patients may even experience bed-wetting. The body tries to expel the extra glucose in the blood through urine. That is another reason for frequent urination2.

3. Fatigue

fatigue

If you have generally been feeling low-key and suffering from tiredness and lethargy without any obvious reasons, you may have diabetes. Unexplained fatigue and listlessness are due to inefficient usage of energy. A glucose test will provide you with clarity so get one done immediately3.

Read More:  10 Foods to Fight Fatigue

4. Unexplained Weight Loss

weight management

Men suffering from diabetes often present with unintentional weight loss. The body is unable to use blood sugar to transform it into energy. This leads to sudden weight loss. If you have lost weight without any reason, please consult your doctor2.

5. Skin Infections

skin infections

Due to high sugar levels in the blood, men suffering from diabetes fall prey to skin infections very often. This could be genital itching or even thrush. The high sugar proves to be a perfect breeding ground for fungus which causes these infections4.

Adding to the symptoms mentioned in the blog burning pain in the legs and feet are also a symptom of diabetes. Regular blood sugar screening is recommended if you are experiencing any of the above.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatric)

6. Vision Loss

vision problems

Men suffering from undiagnosed diabetes may experience blurred vision and rarely loss of eyesight. The high glucose levels in the body are harmful for most organs ,at times the eyes are the first to suffer. Seek treatment immediately if you have a sudden dip in your eyesight2.

7. Slow-healing Wounds

wound healing

Men who suffer from diabetes find that their cuts and wounds take longer to heal. High blood sugar reduces immunity and affects the body’s ability to heal itself. Since the situation can exacerbate gangrene and even can lead to amputation, if you have a wound that is not healing, seek expert medical guidance5.

8. Erectile Dysfunction

erectile dysfunction

Men suffering from diabetes experience erectile dysfunction. There are several mechanisms responsible for such kind of Erectile Dysfunction in diabetes. To name a few, impaired function of nerves, hindrance with the blood flow and psychological issues associated with diabetes are the common ones.  It is important to be aware of false advertisements of many supplements  and medicines that claim to cure ED. One must avoid self-medicating and always consult a doctor beforehand6.

Diabetes especially type 2 is commonly related to erectile dysfunction as high blood sugar over long periods of time can damage nerves and blood vessels causing problems with getting or keeping an erection firm enough.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, MBBS, MD in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Want to manage your diabetes effectively? Book your free diabetes consultation from our experts!

Risk Factors for Diabetes in Men

Many factors contribute to or increase your chances for diabetes and its related complications, some of them include:

How Can You Delay the Onset of Diabetes in Men?

Quitting or reducing daily smoking, engaging in some amount of daily physical activity, maintaining a well-balanced diet and keeping a check on your weight are good measures to reduce the risk of diabetes. Keeping a constant check at intervals on your blood glucose level also helps.

If you have a family history of diabetes and already have been diagnosed with borderline diabetes, certain changes in lifestyle can benefit your physical and mental well-being while also keeping your diabetes in check. Balancing your meals by putting in enough protein, vitamins and leafy vegetables will improve your bodily health. An even mixture of starch, fruits, vegetables, healthy fats and protein comprises a good, balanced and well-made meal.  

Avoiding excess sugar, like carbonated drinks, fizzy sugary juices, sodas, candies and sweets is the key to keeping your diabetes level low. You can indulge in one or two sugary treats once in a while, however, consuming them in moderation is important.

