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Brinjal (Baingan): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Brinjal is scientifically known as Solanum melongena L. and belongs to the Solanaceae family. It is an annually growing plant of subtropical and tropical regions, grown extensively for its berry-like fruit. This crop is widely grown in China, Bangladesh, Philippines, India and Pakistan1

This bushy plant is a rich source of flavonoids, alkaloids, and other bioactive compounds, like arginine, aspartic acids, etc. It has various common names such as Begun (in Bengali), Baigan (in Hindi), Vartaku (in Sanskrit), Vangi (in Marathi), and Brinjal (in English). It is confirmed that there are about 15-20 varieties of brinjals, making them available in a wide variety of colours, shapes, and from various countries. Brinjals have many Ayurvedic medicinal properties; hence, they are also known as the King of Vegetables1,2

Did You Know?

Nutritional Value of Brinjal

Brinjals (Baingan) are an essential source of nutrients that are beneficial to human health. 

Nutritional Value (per 100g)

Vitamins and Minerals in Brinjal

Amino Acids in Brinjal

Properties of Brinjal

Brinjal is grown mainly for food and medicinal purposes. The bioactive components of this plant might have potential helpful properties1. Some potential properties include:

Including brinjal in your diet may correct your iron balance. Consuming brinjal, which is known to have iron-chelating properties, may be beneficial for pregnant females, lactating mothers, and teenage females. The iron in eggplant has the potential to help with conditions like pre-menstrual syndrome, amenorrhoea, and antenatal anaemia5.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Brinjal

Brinjals are a unique source of nutrients and might be helpful to human health. Brinjals have been used in traditional medicine to manage many diseases4. Some of the potential uses of brinjal are described as follows. 

1. For Diabetes 

Brinjal is a rich source of fibre and has low soluble carbohydrate levels, making it a potent option for managing type 2 diabetes. Studies4 found that brinjal might help with glucose levels in the blood in diabetic animal models. These studies showed that brinjal might be a good addition to the daily diet to help with oxidative stress, glucose levels and blood pressure in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. However, more studies on humans are required. 

2. For Obesity 

Brinjal might effectively help with the digestion of lipids and their absorption into the body, which means that having brinjals regularly will allow you to enjoy your burgers safely too (somewhat at least). It also contains bioactive compounds, which might have the potential to solubilise serum triglycerides (fats) and cholesterol in the body and help manage body weight4. However, there is a requirement for more studies on this subject. 

3. For Cancer 

Brinjal might have beneficial effects against different types of cancer, such as lung cancer and gastric (related to the gut) cancer. The dietary fibre present in brinjal might promote the digestion of food. It may also eliminate the toxic wastes from the body that eventually helps with cancer of the stomach or colon4. This may indicate potential benefits of brinjal for cancer, however, studies are insufficient to establish the impact on human health. 

4. For Skin and Hair 

Brinjal is composed of fat, vitamins, lots of water and minerals that might help with better skin tone and quality of skin, hair, and nails. It may also help with cancer of the skin2. However, much more extensive research is required in this area to state the above-mentioned potential uses as facts. 

5. Other Potential Uses

Though there are studies that show the benefits of brinjal in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of brinjal on human health.  

Based on my experience, consuming a carotenoid-rich diet, such as eggplant, may help address vitamin A deficiency, which is a common problem among school-going children, particularly in developing countries. The carotenoids present in eggplant are easily converted into vitamin A in the body, providing a natural and accessible source of this essential nutrient.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Brinjal

Brinjal can be used in the following ways: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Incorporating dry eggplants into your diet may have potential benefits in the management of stomach bloating, gas, and piles. Dry eggplants are known to possess certain compounds that can help improve digestion, reduce gas formation, and alleviate symptoms associated with piles5.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Side Effects of Brinjal

In recent years, consumption of brinjal may have caused rare allergic reactions. However, some sensitive individuals are generally affected by a minor class of allergens present in brinjal. The potential allergen is found to be non-protein metabolites. The most common side effects of brinjal are itching of the throat, skin rashes all over the body, discomfort and hoarseness (gruffly voice). If such allergic reactions appear, consult your Ayurvedic physician immediately. 

Also Read: Arrowroot Powder: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Brinjal

Since allergic reactions are observed with brinjal consumption, general precautions need to be followed to avoid health issues. Please do not use herbs for self-treatment without consultation with a qualified doctor.

Also Read: Peanuts: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Interactions With Other Drugs

There is no evidence of the interactions between brinjal and other drugs. However, more research is required to confirm its safety in the presence of a drug. 

Also Read: Raw Mango: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Does brinjal help with constipation? 

Yes, the dietary fibre of brinjal might help with bowel movements, which might help with constipation2. However, more research is required to confirm the stated effects. 

What are the benefits of brinjal (Baingan) during pregnancy?

Brinjal contains iron and is also considered a chelator of iron that might help to capture iron molecules in the body. However, you should consult with a doctor and confirm if it’s entirely safe to eat it during pregnancy2

What are the advantages of brinjal? 

Brinjal may have many advantages; it may help with diabetes, paralysis, killing of microorganisms, gas problems, and bone and dental issues. It may also help with stomach bloating, piles and gout2. However, there is a need for much more research to confirm such potential benefits. 

Does brinjal help to tackle infection? 

Yes, brinjal contains chlorogenic acid and other essential substances that might trigger the immune system and produce antibodies that may be beneficial during viral or microbial infection2. However, more research is required to confirm these effects of brinjal on human health. 

What vitamins are present in brinjal? 

Brinjal contains niacin, thiamin, vitamin C, riboflavin, choline, vitamin B6, vitamin A, folate, vitamin K, beta-carotene and vitamin E3

References

  1. Das M, Barua N. Pharmacological activities of Solanum melongena Linn. (Brinjal plant). Int J Green Pharm. 2013 Oct 1;7(4):274-7. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270016065_Pharmacological_activities_of_Solanum_melongena_Linn_Brinjal_plant 
  2. Fraikue FB. Unveiling the Potential Utility of Eggplant: A Review. 2016 Aug 1;1. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310846026 
  3. Gürbüz N, Uluişik S, Frary A, Frary A, Doğanlar S. Health benefits and bioactive compounds of eggplant. Food Chem. 2018 Dec 1;268:602–10. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.093 
  4. Ferrara L. A case of allergy and food sensitivity: the nasunin, natural color of eggplant. J Pharm Bio Sci. 2015 Oct 1;5(10):54-8. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lydia-Ferrara-2/publication/283538679_A_case_of_allergy_and_food_sensitivity_the_nasunin_natural_color_of_eggplant/links/5643402308aef646e6c69439/A-case-of-allergy-and-food-sensitivity-the-nasunin-natural-color-of-eggplant.pdf 
  5. Naeem MY, Ugur S. Nutritional content and health benefits of eggplant. Turkish J Agric Food Sci Technol. 2020;7(sp3):31–6. doi:10.24925/turjaf.v7isp3.31-36.3146. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338402175_Nutritional_Content_and_Health_Benefits_of_Eggplant

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Radish (Mooli): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

The common radish is scientifically known as Raphanus sativus L. It belongs to the family Brassicaceae. It is considered a root vegetable as it can store starch and other bioactive compounds. The shape of radish resembles actual roots. Its colour varies from white in Asia to red and different colours (green, purple and black) in Europe, although its flesh is white in most Asian and European countries. The intense flavour and diverse tastes of radish are owing to an essential compound known as isothiocyanate. Due to this characteristic flavour and taste, it is popular in countries such as Hawaii, Japan, and the Philippines1

Nutritional Value of Radish

Radish is a low-calorie vegetable and a good source of a wider range of nutrients1.

Did you know?

Properties of Radish

Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates contribute to the beneficial potential of radish1,3. It is also used as a remedy in Indian, Unani and Greeko-Arab to manage various conditions4. The potential properties of radish are: 

Potential Uses of Radish

The extracts of radish may be used to manage many conditions1. Let’s read on to see how munching on some radish can make you healthier. 

1. Potential Uses of Radish for Diabetes

Diabetes

Many studies show that radish extract contains antioxidants such as polyphenols that enhance insulin secretion. Further, radish extract was observed to potentially inhibit enzymes (glucosidase) that converts starch into simple sugars. It may augment the defence mechanism with its antioxidant activity, may reduce lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. This may indicate that it may be helpful in maintaining energy metabolism and glucose uptake and may reduce glucose absorption in the blood4. However, Before using radishes or any other herbal remedies for diabetes, have a consultation with your Ayurvedic doctor provider so that he can guide you with correct choices. 

In my perspective, radish might be a powerhouse of nutrients that may offer multiple health benefits. They are packed with antioxidants, calcium, and potassium, all of which may contribute to lowering high blood pressure and reducing the risk of heart disease. Additionally, radishes are a natural source of nitrates, which might improve blood flow throughout the body.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

2. Potential Uses of Radish (Mooli) for Liver

liver

Several studies have recorded the potential beneficial effects of radish extract for the liver. In a study3, the bioactive compounds in radish root and sprouts were found to reduce the seriousness of fatty liver disease in animal models. In another study on animal models, black radish extracts exhibited liver protective effects. Further, the administration of a radish extract resulted in reduced oxidative stress and prevented fat accumulation. The effects shown by radish could be credited to the antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds present in radish extracts.  

Therefore, it may help with the decrease in the levels of enzymes that indicate liver damage and the reduced levels of lipids and cholesterol suggest that radishes might indeed have potential benefits for liver. Further studies are needed to establish the benefits of radish for the human liver. If you are suffering from any liver-related issues, consult your doctor before using radish or any other herbal remedies. 

From what I have seen and read, radish may have great benefits for the urinary and kidney function. Thus, by including radishes in your diet, you may contribute to the overall health of your urinary and kidney systems7.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

3. Potential Uses of Radish for Cancer

cancer

Due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates, eating may have benefits that may help people with cancer. Detoxification enzymes, prevention of cell cycle progression, and activation of apoptosis (cell death) are the potential anticancer mechanisms that may be exhibited by bioactive compounds present in radish as per studies. These are responsible for the anticancer activity of radish against different types of cancer cell lines3

Cancer is a severe medical condition that requires medical diagnosis and treatment. Before using any herb or fruit, consult your doctor.   

4. Potential Uses of Radish for Hair

hair

In a study5 conducted on animal models, it has been shown that saponins extracted from radish may be helpful with the loss of human hair. The radish crude saponin-treated group demonstrated the potential benefits for hair follicles (HFs) in the deep part of the skin and may ultimately develop HFs corresponding to the anagen phase (or active phase) of the hair-growth cycle. The benefits of radish are not sufficiently studied for human hair. If you face hair fall, reach out to your healthcare provider for a consultation.  

Though the studies above show the benefits of radish in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of herb on human health.   

How to Use Radish?

The edible part of radish is mainly its roots. Also, we can eat its leaves, pods, seeds, flowers and sprouts of radish in various forms1,3. Radish can be used in the following ways: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Side Effects of Radish

In a study6 on animal models, it has been seen that feeding animals with high quantities of radish led to certain side effects on the thyroid glands and its functioning as described as follows: 

Therefore we should take care while consuming radish in large quantities and it is better to enjoy it in moderate amounts6. Moreover if you observe discomfort or any other uncomfortable symptoms on eating radish, you must consult your Ayurvedic physician. They will be able to assess the situation and guide you regarding the course of action further. Even natural preparations can show specific side effects on individuals as everyone’s body reacts differently to certain compounds present in them. 

