Fluctuations in a woman’s sex drive are natural and often influenced by various physical, emotional, and lifestyle factors. However, a noticeable or persistent decline in sexual desire can sometimes indicate an underlying concern that may benefit from professional attention. Understanding female libido, what affects it, and how to support it is an important part of maintaining overall well-being.
This article aims to provide evidence-based information from a gynaecological perspective to help you better understand the factors that may influence female libido. We will discuss potential causes such as hormonal changes, stress, mental health, medical conditions, and lifestyle habits. Additionally, we will explore general wellness strategies and when it may be appropriate to consult a qualified healthcare provider.
Recognising the underlying reasons for a decrease in sexual desire is an important step towards addressing it effectively. Female libido is influenced by a range of physical, emotional, hormonal, and psychological factors. By understanding what may be contributing to low libido, individuals and healthcare professionals can work together to identify safe, appropriate, and personalised approaches that support overall well-being and quality of life.
Several medical conditions can affect female libido. In such cases, a comprehensive clinical assessment by a qualified healthcare professional is essential.
Stress, anxiety and depression can significantly influence a woman’s interest in sexual activity. These conditions often reduce energy levels, affect mood, and interfere with the ability to feel emotionally connected or relaxed, factors that are important for a healthy libido. In some cases, the medications used to treat these conditions may also impact sexual desire4.
Post childbirth, hormonal changes, and fatigue could lead to a decline in libido. The demands of caring for a newborn, combined with fatigue and sleep deprivation, can also affect libido.
Breastfeeding may play a role by lowering oestrogen levels, which can lead to vaginal dryness and reduced interest in sexual activity. In addition, concerns related to body image, healing after delivery, and adapting to new parenting responsibilities may further influence a woman’s sexual well-being during the post-partum period5.
Certain medications may contribute to a decrease in sexual desire. For example, some antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are known to affect libido in some individuals. These medications can influence the brain’s chemical balance, which may in turn impact sexual interest and responsiveness.
Additionally, the use of combined oral contraceptive pills may lower libido in some women. This is thought to be due to a reduction in free testosterone levels, a hormone that plays a role in sexual desire6.
It is important not to stop or adjust any prescribed medication without consulting a qualified healthcare professional. If low libido is suspected to be a side effect of medication, a healthcare provider may be able to recommend alternatives or supportive strategies.
Adopting healthy habits is vital for good sexual health. Unhealthy habits like lack of exercise, a poor diet, excessive alcohol, and smoking can decrease libido7.
Mood disorders and the associated medications, high blood pressure, diabetes or simply changing a medicine that you usually take for medical conditions can cause a change in female sex drive (libido). Talk to your gynaecologist or general physician to find out a cause for change in the libido and find a suitable solution for the same.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
A decline in sexual desire can be concerning, but it is important to remember that support is available. Several evidence-based approaches can help address the underlying causes of low libido and improve overall sexual well-being. The most suitable treatment will depend on individual circumstances and should ideally be guided by a qualified healthcare professional.
Counselling and education around sexual health can be highly beneficial, especially when no underlying medical condition is present. Speaking with a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, can help address emotional, psychological, or relational factors contributing to low libido.
Sexual health counselling may involve exploring communication within relationships, managing stress, improving body image, and understanding sexual response. In many cases, these interventions can significantly enhance intimacy and sexual satisfaction.
Hormone therapy may help improve sexual desire in women with confirmed hormonal imbalances. Oestrogen treatment can relieve symptoms such as vaginal dryness, which may support libido. In select cases, testosterone or DHEA therapy may be considered particularly for postmenopausal women diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). These treatments should only be used under specialist medical supervision8.
Adopting healthy lifestyle habits can positively influence sexual desire. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and stress management all contribute to overall well-being and may support libido. Ensuring adequate levels of nutrients such as iron and vitamin B12 is also important, as deficiencies particularly anaemia can lead to fatigue and reduced sexual interest.
When conventional approaches are not effective, some individuals explore complementary options.
L-arginine, DHEA, maca root, ginseng, black cohosh, red clover, chasteberry fruit, and ginkgo are some natural supplements that may help increase libido10. Herbal remedies should be used cautiously and only under medical supervision, many lack FDA approval, and some may interfere with medications or hormone-sensitive conditions.
Positive body image and self-esteem can support sexual well-being. Feeling confident and comfortable with oneself may contribute to improved libido.