Also Read: Diabetes: The Silent Killer Sweeping Across India

References

  1. Pradeepa R, Shreya L, Anjana RM, Jebarani S, Venkatesan U, Kamal Raj N, Swami OC, Mohan V. Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Profile and Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Seen at a Private Tertiary Diabetes Care Centre in India. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jun 2;11(11):1634. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11111634. PMID: 37297774; PMCID: PMC10252405. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10252405/
  2. CDC. Symptoms of Diabetes [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2024 May 15 [cited 2025 Oct 16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/signs-symptoms/index.html
  3. Fritschi C, Quinn L. Fatigue in patients with diabetes: a review. J Psychosom Res. 2010 Jul;69(1):33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.021. Epub 2010 Mar 23. PMID: 20630261; PMCID: PMC2905388. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2905388/
  4. David P, Singh S, Ankar R. A Comprehensive Overview of Skin Complications in Diabetes and Their Prevention. Cureus. 2023 May 13;15(5):e38961. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38961. PMID: 37313065; PMCID: PMC10259731. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10259731/
  5. Burgess JL, Wyant WA, Abdo Abujamra B, Kirsner RS, Jozic I. Diabetic Wound-Healing Science. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Oct 8;57(10):1072. doi: 10.3390/medicina57101072. PMID: 34684109; PMCID: PMC8539411. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34684109/
  6. Defeudis G, Mazzilli R, Tenuta M, Rossini G, Zamponi V, Olana S, Faggiano A, Pozzilli P, Isidori AM, Gianfrilli D. Erectile dysfunction and diabetes: A melting pot of circumstances and treatments. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2022 Feb;38(2):e3494. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3494. Epub 2021 Sep 21. PMID: 34514697; PMCID: PMC9286480. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9286480/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this

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Amazing Health Benefits of the Avocado

Introduction

Avocado is the most trending fruit when it comes to healthy eating! We are drooling on avocado toasts and flaunting over trendy avocado smoothies, but do we even know what and why avocado is celebrated as a superfood. Let’s explore what makes this fruit stand out in the world of nutrition. 

What is an Avocado?

Avocado is a rich, creamy, and single-seeded fruit with a mild flavor. Scientifically, it is known as Persea Americana and belongs to the family of Lauraceae. There are dozens of varieties of avocados, ranging in size, color, and texture. All are native to tropical climates, and when harvested, the flesh softens to a buttery texture that has become extremely popular. It is also called “Makhan phal” in India. Avocados are also known by other names such as “alligator pear” and “butter pear.” In Spanish-speaking regions, they are called aguacate or palta, while in Portuguese, the word is abacate. In Indonesian, it’s known as alpukat, and in the original Nahuatl language, it was called ahuacatl.

Nutritional Profile of an Avocado

 Avocados are known to be nutrient-dense foods. They are a powerhouse of nutrients such as 

Health Benefits of an Avocado Fruit

1. Anti-inflammatory Properties 

reduces inflammation

Avocados are rich in anti-inflammatory properties that help to reduce body’s internal inflammation. It is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, and plant hormones such as beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. These act as antioxidants and help keep inflammation at bay, providing relief from joint pains and even preventing blot clots2.  

2. Helps to Lose Weight 

weight loss

The most popular health benefit of avocado is that it helps to manage weight. It is used widely in weight loss diets due to the presence of dietary fibers. It controls your weight by keeping you full longer and making you eat fewer calories. Avocados are very low on carbs too, which also promotes weight loss. But do remember not to overdo the consumption as its also called as also has a high fat percentage that needs to be kept in mind.

3. Keep Your Heart Healthy 

heart

Avocado fruit contains a natural plant sterol called beta-sitosterol. Regular consumption of beta-sitosterol and other plant sterols helps to maintain healthy cholesterol levels. This helps avoid plaque deposits in the arteries of your heart arteries and keep your heart healthy3

4. Regulates Blood Pressure 

regulates blood pressure

Avocado is a good source of minerals, especially potassium and sodium, that keep your blood pressure stable. Stable blood pressure helps stave off the risk of heart attack or stroke4

Avocado is an excellent source of potassium, with one serving of a medium avocado (half an avocado) containing even more potassium than a medium banana8

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

5. Great for Vision 

good for vision

Consuming avocado in your diet is also said to be healthy for your eyes. They are full of antioxidants and beta-carotene that are beneficial for the eyes. Avocado contains lutein and zeaxanthin-two phytochemicals that protect to help minimize damage, including that from ultraviolet light1. The high amount of vitamin A in it also helps reduce the risk of macular degeneration that develops with old age5

The monounsaturated fatty acids in avocados help to absorb other fat-soluble nutrients such as beta-carotene. It may help to reduce the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration. 