Also Read: Karela (Bitter Gourd): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Radish

Radish is generally considered to be safe if it is taken in the recommended dosages and as food. However, general precautions should be followed while consuming radish. Please do not try to treat yourself by consuming herbs. Ayurvedic herbs may have potential benefits, but it is advisable to consult a qualified Ayurvedic physician before taking any herb for its health benefits.  

Studies on animal models show that having too much radish can cause an increase in the level of thyrotropin6. However, no valid study provides evidence on safety precautions to be followed with radish extracts. However, extra care needs to be taken by pregnant women, lactating mothers, children, and older people while having radish. In case of any unusual symptoms, immediately consult your Ayurvedic physician.  

Also Read: Bottle Gourd (Lauki): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

We cannot deny the possibility of certain drugs reacting with herbs and food like radishes. Therefore, it is essential to consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming any herbal item in more than regular quantities. Your Ayurvedic physician can appropriately modify the dosage and prescribe as per your current medications, conditions, and requirements.  

Also Read: Pudina (Mint): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is it ok to eat radish every day?  

The root is usually consumed in the diet as pickles, salads or cooked in curries, but it may develop conditions like hypoactive thyroid gland (where your thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones). So, radish should be eaten in a moderate amount6.

Is radish good for the liver?  

Yes. There are several potential benefits of radish for the liver stated in studies. It may help to manage lipids and cholesterol levels and may potentially reduce oxidative stress due to its bioactive compounds. Several animal studies documented the benefits of radish in fatty liver disease, liver cancer owing to its liver-protective properties3. However these studies are insufficient to identify the benefits of radish for liver in humans. You must always consult your doctor for advice. 

Is radish (Mooli) beneficial for hair growth?  

Yes. The extract of radish contains saponins that may help with human hair fall. Animal studies have shown its ability to increase the number of hair follicles by supporting the active phase of hair growth5. But further studies are needed to understand its actual potential for human hair. 

What are the advantages of radish for cancer?  

Studies show that radish has many potential benefits against cancer due to its anti-cancer properties. Cancer is a serious medical condition that may need medical diagnosis and treatment. Before using any herb or fruit for such conditions you must consult your doctor for accurate advice3.

Are radishes healthier cooked or raw?  

There is no scientific evidence validating whether eating radishes raw or cooked is more beneficial. However, there are similar benefits to eating raw radish and cooked radish. 

References

  1. Gamba M, Asllanaj E, Raguindin PF, Glisic M, Franco OH, Minder B, et al. Nutritional and phytochemical characterization of radish (Raphanus sativus): A systematic review. Trend Food Sci Technol. 2021 Jul 1;113:205-18. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224421003058
  1. US Department of Agriculture [Internet]. Radish, raw; 2020 Oct 30 [cited 2022 June 8]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1103374/nutrients 
  1. Manivannan A, Kim JH, Kim DS, Lee ES, Lee HE. Deciphering the Nutraceutical Potential of Raphanus sativus-A Comprehensive Overview. Nutrients. 2019 Feb 14;11(2):402. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/2/402 
  1. Banihani SA. Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Diabetes. Nutrients. 2017 Sep 14;9(9):1014. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/9/1014 
  1. Kim HK. Hair Growth Promoting Effect of Radish Crude Saponin Extract on Athymic Nude Mice. Int J Adv Smart Converg. 2019 March 31;8(1):184-95. Available from: https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201909258119891.page
  1. Chandra AK, Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh D, Tripathy S. Effect of radish (Raphanus sativus Linn.) on thyroid status under conditions of varying iodine intake in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 2006 Aug 1;44(8):653-61. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16924836/ 
  2. New Jersey Department of Agriculture. Radishes [Internet]. Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Agriculture; [cited 2025 Dec 22]. Available from: https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/farmtoschool/documents/seasonality-chart/F2S%20Radishes.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Mulberry (Shahtoot): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Mulberry, scientifically known as Morus alba, belongs to the family Morceau. It is considered one of the most significant medicinal plants, valued for its wide-ranging therapeutic uses. The Latin word ‘mor-us’, meaning “oddly enough,” is believed to have influenced the origin of the word “maul.” The genus Morus includes several notable species, such as the native red mulberry (Morus rubra), the East Asian white mulberry (Morus alba), and the southwestern Asian black mulberry (Morus nigra)1,2.  

The fruits of mulberry are known as toot or shahtoot (meaning king’s mulberry) are sweet, juicy, and mouth-watering. These fruits grow on deciduous trees found in temperate regions including India, China, Japan, North Africa, Arabia, and Southern Europe. The leaves of the mulberry tree are the sole food source for silkworms and have significant value in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Owing to its diverse benefits, the tree is often referred to as Kalpavriksha, or the “wish-fulfilling tree”2,3

Nutritional Value of Mulberry

Mulberry contains a variety of valuable nutritional components. The fruits are particularly rich in organic compounds such as zeaxanthin, anthocyanins, phytonutrients, lutein, resveratrol, and a broad spectrum of other polyphenolic compounds. 

Nutritional value of mulberry (raw fruit) per 100 gram4: 

Properties of Mulberry (Shahtoot)

Several studies have found that the extracts from various parts of the mulberry plant may possess a range of properties that could support health and wellbeing, as outlined below2:  

From ​my ​experience, I can say that mulberries offer remarkable potential benefits. Due to their rich content of vitamin C and iron, mulberries may help support individuals with anaemia by contributing to improved iron absorption and overall blood health. However, their use should always be discussed with a healthcare professional9.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Mulberry for Overall Health

mulberry health benefits

Some of the potential benefits of mulberry are described as follows:  

1. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Red Blood Cells

Mulberry is rich in iron, a mineral not commonly found in high amounts in most fruits. The presence of iron may support the production of red blood cells, which in turn helps improve the delivery of oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues. This suggests that mulberries might contribute to a healthy metabolism and support the optimal functioning of various bodily systems4.  

2. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Digestion 

Mulberries may help to improve digestion as they contain high dietary fibre content. The dietary fibre obtained from a single serving of mulberries is about 1.85 mg for a 100 grams serving4. The dietary fibre in mulberries adds bulk to the stool, which helps to enhance the movement of food through the digestive tract, thereby supporting healthy digestion. This may be beneficial in managing common digestive issues such as stomach cramps, bloating, and constipation3.  

3. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Eyes 

Mulberry fruits contain carotenoids, one of which is zea-xanthin. Zea-xanthin acts as an antioxidant and may have potential benefits to maintain retinal health. Free radicals lead to degeneration of the central part of the retina called the macula and may lead to cataracts. Zea-xanthin from mulberry fruits may be able to reduce oxidative stress on the retinal cells due to these free radicals. Thus, it may indicate that mulberry may have the potential to slow down cataract formation3. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential effects of mulberries on cataract development and progression in the human eye. 

4. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Cancer 

Mulberry is rich in antioxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin C, anthocyanins, and various other polyphenolic compounds. Antioxidants play a key role in defending the body against free radicals, which are harmful by-products of cellular metabolism. These free radicals can damage healthy cells and may contribute to the mutation of normal cells into cancerous ones. Antioxidants found in mulberries may help neutralise these free radicals, potentially reducing the extent of cellular damage they cause3. Further research is necessary to determine the effects of mulberries on free radicals linked to cancer development. 

5. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Diabetes 

The extract of mulberry leaves may play a role in catalysing the metabolism of glucose. Animal studies1 have shown that mulberry leaf extract may help lower high blood glucose levels. However, human studies are needed to assess the effects of mulberries on blood glucose levels in people2

6. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Immunity 

Mulberry is a particularly rich source of vitamin C. Vitamin C contributes to the maintenance of a healthy immune system. A single cup of mulberries can provide approximately the daily recommended amount of vitamin C3. However, any claims regarding the effects of mulberries on immunity require further scientific validation, and their use should be guided by qualified healthcare professionals. 

7. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Skin and Hair 

Mulberry fruits contain significant amounts of vitamins A and E, as well as various carotenoids. These compounds act as antioxidants, which may help protect the skin, hair, and other tissues from damage caused by free radicals. Antioxidants are believed to contribute to maintaining a smooth skin appearance and may support healthy, shiny hair. However, further scientific research is needed to confirm these effects, and mulberries should be used as part of a balanced diet rather than as a treatment3. Mulberry may have a role in managing oily or acne-prone skin by potentially reducing oil secretion and inflammation2. However, further research is required to fully understand its potential benefits and safety in humans.  

8. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Heart

Mulberry leaves contain a flavonoid called resveratrol, which may help relax blood vessels by increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO), a natural vasodilator. This effect could potentially reduce the risk of blood clot formation. While these properties suggest possible cardiovascular benefits, including support for heart health, further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans2,6. However, current studies are insufficient to conclusively establish the effects of mulberries on human heart health, and further research is required to validate these potential benefits. 

9. Other Potential Uses of Mulberry

While some studies suggest potential benefits of mulberries for various conditions, the current evidence is limited. Further research is necessary to establish the full extent of their effects on human health.   

I suggest considering mulberry as part of a balanced diet to support weight management. Mulberry may assist in this regard by potentially inhibiting lipid absorption, according to some studies. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effects10.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Mulberry?

Mulberry can be used in the following ways5

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace any prescribed modern medical treatment with Ayurvedic or herbal preparations without medical advice. 

Also Read: Kiwi: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Side Effects of Mulberry

A few side effects that were observed in studies on consuming mulberry fruit are3:  

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to mulberries, immediately contact a doctor as they will be able to guide you appropriately to manage your symptoms.  

Here’s a health tip: Mulberry is a natural source of flavonoids, a type of polyphenolic compound, which act as antioxidants. These antioxidants may help protect the body from oxidative damage, potentially playing a role in managing conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis. Further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans11.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Precautions to Take with Mulberry

Consuming mulberries in moderate amounts is generally considered safe. However, it is important to follow general precautions when including mulberries in your diet. 

Also Read: Chirata: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions and More!

Interactions With Other Drugs

A clinical study8 suggested that having large amounts of black mulberry juice could interact with drugs that were reported to inhibit cytochrome enzymes; thus it may inhibit the metabolism of various drugs7. Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician and follow their prescription carefully, as they are best placed to consider your health condition and any other medications you may be taking.

Also Read: Blueberries: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the uses of mulberry for skin? 

Mulberry (Shahtoot) is rich in vitamin A, vitamin E, and carotenoids, all of which are known for their antioxidant properties. These compounds may help support healthy skin by potentially reducing the appearance of scars, age spots, and promoting a smoother, more youthful appearance. Additionally, mulberry leaf extract may be beneficial for individuals with oily or acne-prone skin; however, further studies are needed to confirm these effects in humans. 

What are the parts of the major species of the genus Morus used?  

