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Red Rice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More

Introduction

According to Balinese mythology, a divine bird was sent to Earth carrying four seeds coloured red, white, black, and yellow. During its journey, the bird consumed the yellow seed, leaving only the red, white, and black ones. These are believed to represent the various types of rice grains known today. 

Among them, red rice stands out for its distinctive colour and traditional significance. Commonly referred to by different names such as Oryza longistaminata, Matta rice, Palakkadan Matta rice, and Rakthashali in Ayurveda, red rice owes its rich hue to the presence of anthocyanin, a natural antioxidant pigment. 

Red rice can appear in several forms, which include wild, weedy, or cultivated and may be partially or fully covered with husk. It has been traditionally cultivated in regions such as Sri Lanka, China, the United States, Korea, and India. Within India, red rice is grown in various states, including Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh. Notable varieties include Patni from Maharashtra, Matali and Jatu from Kullu, and Matta from Kerala1.  

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Nutritional Value of Red Rice

Red rice is a nutritional powerhouse. It contains proteins, carbohydrates, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals like zinc and iron. Additionally, red rice is a source of polyphenols, including vanillic acid and ferulic acid, as well as antioxidants like anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and flavonoids, which are responsible for its characteristic colour. The nutritional components of red rice per 100 grams are given below2:   

Properties of Red Rice

Scientific studies have examined various aspects of red rice, and its consumption has been associated with several beneficial nutritional properties. Some of these observed characteristics are outlined below, based on available research and traditional dietary usage. 

Potential Uses of Red Rice for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of red rice are described as below:  

1. Potential Uses of Red Rice in Inflammation  

Inflammation is the body’s natural defence mechanism in response to infection, stress, or tissue injury. It can be acute, such as in the case of fever, or chronic, as seen in long-term conditions like arthritis. A systematic review12 has reported that red rice may exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in certain experimental settings. Antioxidants are known to help protect cells from oxidative stress and may assist in reducing inflammatory responses. These potential effects are attributed to the presence of naturally occurring compounds in red rice, such as gamma-oryzanol, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds3.   

While such findings are of interest, it is important to note that more robust scientific studies are needed to confirm these observations. At present, there is insufficient clinical evidence to support any definitive health claims regarding the management or treatment of inflammatory conditions through the consumption of red rice.  

2. Potential Uses of Red Rice in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers affecting women worldwide. Some preliminary research13 has investigated the potential effects of red rice on breast cancer cells in laboratory settings. Findings from these studies suggest that certain compounds present in red rice, such as polyphenols, particularly proanthocyanidins may influence cellular processes related to cancer progression. For example, red rice extracts have been observed to inhibit the activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a protein associated with cell growth and may also play a role in reducing cell migration in vitro4.  

However, it is important to emphasise that these studies are experimental in nature, and the results have not been confirmed through large-scale clinical trials. At this stage, there is no conclusive evidence to support any preventive or therapeutic claims related to breast cancer, and further research is required. Individuals should consult with qualified healthcare professionals for medical advice or treatment..  

3. Potential Uses of Red Rice for Alopecia

Alopecia is the loss of hair or baldness. Red rice is naturally rich in protein and other nutrients, which are important for general health, including the maintenance of hair. Some experimental research5 has explored the potential impact of red rice on hair health. In one such study, red rice extract was found to inhibit the activity of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, which is associated with hair loss in certain conditions. These findings suggest a possible link between compounds found in red rice and reduced hair shedding in laboratory models. However, these results are preliminary and have not been confirmed through extensive human studies. At present, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of red rice in managing alopecia, and individuals experiencing hair loss are advised to seek guidance from a qualified medical professional.  

4. Potential Uses of Red Rice in Type-2-Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is characterised by elevated blood glucose levels either due to a decreased insulin level or resistance of the body to insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels). A study6 in 2020 investigated the potential effects of red rice in a diabetic mouse model. The findings suggested that red rice consumption may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity and a lower glycaemic response in that experimental context. These observations were attributed to the naturally low glycaemic index of red rice and the presence of certain bioactive compounds. While these results are scientifically noteworthy, 

 it is important to recognise that the study was conducted on animals, and further well-designed clinical trials in humans are necessary to confirm these outcomes. At present, there is not enough evidence to support any definitive health claims regarding the management of Type 2 diabetes through red rice consumption. Individuals with diabetes should consult a qualified healthcare provider for appropriate dietary and medical guidance.  

5. Potential Uses of Red Rice on Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia is characterised by elevated cholesterol, including increased low-density lipoprotein, often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), known as ‘good’ cholesterol. A review of existing research7 has noted that red yeast rice, which is a fermented form of red rice, may help reduce cholesterol levels by inhibiting its synthesis in the body. 

Additionally, the presence of naturally occurring phytosterols and monounsaturated fatty acids in red rice has been associated with potential benefits in managing lipid profiles. These findings suggest that red rice might have a positive effect on dyslipidemia8. However, further rigorous studies are required to establish these claims with greater scientific certainty.  

6. Potential Uses of Red Rice on Digestion

Literature indicates that diets rich in dietary fibre are generally associated with a reduced intake of fats and may contribute to improved digestive health. Traditional Chinese medicine has historically used red rice as a natural help for digestion8.  As a good source of dietary fibre, red rice may support regular bowel movements and provide relief from constipation. Furthermore, red rice is naturally low in fat while being relatively high in protein and fibre, which can promote feelings of fullness, potentially reducing overeating and supporting metabolic health. These characteristics suggest that consuming red rice could be beneficial for digestion, relief from constipation, and maintaining a healthy weight1. However, further scientific studies are needed to confirm these effects.  

7. Other Potential Uses of Red Rice

Though there are studies that show the benefits of red rice in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of red rice on human health.   

As red rice is a good source of many nutrients, including phytochemicals, which are believed to possess properties that may support skin health and potentially contribute to anti-ageing effects15.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Red Rice?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.    

Also Read: Puffed Rice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Side Effects of Red Rice

Few side effects related to the consumption of red rice include:  

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to red rice, it is advised to discontinue its use immediately and consult a doctor or the Ayurvedic physician who prescribed it. They can provide appropriate guidance based on your symptoms.” 

Certain studies14 have explored the potential of red yeast rice in supporting bone health. Preliminary findings from these studies suggest that red yeast rice may have a role in promoting bone formation.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Precautions to Take with Red Rice

Eating red rice is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions:  

Also Read: Plums (Aloo Bukhara): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of red rice with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking.  

Also Read: Clove (Laung): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Conclusion

Red rice is a nutrient-rich grain with potential health benefits supported by both traditional knowledge and preliminary scientific studies. While promising, its therapeutic claims require more clinical evidence for confirmation. As with any supplement, it should be consumed with caution and professional guidance. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is red rice better than white rice?

Yes. In comparison with white rice, red rice is rich in zinc and iron which may offer several health benefits. 

What are the different red rice varieties?

Some famous red rice varieties include Patni of Maharashtra, Matali and Jatu of Kullu, and Matta of Kerala. 

Can red rice help in weight loss?  

Yes. Red rice is low in fat and high in protein and fibres, which increases satiety and reduces overeating, which may help in weight loss. 

What are the side effects of red rice consumption?

If red rice is fermented consumed improperly, it may be associated with a risk of liver injury. Excessive intake of red rice can lead to digestive discomfort, including indigestion, bloating, and stomach pain, primarily due to its high fibre and protein content. While red rice consumption is generally not known to cause allergic reactions, in some cases, it may be linked to symptoms such as itching, rashes, or swelling. The precise causes and mechanisms underlying these reactions are not yet fully understood. 

References

  1. Ahuja U, Ahuja S, Chaudhary N, Thakrar R. Red Rices – Past, Present, and Future. Asian Agri-History [Internet]. 2007 Oct 1 [cited 2025 May 27];11(4). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237785312_Red_Rices_-_Past_Present_and_Future  
  2. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 May 27]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/2710838/nutrients  
  3. Agustin AT, Safitri A, Fatchiyah F. Java Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Nutritional Value and Anthocyanin Profiles and Its Potential Role as Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry [Internet]. 2021 Aug 3 [cited 2025 May 27];21(4):968. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353975212_Java_Red_Rice_Oryza_sativa_L_Nutritional_Value_and_Anthocyanin_Profiles_and_Its_Potential_Role_as_Antioxidant_and_Anti-Diabetic  
  4. Pintha, Komsak et al. “Proanthocyanidin in red rice inhibits MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion via the expression control of invasive proteins.” Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin vol. 38,4 (2015): 571-81. doi:10.1248/bpb.b14-00719. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25735761/  
  5. Jeng et al. (2012). Agronomic, molecular and antioxidative characterization of red- and purple-pericarp rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutants in Taiwan. Journal of Cereal Science. 56. 425–431. 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.05.015. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/9/6/111  
  6. Yagi, Takakazu et al. “Red rice kojiextract alleviates hyperglycemia by increasing glucose uptake and glucose transporter type 4 levels in skeletal muscle in two diabetic mouse models.” Food & nutrition research vol. 64 10.29219/fnr.v64.4226. 8 Oct. 2020, doi:10.29219/fnr.v64.4226. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33240034/  
  7. Shamim, Shariq et al. “Red yeast rice for dysipidemia.” Missouri medicine vol. 110,4 (2013): 349-54. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179893/  
  8. Musselman ME, Pettit RS, Derenski KL. A Review and Update of Red Yeast Rice. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine [Internet]. 2011 Dec 4 [cited 2025 May 27];17(1):33–9. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2156587211429703  
  9. Mazzanti, Gabriela et al. “Adverse reactions to dietary supplements containing red yeast rice: assessment of cases from the Italian surveillance system.” British journal of clinical pharmacology vol. 83,4 (2017): 894-908. doi:10.1111/bcp.13171. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5346868/  
  10. Jeon, You Hoon et al. “Identification of major rice allergen and their clinical significance in children.” Korean journal of pediatrics vol. 54,10 (2011): 414-21. doi:10.3345/kjp.2011.54.10.414. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250595/  
  11. Twarużek, Magdalena et al. “Dietary Supplements Based on Red Yeast Rice-A Source of Citrinin?.” Toxins vol. 13,7 497. 17 Jul. 2021, doi:10.3390/toxins13070497. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310238/
  12. Limtrakul P, Yodkeeree S, Pitchakarn P, Punfa W. Anti‑inflammatory effects of proanthocyanidin‑rich red rice extract via suppression of MAPK, AP‑1 and NF‑κB pathways in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Nutr Res Pract. 2016 Jun;10(3):251–8. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.3.251. Epub 2016 Apr 1. PMID: 27247720; PMCID: PMC4880723. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880723/ 
  13. Chen Z, Theppawong A, Sangsawad P, Fang J, Ye H, Deng S, Yang M, Gao J, Kraithong S. Bioactive compounds in colored rice: exploring natural agents for cancer prevention in vitro and rodent model studies. J Funct Foods. 2025 May;129:106875. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2025.106875. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464625002178
  14. Wu B, Huang JF, He BJ, Huang CW, Lu JH. Promotion of bone formation by red yeast rice in experimental animals: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Aug 8;2020:7231827. doi:10.1155/2020/7231827. PMID:32832555; PMCID:PMC7429765. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7429765/
  15. Baptista E, Liberal Â, Cardoso RVC, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Pires TCSP, Calhelha RC, García PA, Ferreira ICFR, Barreira JCM. Chemical and bioactive properties of red rice with potential pharmaceutical use. Molecules. 2024 May 11;29(10):2265. doi: 10.3390/molecules29102265. PMID: 38792127; PMCID: PMC11123668. Available from:  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11123668/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Halim Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Halim seeds, also known as garden cress seeds, are tiny reddish-brown seeds packed with nutrition and health benefits. Used for centuries in traditional medicine and cooking, they have been valued for their medicinal properties and rich nutrient profile.

These seeds come from Lepidium sativum, an edible herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Originally native to Egypt, the plant is now cultivated worldwide, including in India, where it is primarily grown in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The plant produces light pink or white flowers and tiny seed pods, which are harvested for their seeds.


Halim seeds are also known by different names across regions, such as Holan, Chandrasura, Aliv seeds, and garden cress. With their impressive nutritional value, they have gained popularity as a superfood. Let’s explore the numerous health benefits these tiny seeds have to offer1.