6. Improves Digestion 

improve digestion

Avocados are full of digestive fibers to keep your gut system healthy. Fiber adds bulk to the stool, which facilitates bowel regularity, thereby enhancing digestion4. They help to prevent constipation, indigestion and may even lower the risk of colon cancer6

Avocados are a delicious way to support your bones and blood health. Avocado is rich in vitamin K1, which helps your body form blood clots when necessary and also helps regulate calcium levels in your bones9

Dr Rajeev Singh, BAMS

7. Essential for a Healthy Pregnancy 

good for pregnancy

Avocados are a good source of folate. Pregnant women can include avocados in their diet as folate helps healthy fetal development and reduces the risk of miscarriage and neural tube defects. Although, its ideal to discuss with a gynecologist first. 

8. Reduces Depression 

may trigger mental illness

The presence of folate in this fruit may help to reduce depression. It helps prevent the build-up of homocysteine, a substance that can impair circulation and delivery of nutrients to the brain. This way, it may help regulate sleep and mood patterns7

9. Keeps Your Skin Shiny 

skin

Avocado is a powerhouse of various nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fatty acids. Hence, it can be great for your skin. It is mainly rich in vitamin C and vitamin E giving your skin a natural glow1

Although studies have shown beneficial effects of avocado, further large-scale human research is needed to prove these benefits. Yet, avocados can prove to be a great addition to your diet. They are full of essential nutrients that make them a super-fruit! 

Avocado may be a natural way to fight signs of aging. This superfood is packed with antioxidants like vitamins C and E9.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Pneumonia Diet: What to Eat & Avoid During Recovery 

How to Add Avocados to Your Diet

Now that we know how avocado may benefit you, here are a few simple avocado recipes to add this amazing fruit to your regular diet: 

With their creamy texture and mild flavor, avocados are versatile enough to be enjoyed in many ways—whether you add them to salads, spread them on toast, or blend them into smoothies, they are an excellent fruit in every term of diet. 

Did you know that Avocado is a natural diuretic? It can help your body get rid of excess water and reduce bloating. Plus, Avocados are rich in potassium, which can help balance out the sodium in your diet and further reduce water10

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: List of Protein Rich Food for Vegetarians

Conclusion

Avocados are truly a remarkable fruit, offering a wide range of potential health benefits. They support heart health, aid digestion, and can enhance your skin’s appearance. Incorporating avocados into your diet can be both simple and delicious, making it easy to enjoy their numerous advantages. They are useful in different forms such as you can eat them with toast or make a tasty smoothie from them. However, remember while they’re healthy overall, moderation with consumption is key, especially considering their fat content. Also, if you have any medical conditions, consult your doctor before incorporating avocado or other natural product in your routine diet. Nonetheless, do give avocados a try and see how this superfruit can make a positive difference in your life.

Also Read: Jamun (Java Plum): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