Various parts and extracts of three major species of the genus Morus may be used, these are: 
-Root, stem, leaves, and fruit of Morus alba (white mulberry) 
-Root, leaves, and fruits of Morus nigra (black mulberry) 
-Root and fruits of Morus rubra (red mulberry).  

What is the immortal mountain wizard tea?

The immortal mountain wizard tree is a type of tea made from Mulberry leaves. After drying mulberry leaves under the sun, the leaves are brewed to make a tea. 

Are mulberries poisonous?

There is no evidence of mulberry fruit or leaf being poisonous. However, one must follow general precautions while taking any herb in large quantities.  

Can mulberry make my hair shiny?

Yes, the antioxidants present in mulberry leaf extract may help counter the effects of free radicals that contribute to oxidative damage in hair. This could support the maintenance of healthy, shiny hair. However, further research is required to confirm these potential benefits in humans. 

References

  1. Ramappa VK, Srivastava D, Singh P, Kumar U, Kumar D, Gosipatala SB, et al. Mulberries: A Promising Fruit for Phytochemicals, Nutraceuticals, and Biological Activities. International Journal of Fruit Science [Internet]. 2020 Jul 24 [cited 2025 May 22];20(sup3):S1254–79. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342804952_Mulberries_A_Promising_Fruit_for_Phytochemicals_Nutraceuticals_and_Biological_Activities#pf8  
  2. Sarkhel S, Manvi D, Ramachandra CT. Nutrition importance and health benefits of mulberry leaf extract: A review. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 2020 Aug 24;9(5):689-95. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dronachari-Manvi/publication/344085417_Nutrition_importance_and_health_benefits_of_mulberry_leaf_extract_A_review/links/5f539adda6fdcc9879ce2b3d/Nutrition-importance-and-health-benefits-of-mulberry-leaf-extract-A-review.pdf   
  3. Prasath CNH, Balasubramanian A, Radhakrishnan S. Mulberry fruit-Nutritional and health benefits. 2019 Aug 1;6(8):15-6. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cn-Prasath-2/publication/353403584_Mulberry_fruit_-Nutritional_and_health_benefits/links/60fa9eae1e95fe241a81806d/Mulberry-fruit-Nutritional-and-health-benefits.pdf  
  4. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 May 26]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169913/nutrients
  5. Zhang H, Ma Z, Luo X, Li X. Effects of Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba L.) Consumption on Health Outcomes: A Mini-Review. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2018 May 21 [cited 2025 May 22];7(5):69. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325291078_Effects_of_Mulberry_Fruit_Morus_alba_L_Consumption_on_Health_Outcomes_A_Mini-Review 
  6. NutritionValue.Org [Internet]. Mulberry, raw; [cited 2022 May 31]. Available from: https://www.nutritionvalue.org/Mulberries%2C_raw_nutritional_value.html#:~:text=Mulberries%2C%20raw%20contains%2060%20calories,mg%20of%20cholesterol%20per%20serving
  7. Hu L, Wang C, Guo X, Chen D, Zhou W, Chen X, et al. Flavonoid Levels and Antioxidant Capacity of Mulberry Leaves: Effects of Growth Period and Drying Methods. Frontiers in Plant Science [Internet]. 2021 Aug 4 [cited 2025 May 22];12. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8371438/
  8. Petric Z, Žuntar I, Putnik P, KovaÄević DB. Food–Drug Interactions with Fruit Juices. Foods. 2020 Dec 24;10(1):33. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/1/33
  9. Memete AR, Timar AV, Vuscan AN, Miere (Groza) F, Venter AC, Vicas SI. Phytochemical composition of different botanical parts of Morus species, health benefits and application in food industry. Plants (Basel). 2022 Jan 6;11(2):152. doi: 10.3390/plants11020152. PMID: 35050040; PMCID: PMC8777750. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/2/152
  10. Li R, Xue Z, Jia Y, Wang Y, Li S, Zhou J, Liu J, Zhang M, He C, Chen H. Polysaccharides from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf prevents obesity by inhibiting pancreatic lipase in high‑fat diet induced mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Oct;192:452–60. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.010. PMID: 34634334. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813021021516
  11. Manzoor MF, Hussain A, Tazeddinova D, Abylgazinova A, Xu B. [Retracted] Assessing the nutritional-value-based therapeutic potentials and non-destructive approaches for mulberry fruit assessment: an overview. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2022 Mar 24;2022:6531483. doi: 10.1155/2022/6531483. PMID: 35371246; PMCID: PMC8970939. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6531483

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Star Fruit (Kamrakh): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Star fruit is scientifically known as Averrhoa carambola. It belongs to the family Oxalidaceae. It has many different species, namely, A. dolichocarpa, A.microphylla, A.leucopetala, A.bilimbi and A. carambola. However, A. carambola is most cultivated and exported species native to southeast Asia1. Star fruits are juicy, crunchy and a mixture of slightly sweet and sour tastes. They are usually green when small and unripe and turn yellow when ripen. The name ‘star fruit’ was coined because of the longitudinally stretched ridges of oval-shaped carambola fruit that give the appearance of a star when cut cross-sectionally2,4

Star fruit contains various nutrients such as vitamins (B1, B2 and C), minerals, and bioactive compounds. It is a good source of fibre and contains cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Star fruit may help with various diseases related to the brain, heart and stomach1,3

Star fruit contains various nutrients such as vitamins (B1, B2 and C), minerals, and bioactive compounds. It is a good source of fibre and contains cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Star fruit helps manage various diseases related to the brain, heart and stomach1,3.

Nutritional Value of Star Fruit

Star fruit has a very high amount of nutrients. 

Properties of Star Fruit

The potential properties of star fruit are given as follows: 

The scientific name of ‘Star fruit’ is Averrhoa carambola. The word carambola is a derivation of the Sanskrit word karmaranga which means “food appetizer”. Also, in Malayalam, it is known as a carambola.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Star Fruit

The potential of star fruit for various health-related issues might be described as follows. 

1. Potential uses of star fruit for Diabetes

diabetes

Star fruit contains insoluble fibre that may help decrease the absorption of carbohydrates in the body. The crude extract of star fruit might also significantly lower blood glucose levels and triglycerides levels and increases insulin levels in the blood. These findings indicate that it may help in the potential management for diabetes3.

2. Potential uses of star fruit as an Antioxidant  

star fruit

The leaves of star fruit are rich in vitamin C and bioactive compounds like phenols and flavonoids, which are abundant sources of natural anti-oxidants3. These anti-oxidants might help in scavenging free radicles such as peroxides and hyperoxides and may remove inflammation-causing toxins from the body1.

3. Potential uses of star fruit for Lowering Cholesterol

Cholesterol normal range

A study found that star fruit decreases lipid levels, significantly lowers cholesterol levels by reducing body mass index, atherogenic index (reflects the value of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein) and liver cholesterol in animal models, preventing the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It may help with cholesterol levels owing to its high fibre and low-fat content2,3.

4. Potential uses of star fruit for Inflammation

reduces inflammation

Star fruit is a rich source of vitamin C and minerals that may help reduce swelling of joints, dermatitis (skin inflammation) and psoriasis (rash and formation of dry patches on the skin)5. Due to its potential anti-inflammatory properties, star fruit may also help with sore throat and cough and has been used in ancient times1.

5. Potential uses of star fruit for the Heart

heart

Star fruit (Kamrakh) has a good amount of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium that may help to regulate blood pressure and might help with heartbeat and blood flow. Calcium present in star fruit may also help with the tension in arteries and might lower the risk of developing heart diseases such as heart attack and stroke3.

6. Potential uses of star fruit for Ulcers

Peptic Ulcer

The extract from the leaves of star fruit might help with stomach discomfort and the formation of ulcers. It also contains bioactive compounds and mucilage that may provide a lining to digestive mucosa, helping with the damage caused by gastritis1.

7. Potential uses of star fruit in Infections

skin infections

The leaf, fruit and bark of star fruit have been found to have a potential to inhibit the growth of various bacteria and fungi, exhibiting anti-microbial activity. The leaf extracts of star fruit might have a potential to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as S. aureus, Klebsiella spp., E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. cereus1,3.

8. Potential uses of star fruit as an Immunity Booster

immunity

Star fruit contains vitamin C, which might not only help in scavenging free radicals, but also may produce a high level of white blood cells and might help build a strong immune system3.

9. Potential uses of star fruit in Cancer 

cancer

Consumption of star fruit might be beneficial in lowering the risk of developing cancer. Polyphenols like proanthocyanin, gallic acid and vitamin C are present in star fruit and may act as strong antioxidants. These antioxidants may scavenge peroxides and hyperoxides, assist the immune system and help with the toxins of the body, which may potentially be helpful for cancer. Star fruit extract might have a potential effect against tumour cells and might decrease tumour yield and tumour burden and increase healthy cell viability, survival time and levels of haemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC)1,3.

Though there are studies that show the benefits of star fruit in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of star fruit on human health.  

In India, people mix the roots of star fruits with sugar to make an antidote for poisoning. Moreover, ripe star fruit may help in reducing bleeding in patients with haemorrhages. Dried star fruit might help bring down fevers.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Star Fruit?

Starfruit can be used in the following ways:  

You should always consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming star fruit in large quantities or for therapeutic benefits. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition. 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Did you know starfruit has a use in production of alcohol? It can be fermented and used as raw material to make alcohol. It can be done with the help of yeast like Saccharomyces cerevisiae by producing ethanol and carbon dioxide8.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Side Effects of Star Fruit (Kamrakh)

Star fruit contains essential bioactive components oxalic acid and caramboxin, which are harmful to patients suffering from kidney diseases. Excessive consumption of star fruit can result in vomiting, hiccups (involuntary contractions of the diaphragm), mental confusion and death. It is recommended that individuals with kidney stones, kidney failure or undergoing management of dialysis should not consume star fruit. Excess consumption of star fruit could result in neurotoxicity leading to fits3,6

Also Read: Karela Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Star Fruit

Star fruit is generally considered to be safe if it is taken in the moderate amounts. However, general precautions have to be followed while consuming star fruit. Excessive intake of star fruit might cause acute kidney damage, especially if taken on an empty stomach or in dehydration. Therefore, it is not advised for elderly patients or individuals on an empty stomach to have star fruit3. If any health-related issue appears, consult your Ayurvedic physician. 

Depending on how ripe they are, starfruits have different flavours. Unripe fruit tends to be firmer and tarter, making it suited for savoury meals. It is best for desserts and other sweet meals as it ripens since it gets sweeter and juicier9.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Water Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, And More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Consumption of star fruit in any form with medications undergoing cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism may lead to an increase in their effective dosage within the body7. Since star fruits have several documented nutritional and therapeutic advantages, but they are harmful to people with kidney issues due to the presence of bioactive compounds in the fruit. Individuals undergoing kidney treatment should avoid the consumption of star fruit1,3,5. Kindly, consult a qualified doctor and ask them if it is safe for you to eat star fruit. Please do not self-medicate or discontinue any ongoing treatment. Your doctor is the only one authorised to make changes to your treatment if and when necessary. The choice of treatment or adjustments to it are at the discretion of your doctor basis your consultation with them.  