Nutritional Value of Halim Seeds

Halim seeds are packed with the goodness of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, zinc, etc. and phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenols, lectins, tannins, glycosides, etc. The nutritional components and bioactive components of Halim seeds are mentioned below: 

Properties of Halim Seeds

Scientifically proven properties of Halim seeds include: 

Based on my experience, I have found that the extract from halim seeds shows promising potential as an antifungal agent. It has been observed to effectively inhibit the growth of various fungal species. Halim seeds may possess strong antifungal properties, which could be beneficial in the management of fungal infections.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Halim Seeds for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of Halim seeds are described below:  

1. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Type 2 Diabetes 

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia (an increase in blood glucose levels) with reduced or total loss of insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose in the body) function.

Qusti et al. conducted a study4 in 2016 to assess the effects of Halim seeds in diabetic rats. The study showed that Halim seeds showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels. This effect was attributed to the inhibition of molecules which inhibit the insulin pathway. This indicates that Halim seeds may help in managing diabetes. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

2. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Bone Health 

Strong bones reduce the risk of fractures and protect vital organs like the brain and heart from damage. To build strong bones and promote bone healing in fractures, calcium and Vitamin D play an important role.

Dixit et al. conducted a study1 on rats in 2020, stating that Halim seeds may positively impact bone health and help promote bone healing in case of fractures due to the presence of calcium and phosphorus in high amounts. This indicates that Halim seed consumption may have a positive impact on bone fractures, provided more human studies are done to support these claims.

3. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds on Obesity 

Obesity is defined as an excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat in the body. A Body Mass Index (BMI)>25 kg/m2 is defined as overweight, and >30 kg/m2 is considered obese. Reducing body weight may help in managing obesity.

Dixit et al. conducted a study4 in 2020 to assess the effect of Halim seeds on obese rats; the study findings supported the use of Halim seeds for weight loss. This indicates that Halim seed consumption may help manage obesity by reducing weight. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

4. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Breast Cancer 

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Literature reviews support the use of dietary agents and a reduced risk of breast cancer.

Mahassni et al. conducted a literature review5 in 2013, stating Halim seeds contain phytochemicals like organo-sulfur compounds and phytosterols, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and may inhibit cell multiplication, arrest the cancer cell cycle and cause apoptosis (cell death of cancer cells). This indicates that Halim seeds may exert an anti-cancer effect on breast cancer. However, there is limited evidence, and we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

5. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds on Hyperlipidemia 

Hyperlipidemia or hyperlipoproteinemia is defined as an increase in total cholesterol, a reduction in low-density lipoprotein or bad cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein or good cholesterol.

Yousef et al. conducted a study6 in 2014 to assess the effects of Halim seeds on hyperlipidemia; this study states that Halim seeds positively impacted lipid profiles. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of an enzyme, which aids the formation of cholesterol. This indicates that the consumption of Halim seeds may help manage hyperlipidemia. However, more studies should be conducted to claim these effects with more reliability.

In my practice, I have observed that halim seeds may exhibit significant antidiarrheal properties. It is believed to achieve this by inhibiting gastrointestinal propulsion and fluid secretion, resulting in a decreased frequency of bowel movements and reduced fluid loss.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Other Potential Uses of Halim Seeds

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Halim seeds in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Halim seeds on human health.  

How to Use Halim Seeds?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Halim Seeds

According to a study9, it is stated that in addition to the nutritional components, Halim seeds also contain anti-nutrients like phytates and oxalates, which may interfere with the absorption of nutrients.  

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to Halim seeds, it is advised to discontinue their intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed them. They will be able to guide you appropriately.

Also Read: Kayam Churna: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Precautions to Take with Halim Seeds

Consuming Halim seeds is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions8

The safety data regarding the use of Halim seeds in pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly and infants is limited; therefore, it is advised to take necessary cautions if you plan to add this herb to your dietary routine. It is advised to follow precautions and consume it in moderate amounts. 

Consuming Halim seeds is contraindicated in the following situations: 

Also Read: 14 Amazing Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds!

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of Halim seeds with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking8.

Also Read: Chia Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can you use halim seeds for weight loss? 

Yes, animal studies3 show that Halim seeds may help in weight loss. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have any weight-related issues.

Can Halim seeds be used during pregnancy? 

The safety data regarding the use of Halim seeds in pregnancy is limited; therefore, it is advised to take necessary cautions if you plan to add this herb to your dietary routine. It is advised to consult a doctor for proper advice. 

Can Halim seeds be used to manage anaemia? 

Yes, Halim seeds, due to their high iron content, may help in managing iron-deficiency anemia. 

References

  1. Dixit Jr Iii, Vinti et al. “Lepidium sativum: Bone healer in traditional medicine, an experimental validation study in rats.” Journal of family medicine and primary care vol. 9,2 812-818. 28 Feb. 2020, doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_761_19. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7113932/ 
  2. AL Sayed et al. Utilization of garden cress seeds (lepidium sativum L.) as natural source of protein ‎and dietary fiber in noodles – pharmaceutical research and Allied Sciences. Available at: https://ijpras.com/article/utilization-of-garden-cress-seeds-lepidium-sativum-l-as-natural-source-of-protein-and-dietary-fiber-in-noodles (Accessed: December 13, 2022).  
  3. Azene, M., Habte, K. & Tkuwab, H. Nutritional, health benefits and toxicity of underutilized garden cress seeds and its functional food products: a review. Food Prod Process and Nutr 4, 33 (2022). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-022-00114-z.  
  4. Qusti, Safaa et al. “The Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activity of Cress Seed and Cinnamon on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes in Male Rats.” Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM vol. 2016 (2016): 5614564. doi:10.1155/2016/5614564. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972928/ 
  5. Mahassni, Sawsan Hassan, and Roaa Mahdi Al-Reemi. “Apoptosis and necrosis of human breast cancer cells by an aqueous extract of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds.” Saudi journal of biological sciences vol. 20,2 (2013): 131-9. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.12.002. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730895/ 
  6. El-Gindy, Yassmine M et al. “Reproductive performance and milk yield of rabbits fed diets supplemented with garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seed.” Scientific reports vol. 12,1 17083. 12 Oct. 2022, doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21449-0. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9556594/ 
  7. Jain, T., Grover, K. A Comprehensive Review on the Nutritional and Nutraceutical Aspects of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 88, 829–836 (2018). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0775-2 
  8. Lippert A, Renner B. Herb-drug interaction in inflammatory diseases: review of phytomedicine and herbal supplements. J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 12;11(6):1567. doi: 10.3390/jcm11061567. PMID: 35329893; PMCID: PMC8951360. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8951360/
  9. Malhotra U, Sontakke M, Shams R, Pandey VK. Effects of pre-treatments on nutritional and mineral composition of garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum). Food Chem Adv. 2023;3(4):100398. doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100398. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372523403_Effects_of_pre-treatments_on_nutritional_and_mineral_composition_of_garden_cress_seeds_Lepidium_sativum

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Sadabahar (Periwinkle): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Sadabahar or sadaphuli is a small shrub bearing purple, pink, or white flowers throughout the year and hence called “Sadabahar”. Natively called “periwinkle” in English Catharanthus roseus originated in Madagascar. This ornamental plant is cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical areas. Nearly 12 species are identified, out of which two are popular ground covers (a plant that grows over an area of ground). All the species bear single flowers and have opposite leaves. When the flowers are plucked, they exude a milky juice. The flowers bloom in March or April. Alba variety has white flowers, Atropurpurea has purple flowers, and Alboplena bears white flowers. Periwinkle is a rich source of medicinal compounds, and you need to know how nature has encapsulated love and care for all of us with this amazingly beautiful plant. Let us read more about the various health benefits Sadabahar leaves has to offer1

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Sadabahar

Sadabahar leaves and flower petals are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and phytochemicals like vincristine, vinblastine, vincardine, etc. The nutritional components of Sadabahar leaves are mentioned below: 

Nutritional value of Sadabahar leaves2 

The Sadabahar plant might act as a “diuretic.” Taking Sadabahar might make the body less effective at eliminating lithium. Lithium levels may rise as a result, which may have various side effects. I suggest if you are on lithium, see your doctor before consuming Sadabahar in any form. You might need to adjust your lithium dosage.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Sadabahar

Scientifically proven properties of Sadabahar include1

Potential Uses of Sadabahar for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of Sadabahar are described as under:  

1. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Type-2 Diabetes

diabetes

Type-2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by derangements (abnormalities) in blood glucose levels, due to decreased insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose) response or insulin resistance. Nammi et al. conducted a study in 2003 to assess the effects of sadabahar leaf juice on diabetic rats. The findings of this study stated that sadabahar had an anti-diabetic effect, attributed to increased secretion of insulin from beta cells of the pancreas. This indicates that sadabahar leaves may help in managing diabetes. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans3

2. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Hypertension

hypertension

Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure >130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure>80 mm Hg. Sadabahar as an anti-hypertensive (causing a decrease in blood pressure) agent has been used in folklore medicine. Ara et al. conducted a study in 2009 in hypertensive rats fed sadabahar leaves extract. The results of this study supported the use of sadabahar to manage high blood pressure, indicating that it may positively impact blood pressure. However, we need more studies to ascertain these claims in humans4

3. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Cognitive Function

brain

A literature review by Medina et al. In 2010 stated that sadabahar contains chemical compounds called alkaloids which are known to enhance cognitive function. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of an enzyme called phosphodiesterase enzyme. The inhibition of this enzyme increases the levels of bio-molecules known to regulate memory, learning, etc. This indicates that sadabahar can positively impact cognitive function5

4. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Male Pattern Hair Loss

hair loss

Androgenic Alopecia, or male pattern hair loss in men and female pattern hair loss in women, is a patterned and progressive hair loss. A review by Justin et al. was conducted in 2017, stating sadabahar may help manage androgenic alopecia. However, the exact mechanism behind this is unknown, and we need more scientific studies to claim these effects in humans6

5. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Cancer

cancer

Vinca alkaloids are medicinal compounds obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle plant or sadabahar. Vinblastine, an important Vinca alkaloid, has anti-tumour activity and is widely used to manage testicular cancers. Vinorelbine, another alkaloid from sadabahar, finds use for managing breast cancers and osteosarcoma (bone cancer cells). This indicates that sadabahar may help manage cancers. However, the potent anticancer Vinca alkaloids are fully processed, and safety and toxicity are tested before use. We do not promote the use of sadabahar flowers or leaves for managing cancers7

6. Other Potential Uses of Sadabahar

periwinkle

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Sadabahar in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Sadabahar on human health.  

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative illness of the central nervous system, affects 50–60% of people with dementia. It is distinguished by significant memory loss, emotional instability, and personality changes in later life. Studies have shown that the extracts of Sadabahar may aid in Alzheimer’s Disease as it has the potential to stimulate the nervous system. I suggest the consumption of Sadabahar with a doctor’s guidance and avoiding self-medication at all costs.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Sadabahar?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Sadabahar

A few side effects related to the consumption of sadabahar include: 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to Sadabahar, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Also Read: Shankhpushpi: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Precautions to Take with Sadabahar

Consuming Sadabahar is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions: 

Also Read: Sandalwood: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of sadabahar with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking3,9

Also Read: Chitrakadi Vati: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the scientific name of sadabahar? 

The scientific name of sadabahar is Catharanthus roseus1

What are the varieties of sadabahar available in the market? 

Depending on the colour of the flower, two-three varieties are known, these include Alba variety which has white flowers, Atropurpurea which has purple flowers and Alboplena bears white flowers1

Can sadabahar help manage diabetes?  

Yes, animal studies show that sadabahar has an anti-diabetic effect, attributed to increased secretion of insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose) from beta cells of the pancreas.  However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for a proper treatment in case you suffer from diabetes3

Can sadabahar be used in pregnancy? 

The safety data regarding the use of sadabahar in pregnancy and during breastfeeding is limited; therefore it is advised to take necessary cautions if you plan to add this herb to your dietary routine. It is advised to consult a doctor for proper advice11

What are the side effects of sadabahar? 