References

  1. Dreher ML, Davenport AJ. Hass avocado composition and potential health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53(7):738-50. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.556759. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3664913/  
  2. Bhuyan DJ, Alsherbiny MA, Perera S, Low M, Basu A, Devi OA, Barooah MS, Li CG, Papoutsis K. The Odyssey of Bioactive Compounds in Avocado (Persea americana) and Their Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Sep 24;8(10):426. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6826385/ 
  3. Colquhoun DM, Moores D, Somerset SM, Humphries JA. Comparison of the effects on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids, enriched with avocado, and a high-carbohydrate diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Oct;56(4):671-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/56.4.671. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1414966/  
  4. Monge A, Stern D, Cortés-Valencia A, Catzín-Kuhlmann A, Lajous M, Denova-Gutiérrez E. Avocado consumption is associated with a reduction in hypertension incidence in Mexican women. Br J Nutr. 2023 Jun 14;129(11):1976-1983. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522002690. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35979778/  
  5. Khoo HE, Ng HS, Yap WS, Goh HJH, Yim HS. Nutrients for Prevention of Macular Degeneration and Eye-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Apr 2;8(4):85. doi: 10.3390/antiox8040085. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523787/  
  6. Vahedi Larijani L, Ghasemi M, AbedianKenari S, Naghshvar F. Evaluating the effect of four extracts of avocado fruit on esophageal squamous carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines in comparison with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Acta Med Iran. 2014;52(3):201-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24901722/ 
  7. Cheng FW, Ford NA, Taylor MK. US Older Adults That Consume Avocado or Guacamole Have Better Cognition Than Non-consumers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Front Nutr. 2021 Oct 14;8:746453. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.746453. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8551489/ 
  8. Powell J. Avocados – the nutrition source. The Nutrition Source. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/avocados/
  9. Dreher ML, Davenport AJ. Hass avocado composition and potential health effects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2013 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3664913/
  10. Duarte PF, Chaves MA, Borges CD, Mendonça CRB. Avocado: characteristics, health benefits and uses. Ciência Rural. 2016 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/cr/a/VqMdKHmY4y5zHgtJKjc98nS/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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High Dietary Fiber Foods That You Should Eat Every Day!

If you are looking to add more fibre to your diet, there are plenty of options. 

What is Fibre?

Fibres also known as roughage or bulk is a plant-based nutrient that are incredibly important for our body.   

These dietary fibres are indigestible components of plant-based foods. They pass through the stomach without being broken down and reach the colon, where they help maintain a clean and healthy digestive system. 

Certain types of dietary fibres help to lower your risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, improve the health of your gut system and fight against constipation. It also contributes to improving the health of your skin and help you to lose weight. It may even help prevent colon cancer. 

How Much Fibre Do You Need Daily?

The recommended daily intake of fibre is 21 to 25 grams for women and 30 to 38 grams for men with variation with age1

Types of Fibres

High-Fibre Foods to Add to Your Diet

Even if you include high-fibre foods in your daily meals, you may still fall short of the recommended intake. Meeting your fibre needs can be particularly challenging if you’re relying heavily on vegetables alone. Fortunately, a variety of grain-based options are not only rich in fibre but also versatile and enjoyable. Here are some high fibre food options: 

1. Barley

By adding 100 grams of cooked barley in your diet daily can get around 15 to 16 grams of fibre2. Also, you can add this high-fibre grain to roasted vegetables. 

2. Quinoa

quinoa

Quinoa is popular among health-conscious people. It is also loaded with proteins, magnesium, iron, and antioxidants. You can add quinoa to your weekly dinner rotation or stir in cinnamon and sugar for a sweet treat. Quinoa has around 14 to 15 grams of fibre per 100 grams2.

3. Oats

Oat contains a powerful soluble fibre – oat beta-glucan which helps to control blood sugar and cholesterol levels3. 100 grams of oats contain approximately 12 grams of fibre4. You can add it to cookies, muffins, or granola.

4. Whole grain spaghetti

Whole-grain spaghetti can provide many health benefits as it is rich in fibre. 100 grams of whole-grain spaghetti can contain up to 7 grams of fibre5

Did you know that insoluble fibre is known for its rapid passage through the gut? Additionally, it might also play a role in warding off gut infections12

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

5. Popcorns

Popcorn is also called the ”king of snack foods”. You can sprinkle your favourite herbs and spices to enhanceits flavour. 100 grams of air-popped popcorn contain around 15 grams of fibre6.  