Foods like honey and coffee are sometimes linked to increased arousal, though evidence is mostly anecdotal. Such foods may complement a healthy lifestyle but should not be relied upon as primary treatments11. While no solution offers instant results, seeking medical advice is advised for improvement in sexual health.
If low libido is causing distress, affecting the quality of life, or impacting your mental health or relationships, you should consult a doctor.
We cannot improve libido instantly. However, Ginseng, L-arginine, gingko biloba, and maca are a few ingredients that have been studied for their ability to improve female libido and sexual function. Certain practices like yoga and acupuncture may also be beneficial when paired with a healthy lifestyle.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)
Each person’s libido varies and so do the factors affecting it. Improving libido requires understanding of both medical and emotional factors. From hormone imbalances to lifestyle habits, multiple contributors may be at play. Begin with healthy habits, open communication with your partner, and timely consultation with your gynaecologist. Tailored treatments, ranging from counselling to hormonal or vaginal therapies can offer safe and sustainable solutions.
DHEA, maca root, ashwagandha, vitamin E with ginseng, and zinc are some. But their effectiveness varies and scientific proof backing their claims is limited. So, it is advised to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.
Female libido booster foods like truffles, coffee, dark chocolate, bananas and avocados have been linked to increased arousal. But the extent to which these foods can specifically boost libido can vary and is yet to be confirmed scientifically.
FDA has approved a drug called flibanserin (Addyi) and bremelanotide (Vyleesi) for premenopausal women with HSDD. These are not female versions of Viagra and work differently
Women can follow good dietary habits, exercise regularly, sleep enough and manage stress. Having honest communication and focusing on foreplay in a relationship can also help. In case these measures don’t work, consult with a healthcare provider about medical treatments
Yes, female libido can often be restored through a combination of addressing underlying physical or psychological factors, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and exploring appropriate therapeutic interventions. Consulting with a healthcare professional can help identify personalized strategies for restoring and enhancing female libido.
While testosterone plays a role in female sexual function, its impact on libido is complex and varies. Some studies13 suggest that testosterone therapy may enhance female libido in certain cases, but it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to assess individual needs and potential risks before considering such interventions.
The effectiveness of hypnosis in enhancing female libido is not firmly established, and its impact varies among individuals. Consultation with a healthcare professional is advised to explore evidence-based approaches and address underlying factors contributing to changes in female libido.
While some studies12 suggest fenugreek may have potential benefits in boosting female libido by influencing hormonal levels, more research is needed to establish its effectiveness. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating fenugreek or any supplements into one’s routine.
Various factors can impact female libido, including hormonal changes, stress, relationship issues, medical conditions, and certain medications. Identifying and addressing these underlying factors, with guidance from a healthcare professional, can help improve female libido.
Vitamin D is associated with female libido, as it plays a role in hormone regulation. Ensuring adequate vitamin D levels through sunlight exposure, diet, or supplements may positively influence female sexual health, but individual needs vary.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Emerging research and traditional health systems suggest that what we eat may play a role in supporting sexual health. This article explores how certain dietary habits and lifestyle adjustments might contribute to improved sexual well-being in both men and women. While diet is not a standalone cure, it can be one part of a broader, medically informed approach to enhancing sexual health.
This article also highlights the importance of open communication with partners, attention to mental health, and regular medical check-ups. Sexual health is influenced by a complex interplay of physical, psychological, hormonal, and relational factors, far beyond just performance.
Reminder: The information shared here is for educational purposes only and the reader should consult a registered medical practitioner before implementing any changes to their health routine.
To support sexual well-being, it is important to understand common conditions such as premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. These issues can affect individuals of various ages and may be linked to a range of physical, psychological, and lifestyle factors.
Premature Ejaculation refers to a condition in which ejaculation occurs sooner than desired, often shortly after sexual activity begins, and with minimal stimulation. Erectile Dysfunction is the persistent difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse1.
A whole lot of things can lead to these conditions, these include, stress, worry, sadness, guilt, or certain physical illnesses2.
Brain chemistry and healthy blood flow to the genital area play a significant role in sexual function. Disruptions in hormone levels, imbalances in neurotransmitters (the brain’s chemical messengers), and impaired circulation can all contribute to conditions such as erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation1.
There are several natural approaches that may help improve sexual stamina and overall satisfaction. Making certain lifestyle modifications, such as managing stress, maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and seeking appropriate therapeutic support can contribute positively to sexual health. However, it is important to note that individual results may vary, and such measures should not be viewed as guaranteed solutions.
