Shilajit: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects By Dr. Anuja Bodhare

Introduction

Shilajit (purified) is a well-known natural substance used in Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine. But what exactly is Shilajit? It is a blackish-brown powder or exudate obtained from high mountain rocks in the Himalayas between India and Nepal. It is also found in Afghanistan, Tibet, Russia, and northern Chile. In north India, it is known as shilajatu, salajit, mummiyo or mimie^[1].

Shilajit is an important drug listed in the Ayurvedic Materia medica and is extensively used by Ayurvedic physicians for managing a range of diseases. It is believed to carry the therapeutic essence of the mountains, consisting of rock minerals, rock humus and organic substances that have been compressed over centuries within rock formations. This unique composition makes Shilajit a significant Ayurvedic remedy with a range of traditional uses¹.

Chemical Components of Shilajit

Shilajit is composed of humins, humic acid and fulvic acid. Fulvic acid is the major component that accounts for 60 to 80% of its nutraceutical components. Other components present in Shilajit are fatty acids, resins, albumins, polyphenols, phenolic lipids, triterpenes, sterols, aromatic carboxylic acids, coumarins, latex, gums and amino acids.

Shilajit also contains more than 84 minerals, including silver, copper, zinc and iron.

Properties of Shilajit

The properties of Shilajit are as follows:

• It may have anti-inflammatory activity¹
• It may have antioxidant properties¹
• It may have memory-enhancing properties¹
• It may have anti-Alzheimer properties¹
• It may have a blood sugar-lowering effect
• It may have anti-asthmatic properties
• It may have anti-tumour activity
• It may help in seizure
• It may benefit heart, kidney¹ and liver health
• It may have digestive properties.

Potential Uses of Shilajit

1. For Anaemia

Anaemia is characterised by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the standard quantity of haemoglobin in the blood. Iron deficiency anaemia is a common type of anaemia. One of the potential Shilajit benefits is its iron content. When taken as a dietary supplement, it was observed that Shilajit increased the haemoglobin level in an animal study², showcasing its potential in managing anaemia. Taking Shilajit as a dietary supplement might be beneficial in the management of iron deficiency anaemia. However, this information is insufficient as this study was conducted on animals. Therefore, a large-scale human study is required to suggest the potential uses of Shilajit to overcome iron deficiency in humans.

2. For Muscle Fatigue

Shilajit supplementation might be beneficial in boosting exercise performance by enhancing fatigue-related metabolic characteristics and increasing muscle mass and strength. In a clinical study³, supplementation with Shilajit had favourable effects on the retention of muscular strength after an exhausting task, demonstrating potential benefits for muscle fatigue. However, further studies are required to suggest the benefits of Shilajit for muscle fatigue.

3. For Heart Health 

Various experimental studies have shown the beneficial effects of Shilajit on lipid profile, demonstrating potential health benefits. Shilajit showed prominent practical action against injuries to the heart muscles in an animal model. It lessened the harmful effects on heart tissue in rats. However, this study⁴ is done on animals and not humans. Therefore, more human trials are required to find the true scope of Shilajit in humans.

4. For High-Altitude Acclimatisation

The common problems associated with people who ascend to high altitudes from places of low altitudes are high-altitude pulmonary oedema (fluid retention in lungs), acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral oedema (swelling of the brain), lack of appetite, hypoxia (lack of enough oxygen in the tissues), insomnia, lethargy, stomach upset, physical and mental depression⁵.

Shilajit contains fulvic acid, contributing to its potential health benefits. The fulvic acid may help stimulate energy production and blood formation and avert hypoxia. It may also help transport nutrients to tissues and help overcome lethargy, tiredness, and chronic fatigue. Shilajit might be used as a supplement by people travelling to high altitudes. However, before using Shilajit while travelling, please consult with your doctors and never use it to self-medicate yourself.

5. For Gastric Ulcers

A peptic ulcer is a gastric (stomach) lesion that is developed when the gastric lining is exposed to aggressive agents. Oxidative stress and free radical damage are factors responsible for gastrointestinal disorders⁶. Shilajit may have anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, Shilajit might be a beneficial solution for stomach ulcers as a human gastroprotective (stomach protective) agent. However, this information is insufficient; therefore, further research on humans is necessary to develop the true extent of the potential uses of Shilajit in humans.