Loh et al. in 2008 stated that vincristine, an alkaloid derived from sadabahar can cause hair loss, constipation, hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the body) and peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage resulting in pain, weakness, etc). Additionally, the consumption of sadabahar petals or leaves in excess can result in unwanted effects like nausea, vomiting, headache and fever10

References

  1. Dr. Anita Kale. (2021). A scientific review on Sadaphuli in Ayurveda. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 6(3), 94 – 99. Retrieved from https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1309 
  1. Radali, Duarah & Gupta, Alka. (2018). Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) Leaves and Lemongrass (Cympoogon citratus): An Analysis of Their Nutritional Composition, Anti-Nutritional Factors and Antioxidant Content. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7. 2130-2135. 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.253. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326643359_Periwinkle_Catharanthus_roseus_Leaves_and_Lemongrass_Cympoogon_citratus_An_Analysis_of_Their_Nutritional_Composition_Anti-Nutritional_Factors_and_Antioxidant_Content 
  1. Nammi, Srinivas et al. “The juice of fresh leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. reduces blood glucose in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits.” BMC complementary and alternative medicine vol. 3 (2003): 4. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-3-4. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC194756/pdf/1472-6882-3-4.pdf 
  1. Ara, Naznin et al. “Comparison of hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects of Catharanthus roseus leaves extract with atenolol on adrenaline induced hypertensive rats.” Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciencesvol. 22,3 (2009): 267-71. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19553172/ 
  1. Medina, Alexandre E. “Vinpocetine as a potent antiinflammatory agent.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americavol. 107, 22 (2010): 9921-2. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005138107. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890434/ 
  1. Tan, Justin J Y et al. “Bioactives in Chinese Proprietary Medicine Modulates 5α-Reductase Activity and Gene Expression Associated with Androgenetic Alopecia.” Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 8 194. 13 Apr. 2017, doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00194. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5390023/
  1. Moudi, Maryam et al. “Vinca alkaloids.” International journal of preventive medicine vol. 4,11 (2013): 1231-5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3883245/ 
  2. Periwinkle. Available at: https://www.organicindiausa.com/blog/benefits-of-madagascar-periwinkle/
  3. Dey, S. (2017) Periwinkle: A herbal powerhouse, Side Effects & DosageHealthXP. Available at: https://healthxp.in/periwinkle-a-herbal-powerhouse-side-effects-dosage/ (Accessed: December 12, 2022).  
  4. Nejat, Naghmeh et al. “Ornamental exterior versus therapeutic interior of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): the two faces of a versatile herb.” TheScientificWorldJournal vol. 2015 (2015): 982412. doi:10.1155/2015/982412. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312627/ 
  5. Loh, Ky. “Know the Medicinal Herb: Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea).” Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia vol. 3,2 123. 31 Aug. 2008. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170313/ 
  6. Periwinkle (pink or white) (catharanthus roseus): Queensland Poisons Information Centre (2017) Children’s Health Queensland. Available at: https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/poisonous-plant-pink-white-periwinkle-catharanthus-roseus/ (Accessed: December 16, 2022).  

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Kumkumadi Tailam: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Although, it is rightly said that ‘don’t judge a book by its cover’, it’s difficult not to be moved by the glowing face of a person. Beauty is just a higher form of health and healthy-looking skin is always considered beautiful. The basic aim of “Swasthavritta” is to keep a healthy person well by preventing sickness. Kumkumadi tailam, an ancient recipe, includes rare ayurvedic ingredients. High-quality saffron oil is called kumkumadi tailam. This special combination of oils and kumkumadi tailam promotes youthful and healthy-looking skin. Kumkumadi tailam might help to heal uneven skin, brighten skin and add radiance1.

Friendly Reminder: The information shared here is for educational purposes only and the reader should consult a registered medical practitioner before implementing any changes to their health routine.

Ingredients of Kumkumadi Tailam

The kumkumadi tailam is made of ingredients mixed in equal amounts (48gms each) given below2:

Other ingredients used are goat milk, sesame oil, Kesar and rose water Q.S.(quantity sufficient). These ingredients are mixed to finally obtain the ayurvedic preparation called kumkumadi tailam. 

Properties of Kumkumadi Tailam

The potential properties of kumkumadi tailam are: 

Potential Uses of Kumkumadi Tailam for Overall Health

Some of the potential uses of kumkumadi tailam are discussed as follows. 

1. Potential Uses of Kumkumadi Tailam for Reducing Discolouration of Lips 

When kumkumadi tailam is applied locally to the lips, it helps to dilate the blood vessels at the affected lip region. As a result, the active ingredient in the herb may easily penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream through the capillaries at the affected lip areas1.

Nitin Jathar et al. (2020) conducted a study3 on 30 patients suffering from discoloured lips due to smoking. They were treated with kumkumadi tailam by applying it locally. This demonstrated improvement in the lip colour significantly. Since the primary dosha that may cause lip discolouration might be pitta, kumkumadi tailam might improve lip colour by relieving pitta1. This may indicate the potential of kumkumadi tailam in helping in improving lip discolouration. However, there is a need for more studies in this area. You must consult an Ayurvedic physician to understand the exact benefits of the herb for humans. 

Let me tell you about the wonders of kumkumadi tailam. This magical oil can work wonders for your skin! It may act on the inflammation in the top layer of your skin, known as the epidermis. It has chemicals that may change how your skin cells called melanocytes and immune cells behave. By doing so, it might help lighten dark spots and hyperpigmentation2.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

2. Potential Uses of Kumkumadi Tailam for Healing Wounds 

wound healing
Image Source: freepik.com

Many herbs present in the herbal preparation of kumkumadi tailam might have wound-healing properties and anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial characteristics. Combining these herbs might help stop bleeding in wounds and injuries, heal skin ulcers and expedite the regeneration of the tissue in wounds2. These benefits of this herb in the formulation need to be further evaluated by studies. You must consult a doctor before using any herb for its medicinal benefits. 

3.Potential Uses of Kumkumadi Tailam for Reducing Hyperpigmentation 

Image source: freepik.com

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperpigmentation properties might be present in kumkumadi tailam. The formulation might also exhibit anti-ageing, skin hydration, anti-wrinkle, moisturising benefits and potential improvement in skin texture. Thus, using kumkumadi oil for the face can brighten skin, increase skin softness and decreases pigmentation making the skin radiant. It might also decrease the amount of melanin pigment released. Moreover, it may improve skin lustre while reducing the appearance of scars, dark circles under the eyes and hyperpigmentation1,2.

In my opinion, in addition to its potential benefits of kumkumadi tailam for dark spots and hyperpigmentation. It may also help help those struggling with patchy skin. This Ayurvedic formulation may help manage dryness and improve overall skin texture3.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

4. Potential Uses of Kumkumadi Tailam as a Sunscreen 

Image Source: freepik.com

One of the major kumkumadi oil ingredients is saffron. Golmohammadzadeh et al. (2010) studied4 that saffron present in kumkumadi tailam might have properties that can be used as a natural UV-absorbing agent. Thus, it might be used as sunscreen.  

On regular applications, kumkumadi tailam may also remove the damage caused by prolonged sun exposure like sun tan, blemishes, dark spots, etc. However, the studies conducted on the exact benefits of this formulation are insufficient to prove its benefits. It is better to get professional advice from qualified doctors2.

5. Other Potential Uses of Kumkumadi Tailam 

A stressed person - Different types of stress
Image Source: freepik.com

Several other potential uses of kumkumadi tailam need to be studied further to prove its exact efficacy. Some of these are: 

Though there are studies showing the kumkumadi tailam benefits in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of kumkumadi tailam on human health.  

I would suggest giving kumkumadi tailam a try if you’re looking for a natural solution for acne. This ayurvedic product might be beneficial for certain skin disorders, specifically acne5.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Kumkumadi Tailam?

To obtain kumkumadi tailam benefits for the skin, you may take some amount of the oil on your palms, and then gently rub it all over the skin regularly for clear and radiant skin. You may gently apply it on affected areas like lips using your fingers for targeted benefits. It is best to apply it before bedtime1,2

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any kumkumadi tailam supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/kumkumadi tailam preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Kumkumadi Tailam

Kumkumadi tailam is generally considered safe if used in the recommended dosages. Further, the local application of kumkumadi tailam on lips might not cause side effects such as allergic reactions, itching, etc. However, ayurvedic kumkumadi oil side effects cannot be completely denied as herbs may react differently in each person’s skin depending on their condition and body responses. Therefore, you must consult a qualified Ayurvedic doctor before using any herb for medicinal purposes2.  

Also Read: Cardamom (Elaichi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Kumkumadi Tailam

Just like any remedy or treatment, general precautions need to be followed while using kumkumadi tailam. People should take extra precautions before giving them to children, the elderly and pregnant and lactating women. Please do not try to self-medicate with herbs. Ayurvedic herbs may have potential benefits, but it is advisable to consult a qualified Ayurvedic physician before their usage.  

Also Read: Kalmegh: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

The possibility of certain drugs reacting with herbs like kumkumadi tailam cannot be denied. Therefore, you must consult an Ayurvedic physician before using any herbal item in more than the prescribed quantities. Your Ayurvedic physician can appropriately modify the dosage and prescribe as per your current medications, conditions and requirements. 

Also Read: Kodo Millets: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, And More

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the major ayurvedic ingredients of kumkumadi tailam? 

Several Ayurvedic ingredients are mixed together to make the formulation called kumkumadi tailam. A few major ingredients of the kumkumadi oil are: Kumkuma, Usheera, Kaaleeya, Laksha, Yashtimadhu, Chandana, Nyagrodha, Padmaka, Neelotpala, Manjishta, etc1.

What is the method of preparation of kumkumadi tailam?

To prepare kumkumadi tailam, we first need to prepare a coarse powder of all herbs and soak them in water for a few hours. Further, a kwatha can be prepared by boiling this water with herbs until it is reduced to 1/4th of its volume. Then, this decoction can be filtered. Then you can prepare a herbal paste using herbs like Manjistha, Yashtimadhu, Mahua, Lac and Pattanga. Finally, this herbal paste, sesame oil and goat milk are mixed in a vessel, the mixture is boiled and simmered until the oil remains. Once this oil is taken out, we can mix a paste of saffron with rose water into this oil and preserve it in a glass bottle. This final preparation is called kumkumadi tailam2

Is kumkumadi tailam safe to use? 

If consumed in the proper dosages, kumkumadi tailam is usually regarded as safe. Furthermore, patients may not have any negative side effects from the local application of kumkumadi tailam to their lips, such as allergic reactions, irritation, etc. It is better to consult your ayurvedic physician before using any herb for medicinal purposes. 

Does kumkumadi tailam work as a good sunscreen? 

Kumkumadi tailam might have properties that can be used as a natural UV-absorbing agent. It may also reverse sun damage to some extent. However, these properties have yet to be studied extensively. It would be best if you took advice from a qualified doctor before using it. 

Can we use kumkumadi tailam for wound healing? 

The herbs that combine to form kumkumadi tailam may be effective against bacteria, viruses and generalized inflammation in addition to healing of wounds. Combining these herbs may speed up the process of regeneration of wound tissue, stop untimely bleeding in wounds and heal skin ulcers. However, more studies should be conducted to better assess the advantages of using this herb in the formulation. Before utilising any herb for its therapeutic properties, you must visit a doctor. 

References

  1. Jathar DN, Salunkhe DM, Nalawade RJ. The Efficacy Of Kumkumadi Tailam In Discolouration Of Lips Due To Smoking. IJRAR-International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR). 2020 Nov;7 (4):569-74. Available at: https://ijrar.org/papers/IJRAR19D2706.pdf 
  1. Kapse SK, Dharkar N, Patel M. Critical Review Of Kumkumadi Oil And It’s Role On Vyanga. 2020 Dec;11(2):2159-2164 Available at: https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/09c239e085ae065ee48162ac44de2399.pdf 
  2. athar N, Salunkhe MS, Nalawade RJ. The efficacy of Kumkumadi Tailam in discolouration of lips due to smoking. Int J Res Anal Rev (IJRAR). 2020 Nov;7(4):569-574. Available from: https://www.ijrar.org/papers/IJRAR19D2706.pdf
  3. Golmohammadzadeh S, Jaafari MR, Hosseinzadeh H. Does saffron have antisolar and moisturizing effects? Iran J Pharm Res. 2010 Spring;9(2):133-140. PMCID: PMC3862060. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259450201_Does_Saffron_Have_Antisolar_and_Moisturizing_Effects
  4. Prajapati PK, Sharma R, Amrutia A, Patgiri BJ. Physicochemical screening and shelf life evaluation of Kuṅkumādi Ghṛta prepared using Kesara and Nāgakesara. Anc Sci Life. 2017 Jan–Mar;36(3):129–135. doi: 10.4103/asl.ASL_49_15. PMCID: PMC5566823. PMID: 28867856. Available from : https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5566823/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Lotus Seed: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Lotus seed is a quick snack to munch on while watching a movie. Lotus seed is also known as lotus nut or kamal seed. The scientific name of lotus seeds is Nelumbinis semen, derived from the lotus plant, Nelumba nucifera. It has been a functional food, medicine and vegetable for about 7000 years. There are two types of dried lotus seeds, one with white peel and the other with brown peel. Lotus seeds have been extensively produced and cultivated in India, Japan and China. Lotus food has been approved as food and medicine by ‘Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China’. Lotus seeds have fewer calories and are a host of nutrients; therefore, they play an essential part in the functions of the body1. Let us look at some of the health benefits of lotus seeds. 