Sexual stamina may be supported through small yet consistent adjustments to one’s daily routine. Incorporating healthier habits, such as improved sleep, balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and stress reduction can have a beneficial impact on overall sexual well-being2.
Smoking has been shown to impair blood circulation, increase the risk of erectile dysfunction, and reduce sperm quality and count. Quitting tobacco use can significantly improve vascular health and may contribute to better sexual function and fertility outcomes3.
Engaging in regular physical activity supports cardiovascular health, which is essential for maintaining adequate blood flow throughout the body, including the genital area. Improved heart health can, in turn, enhance sexual stamina and overall physical endurance4.
According to Ayurvedic medicine10, the tuberous roots of Chlorophytum borivilianum, also known as safed musli, have immunomodulatory and adaptogenic properties. These properties are thought to support overall well-being and, in some traditional contexts, have been associated with improved male reproductive health, including enhanced vitality and sexual function.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Some of the different therapies that may help improve sexual stamina are as follows:
Acupuncture is a traditional therapy that may stimulate the nervous system and influence hormone release, potentially supporting sexual stamina. However, current evidence is limited, and it should be considered a complementary approach under professional guidance5.
Seeking professional support, such as counselling, can provide valuable guidance and strategies to address challenges related to sexual health6.
Finally, it is important to consult a healthcare professional to exclude any underlying medical conditions that may be affecting your sexual health2.
Oysters are traditionally regarded as an aphrodisiac, largely because they are rich in zinc. Zinc plays an important role in testosterone production, which may contribute to supporting sexual health and stamina. However, it is important to note that scientific evidence linking oyster consumption directly to improved sexual performance is limited7.
Dark chocolate contains flavonoids that help improve blood flow and boost mood. It also contains a chemical called phenylethylamine which can stimulate the release of endorphins, thereby, promoting feelings of pleasure and well-being7.
Watermelon is a refreshing fruit that contains an amino acid called citrulline which relaxes blood vessels and improving circulation. Improved blood flow can potentially enhance sexual performance7.
Spinach is rich in nutrients, such as folate, magnesium, and vitamins, which help increase blood flow and promote overall cardiovascular health. These benefits may help boost energy and support vitality7.
Bananas are rich in potassium, which supports muscle function, including the muscles involved in sexual activity. They also contain bromelain, an enzyme that some traditional sources suggest may enhance libido. However, scientific evidence supporting this effect is limited and inconclusive7.
Avocados are a source of healthy fats, vitamin E, and potassium. These nutrients support cardiovascular health, enhance blood flow, and promote energy levels, potentially helping sexual stamina7.
Strawberries are not only delicious but also contain high levels of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. They can improve blood flow and promote heart health, potentially contributing to sexual stamina7.
Almonds are a nutrient-dense snack that provides essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. They contribute to cardiovascular health and provide sustained energy, which may help support physical endurance, including sexual stamina7.
Ginseng is an adaptogenic herb that has been used traditionally to boost energy levels and enhance sexual performance. Some preliminary studies suggest that it may help improve stamina and reduce feelings of fatigue7.
Fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which promote cardiovascular health and improve blood flow. These benefits may contribute positively to overall sexual vitality7.
Based on traditional use and preliminary observations, Tribulus terrestris (commonly known as Gokharu) is believed to support libido and sperm production. It is thought that extracts of this plant may influence androgen metabolism, potentially increasing levels of testosterone, luteinising hormone, and related hormones. These hormonal effects are proposed to contribute to improved sexual function and reproductive health in men10.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Many over-the-counter products claim to treat premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction; however, in the absence of rigorous scientific evidence, these remedies may be ineffective or potentially unsafe. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional before using such products.
Although some treatments are available without a prescription, they may carry significant risks, including side effects, allergic reactions, or dangerous interactions with other medications. It is important to exercise caution and seek medical advice before using any such products2.
Avoid using treatments that have not been approved or recommended by a qualified healthcare professional. Always consult your doctor before commencing any therapy for sexual health concerns.
Also Read: Top 18 Zinc-Rich Foods For Vegetarians
While nutrition plays an important role in supporting sexual health, it is only one part of a broader picture. Other crucial factors include mental well-being, hormonal balance, physical fitness, and open communication with one’s partner.