Also Read: Mangosteen: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is star fruit safe during pregnancy?  

Owing to its high nutritional value1 and its ability to increase haemoglobin level3. it may help with the growth and development of the baby. However, due to the lack of sufficient safety data and the property of star fruit causing nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity3,6. it is advised to consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming it during pregnancy. 

What are the health benefits of star fruit?  

Star fruit contains many nutritional components that might help with your health. It might help to regulate blood pressure and blood glucose level, may improve metabolism and digestion, might enhance immunity and might help with inflammation1,6. However, there is a need for more studies to be sure and regard its use for health related issues. 

Is star fruit good for diabetes? 

Yes. A few studies have shown that star fruit contains a high amount of insoluble fibres, which allow slow absorption of carbohydrates. This might help with blood glucose levels in persons with diabetes1. However, there is insufficient data. Therefore, there is a need for more studies on this subject. 

How to use star fruit?

Star fruit can be eaten as a whole fruit, ripe or unripe. The unripe fruit is eaten as a snack with rock salt, while the ripe fruit can consume as jams, jellies and juices. The extract of the leaf of star fruit might be prescribed by your Ayurvedic physician as an anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agent1. However, more studies are required for its use. 

Can star fruit be consumed by patients suffering from kidney diseases? 

No. Individuals suffering from kidney diseases are not advised to consume star fruits. Eating star fruit in such conditions can lead to acute kidney damage, seizures and even death3. Kindly consult your physician for using star fruit. Do not self-medicate or discontinue an ongoing treatment on your own. 

Are there any side effects of star fruit?  

Star fruit is usually safe to consume unless the person is suffering from kidney diseases or on medication metabolised by cytochrome P4503,7. However, there is a need for more studies on this subject as the available data is insufficient. Therefore, you should consult a doctor before using star fruit.

References

  1. Muthu N, Lee SY, Phua KK, Bhore SJ. Nutritional, Medicinal and Toxicological Attributes of Star-Fruits (Averrhoa carambola L.): A Review. Bioinformation. 2016 Dec 22;12(12):420-4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5357571/ 
  2. Cabrini DA, Moresco HH, Imazu P, da Silva CD, Pietrovski EF, Mendes DAGB, et al. Analysis of the Potential Topical Anti-inflammatory Activity of Averrhoa carambola L. in Mice. Evid-based Complement Altern Med. 2011 May 2;2011. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/908059/ 
  3. Luan F, Peng L, Lei Z, Jia X, Zou J, Yang Y, et al. Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Averrhoa carambola L.: A Review. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Aug 12:699899. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34475822/
  4. Aye TK, Khaing MM, Zaw TE. A Study on Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation and Nutritional Values of Averrhoa carambola L. Myanmar Korea Conf Res J. 2019 Aug 1; Yangon, Myanmar. Available from: https://www.dagonuniversity.edu.mm/a-study-on-preliminary-phytochemical-investigation-and-nutritional-values-of-averrhoa-carambola-l/ 
  5. Moresco HH, Queiroz GS, Pizzolatti MG, Brighente IMC. Chemical constituents and evaluation of the toxic and antioxidant activities of Averrhoa carambola leaves. Rev Bras Farmacog. 2012 Apr 1;22(2):319-24. Available from: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-624664 
  6. Lakmal K, Yasawardene P, Jayarajah U, Seneviratne SL. Nutritional and medicinal properties of Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola): A review. Food Sci Nutr. 2021 Jan 23;9(3):1810-23. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33747490/ 
  7. Lindstrom TD. Abstracts: Metabolism and metabolic enzymes studies for the 8th National Congress on Drug and Xenobiotic Metabolism in China. Asia J Pharmacodyn Pharmacokin. 2006 July 31;6(3):248-61. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_013.pdf
  8. Valim FP, Aguiar-Oliveira E, Kamimura ES, Alves VD, Maldonado RR. Production of Star Fruit Alcoholic Fermented Beverage. Indian J Microbiol. 2016 Dec;56(4):476-481. doi: 10.1007/s12088-016-0601-9. Epub 2016 May 28. PMID: 27784945; PMCID: PMC5061694. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5061694/
  9. Morton JF. Carambola (Averrhoa carambola). In: Fruits of Warm Climates. New CROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University; 1987. Available from: https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/carambola.html

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Bottle Gourd (Lauki): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Lagenaria siceraria, known as bottle gourd in English and Lauki in Hindi, is a common vegetable in India. Bottle gourd has been used traditionally to help with many health conditions like fever, cough, pain, and asthma. It has been used since ancient times for its benefits. It is also considered a good source of vitamin B, C, and other nutrients. It is known for its shape, a bottle, a dumbbell, or an oval shape.  

You may find bottle gourd boring to eat, but it is considered one of the earliest plants to be cultivated on Earth. It may also be packed with many health-promoting benefits. If you want to learn more about the bottle gourd or lauki, continue reading.  

Nutritional Value of Bottle Gourd

Nutritional value of bottle gourd per 10 grams of serving1:

Properties of Bottle Gourd (Lauki)

Bottle gourd might have the following properties:  

Potential Uses of Bottle Gourd for Overall Health

1. Potential Uses of Bottle Gourd for Liver

Bottle gourd might have properties that may be good for the liver, as per several animal studies. Bottle gourd may offer many potential benefits, helpful in liver condition and functions. These possible benefits have been observed in animal trials3. You must still contact your doctor before using a bottle gourd for any liver ailment.  

2. Potential Uses of Bottle Gourd for the Brain

Consuming bottle gourd may show beneficial effects on the memory. Certain compounds in bottle gourd may show pain-relieving and central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity by acting on the brain. CNS depressant activity might indicate its possible effects on calming the mind3. Before using a bottle gourd for its benefits for the brain, you should contact your doctor and get a proper diagnosis and treatment.  

3. Potential Uses of Bottle Gourd for Cancer

Bottle gourd (Lauki) extract might act against the cancerous cells, as per an animal study4. In addition, its stem extract may show potent cytotoxic (toxic to cells in the body) activity against cancer cell lines as per a laboratory study5. This anticancer activity of bottle gourd may be attributed to its potential antioxidant and cytotoxic abilities. These potential benefits of bottle gourd have been studied in laboratory studies. However, you must consult your doctor before using any herbal supplement or remedy to replace or discontinue ongoing treatment.  

4. Potential Uses of Bottle Gourd for Diabetes

Bottle Gourd has been traditionally used to help with diabetes. Because of the low fat and high fibre content, bottle gourd may be recommended as the food of choice for people having diabetes. Bottle gourd extract could effectively reduce the blood glucose levels in diabetic animals, as indicated by an animal trial. The potential anti-diabetic benefits of bottle gourd have been observed in animal trials6, and more studies are needed to validate these properties in humans.  

5. Potential Uses of Bottle Gourd for Obesity

Bottle gourd might be a good option for losing weight as it is low in calories and contains mostly water7. It is also rich in dietary fibre and contains low fat and cholesterol. These properties may help with weight management. You can add bottle gourd to your regular diet to help you manage weight. However, before using any herbal remedy for weight loss, you need to consult your doctor about its potential uses and side effects.  

6. Potential Uses of Bottle Gourd for Skin

Bottle gourd is a good source of vitamin C and zinc that may offer several skin benefits. Vitamin C is an essential vitamin for overall skin health. It may protect the skin from the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation8. It may also help to prevent signs of skin ageing, such as skin sagging. It may also help strengthen the skin barrier by enhancing the production of skin barrier lipids9.. If you are suffering from any skin ailments, contact a skincare doctor or dermatologist, as they will be able to guide you about the uses and limitations of herbs and vegetables.  

Though there are studies that show the benefits of bottle gourds in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of bottle gourds on human health.  

How to Use Bottle Gourd?

All plant parts, including fruits, leaves, stems, bark, fruit rind, seeds, and oil, also might be used in traditional medicine.  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Bottle Gourd

Drinking bottle gourd juice that tastes bitter may cause severe poisoning reactions. The symptoms of bottle gourd juice poisoning may involve vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, hematochezia (blood in stools), haematemesis (vomiting blood), shock, and even death6. You must always consult your doctor immediately if you observe any of these symptoms. 

Also Read: Alum: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Precautions to Take with Bottle Gourd

Some of the precautions to take with bottle gourd are:  

Before using a bottle gourd for its medicinal benefits, reach out to your healthcare provider.  

Also Read: Jaggery: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Interactions with Other Medicines

There is a lack of sufficient data to prove the safety or interactions of bottle gourd with other medications. Therefore, if you are taking any medicines, you must consult your doctor regarding potential interactions with foods and vegetables. They will be able to guide you better regarding the precautions and interactions of a specific medicine.

Also Read: Lychee: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are lauki juice benefits for the skin? 

Bottle gourd or lauki contains plenty of vitamin C. Vitamin C may be beneficial for skin health. Vitamin C might be valuable for protecting the skin from ultraviolet-induced damage. Bottle gourd juice may be used as a source of vitamin C.

What are the benefits of lauki juice for weight loss?

Bottle gourd has low-calorie content, and it contains mostly water. Bottle gourd is also rich in dietary fibre. The nutritional value of bottled gourd juice may make it a good choice for people who want to eat healthily and manage weight. However, there is a lack of data supporting its usage and beneficial effects on humans. You may meet a doctor or dietician to gain more insight into weight management methods.

What are the health benefits of bottle gourd juice?  

Bottle gourd may show good nutritional value and contain plenty of vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates. Bottle gourd juice might be consumed for its nutritional benefits. It may also help keep the liver healthy and may also help with disease conditions and skin health.

 

References

  1. Kumar A, Partap S, Sharma NK, Jha KK. Phytochemical; Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Profile of Lagenaria siceraria: – A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry [Internet]. 2012;1(3):24–31. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268434576_Phytochemical_Ethnobotanical_and_Pharmacological_Profile_of_Lagenaria_siceraria_-A_Review
  2. Shah BN, Seth AK. Pharmacognostic studies of the Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley. ResearchGate. 2010 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268428727_Pharmacognostic_studies_of_the_Lagenaria_siceraria_MOLINA_standley
  3. View of an overview on Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd). Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research. [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://jbpr.in/index.php/jbpr/article/view/190/182 
  4. Figure 1. Crude extracts from bottle gourd showed anticancer activity…. ResearchGate. [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Crude-extracts-from-bottle-gourd-showed-anticancer-activity-Twenty-one-crude-extracts_fig1_371000013 
  5. Saeed M, Khan MS, Amir K, Bi JB, Asif M, Madni A, et al. Lagenaria siceraria fruit: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022 Sep 16;9 [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9523573/ 
  6. Saeed SMG, Ali SA, Ali R, Sayeed SA, Mobin L. Exploring the potential of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) flour as a fat mimetic in biscuits with improved physicochemical and nutritional characteristics and anti-diabetic properties. Italian Journal of Food Science. 2022 Apr 28;34(2):50–66 [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360340744_Exploring_the_potential_of_bottle_gourd_Lagenaria_siceraria_flour_as_a_fat_mimetic_in_biscuits_with_improved_physicochemical_and_nutritional_characteristics_and_anti-diabetic_properties 
  7. Parle M, Satbir K. Is bottle gourd a natural guard? ResearchGate. 2011 Jun 1 [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285778085_Is_bottle_gourd_a_natural_guard 
  8. Mshs NNM. Why is topical vitamin C important for skin health? Harvard Health. 2021 [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/why-is-topical-vitamin-c-important-for-skin-health-202111102635 
  9. Origin, distribution, taxonomy, botanical description, genetic diversity, and breeding of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.). International Journal of Current Research. [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.journalcra.com/article/origin-distribution-taxonomy-botanical-description-genetic-diversity-and-breeding-bottle 

 Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Peaches (Aadoo): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Peaches, also known as Prunus persica, belong to the family Rosaceae. Peaches are classified as stone fruits or dupes, along with cherries, apricots and plums. They have a whitish or yellow flesh that is encased around a single, hard and large seed. Their outer skin is velvety and bruises easily1.  