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Lotus Seed

Lotus seeds may contain several bioactive compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, essential oils and many more. Below are the nutritional components of Lotus seeds:

Properties of Lotus Seed

Several studies have shown that lotus seed may have the following properties: 

Beta-galactosidase, a compound found in lotus seeds, can break the lactose molecule of milk and make it lactose-free. From my experience, the combination of lotus seeds and milk may aid lactose-intolerant people7.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Lotus Seed for Overall Health

Some of the potential uses of lotus seed are: 

1. Potential use of lotus seed for weight management

weight management

Excess weight in the body is due to adipocytes (fat cells). A study1 by Achike et al. in 2011 showed that lotus seeds may inhibit the formation of fat cells and reduce the weight of the fat tissues. In addition, polyphenols found in lotus seeds may improve the lipid profile in the body. However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds can help to manage weight. Therefore, you must consult your dietician before making any diet changes. 

From my perspective, lotus seeds might be your ally in your weight loss journey. Studies9 suggest that the resistant starch from lotus seed has the potential to decrease the blood sugar level and hence may aid in managing weight.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

2. Potential use of lotus seed for Alzheimer’s disease

alzheimer

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which results in memory loss and other mental impairments. Lotus seeds may have neuro-protective effects i.e, it may protect the nerve cells from damage as in the case of Alzheimer’s disease. A study1 by Kim et al. in 2014 showed that proanthocyanidins in lotus seeds may reduce brain ageing and cognitive impairment. In addition, lotus seeds may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by decreasing the harmful free radicals and accumulation of unnecessary calcium. However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds can be beneficial in improving the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. You must consult your doctor if you suspect any symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. 

3. Potential use of lotus seed for depression

depression

A study1 by Sugimoto et al. in 2008 showed that bioactive compounds like saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins may help to reduce anxiety and depression. The alkaloids in lotus seeds may increase the time of sleep. Getting good sleep may help manage depression. However, these studies were conducted on mice. Further studies on humans are required to check if lotus seeds may be beneficial for anxiety and depression. 

4. Potential use of lotus seed for microbial infections

infection

A study1 by Tang et al. in 2017 showed that lotus seeds may have anti-microbial properties. Lotus seeds may disrupt the structure and function of the plasma membrane. Additionally, lotus seeds may inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli., Klebsiella sp., Shigella, and Pseudomonas sp. However, more studies are required to confirm if lotus seeds can be used for microbial infections. You must consult your doctor if you experience any microbial infection. 

5. Potential use of lotus seed for type I and II diabetes

diabetes

A study3 by Mani et al. in 2010 showed that lotus seed might be used in the case of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Various minerals present in lotus seeds may be beneficial for diabetes. For example, zinc in lotus seeds reduces oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes patients and transports glucose to the cells in type 2 diabetes patients. Chromium may increase the number of insulin receptors and glucose metabolism, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds can help to reduce blood glucose levels. You must check your blood sugar levels regularly and consult your doctor in case of abnormal blood sugar levels. 

6. Potential use of lotus seed for cancer

cancer

A study4 by Poornima et al. in 2013 showed that lotus seeds might act against lung cancer. A bioactive compound, nepherine in lotus seed, may kill the cancer-causing cell (apoptosis) and inhibit their growth. However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds may act against cancer. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect cancer instead of self-medicating. 

7. Potential use of lotus seed to relieve pain

body pain and aches

A study5 by Chakravarthi et al. in 2009 showed that the flavonoids in the lotus seeds might help to relieve pain. Lotus seeds may inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which is responsible for releasing pain mediators. However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds can help relieve pain. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you experience prolonged pain. 

8. Potential use of lotus seed as an antioxidant

liver health

A study6 by Rai et al. in 2006 showed that flavonoids in lotus seeds might be responsible for their antioxidant potential. The flavonoids may destabilize the harmful free radicals (molecules in the body) and reduce oxidative stress by removing the free radicals from the body. This would reduce the risk of several diseases like diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, etc1. However, more studies are required to check the antioxidant potential of lotus seeds. 

Though studies show the benefits of lotus seed in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of lotus seed on human health. 

How to Use Lotus Seed?

You can consume lotus seeds in the following ways: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking lotus seeds in large quantities or any herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Lotus seeds are known as a rich source of a compound, phytosterol. I recently read an article suggesting regular consumption of lotus seeds as phytosterol helps to lower cholesterol levels. From my perspective, lotus seeds might be a saviour to help cope with heart diseases8.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Side Effects of Lotus Seed

Excessive consumption of lotus seed may cause the following side effects: 

If you notice any allergic reaction to consuming lotus seed, seek immediate medical attention. First, consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it effectively. 

Also Read: Fennel (Saunf) Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and more!

Precautions to Take with Lotus Seed

You must take the following precautions before consuming lotus seeds: 

Consult your doctor before consuming lotus seeds if you have any pre-existing diseases. 

Also Read: Flax seeds (Alsi): Research-Backed Health Benefits

Interactions with Other Drugs

Lotus seeds may interact with diabetic medicines like insulin. You must consult your doctor before you consume lotus seeds if you are on diabetic medicines.

Also Read: Lotus Stem: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the uses of lotus seeds? 

Lotus seeds may be used to relieve pain, manage weight and reduce blood sugar levels. It may be used to reduce depression and anxiety. Lotus seeds can be used for microbial infections, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, lotus seeds can be used to protect the liver1,6. You must consult your doctor if you suspect any of the mentioned conditions instead of self-medicating.  

Can lotus seeds be used to manage weight? 

Yes, lotus seeds are used to manage weight. Lotus seeds may inhibit the formation of fat cells (adipocytes) and reduce the weight of the fat tissues1. However, you must consult your dietician before making any diet changes. 

Which drugs interact with lotus seeds? 

Lotus seeds may interact with diabetic medicines like insulin. You must consult your doctor before you consume lotus seeds if you are on diabetic medicines. 

How can you consume lotus seeds? 

Lotus seeds can be consumed as cooked, uncooked, ripened or raw. Lotus seeds can be used as roasted or ground and boiled into syrups1. You must consult a qualified doctor before taking lotus seeds in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

What are the side effects of lotus seeds? 

Excessive consumption of lotus seeds may cause side effects. If you are allergic to nuts and seeds, you may also be allergic to lotus seeds. Lotus seeds may cause constipation, flatulence and bloating. If you notice any allergic reaction to consuming lotus seed, seek immediate medical attention. First, consult your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it effectively. 

References

  1. Arooj M, Imran S, Inam‐ur‐Raheem M, Rajoka MS, Sameen A, Siddique R, Sahar A, Tariq S, Riaz A, Hussain A, Siddeeg A. Lotus seeds (Nelumbinis semen) as an emerging therapeutic seed: A comprehensive review. Food Science & Nutrition. 2021 Jul;9 (7):3971-87. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fsn3.2313 
  2. Soumya H, Rachana S, Jasnoor K. A Review on Health Benefits of Lotus Seeds (Nelumbo nucifera). 2019 Dec; 5. 92-96. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337856597_A_Review_on_Health_Benefits_of_Lotus_Seeds_Nelumbo_nucifera 
  3. Mani SS, Subramanian IP, Pillai SS, Muthusamy K. Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of inorganic constituents in Nelumbo nucifera seeds on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Biological trace element research. 2010 Dec;138 (1):226-37. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-010-8614-4 
  4. Poornima P, Weng CF, Padma VV. Neferine, an alkaloid from lotus seed embryo, inhibits human lung cancer cell growth by MAPK activation and cell cycle arrest. Biofactors. 2014 Jan;40 (1):121-31. Available from: https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/biof.1115 
  5. Chakravarthi PV, Gopakumar N, Nair AM, Joy AD. Assessment of analgesic activity of red and white lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera) in albino rats. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2009 Jun 1:224-7. Available from: https://indianjournalsonline.com/index.php/jnr/article/download/244/244 
  6. Zhu M, Liu T, Zhang C, Guo M. Flavonoids of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seed Embryos and Their Antioxidant Potential. J Food Sci. 2017 Aug;82(8):1834-1841. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13784. Epub 2017 Jun 20. PMID: 28631810. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28631810/
  7. Zhong A, Katrolia P, Zhu C, Kopparapu NK. Preparation of low lactose prebiotic milk using β‑galactosidase from lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera). International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2023;58(5):2609–2617. doi:10.1111/ijfs.16413 [cited 2026 Jan 6]. Available from: https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ijfs.16413
  8. Liu D, Pi J, Zhang B, Zeng H, Li C, Xiao Z, Fang F, Liu M, Deng N, Wang J. Phytosterol of lotus seed core powder alleviates hypercholesterolemia by regulating gut microbiota in high‑cholesterol diet‑induced C57BL/6J mice. Food Bioscience. 2023;51:102279. doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102279 [cited 2026 Jan 6]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212429222007386
  9. Punia Bangar S, Dunno K, Kumar M, Mostafa H, Maqsood S. A comprehensive review on lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): Nutritional composition, health‑related bioactive properties, and industrial applications. Journal of Functional Foods. 2022;89:104937. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2022.104937 [cited 2026 Jan 6]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646462200007X

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Ashoka Tree: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

You would come across an Ashoka tree while walking in your building compound or on the streets. The Ashoka tree is considered sacred and legendary in India. In Sanskrit, Asoka or Ashoka means ‘without sorrow’. Ashoka is associated with several traditional beliefs and is sacred to the Hindu God of love, Kamadeva. It is believed that Gautama Siddhartha, the founder of Buddhism, was born under the Ashoka tree. The scientific name of the Ashoka tree is Saraca asoca, which belongs to the Caesalpinaceae family. Ashoka tree is native to India and is found all over India, especially in the Himalayas, Kerala, Bengal and the southern regions. The Ashoka tree has been used extensively in Ayurveda1. Let us look at some of the health benefits of the Ashoka tree. 

Nutritional Value of Ashoka Tree

Ashoka plants may contain several bioactive compounds like saponins, steroids, proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, and many more1. Ashoka tree leaves and flowers may contain the following components: 

Did you know that in Sri Lanka, the traditional medicine called Asokaristha is used to tackle menstrual disorders like menorrhagia? The key component of this medicinal preparation is the bark of the Ashoka tree. However, additional studies have been conducted to understand the scientific basis behind its effectiveness10.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Ashoka Tree

Several studies have shown that the Ashoka tree may have the following properties: 

Did you know that the bark of the Ashoka tree might aid various conditions like indigestion, dysentery, piles, irregular menstruation, and sores? And guess what? The dried flowers of the tree may be used in syphilis and haemorrhage11!

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Potential Uses of Ashoka Tree for Overall Health

Some of the potential Ashoka tree uses are: 

1. Potential Use of Ashoka Tree for Cancer

A study3 by Cibin et al. in 2012 showed that flavonoids from Ashoka tree flowers might reduce the number of tumours in skin cancer. This is because it may destabilise the free radicals (harmful molecules in the body) and reduce oxidative degradation of lipids (fats). Additionally, flavonoids from the Ashoka tree may reduce the enzymes like glutathione peroxide, catalase and ornithine decarboxylase, which may be responsible for causing skin cancer. However, these studies were conducted on animals; therefore, further studies on humans are required to check if the Ashoka tree can act against cancer. You must immediately consult your doctor if you suspect any symptoms of cancer. 

2. Potential Use of Ashoka Tree for Bacterial Infections

A study2 by Shirolkar et al. in 2012 showed that catechins in Ashoka tree bark and leaves might show antimicrobial activity. The catechins may inhibit the growth of bacteria. It may act against infections caused by bacteria like E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureas, and many more. However, further studies are required to check if the Ashoka tree may be beneficial for bacterial infections. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect any bacterial infection. 