6. Broccoli

This vegetable can be considered as a fibre vegetable but is also rich in nutrients such as, vitamin C, vitamin K, and vitamin B. Studies have shown that 200 grams of broccoli contains of fibre and can support the gut bacteria to stay healthy and balanced7

7. Carrots

carrot

Carrot is a root vegetable mainly known for its beta carotene content but it also contains fibres. 100 grams of carrots will give you 4 to 5 grams of fibre2

8. Brussels sprouts

sprouts
Brussels sprouts. Preparation for roasting Brussels sprouts with bacon.

These mini cabbages can be boiled, fried, or can be added raw in your bowl. They’re very high in fibres, vitamin K, potassium, folate, and potent cancer-fighting antioxidants8. 100 grams of Brussels sprouts contain around 4 grams of fibre2

Did you know that soluble fibre, when consumed, acts like a sponge in the gut? It may slow down digestion of fast foods and help to lower blood sugar levels, making it particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetes12

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

9. Artichoke

One of the best sources of fibre. 100 grams of artichokes can provide around 5 grams of fibre9

10. Green peas

Flavourful and healthy, fresh green peas are a great source of fibres and iron, vitamins A, and vitamin C. 100 grams of peas can give you around 6 to 7 grams of fibre2

11. Avocado

avocado

Avocado is widely enjoyed for its creamy flavour and health benefits. It is also loaded with various vitamins, antioxidants, and magnesium. 100 grams of avocados can give you around 7 grams of fibre2. But consult with a nutritionist or doctor before adding it to your diet. 

12. Berries

berries

Berries are usually known to be rich in antioxidants but they are also rich in fibres. 100 grams of gooseberries, strawberries, and blackberries can give you around 8, 2.5, and 4.5 grams of fibre, respectively2

13. Apples

apple

Apples are particularly rich in a type of soluble fibre called pectin. There are about 2 to 3 grams of fibre in 100 grams of apples.2 Studies have shown that apples are helpful in protecting arteries and lower cholesterol10

14. Almonds

almonds

Almonds are high in fibre and many other nutrients such as healthy fats and vitamin E. 100 grams of almonds can give you around 13 grams of fibre2.

15. Chia seeds

chia seeds

Chia seeds are super-foods loaded with soluble fibres. 100 grams of chia seeds provides around 34 grams of fibre11. It also contains a high amount of magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium.

16. Lentils

lentils

Lentils can be an excellent source of fibres. 100 grams of lentil (yellow and brown) can give you up to 17 grams of fibre2. They’re also very high in protein and loaded with many important nutrients. 

17. Beans

Beans such as kidney beans (or rajma) and soybeans are fibre-filled snacks. 100 grams of rajma (black, brown, or red) contains around 16 to 18 grams of fibre. 100 grams of soybeans (brown and white) can give around 21 to 23 grams of fibre2

Fibre acts like a superhero for our bodies! It might help to lower the risk of conditions like heart disease and diverticular disease in addition to diabetes and constipation. By being a friend to our gut microbiome, fibre fights off chronic inflammation linked to these diseases and keeps us feeling healthy and happy13

Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS, M.S.

Fibre and Constipation

Constipation is a common problem and everyone experiences from time to time. It is characterised by the feeling of being unable to pass stool completely or partially. Several factors can contribute to constipation, including lifestyle habits and dietary choices. Common symptoms include stomach cramps, a sensation of fullness, and even a loss of appetite. 

While there are various medications available to relieve constipation, certain foods can be highly effective without causing side effects. Foods rich in fibre are particularly helpful in alleviating this problem by promoting regular bowel movements. Here are some high-fibre foods that can help relieve constipation: 

. Here are some high fibre foods a person can eat to relieve constipation: 

Fibre can a helpful ally in weight loss. By promoting a feeling of fullness, it can help curb your appetite, potentially leading to a reduction in calorie intake. If you’re aiming to lose weight, including fibre-rich foods in your diet may help you feel satisfied while consuming fewer calories.  

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Top Food Sources of Calcium for Your Bones

What are the Side Effects of Too Much Fibre Consumption?