Peach is originally from China and is now being cultivated all over the world. It was first introduced to Persia and the Mediterranean through the Silk Road, a popular trade route in the olden days. Peaches had gained popularity from Persia and were believed to be their own for a long time, thus explaining the origin of the scientific name. It is now being cultivated in various states of the United States Of America, Canada, China, Japan, Iran, Turkey and the Mediterranean region. In the United States, Georgia is known as the Peach State1.

Peach fruits may benefit our health as they contain numerous vitamins and minerals. The following sections contain a detailed explanation of how peaches may benefit our health.  

Nutritional Value of Peaches

The percentage content of peaches per 100 g is as follows: 

A single peach can provide you with 6% of your daily vitamin A needs and 15% of your daily vitamin C needs, along with a host of other beneficial nutrients such as vitamins E and K, niacin, folate, iron, potassium, and more. Embrace the health benefits of this delicious fruit to support your overall well-being5.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Properties of Peaches

The health benefits of peaches may be due to the following properties: 

Enjoy the guilt-free delight of a peach, which contains only 50 calories. A medium-sized peach is a low-calorie fruit makes that for a smart choice when it comes to eating a healthy diet. Indulge in the natural sweetness of peaches while keeping your calorie intake in check5.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Peaches for Overall Health

In general, fruits are good for health. As mentioned above, peaches may have a lot of properties that may make them good for health. This is mainly due to peaches being rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. In the following section, let’s look at peaches’ potential health benefits in detail.  

1. Potential Uses of Peaches for the Heart

heart

The peach fruit is a natural source of potassium, which may be important for maintaining heart functions. In addition, animal studies have shown that peaches may help lower elevated blood pressures, which may help reduce the risk of heart problems. Furthermore, it was also seen that peaches might benefit the heart by lowering cholesterol levels in the blood, which is one of the advantages of peaches for the heart. Overall, peaches may help in maintaining heart health. However, there is a need for more studies in humans to prove its efficiency in humans4.

2. Potential Uses of Peaches for Skin

skin

 As seen in laboratory studies, peaches may protect our skin from the damage caused by the harmful rays of the sun, especially ultraviolet rays (UV-B). Even though there is a need for more research in this area to regard it as concrete scientific evidence, you might be able to reap its benefits by eating it. Some people may use it to get smooth skin too4.

3. Potential Uses of Peaches for the Immune System

immunity

Several studies have shown that peaches might be good for building our immunity. It is because peaches are rich in antioxidants, polyphenols and Vitamin C, which are bioactive compounds. These compounds may perform various functions like protecting cells from damage and slowing aging. Moreover, a study showed that eating peaches regularly might decrease the chances of breast cancer. In addition, there is a chance that eating peaches might decrease the severity of allergic response. However, there is a need for more research in this field to state it as a fact. Nonetheless, it is hypothesized that these actions might be due to the potential benefits of peaches for strengthening the immune system4.

4. Potential Uses of Peaches for Eyes

eye

Peaches may be beneficial for eye health as they contain beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is a pigment that is present in many fruits. It transforms into Vitamin A, which may help in the maintenance of eye health. However, there is inadequate research to state it as a fact. Therefore, there is a need for more research to prove the potential uses of peaches for the eyes4.

5. Potential Uses of Peaches for the Digestive System

digestive system

Peaches are rich in fibre which may be beneficial for digestion. It contains both soluble and insoluble fibre. Insoluble fibre might help with digestion and stool formation, while soluble fibre may play a role in maintaining stable sugar and cholesterol levels in the blood. In some studies, it was seen that tea made from peach flowers might also help digestion. However, more research is needed in this field4.

6. Potential Uses of Peaches for Inflammation

reduces inflammation

Inflammation may be caused due to various triggers in the body, which can lead to many diseases. Inflammation is due to the activation of our immune system, which is mostly an advantage for us, but when it becomes excessive, it may pose a threat by inviting many diseases. Peaches contain bioactive components that may alleviate inflammation and reduce the risk of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease4.

Though there are studies that show the benefits of peaches in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of peaches on human health.   

Enhance your diet with the nutrient-rich peaches, as they provide essential minerals like potassium, fluoride, and iron. Fluoride contributes to strong teeth and bones, much need for decreasing the occurrence of dental cavities and bone fractures5.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

How to Use Peaches (Aadoo)?

Peaches may be used in various ways: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Peaches

Peaches are fruits and may not show any side effects when taken in moderate quantities. There is not enough documented data to indicate the side effects of peaches. However, some people might be allergic to it. So if you have a known allergy, it is better to avoid it. If you suspect that you might be allergic to peaches, talk to your doctor and get it confirmed. 

Also Read: Plums: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Peaches

In the following cases, it is better to be cautious while taking peaches: 

In the above cases, it is advised that you discuss with your doctor the safety of peaches for you specifically. 

Also Read: Kiwi: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is insufficient documented data to show the interactions of peaches with other drugs. However, there is a chance that they may react with a few drugs. So, suppose you’re on any medication, discuss with your doctor if eating peaches will interfere with the medicines you are taking.        

Also Read: Mangosteen: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How do peaches benefit us?  

Peaches (Aadoo) may be valuable for us as they have a lot of bioactive compounds. They are rich in antioxidants. They are good for the heart, skin, immune system, etc4

Does eating peach benefit our skin?  

Studies have shown that eating peaches might benefit our skin by protecting it from damage by ultraviolet sun rays4. It may also be used at home for getting smooth skin by mashing it along with other fruits like papaya and mixing it with honey or yoghurt.  

What are the benefits of eating peaches for the eyes?  

Peaches may be beneficial for our eyes as they contain beta-carotene. Beta-carotene transforms into Vitamin A, which may be essential for the maintenance of healthy eyes4.

Are peaches good for growing healthy nails?  

There is no scientific evidence that peaches may be good for growing healthy nails. Therefore, there is a need for more research in this area. 

Does eating peaches benefit diabetes?  

Peaches may possess anti-diabetic properties. They also contain soluble fibre, which may help in stabilising blood sugar levels. Therefore, eating peaches might be beneficial for diabetes3,4.

Are peaches good for hair?  

There is no report or study stating the value of peaches for hair. Thus, more study is required in this area to gain more knowledge about the potential benefits of peaches for hair. 

Is peach good for weight loss?  

There is no evidence in the form of studies stating that peaches are good for weight loss. Due to the lack of evidence, it cannot be said whether peaches are good for weight loss or not. There is a need for more research in this area. 

Does peach fruit benefit our digestion?  

The peach fruit is rich in fibre, which may help in digestion and stool formation. A few studies have also shown that peach flower tea might help digestion, but this requires more research to prove its effectiveness4.

References

  1. Peach [Internet]. New World Encyclopedia. [cited 2022 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Peach
  2. Peaches, yellow, raw [Internet]. FoodData Central. [cited 2022 Jun 14]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170096/nutrients 
  3. Kant R. A Review on Peach (Prunus persica): An Asset of Medicinal Phytochemicals. Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol [Internet]. 2018 Jan 31;6(1):2186–200. Available from: http://ijraset.com/fileserve.php?FID=13153 
  4. All the Health Benefits of Eating Peaches [Internet]. Cleaveland clinic. 2021 [cited 2022 Jun 14]. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/benefits-of-peaches/  
  5. Ensle K. Health Benefits of Peaches: A Delicious Summer Fruit. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers Cooperative Extension; June 2015. Available from: https://njaes.rutgers.edu/sshw/message/message.php?p=Health&m=301

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Raw Papaya: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Raw papaya is often overlooked, but it is completely loaded with health benefits. Rich in nutrients and available year-round, it’s considered a powerhouse of nutrition and is widely recognized for its value. 

The raw papaya plant itself is regarded as a valuable nutraceutical fruit. Its botanical name is Carica papaya Linn, and it belongs to the Caricaceae family. Originally native to southern Mexico and Costa Rica, the papaya plant has since spread to tropical and subtropical regions, including India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Hawaii, the Philippines, and South Africa1. Known by many names such as papita, papaia, pawpaw, papayabaum, and arabd-kharpuja, papaya has a global presence.

Read on to learn more about this multipurpose commercial fruit crop. 

Nutritional Value of Raw Papaya

Papaya is a commoner’s fruit due to its low cost and high nutritional value. Papaya contains a vast array of phytochemicals, including proteins, fats and oils, enzymes, polysaccharides, flavonoids, vitamins and minerals. Papaya is pretty low in calories and has a high amount of vitamin C1

The nutritional value of raw papaya per 100 grams is as follows: 

Properties of Raw Papaya

Papaya contains various biologically active plant chemicals that might be used for different purposes.1 Papaya might have the following properties: 

Potential Uses of Raw Papaya

The whole plant of papaya might have beneficial value. It has various phytochemicals like enzymes, vitamins and minerals. Some of its potential uses are given below.2 

1. Potential Uses of Raw Papaya for Digestive System

Eating raw papaya might benefit the food digestion process. Unripe papaya might contain a good amount of digestive enzyme, which might be an excellent aid to digestion. It may help in the smooth digestion of protein present in the food. People who cannot digest wheat gluten may tolerate it if it is mixed with the white latex of raw papaya. It has the crude papain enzyme, which might help solubilise gluten protein5, 6. Hence, it may be used by people who have trouble with the digestion of protein-containing food items. 

2. Potential Uses of Raw Papaya for Wounds

Papaya fruits might be used in topical ulcer dressing, which might help wound healing. It may be used in the burn dressings of children. It may also reduce the odour associated with long-term skin ulcers7. The papaya fruit pulp may be mashed and applied to the infected burn wounds8, which may help deal with infection development. The potential mechanism could be the enzymatic action of papain as well as the antimicrobial activity of papaya fruit.

3. Potential Uses of Raw Papaya for Skin

Raw papaya may be valuable for restoring and rebuilding damaged skin. The peel of papaya contains vitamin A and might be used as a skin-lightening agent. If you apply a mixture of papaya peel with little honey to your skin, it may act as a moisturiser and make your skin look smoother9. The rubbing action of the white papaya pulp might help improve pimples and wrinkles on the facial skin due to its good bleaching activity. It may also remove the dead skin cells allowing the lightening of skin colour9

In my opinion, papaya is a skin miracle-worker! Its β-carotene and lycopene content can’t replace sunscreen, but they might help protect against sunburn and boost the skin’s defence mechanism against UV damage. Enjoy papaya for a healthy and happy skin glow!