3. Potential Use of Ashoka Tree for Heart Diseases

A study5 by Swamy et al. in 2013 showed that bioactive compounds like β-sitosterol and epicatechin in the Ashoka tree might reduce the risk of heart disease. Ashoka tree may reduce bad cholesterol levels by destabilizing the body’s free radicals (harmful molecules) and reduce oxidative degradation of lipids (fats). High cholesterol levels in the body may increase the risk of heart diseases; therefore, antioxidant activity may contribute to protecting the heart. However, further large-scale studies on humans are required to investigate if the Ashoka tree may be beneficial in reducing the risk of heart diseases. Therefore, you must immediately consult your doctor if you suspect any symptoms of heart disease. 

4. Potential Use of Ashoka Tree for Arthritis

A study4 by Gupta et al. in 2014 showed that the flavonoids like quercetin and gallic acid in the Ashoka tree may reduce inflammation caused in arthritis. The inflammation may be reduced by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines (molecules in the body responsible for causing inflammation).  However, further studies are required to check if the Ashoka tree may be beneficial for arthritis. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect arthritis instead of self-medicating. 

5. Potential Use of Ashoka Tree for Stomach Ulcers

A study6 by Maruthappan et al. in 2009 showed that flowers of the Ashoka tree might help to reduce stomach ulcers. The results suggested that the Ashoka tree may reduce lesions, inflammation and acid secretion to reduce stomach ulcers. However, these studies were conducted on animals; therefore, further large-scale studies on humans are required to check if the Ashoka tree may be beneficial for stomach ulcers. You must consult your doctor if you suspect ulcers. 

6. Potential Use of Ashoka Tree for Diabetes

A study7 by Mishra et al. in 2014 showed that bioactive compounds like phytosterol, flavonoids and saponins in the Ashoka tree might be beneficial for type II diabetes. These bioactive compounds may increase the secretion of insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels). Additionally, it may reduce blood sugar levels. However, further large-scale studies on humans are required to check if the Ashoka tree may be beneficial for diabetes. You must consult your doctor if you have abnormal sugar levels. 

7. Potential Use of Ashoka Tree for Reducing Pain

A study by Verma et al. in 2010 showed that intake of leaf extracts of the Ashoka tree may help to relieve pain. The bioactive compounds like tannins, triterpenoids, saponin, flavonoids and glycosides in the Ashoka tree might help to reduce pain. However, further studies are required to check if the Ashoka tree may be beneficial in reducing pain. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you experience pain for a prolonged period. 

8. Potential Use of Ashoka Tree for Depression

A study9 by Gill et al. in 2017 showed that flavonoids and phenols in the Ashoka tree might help to reduce depression. These bioactive compounds may increase the antioxidants in the brain and reduce oxidative stress by destabilizing harmful free radicals. This may reduce the symptoms of depression. However, further large-scale studies on humans are required to check if the Ashoka tree may be beneficial for depression. Therefore, you must consult a doctor if you suspect symptoms of depression. 

Though studies show the benefits of the Ashoka tree in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of the Ashoka tree on human health. 

It’s interesting to note that the Ashoka tree might be beneficial in detoxifying the body and naturally purifying the blood. This may help to keep skin allergies away. It’s amazing how this natural remedy offers multiple benefits for overall well-being11!

Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

How to Use Ashoka Tree?

Various parts of the Ashoka tree can be consumed in the following ways1

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking Ashoka tree in large quantities or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Did you know that the Ashoka tree is like a superhero for your skin? Its root, bark, and seed extracts may have incredible powers to tackle a wide range of skin issues! From fighting off acne and eczema to reducing freckles and even enhancing skin complexion, this tree with its various parts might be a true skin saviour12.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Side Effects of Ashoka Tree

Various natural preparations made from parts of the Ashoka tree has no specific side effects. However, if any reaction is noticed on using it, seek immediate medical attention. Consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it effectively. 

Also Read: Shilajit: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects By Dr. Anuja Bodhare

Precautions to Take with Ashoka Tree

The following precautions must be taken before consuming the Ashoka tree: 

It is advised to consult your doctor before consuming a preparation made from parts of the Ashoka tree if you have any pre-existing diseases. 

The Ashoka herb has special benefits for the endometrium (lining of the uterus) and uterine muscles. This might make it a helpful uterine tonic for addressing irregular menstrual cycles and avoiding miscarriages.

Dr. Ashok Pal, BAMS

Also Read: Rhubarb: Uses, Benefits, Side effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode  

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is not enough evidence on the interaction of the Ashoka tree with other drugs. Further studies on the interaction of the Ashoka tree are required. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming Ashoka tree. 

Also Read: Atibala: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the Ashoka tree medicinal uses? 

There are several medicinal uses of Ashoka tree. Ashoka tree may act against cancer. It may be used for bacterial infections, arthritis, ulcers and depression. Ashoka tree may protect the heart and help to reduce blood sugar levels. Additionally, the Ashoka tree may help to relieve pain. However, you must consult your doctor if you experience symptoms of the mentioned conditions instead of self-medicating. 

How do you consume different parts of the Ashoka tree? 

Various parts of the Ashoka tree can be consumed. The bark of the Ashoka tree can be powdered and consumed with honey. The decoction of the bark of the Ashoka tree can be consumed with milk. Ashoka tree can be consumed as ayurvedic medicines in the form of Asokarishta and Asokaghrita. However, you must consult a qualified doctor before using such preparations. 

What precautions should be taken before consuming any part of the Ashoka tree? 

Pregnant and breastfeeding women should be careful before consuming any parts of the Ashoka tree. People with heart disease should also be careful before consuming any parts of the Ashoka tree. You should consult a doctor before consuming the leaf or flower of the Ashoka tree if you have any pre-existing diseases. 

What are the side effects of consuming a part of the Ashoka tree? 

Various natural preparations made from parts of the Ashoka tree have no specific side effects. However, if any reaction is noticed on using it, seek immediate medical attention. Consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it effectively. 

What is the nutritional value of the Ashoka tree?


Ashoka leaves and flowers may contain bioactive compounds like tannins, steroids, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids and many more. 

References

  1. Athiralakshmy TR, Divyamol AS, Nisha P. Phytochemical screening of Saraca asoca and antimicrobial activity against bacterial species. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research. 2016;6(2):30-6. Available from: https://www.imedpub.com/articles-pdfs/phytochemical-screening-of-saraca-asoca-and-antimicrobial-activity-against-bacterial-species.pdf 
  2. Shirolkar A, Gahlaut A, Chhillar AK, Dabur R. Quantitative analysis of catechins in Saraca asoca and correlation with antimicrobial activity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2013 Dec 1;3(6):421-8. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095177913000117 
  3. Sharma M, Sharma A, Soni A, et al. Chemoprevention of skin cancer by the flavonoid fraction of Saraca asoka. J Dermatol Sci. 2009;55(3):226-34. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26677759_Chemoprevention_of_Skin_Cancer_by_the_Flavonoid_Fraction_of_Saraca_asoka#:~:text=and%20fatty%20acids.-,…,6).%20…
  4. Ghatak A, Nair S, Vajpayee A. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and LC-MS characterization of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De.Wilde. Int J Adv Res. 2015;3(5):318-27. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277477244_Evaluation_of_antioxidant_activity_total_phenolic_content_total_flavonoids_and_LC-MS_characterization_of_Saraca_asoca_Roxb_DeWilde
  5. Prasad S, Younis K, Yousuf O. Investigating potent cardioprotective compounds as ACE inhibitors in Saraca asoca. Toxicol Rep. 2024 Sep 10;13:101731. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101731. PMID: 39309635; PMCID: PMC11416659. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11416659/
  6. Mohan C, Kistamma S, Vani P, Reddy AN. Biological activities of different parts of Saraca asoca, an endangered valuable medicinal plant. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2016;5(3):269-276. Available from: https://www.ijcmas.com/5-3-2016/Ch.%20Mohan,%20et%20al.pdf
  7. Tran N, Pham B, Le L. Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Biology (Basel). 2020 Aug 28;9(9):252. doi: 10.3390/biology9090252. PMID: 32872226; PMCID: PMC7563488. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7563488/
  8. Ghosh A, Saha A, Ghosh D, et al. Analgesic activity of various leaf extracts of Saraca indica Linn. Pharmacognosy Res. 2014;6(2):107-10. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256547569_Analgesic_Activity_of_Various_Leaf_Extracts_of_Saraca_indica_Linn#:~:text=Citations%20(14)-,References%20(15),%2C%202014).%20…
  9. Ahmad SR, Ghosh P. A systematic investigation on flavonoids, catechin, β‑sitosterol and lignin glycosides from Saraca asoca (ashoka) having anti‑cancer & antioxidant properties with no side effect. J Indian Chem Soc. 2021;99:100293. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019452221002934#:~:text=Numerous%20antioxidant%20compounds%20like%20flavonoids%2C%20catechin%2C%20beta%2Dsitosterol%2C,associated%20with%20the%20development%20of%20cancer%20conditions.
  10. Middelkoop TB, Labadie RP. The action of Saraca asoca Roxb. de Wilde bark on the PGH2 synthetase enzyme complex of the sheep vesicular gland. Z Naturforsch C Biosci. 1985 Jul-Aug;40(7-8):523-6. doi: 10.1515/znc-1985-7-812. PMID: 3931371. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3931371/
  11. Smitha GR, Thondaiman V. Reproductive biology and breeding system of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde: a vulnerable medicinal plant. Springerplus. 2016 Nov 28;5(1):2025. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3709-9. PMID: 27995002; PMCID: PMC5125291. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5125291/
  12. Nyeem MA, Haque MS, Haq MO, Nuruzzaman M, Uddin H, Islam R. Ashoka (Saraca indica) as women friendly plant: A review. Natl J Adv Res. 2017;3(2):03‑07. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355955294_Ashoka_Saraca_indica_as_women_friendly_plant_A_review

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Rambutan: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Rambutan is a fascinating looking red spiky fruit with soft thorns in red, yellow, and green shades. It is also known as a hairy fruit. It is a tropical, ovoid shaped fruit with a red or yellow fruit wall. The Rambutan tree is originally from Malaysia, and its name is derived from the Malay word ‘rambut’ which means hair. Rambutan is popularly grown in India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and some humid parts of the United States. The scientific name of rambutan is Nephelium lappaceum, and it belongs to the family Sapindaceae. Rambutan pulp, seeds and peel have several bioactive compounds that may benefit food, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and cosmetics advances1. Let us glance through some of the benefits of eating rambutan and experience the unique rambutan taste, characterized by its sweet and juicy profile with hints of floral notes.

Nutritional Value of Rambutan

Rambutan seeds, peel and pulp may contain several bioactive compounds like polyphenols, including ellagitannins, geraniin, corilagin, and ellagic acid. It may contain fatty acids like arachidonic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and many more1. Furthermore, Rambutan fruit may contain the following nutrients: 

Did you know?

Properties of Rambutan

Several studies have shown that rambutan may have the following properties: 

Rambutan seeds are roasted and eaten as snacks in the Philippines. Munching on these seeds as a morning or evening snack not only satisfies your taste buds but also offers rambutan benefits for health and well-being14.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Benefits of Rambutan For Overall Health

Some of the potential rambutan benefits are: 

1. Potential Benefits of Rambutan as an Antioxidant

Rambutan

A study3 by Hernàndez et al. in 2017 showed that rambutan might be an antioxidant. The antioxidant potential of rambutan may be due to phytochemical compounds like phenols, flavonoids, corilagin, geraniin, and ellagic acid. These compounds may deactivate the free radicals (harmful molecules present in the body) and protect the body from various damages. 

2. Potential Benefits of Rambutan for Cancer

cancer

A study by Perumal et al. in 2020 showed that rambutan might act against breast, bone, cervical and liver cancer. The anticancer activity of rambutan may be due to bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and other phenolic compounds like geraniin. Rambutan benefits may show apoptosis (kill the cancer cells) and inhibit their growth. However more studies are required to check if rambutan can be used against cancer. Cancer is a serious disease therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect cancer instead of self-medicating. 