Based on my experience, I have observed that a monitored intake of shilajit may help reduce the occurrence of gastric ulcers. Shilajit may have protective effects on the stomach and duodenum, potentially reducing ulcer formation⁹.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

6. For Alzheimer’s Disease

Fulvic acid found in Shilajit may have memory-enhancing properties. Fulvic acid also helps the self-aggregation of tau protein into a filament (a factor involved in the development of Alzheimer’s). Shilajit may also have the potential to be developed as a dietary supplement to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. However, this data is insufficient and we require more human trials to suggest the benefits of Shilajit for brain health.

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Shilajit in various health conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for more studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Shilajit on human health⁷.

7. For Men’s Health

Shilajit benefits for male vitality and well-being are noteworthy. It is known to enhance male vitality and address various health concerns. Shilajit may support reproductive health by promoting healthy sperm production and testosterone⁸ levels. Furthermore, it can boost energy, potentially improving stamina and athletic performance. Some men use Shilajit as a natural supplement to manage conditions like erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Its rich mineral content may also contribute to bone health and overall well-being. However, understanding potential shilajit side effects for males is crucial when considering its usage, particularly in higher doses or extended periods, especially if they have underlying health issues.

8. For Women’s Wellness

Shilajit isn’t limited to men; it offers potential benefits for women too. It can help in maintaining overall health and well-being. Shilajit is believed to assist in hormonal balance, which may alleviate symptoms of conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and menopause. Additionally, it can boost energy and enhance stamina, which can be especially beneficial for active and busy women. The rich mineral and antioxidant content in Shilajit can support healthy skin and hair. However, as with any supplement, women should consult healthcare providers before using Shilajit, especially during pregnancy or while nursing.

9. For Hair & Scalp

Shilajit’s potential uses extend to hair care. This natural substance contains essential minerals and fulvic acid, which may promote hair health. Shilajit can help reduce hair fall and strengthen hair follicles. Its antimicrobial properties might aid in preventing scalp issues like dandruff. By enhancing blood circulation to the scalp, Shilajit may stimulate hair growth and maintain lustrous, healthy locks. While it shows promise for hair care, it’s recommended to use Shilajit-based hair products or supplements after consulting with a dermatologist or trichologist.

10. For Weight Management

Shilajit is emerging as a natural supplement in weight loss and management. It contains fulvic acid, which may support metabolism and energy production. Shilajit can help control appetite, reducing cravings and overeating. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can assist in detoxifying the body, potentially aiding weight loss. However, it’s essential to approach Shilajit as part of a holistic weight loss plan, including a balanced diet and regular exercise. Consultation with a healthcare provider or a nutritionist is advised before incorporating Shilajit into a weight loss regimen.

11. For Stamina & Endurance

Shilajit is renowned for its potential to boost stamina and endurance. It can enhance physical performance, making it popular among athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Shilajit’s high mineral content contributes to muscle strength and vitality. Its role in improving oxygen delivery to tissues may delay fatigue during strenuous physical activities. Regular consumption of Shilajit may lead to increased stamina and overall fitness. Athletes and individuals seeking enhanced endurance often integrate Shilajit into their pre-workout routines. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage and ensure it aligns with individual fitness goals

Over the years, I have observed that the methanolic extract of Shilajit may have inhibitory activity against fungus. Shilajit may have antifungal properties, potentially helping combat fungal infections⁹.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Shilajit

• Shilajit powder may be taken with milk.
• It is also available in capsule form for convenient consumption.

Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dose as per your requirement. Do not replace or discontinue your ongoing medications with Shilajit or any other Ayurvedic preparations without consulting a qualified physician.

When to Expect Results

• Shilajit, like most Ayurvedic ingredients, takes time to show noticeable results. This is because Ayurveda works on the principle of targeting the root cause rather than just suppressing the outer symptoms.  
• Ayurveda is based on the principle of ‘’whole body healing”. Thus, it aims to evaluate, treat and protect the mind and body holistically.  
• However, for best results, it is advised to consume Shilajit for about 3 months. After 2-3 weeks of continued consumption, some noticeable improvements can be viewed, such as more energy, better cognitive skills and less stress.  
• After taking Shilajit for 3 months at a stretch, you can see improvement in other facets of your body and mind, such as better immunity, more muscular strength, better digestive health and glowing skin.

In my experience, Shilajit has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes. It has shown potential in reducing the hyperglycemic response and may have anti-diabetic properties⁹.

Dr. Ashok Pal, B.A.M.S.

Side Effects of Shilajit

• Consumption of impure Shilajit may lead to intoxication due to heavy metals like lead, arsenic and mercury, mycotoxin, oxidant agents, and free radicals.
• The consumption of Ayurvedic products containing Shilajit has been associated with lead poisoning in some cases, underscoring the importance of being aware of potential side effects.