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

4. Potential Uses of Raw Papaya for Cancer

Eating raw papaya might help to reduce the risk of the formation of colon cancer and prostate cancer in men10. The fruits of papaya contain dietary fibre, which may bind to the toxins present in the colon that may cause cancer-related to the colon. Raw papaya might help sweep these toxins from the body, keeping a healthy environment inside the colon. These nutrients might also protect colon cells from the damages caused by the free radicals.  

5. Other Potential Uses of Raw Papaya 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of raw papaya in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of raw papaya on human health.

I would recommend giving fermented papaya a try and enjoying its tasty superpowers! Fermented papaya is a fantastic fruit. Studies2 have shown that it might help pre-diabetics by boosting their antioxidants and protecting their red blood cells from harmful stress.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Raw Papaya?

Papaya is a healthy and delicious fruit. It may be used in various ways. 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

I would suggest trying fermented papaya if you’re looking for a tasty and fun way to protect yourself against age-related and neurological diseases. One research4 shows that Alzheimer’s is linked to oxidative stress, but guess what? Fermented papaya may comes to the rescue! It might help counteract those free radicals that love to wreak havoc in our bodies.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Papaya Leaves and Seeds to Treat Fever and Other Ailments

Side Effects of Raw Papaya

The side effects of raw papaya may be related to women’s health.  

Ayurvedic herbs may have specific side effects and may react differently in every people. Ensure that you consult an Ayurvedic physician before using it for proper guidance.  

Precautions to Take with Raw Papaya

Eating raw papaya may be considered safe. However, general precautions need to be followed. 

We recommend you consult your Ayurvedic physician before having papaya for medicinal purposes. They will be the correct person to guide you about the safe dosage form. 

Also Read: Benefits of Pineapple for Health, Skin and Hair

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is not enough information available on the interaction of raw papaya with other drugs. However, this does not mean that there are no interactions at all.  

Therefore, it is always better to follow the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor. They will prescribe you the best way to have it.  

Also Read: Mulberry (Shahtoot): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of raw papaya for weight loss? 

Raw papaya has a low-calorie content, which may make it a suitable fruit for obese people who can include it in their regular diet13. Thus, it may help to manage weight.You must consult your nutritionist for best advice on weight loss. 

Which are the main vitamins of papaya?  

The three main powerful antioxidant vitamins present in papaya are vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E.

Is papaya good for controlling cholesterol?

Papaya might be a good source of dietary fibre, which may help to lower the high cholesterol levels in the body13. However, people should seek the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor before using it to manage the cholesterol in the body.

What are the different synonyms of papaya? 

Papaya has different names, such as Erandakarkati in Sanskrit, Omakai in Malayalam, Pharangi in Kannada, and Pappali in Tamil. The international names include Tree Mellon, Mamao, and pawpaw.

Other than raw papaya fruit, what different parts of the plant can be used? 

Other components, including seeds, leaves, roots, flowers, and stem bark, may also be utilized since they have potential applications for managing a variety of human ailments. 
However, before utilizing any of the plant’s sections as a herb, we advise that you first consult your doctor.

References

  1. Krishna K, Paridhavi M, Patel Jagruti. Review on nutritional, medicinal and pharmacological properties of Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.). Nat Prod Radi. 2008 Apr;7(4):364–73. Available from: http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/5695/1/NPR%207%284%29%20364-373.pdf 
  2. Leitão M, Ribeiro T, García PA, Barreiros L, Correia P. Benefits of fermented papaya in human health. Foods. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8870802/  
  3. Srivastava R, Jaiswal N, Kharkwal H, Dubey NK, Srivastava R. Phytomedical properties of Carica papaya for boosting human immunity against viral infections. Viruses. 2025 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11861161/ 
  4. Barbagallo M, Marotta F, Dominguez LJ. Oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: effect of extracts of fermented papaya powder. Mediators of Inflammation. 2015 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25944987/ 
  5. Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Morellon-Sterling R, Tavano O, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Vela-Gutiérrez G, et al. Bioactive peptides from fisheries residues: a review of use of papain in proteolysis reactions. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813021012824 
  6. Kong YR, Jong YX, Balakrishnan M, Bok ZK, Weng JKK, Tay KC, et al. Beneficial role of Carica papaya extracts and phytochemicals on oxidative stress and related diseases: a mini review. Biology. 2021 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8066973/ 
  7. Topical use of papaya in chronic skin ulcer therapy in Jamaica. PubMed. 2000 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10786448/ 
  8. Starley IF, Mohammed P, Schneider G, Bickler SW. The treatment of paediatric burns using topical papaya. Burns. 1999 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030541799900056X 
  9. Traditional and medicinal uses of Carica papaya. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 2013 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.plantsjournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_jan_2013/2.pdf 
  10. Patel S, Rana K, Arya P, Nelson J, Hernandez V, Minakova V. Anticancer activity of phytochemicals of the papaya plant assessed: a narrative review. Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11467756/ 
  11. Koul B, Pudhuvai B, Sharma C, Kumar A, Sharma V, Yadav D, et al. Carica papaya L.: a tropical fruit with benefits beyond the tropics. Diversity. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/8/683 
  12. Adebiyi A, P NGA, Prasad RNV. Papaya (Carica papaya) consumption is unsafe in pregnancy: fact or fable? Scientific evaluation of a common belief in some parts of Asia using a rat model. British Journal of Nutrition. 2002 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12144723/ 
  13. Matsuane C, Kiage BN, Karanja J, Kavoo AM, Rimberia FK. Hypolipidaemic effects of papaya (Carica papaya L.) juice on rats fed on a high fat and fructose diet. Journal of Nutritional Science. 2023 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10345780/ 
  14. Adetayo A, Adetayo M, Shokunbi O, Oyelese A. In-vitro antisickling and sickling-reversal activities of Carica papaya fruit at different stages of ripening. Babcock University Medical Journal. 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 16]. Available from: https://bumj.babcock.edu.ng/index.php/bumj/article/view/38 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Water Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, And More!

Introduction

Water apple is a small, bell-shaped juicy fruit. It is glossy and pink to red in appearance with a sweet, low acidic taste and has white flesh with a rose-scented aroma. The luscious water apple is scientifically known as Syzygium aqueum and belongs to the botanical family Myrtaceae. The water apple plant is native to Indonesia and Malaysia and grows in all tropical regions of Africa and Southern Asia, including India and Thailand1,2

Water apples are considered fruit crops. They were used in traditional and folk medicine systems due to their vast amount of essential nutrients. The common names of water apples are rose apple, Malabar plum, and plum rose1,2

So, readers come along with us to know more about this deliciously juicy fruit.  

Nutritional Value of Water Apple

The water apple contains essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, fibre, carbohydrates and proteins. The water apple is a low caloric fruit due to its low fat and calorie content and high water content, which is approximately 90%1. The nutritional value of water apple is as follows: 

Properties of Water Apple

The water apple contains various bioactive compounds that may show multiple biological properties that may benefit human health1. Water apples might have the following properties: 

In my view, eating water apples may have some incredible benefits for your skin. They are loaded with antioxidants that might help fight off those unwanted signs of ageing, like wrinkles. So, next time you’re craving a snack, reach for a water apple and give your taste buds along with your skin a little extra love4.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Water Apple for Overall Health

The water apple plant may have various medicinal properties. Traditionally various parts of the plant, including water apple fruit, were used for potential value4

Some of the potential uses of water apple are described as follows: 

1. Potential Uses of Water Apple for Constipation

constipation

Water apple may have beneficial properties associated with constipation. The water apple contains a good amount of dietary fibre, which may support the digestive system. It may help in the waste materials movement. These properties of water apple may be helpful to those who are facing irregular stools or constipation issues. This might help in the overall support to maintain a healthy weight4. There is a need for further research to say that the water apples might benefit constipation.  

2. Potential Uses of Water Apple for the Heart

heart

Water apple may be valuable against heart diseases due to its antioxidant activity. The bioactive antioxidant such as vitamin C present in the fruit may fight the free oxygen radicals. These free oxygen species are formed in the body during the food breaking down processes or when the body is exposed to certain radiations or while smoking. Vitamin C may help in reducing oxidative damage and thus may enhance the smooth functioning of the heart. It might also lower the chances of stroke and inflammation4

The studies are insufficient, and further studies are required to support the potential use of water apple to overcome a stroke in humans. 

3. Potential Uses of Water Apple for Diabetes

regulates blood sugar

The potential anti-diabetic properties of water apple may be valuable for patients who have diabetes. A review4 of scientific literature by Sridevi R et al.have stated that using water apple might lower blood glucose levels by enhancing the activities of specific carbohydrate metabolising enzymes. Other than the fruit of this plant, the studies have shown the positive effects of the leaf extract in lowering blood glucose levels due to the presence of specific bioactive compounds. 

There is a need for more studies to establish the potential positive effect of water apple on diabetes.  

4. Potential Uses of Water Apple for Sunstroke

sunstroke

Water apples are composed of 90% of water. During the hot and the humid summers, water apple is an excellent choice of fruit which might help fulfil the feeling of thirst. It may also be effective in dealing with sunstroke. It might help remove the bad effect of dehydration by providing its usefulness in driving off the summer heat2

More research is needed to develop the effect of water apple on human health. People should always consult a doctor before taking any herbal supplements. We advise you to not replace or discontinue any ongoing medications with any Ayurvedic preparation without consulting a doctor. 

5. Other Potential Uses of Water Apple

liver health

Though there are studies that show the benefits of water apples in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of water apples on human health.   

In the light of what I’ve observed, water apples might help protect against various health conditions. This property may be attributed to it being loaded with polyphenols. These incredible compounds are found in abundance throughout the different parts of the plant and may offer numerous nutritional advantages. But that’s not all—polyphenols might also play a vital role in managing chronic diseases5.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Water Apple?

Water apple is a colourful luscious fruit with a delicious sweet taste and rose-like aroma1. The uses of water apple are given as follows: 

You should consult a professional doctor before taking herbal supplements. Do not replace or discontinue your ongoing medications with Ayurvedic or herbal preparations without consulting a qualified physician.

Also Read: Ice Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More! 

Side Effects of Water Apple

No major study reports the side effects of water apples. Hence, more studies are required to confirm the side effects of water apple on human health. 

However, if any harmful effects or discomfort are observed after having water apples, please get in touch with your Ayurvedic physician, who advised you to have the herb. They will provide the appropriate treatment to overcome the side effects. 

Also Read: Jackfruit Seed: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Precautions to Take with Water Apple

Water apples might be safe when taken in a moderate dose. However, general precautions have to be followed.  

Also Read: Mangosteen: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is not enough documented scientific evidence to indicate the interactions of water apple with other drugs. However, people should not assume that there are no interactions at all. Therefore, it is better to follow the advice of your Ayurvedic doctor. They will prescribe you the best way to have it.   

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What vitamins are present in water apple?  

Water apple vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3 and vitamin C2,3

What are the different names of water apples?  