3. Potential Benefits of Rambutan for Reducing Sugar Levels

regulates blood sugar

Rambutan is a delicious tropical fruit that might offer potential benefits for diabetes management. A study by Muhtadi et al. in 2016, conducted on rats, suggested that bioactive compounds found in rambutan, such as catechin, quercetin, polyphenols, geraniin, and tannins, could contribute to reducing blood sugar levels. These compounds may help inhibit glucose absorption by the cells and stimulate insulin secretion, potentially assisting in the maintenance of normal blood sugar levels. It’s important to note that this study was conducted on animals, and further research on humans is needed to confirm the potential rambutan benefits for diabetes. If you have diabetes it’s essential to monitor your blood sugar levels regularly and consult with your healthcare provider for appropriate guidance.

4. Potential Benefits of Rambutan for Dengue

mosquito

A study6 by Ahmad et al. in 2015 showed that geraniin in rambutan might have anti-viral activity and act against DENV-2 (dengue virus type-2). Geraniin may inhibit the attachment of the dengue virus to the body cells and may also interfere with a viral protein (E protein) to disrupt the infection process. However, further studies are required to check if rambutan may act against the dengue virus. Therefore you must immediately consult your doctor if you suspect any symptoms of dengue. 

5. Potential Benefits of Rambutan to Reduce Inflammation

reduces inflammation

A study7 by Chingsuwanrote et al. in 2015 showed that the polyphenols in rambutan might reduce inflammation. The polyphenols may inhibit the secretion of TNFα, an inflammatory cytokine (molecules in the body responsible for inflammation). However, more studies are required to check if rambutan has anti-inflammatory properties. 

6. Potential Benefits of Rambutan for Bacterial Infections

infection

A study8 by Phuong et al. in 2020 showed that bioactive compounds in rambutan, like tannins, corilagin, geraniins, and ellagic acid, may possess antibacterial activity. Various bioactive compounds have different ways of showing their antibacterial activity. Tannins may change the structure of the cell wall and cell membrane. Ellagic acid may attach to the cell wall and destabilize it. Corilagin may inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting cell permeability. However, more large scale studies are required to check the antibacterial effect of rambutan. Therefore you must consult your doctor if you suspect a microbial infection. 

7. Potential Benefits of Rambutan for Controlling Blood Pressure

A study9 by Fang et al in 2018 suggested that rambutan fruit benefits might extend to lowering blood pressure. Specifically, geraniin found in rambutan may play a role in reducing blood pressure by decreasing the release of noradrenaline (a hormone that increases blood pressure) and relaxing tension in the blood vessels. Further research involving human subjects is needed to confirm these effects. It’s essential to consult your doctor if you have abnormal blood pressure instead of attempting self-medication.

Though studies show the benefits of rambutan in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of rambutan on human health. 

Researchers are evaluating the anti-HIV, anti-dengue and anti-allergic properties of Rambutan. These activities have been observed during lab trials more research is needed to support these claims14.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Rambutan?

Rambutan can be consumed in the following way: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking large quantities of Rambutan or other herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Side Effects of Rambutan

Rambutan side effects are reported as follows: 

If you notice any reaction by consuming rambutan, seek immediate medical attention. First, consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it. 

Precautions to Take with Rambutan

The following precautions can be taken before consuming rambutan: 

It is advised to consult your doctor before consuming if you have any pre-existing diseases. 

Conclusion

There is not enough evidence on the interaction of rambutan with other drugs. Further studies on the interaction of rambutan are required. Therefore you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming rambutan. 

Also Read: Nirgundi: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are Rambutan fruit side effects? 

Rambutan may cause nausea and vomiting, angioedema (swelling of the lower layer of skin), urticaria (swollen, reddened, and itchy skin), flushing of the skin (sudden redness of the skin), chest tightness, and wheezing11

Is Rambutan good for diabetes? 

Bioactive compounds in rambutan, like catechin, quercetin, polyphenols, geraniin, and tannins, may help to reduce blood sugar5. However, you must check your blood sugar levels regularly and consult your doctor in case of abnormal blood sugar levels

What precautions must be taken with Rambutan?

Rambutan is considered safe, but pregnant and breastfeeding mothers shall take precautions before consuming rambutan12. Saponins and tannins are phytochemicals, and they are biologically active compounds. But in a few cases, saponins and tannins may be toxic to a few people. In addition, rambutan seeds may be narcotic (causes sleepiness and affects mood)13. It is advised to consult your doctor if you have any pre-existing diseases before consuming. 

Can Rambutan seeds be eaten?

Rambutan seeds are generally not recommended for consumption as they can be bitter and potentially toxic. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance regarding your dietary choices and potential risks associated with consuming rambutan seeds.

Can Rambutan cause sore throat?

While rambutan consumption is not commonly associated with sore throat, individual reactions may vary. If you experience a sore throat after consuming rambutan or suspect any adverse reactions, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a personalized assessment and guidance.

Can Rambutan make you sick?

Consuming rambutan is generally safe for most individuals. However, if you experience digestive discomfort, allergies, or any adverse reactions after consuming rambutan, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper assessment and personalized guidance to determine the cause of the illness.

Can Rambutan increase uric acid?

Rambutan is not a known food source that significantly increases uric acid levels. However, individual reactions can vary, and those with gout or uric acid concerns should consume it in moderation and monitor their own body’s response. If you have specific health concerns, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable for personalized guidance.

Are Rambutans good for dogs?

Rambutan should be avoided for dogs as it can pose a choking hazard due to its large seed and may not provide significant nutritional benefits for them. It’s best to consult with a veterinarian for guidance on safe and appropriate treats for your pet.

Can Rambutan cause stomach pain?

Rambutan is typically safe to eat, but for some individuals, overconsumption or sensitivity to certain compounds in the fruit might lead to stomach discomfort or pain. If you experience stomach pain after consuming rambutan, consult a healthcare professional to rule out any allergies or sensitivities and to ensure it aligns with your dietary choices.

Can Rambutan cause constipation?

While rambutan is generally not associated with causing constipation, excessive consumption or dietary factors could potentially lead to this issue in some individuals. If you encounter constipation after eating rambutan, consult a healthcare professional to assess your dietary choices and address any underlying causes.

Can Rambutan cause acne?

Rambutan is not commonly linked to causing acne. However, an individual’s skin reactions can vary, and it’s possible that consuming rambutan, especially in excessive amounts, might lead to skin issues for some people. Consulting a healthcare professional or dermatologist can help identify any specific triggers and address potential skin concerns.

Can Rambutan cause cough?

Rambutan is not a known cause of cough. Coughing can result from various factors such as infections, allergies, or irritants. If you experience persistent coughing after consuming rambutan, consult a healthcare professional to rule out any allergies or underlying respiratory issues.

Can Rambutan cause miscarriage?

There is no scientific evidence to suggest that rambutan can cause a miscarriage. However, during pregnancy, it’s crucial to be cautious about your dietary choices and consult a healthcare professional for guidance on safe and healthy eating practices to support a healthy pregnancy.

Can Rambutan cause diarrhea?

Rambutan consumption is generally safe, but excessive intake may lead to diarrhea in some individuals due to its natural sugars and dietary fiber. If you experience persistent or severe diarrhea after eating rambutan, consult a healthcare professional to assess any underlying issues and ensure proper hydration and dietary choices.

How to eat Rambutan?

To eat rambutan, start by making a shallow cut around the circumference of the fruit’s skin, being careful not to cut too deep. Then, gently twist the fruit open, revealing the juicy flesh inside. Remove the seed and enjoy the sweet and slightly tangy fruit.

Is Rambutan a tree nut?

No, rambutan is not a tree nut. It is a tropical fruit belonging to the Sapindaceae family and is botanically related to lychee and longan. While it may trigger allergies in some individuals, it is not classified as a tree nut allergen.

References

  1. Hernández-Hernández C, Aguilar CN, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Flores-Gallegos AC, Morlett-Chávez J, Govea-Salas M, Ascacio-Valdés JA. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.): Nutritional and functional properties. Trends in food science & technology. 2019 Mar 1;85:201-10. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/391314241_Antiviral_Activity_of_Rambutan_Peel_Polyphenols_Obtained_Using_Green_Extraction_Technology_and_Solvents
  2. Rambutan, canned, syrup pack [Internet]. FoodData Central. [cited 2022Dec1]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168167/nutrients 
  3. Hernández C, Ascacio-Valdés J, De la Garza H, Wong-Paz J, Aguilar CN, Martínez-Ávila GC, Castro-López C, Aguilera-Carbó A. Polyphenolic content, in vitro antioxidant activity and chemical composition of extract from Nephelium lappaceum L.(Mexican rambutan) husk. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2017 Dec 1;10(12):1201-5. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995764517311641 
  4. Perumal A, AlSalhi MS, Kanakarajan S, Devanesan S, Selvaraj R, Tamizhazhagan V. Phytochemical evaluation and anticancer activity of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit endocarp extracts against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021 Mar 1;28(3):1816-25. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X2030680X 
  5. Muhtadi M, Haryoto H, Sujono TA, Suhendi A. Antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemia activities of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) fruit peel extracts. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2016 Apr 30;6(4):190-4. Available from: https://japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/1848_pdf.pdf 
  6. Ahmad SA, Palanisamy U, Tejo BA, Hassan SS. Geraniin extracted from the Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan) rind inhibits dengue virus type-2. International conference and expo on drug discovery and designing, Frankfurt 2015. Available from: https://www.longdom.org/conference-abstracts-files/2169-0138.S1.008-024.pdf 
  7. Chingsuwanrote P, Muangnoi C, Parengam K, Tuntipopipat S. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of durian and rambutan pulp extract. International Food Research Journal. 2016 Aug 1;23(3). Available from: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/23%20(03)%202016/(5).pdf 
  8. Phuong NN, Le TT, Van Camp J, Raes K. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extracts. International journal of food microbiology. 2020 May 16;321:108539. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160520300337 
  9. Phang SC, Palanisamy UD, Kadir KA. Effects of geraniin (rambutan rind extract) on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in rats fed high-fat diet. Journal of integrative medicine. 2019 Mar 1;17(2):100-6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095496419300081 
  10. Thulaja NR. Rambutan [Internet]. Infopedia. [cited 2022Dec1]. Available from: https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=f5af61c8-6be6-4ec3-bc4e-d6a4c08c55b8
  11. Jirapongsananuruk O, Jirarattanasopa N, Pongpruksa S, Vichyanond P, Piboonpocanun S. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a major allergen in rambutan-induced anaphylaxis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2011 Jun 1;106(6):545-7. Available from: https://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(11)00188-8/abstract 
  12. Diana R, Rachmayanti RD, Anwar F, Khomsan A, Christianti DF, Kusuma R. Food taboos and suggestions among Madurese pregnant women: a qualitative study. Journal of Ethnic Foods. 2018 Dec 1;5(4):246-53. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352618118301446 
  13. Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum L. Euphoria nephelium DC. Dimocarpus crinita Lour. [Internet]. Rambutan. [cited 2022Dec2]. Available from: https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/rambutan.html
  14. Afzaal M, Saeed F, Bibi M, Ejaz A, Shah YA, Faisal Z, Ateeq H, Akram N, Asghar A, Shah MA. Nutritional, pharmaceutical, and functional aspects of rambutan in industrial perspective: An updated review. Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Apr 19;11(7):3675-3685. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3379. PMID: 37457167; PMCID: PMC10345721. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10345721/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Red Sandalwood: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Red Sandalwood, commonly called Raktachandan or Red Sanders. It is scientifically known as Pterocarpus santalinus and belongs to the family Fabaceae. Red Sandalwood is a highly-valued wood having a commercial value ranging from eight lakh to twelve lakhs per ton as per Government rates. It is a small-sized tree with a hard, dark purple wood part at the centre called the heartwood, which has a bitter flavour. The Raktachandan tree is native to India and is well distributed in dry and hilly regions of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, West Bengal and Maharashtra. Red Sandalwood is considered sacred in Hindu culture and is extensively used for many rituals. Hence, red Sandalwood has different common names, such as Lal Chandan, Yerra Chandanamu, Tambada Chandana, Agaru Gandhami, Rakt Chandan, Patrangam, etc1,2.​​ Read along to learn more about the health benefits of red Sandalwood, its bioactive components, properties, uses and more. 