Even though fibre is essential for your body, too much of it may not be good for you. Here are a few side effects of having too much high-fibre foods: 

When checking food labels, keep an eye out for the ‘dietary fibre’ content. Fibre sources with at least 10% of the ‘per cent daily value’ for fibre are generally considered a good addition to your diet. 

Dr. Ashok Pal, B.A.M.S.

Also Read: The Detailed 7 Days GM Diet Plan for Weight Loss

Conclusion

While it may seem beneficial to consume a large amount of fibre, it is essential to maintain a balanced intake. Excessive fibre can lead to digestive discomfort, such as bloating or gas. When adjusting your diet, it’s important to start gradually and listen to your body’s signals. Ensuring adequate hydration is crucial, as fibre works best when paired with sufficient water to prevent issues like constipation or indigestion. 

If you’re unsure about the ideal amount of fibre for your needs, it’s always best to consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice. 

Also Read: 15 Amazing Health Benefits of Ghee

References

  1. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Interpretation, Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Panel on the Definition of Dietary Fibre, Panel on Macronutrients. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fibre, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. National Academies Press; 2005 Nov 28. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=1n53FjqW9goC&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&ots=vlZug47n8I&sig=SOFzunniWKifkGU9iD3fvhWWDhA 
  1. National Institute of Nutrition. Indian Food Composition Tables 2017 [Internet]. Hyderabad (IN): Indian Council of Medical Research; 2017 [cited 2025 May 16]. Available from: https://www.nin.res.in/ebooks/IFCT2017.pdf 
  1. Whitehead A, Beck EJ, Tosh S, Wolever TM. Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Dec;100(6):1413-21. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5394769/ 
  1. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central: Oats, whole grain, steel cut [Internet]. USDA; [cited 2025 May 13]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/2346397/nutrients 
  1. Papakonstantinou E, Xaidara M, Siopi V, Giannoglou M, Katsaros G, Theodorou G, Maratou E, Poulia KA, Dimitriadis GD, Skandamis PN. Effects of Spaghetti Differing in Soluble Fibre and Protein Content on Glycemic Responses in Humans: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Subjects. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 4;19(5):3001. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8909947/ 
  1. Hess J. Popcorn: A healthy, whole grain snack. USDA Agricultural Research Service. 2021. [cited 2025 May 16]. Available from: https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/gfnd/gfhnrc/docs/news-articles/2021/popcorn-a-healthy-whole-grain-snack/ 
  1. Kaczmarek JL, Liu X, Charron CS, Novotny JA, Jeffery EH, Seifried HE, Ross SA, Miller MJ, Swanson KS, Holscher HD. Broccoli consumption affects the human gastrointestinal microbiota. J Nutr Biochem. 2019 Jan;63:27-34. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8025206/ 
  1. Nijhoff WA, Grubben MJ, Nagengast FM, Jansen JB, Verhagen H, van Poppel G, Peters WH. Effects of consumption of Brussels sprouts on intestinal and lymphocytic glutathione S-transferases in humans. Carcinogenesis. 1995 Sep;16(9):2125-8. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/reader/16110910?utm_source=linkout 
  1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central: Food item 169205. 2019. [cited 2025 May 16]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169205/nutrients 
  1. Koutsos A, Riccadonna S, Ulaszewska MM, Franceschi P, Trošt K, Galvin A, Braune T, Fava F, Perenzoni D, Mattivi F, Tuohy KM, Lovegrove JA. Two apples a day lower serum cholesterol and improve cardiometabolic biomarkers in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Feb 1;111(2):307-318. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6997084/ 
  1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central: Food item 170554. 2019. [cited 2025 May 16]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170554/nutrients
  2. Nutrition/Food Services. Fiber Facts. Nutrition/Food Services. 2006 [cited 2025 Jun 10]. Available from: https://sci.washington.edu/info/forums/reports/FiberFacts.pdf
  3. Powell J. Fiber – the nutrition source. The Nutrition Source. 2024 [cited 2025 Jun 10]. Available from: https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/carbohydrates/fiber/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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