Discussing concerns and strategies to enhance sexual well-being with your partner can strengthen emotional intimacy and improve relationship satisfaction.
Engaging in extended foreplay and exploring a variety of sexual techniques can enhance mutual satisfaction and reduce performance-related anxiety, contributing to a more fulfilling and relaxed sexual experience9.
In some cases, medical devices or prescribed medications may be necessary to address sexual health concerns. It is essential to consult a qualified healthcare professional before initiating any such treatment.
Based on traditional use, Mondia whitei, commonly known as White’s ginger has been used in some cultures to help manage erectile dysfunction and enhance libido. It is also traditionally believed to support sperm production and male reproductive health10.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
It is important to recognise that psychological well-being plays a significant role in sexual performance. Factors such as stress, anxiety, and self-esteem can greatly influence one’s sexual experience and satisfaction2.
Chronic stress can significantly reduce libido and impact overall sexual well-being. Incorporating stress-reducing practices such as deep breathing exercises, mindfulness meditation, or yoga into your daily routine may help improve mental balance and support a healthier sex life2.
Practising mindfulness can support better mental health by enhancing focus and self-awareness. This may, in turn, improve self-control and contribute to increased sexual stamina8.
Also Read: Why Does Sperm Sometimes Smell Fishy?
Experiencing challenges related to sexual health can feel overwhelming, but they are often manageable with the right support and guidance. A multifaceted approach—including nutritious food choices, the inclusion of omega-3 fatty acids, mental wellness practices, and open communication with one’s partner can be beneficial.
Combining these strategies with a clear understanding of one’s condition, appropriate lifestyle modifications, professional counselling, and, where necessary, medical treatment, can lead to a more satisfying and balanced sex life.
It is essential to remember that sexual health is not solely about performance. It also encompasses comfort, consent, emotional intimacy, and mutual satisfaction. Both men and women are encouraged to consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalised advice, especially when facing issues such as chronic pain, vaginal dryness, or hormonal imbalances that may affect intimacy.
Also Read: Does Masturbation Cause Weight Loss? Debunking Sexual Health Misconceptions
Certain exercises, such as Kegel exercises, the ‘stop-start’ technique, and maintaining overall physical activity, may help support improved sexual control and stamina.
Simple but effective measures, such as quitting smoking, engaging in regular physical activity, and seeking appropriate therapeutic support can assist in managing premature ejaculation when tailored to individual needs.
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and foods containing omega-3 fatty acids is beneficial for overall health, including sexual well-being.
Yes, premature ejaculation refers to reaching climax sooner than desired during sexual activity. Erectile dysfunction, on the other hand, involves difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection sufficient for satisfactory intercourse.
You should consult a healthcare professional if premature ejaculation occurs frequently or if you experience pain during sexual activity. Additionally, routine medical check-ups can help identify any underlying health issues that may be affecting your sexual well-being.
To support sexual stamina, it is advisable to limit the intake of foods high in sugar and refined carbohydrates, as these may lead to fluctuations in energy levels. Additionally, reducing alcohol consumption can have a positive impact on sexual performance and endurance.
Ashwagandha is believed to enhance sexual stamina by reducing stress and improving energy levels. Its adaptogenic properties help in balancing hormones, which can contribute to improved sexual performance.
While alcohol can reduce anxiety and delay ejaculation, it often impairs overall sexual performance and stamina. Excessive drinking can lead to difficulties in achieving and maintaining an erection.
Yes, regular exercise improves cardiovascular health, boosts stamina, reduces stress, and enhances overall physical fitness, all of which can contribute to improved and prolonged sexual performance.
Lasting longer in bed can be influenced by genetic factors, such as hormonal levels and neurological function. However, lifestyle choices, mental health, and physical fitness also play significant roles in sexual stamina.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Discussing the pleasures and health benefits of certain solo endeavours may raise many eyebrows, such as in the case of masturbation and its association with prostate cancer. It is a malignant tumour of the prostate gland and is one of the main causes of death due to cancer in men worldwide. It is the third most common cancer in Indian men and has been linked to risk factors like vasectomy procedures, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and poor BMI1. Men will be glad to know that studies suggest that frequent ejaculation through intercourse or masturbation has health benefits, and lowering the risk of prostate cancer is one of them2. Contrary to popular belief, masturbation, if done in moderation, does not increase the risk of prostate cancer.