Bioactive Compounds of Red Sandalwood

Red Chandan may include the following minerals: 

The major bioactive compound of Red Sandalwood may be santalin which imparts a distinct red colour. Red Chandan may also contain biologically active compounds like phenols, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, sterols, tannins, isoflavones, glucosides, savinin and calocedrin1,2

Properties of Red Sandalwood

Red Sandalwood may have the following properties: 

Potential Uses of Red Sandalwood

Red Sandalwood may benefit human health2. The following may be the potential uses of Red Sandalwood: 

1. Potential Uses of Red Sandalwood for Skin

skin

A study2 by Sandra et al. in 1996 found that red Sandalwood for the face may reduce skin diseases. Red sandalwood powder may have antibacterial effects against certain bacteria causing acne and pimples reducing the chances of getting acne or pimple. A freshly made Lal Chandan paste may contain the bioactive compound santalin A and santalin B. When applied on the face, it may help relieve the itchy red rash and mild swelling of the skin. Red Sandalwood may also reduce prickly heat due to its anti-microbial activity. However, further clinical studies are required to develop a true scope of red Sandalwood for skin diseases. If you have skin abnormalities, consult a dermatologist. Do not self-medicate. 

I highly recommend the use of red sandalwood in your daily skincare routine. Red sandalwood might be your ally in your journey to flawless skin. Because of its cooling qualities, red sandalwood may aid in the eradication of tan and dryness. Apply red sandalwood paste on the skin and witness astonishing transformations gradually6.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

2. Potential Uses of Red Sandalwood for Diarrhoea and Dysentery

digestion problems

Red Sandalwood may relieve your issues related to your stomach. According to Kondeti et al., 20101, the decoction infusion made from Lal Chandan may be used as a tonic to relieve chronic dysentery. In addition, the red sandalwood bark powder may have cooling properties. It may be used to prepare soft porridge and to stop diarrhoea. Furthermore, studies are needed in humans to suggest the true effects of red Sandalwood for managing diarrhoea in humans. Therefore, consult your doctor in case of stomach-related problems. Do not self-medicate. 

3. Potential Uses of Red Sandalwood for Inflammation

reduces inflammation

An animal study3 by Ratnamraju et al. (2018 found that red Sandalwood may have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. It may help reduce inflammation as well as the pain associated with it. When the animals were given the decoction of Lal Chandan powder, it showed positive results against acute inflammation compared with the standard drug ibuprofen. Hence, red Sandalwood may be effective against inflammation. However, this study is insufficient as it is an animal study. Therefore, more human studies are needed to claim the uses of red Sandalwood. Consult a qualified physician and do not self-medicate. 

4. Potential Uses of Red Sandalwood for Diabetes

diabetes

Red Sandalwood may have a blood sugar-lowering ability. Lal Chandan may be used as a traditional, Folklore medicine to manage diabetes. As per Nagaraju et al. in 1991, drinking water in cups made from Red Sandalwood may be beneficial against diabetes. Another study by Apparao et al. in 2005 found that Red Sandalwood might benefit blood glucose levels by reducing the high levels of fats or lipids due to diabetes1,2. Thus, Lal Chandan may be used for managing diabetes in humans. However, the latest interventions on humans are needed to suggest the benefits of red Sandalwood for diabetes. If you have a diabetes problem consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.  

Other Potential Uses of Red Sandalwood

Snake bite

Though studies show the potential uses of red Sandalwood in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a necessity for further studies to develop the scope of the benefits of red Sandalwood on human health.  

I recently read an article that suggests using sunscreen containing extracts of red sandalwood may give better sun protection. The red sandalwood has natural colouring properties along with better UV absorption nature5.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Red Sandalwood?

Red Sandalwood may be classified as a spice extract due to its santalin compound, which gives it a red colour. You may use Red Chandan: 

You should consult a qualified doctor before using red Sandalwood in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal red sandalwood preparation without consulting an Ayurvedic doctor. They will guide you with its form and dosage per your health condition. 

Side Effects of Red Sandalwood

Red Sandalwood in minimum amounts might be safe. However, a case report4 by Sandra et al., 1996 found that red Sandalwood may develop allergic contact dermatitis (inflammation). In addition, the side effects of red sandalwood powder on face may cause itchy erythema (skin redness) and mild oedema(swelling).​ If any side effects are seen after using red Sandalwood, immediately consult your doctors and get proper treatment. 

Also Read: Akarkara (Pellitory): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Precautions to Take with Red Sandalwood

Using Lal Chandan in larger amounts is not recommended. The following precautions are necessary:  

Also Read: Chironji (Charoli): Uses, Benefits, Precautions, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

More studies are required to establish the interactions between red Sandalwood and drugs. Therefore, one must take medical consultations with an Ayurvedic doctor. They will guide you to use red Sandalwood as a herb.  

Also Read: Kutajarishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the common names of Red Sandalwood? 

The common names of Red Sandalwood are Raktachandan, Red Sanders, Lalchandan, Patrangam, Ratha sandanam, Tambada Chandana, Agaru gandhami and Yerra chandanamu1.  

What are the side effects of Red Sandalwood? 

The side effects of red Sandalwood may be itchy erythema (redness) or oedema (swelling) in affected areas4. If any side effects appear, consult a doctor and get appropriate treatment. 

What are the properties of Raktachandan powder? 

The properties of Raktachandan powder may include anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties3

What are Red Sandalwood’s medicinal uses for diabetes? 

Red Sandalwood benefits may help reduce high blood sugar levels. It may reduce the high lipid levels in the body, which might affect glucose levels. If you drink water in cups made from Red Sandalwood, it might be effective against diabetes1.2. However, diabetes is a very serious condition it requires proper diagnosis and treatment. Do not self-medicate. 

What is the main component of Red Sandalwood? 

The main component of Red Sandalwood is called santalin, which imparts a distinct dark red colour1

References

​​1. Azamthulla M, Rajkapoor B. A Review on Pterocarpus Santalinus Linn. World J Pharm Res. 2015;4(2):282–92. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad-Azamthulla-2/publication/319930091_A_REVIEW_ON_PTEROCARPUS_SANTALINUS_LINN/links/59c1f8e3a6fdcc69b92bd26f/A-REVIEW-ON-PTEROCARPUS-SANTALINUS-LINN.pdf 

​2. Soundararajan V. A Review on Red Sanders (Pterocarpus Santalinus Linn.) -Phyto-Chemistry and Pharmacological Importance. World J of Pharm And Pharma Sci. 2016. p. 667–89. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344360474_A_REVIEW_ON_RED_SANDERS_PTEROCARPUS_SANTALINUS_LINN_-PHYTO-CHEMISTRY_AND_PHARMACOLOGICAL_IMPORTANCE 

​3. Ratnamraju V, Dhande P, Gupta A, Vaz N. Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Oral Decoction of Pterocarpus Santalinus Bark Wood Powder in Acute Inflammation Model. Interna J of Pharma Sci and Res. 2018;9(10):4368–72. Available from: https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/anti-inflammatory-and-analgesic-activity-of-oral-decoction-of-pterocarpus-santalinus-bark-wood-powder-in-acute-inflammation-model/ 

​4. Sandra A, Shenoi S, Srinivas C. Allergic contact dermatitis from red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus). Contact Dermatitis [Internet]. 1996 [cited 2022 Dec 6];34(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8789238/ 

5. Nanda S, Madan K. Augmentation of aesthetic and antisolar attributes of a sunscreen cream by methanolic extract of Raktchandan (Pterocarpus santalinus). Indian Drugs. 2022 Jun;59(6):67-70. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/4jsk4d9k

6. Banerjee, D., Kumar, M., & Mukopadayay, S. (2022). Formulation and evaluation of herbalbody lotion: A review. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S2), 13342²13349. Available from: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/431153-formulation-and-evaluation-of-herbal-bod-8073cacb.pdf

​ Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Eucalyptus Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Aromatic herbs are being widely used, especially in rural areas. Eucalyptus is one such aromatic oil that has seen an increase in its use in developing countries. 

Eucalyptus oil, also known as nilgiri oil, is an essential oil derived from the distillation of fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus and other species like E. polybractea, E. smithii, and E. viminalis, belonging to the family Myrtaceae. This tall evergreen tree is native to Tasmania and Australia. Further, it is found in Spain, the United States, Brazil, Portugal, North and South Africa, France, Southern Europe, and India. In India, it is majorly cultivated in Punjab and Haryana. 

It is a straw-coloured or colourless fluid with a characteristic smell that may be described as camphor-like and pungent, and its taste is also said to be camphoraceous, followed by a cooling sensation. Let’s read about eucalyptus oil’s benefits and side effects1.

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Eucalyptus Oil

Eucalyptus oil is known for its wide variety of bioactive compounds. They are enlisted below: 

Chemical constituents of Eucalyptus oil1.

A total of 0.26% of eucalyptus oil constituents are unknown.  

Based on my experience, I have observed that eucalyptus oil might possess hepatoprotective properties. This means that it could potentially protect the liver from damage caused by certain toxins. It is believed to involve the presence of ursolic acid, a compound found in the leaves of Eucalyptus hybrid E. tereticomis. Ursolic acid is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its ability to protect the liver cells from damage and promote their regeneration12.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Eucalyptus Oil

Eucalyptus oil has many treasures hidden within it. Some of the properties of eucalyptus essential oil are1

In my experience, I have observed that eucalyptus oil might be beneficial for relieving spasmodic throat troubles, such as in croup. When applied externally, it may help alleviate the spasms and provide relief12.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Overall Health

The potential benefits of eucalyptus oil for your health are: 

1. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Urinary Tract Infection

urinary tract infections
Image Source: freepik.com

In a study14 done by Moreira in 2001, eucalyptus oil may help in treating urinary tract infections. It may be used in an emulsion mixture with powdered gum arabic and water. This mixture may be given as urethral injections. However, a doctor should be consulted before using nilgiri oil1.

2. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Diabetics

Home Remedies For Diabetes
Image Source: freepik.com

Eucalyptus essential oil has shown potential anti-diabetic properties. In a comparative study8 in 1998 by Gray, they observed the effects of eucalyptus for management of diabetes by partial restoration of pancreatic cells in rats. Further, Dey observed that eucalyptus citriodora showed potential anti-diabetic activity that was analogous to the standard diabetes drug Glibenclamide. Although, this won’t replace the medication prescribed by your doctor, you should consult a doctor before using eucalyptus oil for diabetes1,2.

3. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Respiratory Diseases

respiratory disease
Image Source: freepik.com

Sonker et. al in a study9 in 2017 observed that eucalyptus oil may potentially relieve symptoms of respiratory diseases. It was reported in a study that major constituents of this essential oil may relieve coughing, stimulate breathing, relax the respiratory muscles and remove mucus. Further, it may help in sore throat, runny nose, cough, cold, asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, and nasal congestion. Nilgiri oil can help in reducing the symptoms but should not be replaced with conventional treatment without consulting your doctor1.

4. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Wound Healing

wound healing
Image Source: freepik.com

In a study10 in 1994, Sarkar found sores, cuts, scrapes, abrasions, burns and wounds may be benefitted using eucalyptus leaf essential oil. It can be used in the form of an ointment or salve to potentially use on bug bites and stings. In a study by Sabo in 2019, extracts of eucalyptus species showed a probable reduction in the size of acetic acid-induced ulcers in rats. Therefore, it may be a possibility that eucalyptus oil can be used for wound healing. You should consult a doctor before using eucalyptus oil on your wounds1.

5. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil in Pain Relief

osteoarthritis
Image Source: freepik.com

Maruyama11 in 2005 observed that aromatherapy massage potentially suppresses the inflammatory symptoms of oedema and neutrophil accumulation. This is because eucalyptus oil is volatile and hence, gets easily absorbed into the muscle and nerve. It has a property to reduce pain (analgesic). Eucalyptus may help in case of chronic pain along with conventional medication. Eucalyptus oil should not be traded for your medication without consulting your doctor1,2.

6. Other Potential Uses

Image Source: freepik.com

Other than the above-noted uses of eucalyptus, they are also some other eucalyptus oil uses and benefits, such as: 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of the eucalyptus oil in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of eucalyptus oil on human health.  

For both chemical and natural techniques, the chosen eucalyptus oil is a unique kind. An ingredient in the oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) is known to repel mosquitoes and other insects. I recommend the use of eucalyptus oil under the doctor’s supervision13.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

How to Use Eucalyptus Oil?