However, if you experience any Shilajit side effects, immediately rush to the hospital and get appropriate treatment to overcome your side effects.

Be careful when considering the consumption of shilajit! It’s important to note that unprocessed shilajit may contain substances such as mycotoxins, heavy metals, polymeric quinones, and free radicals, which can pose potential health risks¹⁰.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Precautions While Using Shilajit

• Impure Shilajit may contain heavy metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic. A purified, ready-to-use preparation of Shilajit is fit for human consumption.
• Shilajit should not be used with pigeon meat, horse gram (Kulthi) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum).
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid the use of Shilajit due to the lack of sufficient data related to its safe use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Avoid giving it to small children and older adults due to a lack of information about its safety.

Things to Check Before Buying Shilajit Supplements

• Check whether the shilajit available is pure. Never buy shilajit in raw or unprocessed form. Consuming raw shilajit can make us fall sick as it may contain heavy metals, free radicals, fungus, etc.
• Check whether Shilajit is manufactured by a reputed source.
•  Check whether the available Shilajit is certified.

Also Read: Paneer Dodi: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

What Is Shilajit Resin?

Shilajit resin is a processed form of Shilajit. It is purified and typically comes in a more refined, resinous consistency, with impurities removed. Shilajit resin is often considered a more concentrated and purified version of Shilajit, making it easier to use as a supplement.
Shilajit resin benefits include improved energy levels and enhanced cognitive function, making it a valuable natural supplement in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.

Interactions of Shilajit with Other Drugs

There is no scientific report suggesting the interactions of Shilajit with other drugs. However, people should not assume that there are no interactions at all.

Therefore, it is better to follow the advice of your Ayurvedic doctor. They will prescribe you the best way to have it.

Also Read: Shatavari (Asparagus): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Conclusion

Shilajit has long been valued in Ayurveda for its unique blend of minerals and organic compounds. Traditional use and early research suggest that it may support energy, cognition, and overall well-being, but the evidence in humans is still limited. What remains important is choosing only purified, high-quality preparations and using them under medical guidance. While Shilajit holds promise as a natural supplement, more studies are needed to fully understand its role in modern healthcare.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Carrasco-Gallardo C, Guzmán L, Maccioni RB. Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;2012:674142. doi:10.1155/2012/674142. PMID: 22482077; PMCID: PMC3296184. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3296184/
2. Velmurugan C, Anand AV, Ravichandiran V, Prasad R. Shilajit in management of iron deficiency anaemia. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2011;2(4):1261-1263. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288266508_Shilajit_in_management_of_iron_deficiency_anaemia
3. Keller JL, Housh TJ, Hill EC, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16(1):3. doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0270-2. PMID: 30728074; PMCID: PMC6364418. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6364418/
4. Joukar S, Najafipour H, Dabiri S, Sheibani M, Sharokhi N. Cardioprotective effect of mumie (shilajit) on experimentally induced myocardial injury. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2014;14(3):214-21. doi:10.1007/s12012-014-9245-3. PMID: 24448712. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24448712/
5. Meena H, Pandey HK, Arya MC, Ahmed Z. Shilajit: A panacea for high-altitude problems. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2010;1(1):37-40. doi:10.4103/0974-7788.59942. PMID: 20532096; PMCID: PMC2876922. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20532096/
6. Malik TF, Gnanapandithan K, Singh K. Peptic Ulcer Disease. [Updated 2023 Jun 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/
7. Cornejo A, Jiménez JM, Caballero L, Melo F, Maccioni RB. Fulvic acid inhibits aggregation and promotes disassembly of tau fibrils associated with Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;27(1):143-53. doi:10.3233/JAD-2011-110623. PMID: 21785188. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21785188/
8. Pandit S, Biswas S, Jana U, De RK, Mukhopadhyay SC, Biswas TK. Clinical evaluation of purified Shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers. Andrologia. 2016;48(5):570-5. doi:10.1111/and.12482. PMID: 26395129. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26395129/
9. Chaudhary SP, Singh AK, Dwivedi KN. Medicinal properties of Shilajit: a review. Indian Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences. 2016 Mar;2(1). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311969981_MEDICINAL_PROPERTIES_OF_SHILAJIT_A_REVIEW
10. Carrasco-Gallardo C, Guzmán L, Maccioni RB. Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;2012:674142. doi: 10.1155/2012/674142. Epub 2012 Feb 23. PMID: 22482077; PMCID: PMC3296184. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3296184/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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