Water apple is called by various vernacular names such as Bellfruit and Watery rose-apple in English, Gulaabijiamikaayalu in Telugu, Jambu and Panneer naval in Tamil, Jambakka in Malayalam, Vattenapple in Swedish, Asserjambuse in German, Tambis in Spanish, Jambu in Malay and Jambo in French4

What are the different roles of vitamin C in water apple?  

Water apple contains a high amount of vitamin C. It may play an important role in free radical scavenging. It may boost immunity which might be beneficial to counteract cold. It might also enhance white blood cell production. However, insufficient studies on humans make it hard to tell the beneficial effects of water apple on humans4

What are the medicinal uses of water apples?  

Water apples might be beneficial in constipation and other diseases. They may have effective detoxification properties for removing toxins from the body. And also might be helpful in dehydration due to its high water content. However, there are insufficient studies on humans to confirm its medicinal uses2,4

Does water apple have side effects during pregnancy?  

There is not enough scientific information regarding the side effects of water apple during pregnancy. Therefore, it is better to avoid it or take advice from a doctor. 

References

1. Yassir M, Bakrim W, Mahmoud M, Drissi B, Kouisni L, Sobeh M. Watery Rose Apple: A Comprehensive Review of Its Traditional Uses, Nutritional Value, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Merits against inflammation-related disorders. Hindawi. 2022 May 27;2022(7502185):1–17. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2022/7502185

2. Santhi Sirisha K, Shreeja K. Rose apple: A systematic review. The Pharma Innov J. 2019 Jun 27;8(7):673–676. Available from: https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2019/vol8issue7/PartL/8-7-104-823.pdf 

3. United States Department of Agriculture [Internet]. Rose apples, raw; 2019 Apr 1.[cited 2022 Jun 20]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168171/nutrients 

4. Sridevi R, Monisha P, Shabna E, Subhashri S. Phytochemistry And Pharmacology Of Syzygium Aqueum: A Critical Review. Euro J of Bio and Pharm Sci. 2018 May 15;5(6):271–276. Available from: https://www.ejbps.com/ejbps/abstract_id/4564

5. Yassir M, Bakrim WB, Mahmoud MF, Drissi B, Kouisni L, Sobeh M. Watery Rose Apple: A Comprehensive Review of Its Traditional Uses, Nutritional Value, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Merits against Inflammation-Related Disorders. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 May 29;2022:7502185. doi: 10.1155/2022/7502185. Retraction in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2024 Jan 9;2024:9834349. doi: 10.1155/2024/9834349. PMID: 35677104; PMCID: PMC9168099. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9168099/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Best Home Remedies For Thick Eyebrows

Introduction

Eyebrows are like the crowns of our eyes. They are not accessories; they play an important role in preventing sweat from trickling down into our eyes. In addition, they also protect the bony ridges above the eyes and play a crucial part in facial expressions. The hair of eyebrows is usually narrower than scalp hair in Asians, while in Caucasians, the scalp hair is thinner1. Even though we are grateful to our eyebrows for all they do for us and appreciate the way they are, sometimes we might wonder how to get thick eyebrows? Do you also wonder how to grow eyebrows thicker? If yes, then read along and find out. 

What Causes Thin Eyebrows?

You might want to know how to grow thick eyebrows because you have thin eyebrows naturally, have over-plucked them, or you’re experiencing a loss of eyebrow hair. The term used for loss of eyebrows is madarosis. The definition of the madarosis was widened to include the loss of eyebrows, too; initially, it was used to describe the loss of eyelashes only. Madarosis can be a sign of many medical conditions. The following causes can lead to madarosis (loss of eyebrows).  

Symptoms of Thin Eyebrows

As mentioned above, the thinning of eyebrows can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, or you could also have thin eyebrows naturally. You might notice a generally decreased thickness of eyebrow hair or increased loss of eyebrow hair; it is especially noticeable in the lateral (away from the middle) part of the eyebrow1. In addition, it might be associated with other symptoms in the body like loss of scalp hair, rashes or dryness of the skin, etc.; together, they can indicate certain conditions. Therefore, you should note other symptoms and inform your doctor about them to help in the diagnosis of the condition, if any.  

Home Remedies for Thick Eyebrows

If you wonder how to get thick eyebrows, here are a few home remedies for thick eyebrows that you can try. These are natural methods that might help you grow thicker and fuller eyebrows. Try them out and see what suits you best. 

1. Coconut Oil  

Image Source: freepik.com

Coconut oil may help hair grow and remain healthy. It is also good for the re-growth of hair. It might be one of the best natural nutrients for hair. It may be used as one of the home remedies for thick eyebrows2. You can take a tiny amount of coconut oil and massage it in a circular pattern in the areas of your eyebrows. Doing this at night, keeping the oil overnight, and then washing it the next morning may be good for growing thicker eyebrows.  

2. Olive Oil  

Image Source: freepik.com

Studies on animals have shown that applying olive oil can stimulate hair growth. Therefore, it shows that olive oil is a potential hair growth agent3. Moreover, it is valuable for thick and bushy eyebrows. You can take a cotton swab and dip it in olive oil. Using this swab, massage your eyebrow region thoroughly. Leaving it overnight may also be beneficial. You might be able to see a visible difference in your eyebrows if you follow this routine diligently.  

3. Peppermint Oil  

Image Source: freepik.com

In animal studies, it was found that peppermint oil promotes the growth of hair by improving blood circulation to the hair follicles. It has the potential to be used as a hair loss prevention agent and also a therapeutic agent4. There is a need for further human studies to prove its efficiency, yet it is being used as a home remedy for hair growth. You may use it as a remedy to obtain thick eyebrows by taking a few drops of peppermint oil in a cotton swab and gently massaging it in a circular motion on your eyebrows. Leaving it overnight and washing it the next day may show visible beneficial effects.  

4. Aloe Vera  

Image Source: freepik.com

It was seen in a study that aloe vera helps hair growth and has hair and follicle strengthening effects5. It is used for multiple purposes due to its therapeutic effects. It is valuable for getting thicker eyebrows. You can take a fresh aloe vera leaf and cut it open to obtain the gel. Then, mix this gel with a small amount of coconut oil and apply it to your eyebrows until it gets absorbed. You can leave it for some time and then wash it off. Doing it regularly might help you grow fuller eyebrows.  

5. Rosemary Oil  

Image Source: freepik.com

Rosemary essential oil is valuable for promoting hair growth. When applied externally, rosemary might stimulate the hair follicles, thus helping hair growth6. It is good for obtaining dense eyebrows. You can use this as one of the home remedies for thick eyebrows by mixing rosemary oil in coconut oil and applying it on your eyebrows at night, then washing it off the next day.  

6. Lavender Oil  

Image Source: freepik.com

Animal studies showed that lavender oil promotes hair growth7. There is a need for more studies on humans to ensure its effects of lavender oil on humans. However, lavender oil is valuable as a home remedy for thick eyebrows. You may use lavender oil to help grow thicker and darker eyebrows by taking a few drops of lavender oil and massaging it gently onto your eyebrows, then leaving it overnight. Wash it the next morning. Using this remedy consistently might help your eyebrow hair grow.  

7. Onion  

Image Source: freepik.com

Onion promotes hair growth. It contains many minerals (mainly iron) which help hair grow by providing oxygen to the follicles6. As a remedy for obtaining thicker eyebrows, you can mix the juice of onion with honey and apply it over the eyebrow area. Using this method may prove to be beneficial for growing thick, dense and bushy eyebrows.  

8. Unripe Banana  

Image Source: freepik.com

It was found in an animal study that unripe banana has hair growth-promoting activity8. Though there is a need for further human studies, it is good for growing thicker and fuller eyebrows. You can take an unripe banana, peel it, and mash the banana. Mix honey to this and apply it to your eyebrow area. Leave it on for a while, and then rinse it off with cool water. You might find this remedy useful for gaining thicker eyebrows by using it regularly. 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of the given herbs and home remedies for getting thick eyebrows, these are insufficient. There is a need for large-scale human studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of these home remedies on human health. Thus, these should only be taken with caution and never as a substitute for medical treatment.    

Also Read: Simple Home Remedies For Puffy Eyes

When to Seek Medical Help?

You should seek medical help if you notice the following symptoms as it could indicate a more severe problem: 

You must not rely on home remedies alone for thick eyebrows and should consult a qualified doctor for any advice if the symptoms do not improve with home remedies.   

Also Read: Effective Home Remedies for Silky Hair

Conclusion

Looking at many others, you might want thicker and bushier eyebrows. However, your eyebrows might not grow exactly as you want them to, leaving you wondering how to make your eyebrows thicker? You might notice a decreased thickness, thinning or loss of eyebrow hair. This might be due to a few conditions like alopecia areata, hormonal disturbances, etc., or you might have naturally thin eyebrows. Nonetheless, there are a few home remedies for thick eyebrows for you to try, such as onion, lavender oil, coconut oil, etc. However, thin eyebrows or loss of eyebrows can be a sign of a medical condition, so you should consult a dermatologist (hair and skin doctor) if you see scales on your skin, notice thinning of scalp hair and have eye problems.  

Also Read: Effective Home Remedies For Red Eyes

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How to make eyebrows thicker?  

You can try to make eyebrows thicker by trying out a few home remedies like coconut oil, olive oil, rosemary oil, onion, aloe vera, etc2,8. They are natural and might help you grow thick eyebrows. 

Can eyebrows become thicker if we apply eyeliner daily to them?  

No, there are no reports of thickening of eyebrows on the daily application of eyeliner. However, you can try a few home remedies for thick eyebrows like aloe vera, lavender oil, coconut oil, etc2,8.

Does the thinning of eyebrows mean that I have a disease?  

Thinning of eyebrows is known as madarosis. It can occur in various diseases like hypothyroidism, Graham-little syndrome, Alopecia, blepharitis, etc1. You should consult a doctor to get it checked out if you notice any other symptoms along with it. 

How to get thick eyebrows naturally using bananas?  

Studies have shown that an unripe banana is good for hair growth8. You can take a peeled unripe banana, make a paste of it, mix honey and apply it to your eyebrows. Leave it for some time, then rinse it. It may help you get fuller eyebrows. 

How to make eyebrows thicker using chalk?  

There is no evidence of chalk being beneficial for making eyebrows thicker. 