Eucalyptus oil may be used in a number of ways to treat different conditions. Some ways to use eucalyptus oil are:  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

One essential component of various topical analgesics is eucalyptus. These include creams, salves, sprays, and other topical painkillers that you may apply straight to your skin. From my knowledge, eucalyptus oil works by creating a cool or warm sensation that may distract you from the pain, even if it is not the primary painkiller13.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Side Effects of Eucalyptus Oil

Like most essential oils, eucalyptus oil also has many side effects. The most common eucalyptus oil side effects are:  

Also Read: The Truth about Sunflower Oil: Is it Really Bad for You?

Precautions to Take with Eucalyptus Oil

You now know that eucalyptus oil should not be consumed by itself. Some other precautions to be taken with eucalyptus oil include: 

Also Read: 6 Simple Health Benefits of Essential Oils!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Eucalyptus is generally considered safe for topical use. However, it should never be consumed orally, especially without dilution with some other ingredients. It is considered toxic when consumed orally and may interact with your medications. Eucalyptus oil may affect the metabolic activity of the liver and thus, may disrupt the metabolism of certain drugs6

If you are consuming any drug that may be metabolized by the liver, contact your general physician before using eucalyptus oil. For instance, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a medication used to treat cancer. It was observed in an animal study that when eucalyptus oil is used on the skin caused an increase in the absorption of topical 5-FU. Further, some diabetic medication also interacts with eucalyptus oil3,6.

Also Read: Tea Tree: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can you use eucalyptus oil to treat colds? 

Yes, the benefits of eucalyptus oil for cold are widely reported. It can be used via inhalation and cough drops. It has expectorant, antispasmodic and antiviral properties.  

Can eucalyptus oil be consumed orally? 

No, eucalyptus oil cannot be consumed orally, especially in large doses. It is usually consumed as a pharmaceutical product or can be used as a topical medication.  

Is eucalyptus oil safe for wound healing? 

Yes, eucalyptus oil can be used for wounds like abrasions, burns, scrapes, cuts and sores. It can be applied as a salve.

Does eucalyptus interact with other drugs? 

Yes, eucalyptus oil can interact with other drugs that get metabolized by the liver as it affects the metabolism rate in the liver. For example, 5-fluorouracil sees an increase in absorption when used topically with eucalyptus oil.  

Can children use eucalyptus oil? 

No, children under the age of one should not be administered eucalyptus oil. Children may be administered eucalyptus oil only after referring to a general physician.  

References

1. Rathva D, Parmar D, Upadhyay S, Upadhyay U. A Basic Review on Eucalyptus Oil. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 29];5(2):771–81. Available from: https://ijprajournal.com/issue_dcp/A%20Basic%20Review%20on%20Eucalyptus%20Oil.pdf?

2. Dhakad AK, Pandey V v., Beg S, Rawat JM, Singh A. Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review. J Sci Food Agric. 2018 Feb 1;98(3):833–48. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28758221/ 

3. Dey B, De J, Ghatak S, Maiti K. Chemo-profiling of eucalyptus and study of its hypoglycemic potential. Integr Med Res. 2013;2(3):101-107. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797882/

4. Sanches Abelan U, Savassa Pinto Cacoci RPh É, Elyan Azevedo Martins T, Mansanares Giacon V, Valéria Robles Velasco M, Rosana Ribeiro de Castro Lima C, et al. Potential use of essential oils in cosmetic and dermatological hair products: A review. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;00:1–12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34129742/ 

5. Chandorkar N, Tambe S, Amin P, Madankar C. A systematic and comprehensive review on current understanding of the pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of the genus Eucalyptus. Phytomedicine Plus. 2021 Nov 1;1(4):100089. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321000713#:~:text=It%20can%20be%20concluded%20that,the%20treatment%20of%20respiratory%20disorders

6. Wang X, Zheng J, Shen Y, Ma H, Xie D. Efficacy and safety of inhaled essential oil for postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2023;11(4):e01198. doi:10.1002/prp2.1198. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10322318/

7.  Eucalyptus Oil: Important information about eucalyptus oil [Internet]. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.4843.pdf 

8. Gray AM, Flatt PR. Antihyperglycemic actions of Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus) are associated with pancreatic and extra-pancreatic effects in mice. J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2319–2323. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.12.2319. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jn/article-abstract/128/12/2319/4724260?redirectedFrom=fulltext

9. Sonker P, Verma S, Gupta P. To study the pharmacological effect and beneficial effect of Eucalyptus globulus in different types of diseases. Int J Res Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2017;6(1):81–88. doi:10.61096/ijrpp.v6.iss1.2017.81-88. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320979770_81_To_Study_the_Pharmacological_Effect_and_Beneficial_Effect_of_Eucalyptus_Globulus_in_Different_types_of_Diseases

10. Sarkar S N. Capillary permeability-increasing effect of Eucalyptus hybrid leaf and Seseli indicum seed oils in rabbit. Indian J Pharmacol. 1994;26(1):55–56. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/iphr/abstract/1994/26010/capillary_permeability_increasing_effect_of.12.aspx

11. Maruyama N, Sekimoto Y, Ishibashi H, Inouye S, Oshima H, Yamaguchi H, et al. Suppression of neutrophil accumulation in mice by cutaneous application of geranium essential oil. J Inflamm (Lond). 2005;2:1. doi: 10.1186/1476-9255-2-1. Available from: https://journal-inflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-9255-2-1

12. Kesharwani V, Gupta S, Kushwaha N, Kesharwani R, Patel DKM. A review on therapeutics application of eucalyptus oil. Int J Herb Med. 2018;6(6):110–115. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332370890_A_review_on_therapeutics_application_of_eucalyptus_oil

13. WebMD. 12 Ways to Use Eucalyptus Oil [Internet]. WebMD; 2025 [cited 2025 Nov 17]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/ss/slideshow-eucalyptus-oil-benefits-and-uses

14. Moreira MR, Cruz GMP, Lopes MS, Albuquerque AAC, Leal-Cardoso JH. Effects of terpineol on the compound action potential of the rat sciatic nerve. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001 Oct;34(10):1337-1340. doi:10.1590/s0100-879×2001001000015. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11593310/

15. Kumar KJ, Sreenivasan T, Vinayak N, Sreenivasan U. Eucalyptus oil poisoning. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2015;19(6):376-378. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4721170/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Why Is It Important To Exercise After Liposuction?

Introduction

An organized fitness and diet regimen is required to maximize the benefits of the liposuction procedure and ensure that undesired fatty deposits do not form in your body again. It is critical to understand that liposuction isn’t a forever weight loss operation but rather a method of contouring or shaping certain regions of the body. Suction is used to remove excess fat from beneath the skin and if caution is not followed, the fat will most likely return.

Why Should You Exercise After Liposuction?

In the absence of regular exercise and a nutritious, balanced diet, the fat will most certainly return. One research1 report released in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism demonstrates the dangers of not exercising after surgery. Researchers2 from the University of So Paulo selected 36 healthy but sedentary women between the ages of 20 and 35. The women weren’t obese, but they all agreed to have 2.5 to 3 pounds of abdomen fat removed via liposuction.

Six months later, half of the women had acquired fat, primarily visceral fat, which collects surrounding organs deep inside the abdomen and is known to trigger metabolic alterations that raise the risk of coronary disease and diabetes. These women accumulated 10% more visceral fat than they had previously.

The other 50 % of the patients did not gain weight since they were randomly allocated to begin exercising post-surgery. While their peers remained sedentary following liposuction, these women began a four-month training plan that included both aerobic and weightlifting three to four times each week. Not only did the fat not return, but they also had little fat in their bodies overall. They were also more physically fit and had better insulin sensitivity.

Yes, liposuction can help you look the way you’ve always desired to; however, without exercise and a balanced diet, you’ll be back to where you started.

When to Start Exercise After Liposuction?

You should expect some inflammation and water retention just after liposuction, but this should go away in two to three weeks. Doctors advise against engaging in strenuous exercise. If you get standard liposuction, then you must wait three to five weeks, based on your susceptibility to aerobic activity. It cannot be overstated that liposuction isn’t a lifelong weight loss operation and depending on which area the treatment is performed on your body, you will require an activity routine to maintain it.

Toning exercises can indeed be steadily increased between two and three weeks after surgery. It is critical for the body to recover initially to achieve the finest surgical results. After six weeks, typically, liposuction patients are comfortable enough to engage in intense activities. To keep the fat off your abdomen, you must maintain a consistent aerobic and abdominal training routine. Running, cycling, swimming and aerobics are the finest cardio activities, but there are many additional basic abdominal exercises that anyone may incorporate into their fitness program after liposuction3.

Which Exercises Can You Undertake?

You can undertake these exercises to support you in maintaining body weight after liposuction. Make sure you speak to your doctor before beginning any exercise regimen.

1. Stretching

exercise

The first step that one should take is taking a 2–6-week hiatus from any rigorous “workout-like” activity. Stay comfortable at home, rest enough, and give your body some time to adjust to the new you. Begin cautiously after a month and a half of relaxation. Start with stretches that target your core stability and your legs. It will take some time to build up your muscular resistance and flexibility. Hold the positions for longer than usual and gradually increase the time4.

2. Engage in Cardio

cardio exercise

This will help activate the limbic system. It is also vital to ease into this exercise gradually after a break of 2-3 months. Work up a sweat on the treadmill and slowly increase the pace or intensity from week to week5.

3. Mix Yoga

yoga

Yoga is an excellent technique to align your mind and body. Given your recent physical changes, getting back in sync with your body should be a top priority. Begin with slower, more meditative kinds of yoga before returning to your power yoga regimen. After surgery, you require yoga to maintain body weight, not to lose body weight6.

4. Walking and Jogging

brisk walking

You should not stay inactive for too long since fat will develop in the places you recently had it removed from. Before you hit the gym after 6-7 weeks, go on walks or jog a little to refresh your mind and help your body feel as though it’s going back to routine (do this even a week after surgery). 

5. Aerobics

walking

In the initial few days after surgery, moderate aerobic exercise (mostly walking) is advised. The essential thing to remember during recuperating is to respond to the body’s cues and not force yourself past your unique level of comfort. You may steadily resume your regimen and at the six weeks point, you’ll be able to resume maximum-impact activities like running, swimming, or outdoor cycling.

6. Resistance Exercises

resistance exercises

Resistance training that does not involve the medically treated area of the body can be undertaken as early as the second week of surgery. Resistance routines, like sit-ups, squats, etc., should be introduced into the system with utmost care and attention towards how the body reacts. If resistance training causes pain, pressure, or discharge, stop immediately and consult a doctor. Resistance workouts can be started as permitted around operative areas once incisions have healed well and bruises have faded, typically about six weeks after surgery.

Conclusion

You may be concerned that if you do not maintain your exercise routines, you may lose your strength and physical stamina. However, you must remember that exercise right after liposuction can aggravate swelling and discomfort, making recovery time even longer.

If you want to resume exercising, start with lighter workouts and avoid running, cycling, or dancing for the first month after liposuction. Instead, go for mild weight-training routines. The use of gym equipment and machines that produce pressure around the treatment region should be avoided.

Before you begin engaging in exercise, discuss with your doctor your health condition and follow his/her advice to avoid any health complications.

References

  1. Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2012 Apr;2(2):1143-211. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110025. PMID: 23798298; PMCID: PMC4241367. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4241367/
  2. Collins B. New Study Reveals Liposuction May Increase Stomach Fat for Sedentary Patients. Beth Collins, M.D. Blog [Internet]. 2016 Jul 26 [cited 2026 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.bethcollinsmd.com/blog/new-study-reveals-liposuction-may-increase-stomach-fat-for-sedentary-patients/
  3. Benatti FB, Lira FS, Oyama LM, do Nascimento CM, Lancha AH Jr. Strategies for reducing body fat mass: effects of liposuction and exercise on cardiovascular risk factors and adiposity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2011;4:141-54. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S12143. Epub 2011 Apr 20. PMID: 21779146; PMCID: PMC3138146. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3138146/
  4. Dhami LD. Liposuction. Indian J Plast Surg. 2008 Oct;41(Suppl):S27-40. PMID: 20174540; PMCID: PMC2825130. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2825130/
  5. Nielsen B, Nybo L. Cerebral changes during exercise in the heat. Sports Med. 2003;33(1):1–11. doi:10.2165/00007256-200333010-00001. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10995705_Cerebral_Changes_During_Exercise_in_the_Heat
  6. Woodyard C. Exploring the therapeutic effects of yoga and its ability to increase quality of life. Int J Yoga. 2011 Jul;4(2):49-54. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.85485. PMID: 22022122; PMCID: PMC3193654. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3193654/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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