References

1. Kumar A, Karthikeyan K. Madarosis: A marker of many Maladies. Int J Trichology [Internet]. 2012;4(1):3–18. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358936/ 

2. Sursinh Vala G, Vala GS, Kapadiya PK. Medicinal Benefits of Coconut Oil (A Review paper). Print) Int J Life Sci Res [Internet]. 2014;2:124–6. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280574942 

3. Tong T, Kim N, Park T. Topical application of oleuropein induces anagen hair growth in telogen mouse skin. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015;10(6):1–17. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4462586/ 

4. Oh JY, Park MA, Kim YC. Peppermint oil promotes hair growth without toxic signs. Toxicol Res [Internet]. 2014;30(4):297–304. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289931/ 

5. Noreen S. A Close Look at Aloe Vera Barbadensis and It ‘ s Effect on Hair Health. 2020;(July). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342588964_A_Close_Look_at_Aloe_Vera_Barbadensis_and_It%27s_Effect_on_Hair_Health

6. Patel S, Sharma V, Chauhan N, Thakur M, Dixit VK. Hair Growth: Focus on Herbal Therapeutic Agent. Curr Drug Discov Technol [Internet]. 2015 Aug 4 [cited 2022 Mar 29];12(1):21–42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26058803/ 

7. Lee BH, Lee JS, Kim YC. Hair Growth-Promoting Effects of Lavender Oil in C57BL/6 Mice. Toxicol Res [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Mar 29];32(2):103. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843973/ 

8. Savali A, Chitapurkar H, Bhinge S. Evaluation of hair growth promoting activity of Musa paradisiaca unripe fruit extract. J Nat Pharm [Internet]. 2011;2(3):120. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272895983_Evaluation_of_hair_growth_promoting_activity_of_Musa_paradisiaca_unripe_fruit_extract

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Turmeric (Haldi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Introduction

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and might be one of the most valuable herbal medicinal plants1. Turmeric is also referred to as Indian saffron due to its brilliant yellow colour2. Turmeric contains a yellow pigment called curcumin or diferuloylmethane, which is the principal ingredient responsible for its properties1,3.

Turmeric is distributed throughout subtropical and tropical regions of the world. It is extensively cultivated in Asian countries, especially in China and India. It grows up to a height of one meter and has a short stem1.

Nutritional Value of Turmeric

There are more than 100 components present in turmeric. The major component present in the root is a volatile oil consisting of turmerone. Other colouring agents like curcuminoids are also present in turmeric. Curcuminoids contain curcumin demethoxycurcumin, dihydrocurcumin, and 5′- methoxycurcumin, which are natural antioxidants. Turmerone, arturmerone, and zingiberene are the components responsible for the aroma of turmeric. Turmeric also contains a great amount of ω-3 fatty acid and α-linolenic acid (2.5%)2. In 100 grams of turmeric, the nutrients found are4:

Properties of Turmeric

Turmeric might possess properties like:

As a doctor, I often come across patients who inquire about natural remedies for managing arthritis. One popular option that has gained attention is turmeric. It’s interesting how turmeric, a spice commonly found in our kitchens, may be loaded with potential benefits for arthritis and other conditions9.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Turmeric

1. Potential Uses of Turmeric for Heart Diseases

supports heart health

Turmeric (Haldi) might exhibit cardioprotective (heart-protective) effects mainly due to its potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiplatelet, and cholesterol-lowering activities. Turmeric’s cholesterol-lowering effect might be attributed to reduced cholesterol intake by the intestines and enhanced cholesterol conversion to bile acids in the liver1. However, heart diseases are to be treated by a specialist. Kindly consult a doctor for heart conditions.

2. Potential Uses of Turmeric for the Digestive System

gut

Constituents of turmeric might have positive effects on the gastrointestinal system. According to a study5, the intestinal spasm may be inhibited by sodium curcuminate, a constituent of turmeric. Another component of turmeric called p-tolymethylcarbinol might enhance secretin, bicarbonate, gastrin, and pancreatic enzyme secretion. As per an animal study, turmeric might be helpful against the formation of ulcers that might be induced by factors like stress, alcohol, indomethacin (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), reserpine and pyloric ligation (a condition that leads to gastric acid accumulation in the stomach) by increasing gastric wall mucous in animals when exposed to these gastrointestinal insults.

Turmeric might stimulate bile secretion, hence potentially helping improve the body’s ability to digest fats. This might aid in better digestion and may also help in the elimination of toxins from the liver5. However, more research is required to prove such claims.

3. Potential Uses of Turmeric for the Oral Cavity

oral health

Turmeric might be helpful against tooth decay and is used in the preparation of toothpaste due to its potential antibiotic, astringent (causing the contraction of cells to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions) and anti-inflammatory activities. It might help against bacteria responsible for the development of cavities and may also help tone the gums5. However, more research is required. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.

4. Potential Uses of Turmeric for the Eyes

healthy eyes

A cataract is an eye disease caused by the oxidation of the lens in your eyes. The internal consumption of turmeric might help reduce the oxidation of the lens. Hence, it may be helpful in cataracts. It may also be helpful in relieving eye pain5. However, do not self-medicate and kindly consult a doctor for problems related to the eye.

5. Potential Uses of Turmeric for the Respiratory System

respiratory disease

Turmeric might be effective in arresting nosebleeds, clearing the sinuses, and restoring a quicker sense of smell. Turmeric may also help with cough, sinusitis, and dyspnoea (difficulty in breathing)5. However, these effects need to be ascertained by further research.

6. Potential Uses of Turmeric for Infections

skin infections

A variety of bacteria, disease-causing fungi, and parasites might be inhibited by turmeric extract and the essential oil of Curcuma longa. The aqueous extract of turmeric might exhibit antibacterial effects. The growth of several bacteria like staphylococcus, lactobacillus, and streptococcus might be suppressed by curcumin. Ether and chloroform extracts of turmeric exhibit antifungal potential. Turmeric might also possess antiviral properties. All these properties of turmeric may help fight against infection-causing microbes5.

7. Potential Uses of Turmeric for Detoxification

detoxification

Detoxification is the process of elimination of toxic substances from the body. The active constituent of turmeric, curcumin, might bind with heavy metals like lead and cadmium and decrease the toxicity of these metals. Turmeric may also be effective in dealing with poisoning and the purification of blood5. However, these effects need to be further researched. Kindly do not self-medicate. Consult a doctor.

8. Potential Uses of Turmeric for the Skin

skin

Turmeric might help purify and nourish the blood which may lead to healthy and glowing skin. It might be effective for skin diseases like acne, eczema, etc. due to its antiseptic and antibacterial properties. It may also help against premature ageing. Turmeric is also a constituent of sunscreens and cosmetics5. However, its effects on skin need to be further researched.

9. Other Potential Uses of Turmeric

Curcumin might be a powerful scavenger of oxygen-free radicals. The antioxidant property of curcumin is comparable to that of vitamin E, and C. Curcumin may significantly inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species. The derivatives of curcumin, such as bisdemethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin, also contain antioxidant properties. Pre-treatment with curcumin might help reduce oxidative stress caused due to ischaemia (a condition in which is there is restricted blood flow in a particular body part)1.

Though there are studies that show the potential use of turmeric in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of turmeric on human health.  

I find it is very fascinating how a natural ingredient like curcumin might potentially support cognitive function. In a recent clinical trial, researchers discovered that taking 90 milligrams of curcumin, a compound found in turmeric, twice a day for 18 months had a positive impact on memory performance in adults who didn’t have dementia6.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Turmeric?

Turmeric can be taken as a supplement or utilized as a spice. Turmeric can be incorporated into your diet by adding it to various foods like:

Turmeric is available in different forms like:

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

Let me share a gripping discovery. A study6 found that curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, might be effective in reducing symptoms of depression. It’s also believed that curcumin may help increase the levels of serotonin and dopamine in the brain, which are important chemicals involved in regulating mood. Isn’t it stunning how natural ingredients might potentially have such powerful effects on our mental well-being?

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Side Effects of Turmeric (Haldi)

Turmeric has been established safe for use. However, despite this safety record, there have been some side effects. When taken in excess, the following side effects have been reported:

Alkaline phosphatase is an important enzyme that is associated with the presence of liver, bone and other diseases. Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that is indicative of any tissue damage or disease8.

I would like to suggest considering turmeric as a potential natural remedy for muscle soreness after exercise. The active compound in turmeric, curcumin, may possess anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce post-exercise muscle inflammation and soreness. While more research is needed to fully understand its effects, incorporating turmeric into your routine might be worth trying10.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Cabbage (Patta Gobi): Uses, Benefits, Side effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh 

Precautions to Take with Turmeric

The right dose of turmeric for you depends on your overall health. It is essential to talk to your physician before taking turmeric. Although the risk of side effects and drug interactions are unlikely, it is recommended that you stop consuming turmeric if you experience any ill effects.

Turmeric might cause bloating, and it is also advisable to avoid turmeric if you have gallbladder disease6.

Also Read: Reetha: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Turmeric might interact with blood-clotting medications. Hence, it is important to consult your doctor before consuming turmeric with these medications6.

Also Read: Urad Dal: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and more!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is turmeric?

Turmeric (Haldi) is a spice that is obtained from the root of the Curcuma longa plant that is a part of the ginger family. The primary active constituent of turmeric is curcumin. Turmeric might have many health benefits6.

What are the other names of turmeric?

Turmeric is known by different names like turmeric root, Indian saffron, Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica and more9.

Can turmeric be used to boost memory?

Turmeric might help enhance memory in adults without dementia (loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities). Curcumin might also help against Alzheimer’s disease6. However, such effects need to be proved by more research.

Can turmeric be used during pregnancy?

Turmeric might not be safe for use during pregnancy when taken in excess amounts. Hence, you must consult your doctor before taking turmeric during pregnancy9.

Can turmeric be used as first aid?

Turmeric might have haemostatic property (ability to arrest bleeding) and a great healing property due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. According to animal studies5, turmeric exhibited a potential healing effect on septic and aseptic wounds in animal models. However, more research is required to prove such claims.

References

  1. Hamid Nasri, Najmeh Sahinfard, Mortaza Rafieian, Samira Rafiean, Maryam Shirzad, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei; Turmeric: A spice with multifunctional medicinal properties. Journal of herbmed pharmacology.2014 3(1):5-8. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285776797_Turmeric_A_spice_with_multifunctional_medicinal_properties/link/57a9a18c08aef3001528b9bb/download
  2. Sahdeo Prasad and Bharat B.Aggarwal; Chapter 13 Turmeric, the golden spice. Traditional medicine to modern medicine. Herbal medicine: Biomolecular and clinical aspects. 2 edition. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/
  3. Singletary, Keith PhD; Turmeric potential health benefits. Nutrition today. 2020 55(1): 45-56. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2020/01000/turmeric__potential_health_benefits.9.aspx
  4. U.S Department of Agriculture. Spices, turmeric, ground. [Internet] Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/172231/nutrients
  5. Preeti Rathaur, Waseem Raja, P.W Ramteke and Suchit A. John. Turmeric: The golden spice of life. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research. 2012 3(7):1987-1994. Available from: https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/turmeric-the-golden-spice-of-life/
  6. Cleveland clinic. 7 Health benefits of turmeric. [Internet] Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/turmeric-health-benefits/
  7. AshishBhalla1, PonniahThirumalaikolundusubramanian2, JefferyFung3, GabrielaCordero-Schmidt4, SariSoghoian5, Veronica KaurSikka6, Harinder SinghDhindsa6, SurjitSingh1; Chapter 6- Native Medicines and Cardiovascular toxicity. Heart and toxins. 2015. 175-202. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124165953000062
  8. Susan J. Hewlings and Douglas S. Kalman; Curcumin: A review of its effects on human health. MDPI. 2012 Oct 6 (10): 92. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664031/
  9. National center for complementary and integrative health. Turmeric. [Internet] Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/turmeric
  10. Brown ME. Turmeric Benefits [Internet]. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Medicine; [updated 2025?] [cited 2026 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/turmeric-benefits

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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