Masturbation is a common sexual act that has been misunderstood and seen as taboo by society. It involves self-stimulation of the genitalia to achieve sexual release, orgasm, or ejaculation and feel sexual pleasure. People of all genders and sexual orientations can engage in this private activity. It can be both self or partner-assisted.
The ejaculate in men is essentially semen, which contains a large portion of the seminal fluid, a sperm-nourishing liquid. The prostate gland, which is found in men just below the urinary bladder, is responsible for producing this seminal fluid. Hence, the close link between masturbation and prostate cancer cannot be ignored2.
Regular masturbation can be beneficial for the prostate’s health, which can thereby reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Here are a few benefits of masturbation:
One of the most extensive studies was published in European Urology in 2016, in which over 31,000 males were followed for over 20 years. The researchers concluded that frequent ejaculators (irrespective of masturbation or intercourse) had lower prostate cancer rates than other males4.
The precise reason for the positive relationship between masturbation and prostate cancer is not entirely understood since the cancer of the prostate gland is multifactorial. Studies show prolonged contact between the cells of the prostate gland and their secretions, such as seminal fluid, which contains sufficient levels of zinc, phosphates, citric acid, and the male hormone di-hydrotestosterone (DHT), may accelerate the growth of cancer5. Hence, it may be derived that masturbation reduces the contact between the cells and fluids of the prostate gland. However, this fact has yet to be proven.
There are several factors as mentioned below that affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. While some of these factors are beyond our control, knowing them can still help men make wise choices regarding their health6.
Also Read: Penile Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
While the research on the specific benefits of masturbation for prostate health is still developing, several studies have been conducted to provide an overview of the psychological and physiological health advantages of masturbation and other sexual behaviours that cause ejaculation in men5,7.
The following are a few potential advantages of masturbation for prostate health:
Masturbation and prostate cancer have an intricate relationship. As explained, prostate cancer risk can be decreased by ejaculations through sexual acts like masturbation5,7.
Masturbation involves external genital stimulation, which indirectly affects the prostate gland. This stimulation may keep the gland active, induce the healthy formation of seminal fluid, and drain the fluid periodically. All of these processes are natural and necessary to maintain the health of a secretory gland5,7.
Sexual activity, including masturbation, improves blood flow to the genital area. An increase in blood flow can help the prostate gland function optimally by supplying it with oxygen and other vital nutrients5,7.
Masturbation is a private, intimate, fulfilling, and pleasurable sexual activity that can help people unwind and reduce stress. Prostate difficulties and other health problems have been related to chronic stress. Masturbation may indirectly improve prostate health by lowering stress levels5,7.
Masturbation gives people a chance to know their bodies, sexual preferences, and reactions. Understanding sexual desires and pleasure can help with sexual self-awareness. Accepting your own sexuality and engaging in sexual behaviours that are pleasurable and satisfying, can both be beneficial for your sexual well-being5,7.
Studies suggest that infrequent ejaculation can improve sperm count and volume, while frequent ejaculation can often enhance sperm quality, morphology, and DNA fragmentation (breakages and patterns in the genetic material of the sperm)8.
Following an orgasm, your body releases oxytocin, a stress-reducing hormone, and blocks cortisol, a stress-inducing hormone. Research9 says that orgasms shorten the time it takes to fall asleep and enhance the quality of sleep.
Also Read: How Exercise Can Help You Deal with Breast Cancer
The inverse relationship between masturbation and prostate cancer clearly requires more scientific studies. In a country like India, it is still difficult for physicians to record a detailed history of self-stimulation or masturbation. There is a long way to go before doctors start prescribing ‘masturbation’ for better sexual health. The majority of factors that increase the chances of prostrate cancer, such as age and family history of the illness, are unchangeable. Hence, if there exists a natural and pleasurable way of reducing the risks of prostate cancer, then why not try it?
Also Read: Is Daily Sex Good for Health?
The frequency of ejaculations varies greatly from person to person and is affected by factors like age, health, and sexual choices. There is no set quota or suggested frequency for ejaculation. However, excessive acts of masturbation could be bad.
An infection or inflammation of the prostate gland, known as prostatitis, is caused by bacteria or other elements. In some people, excessive intercourse, including many ejaculations, may cause momentary pain or annoyance in the prostate or pelvic region. A proposed reason for the symptoms of chronic Prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is frequent ejaculation-associated free radical and lactic acid accumulation, which results in noninfectious inflammation and muscle weakness, not prostatitis10.
Age, sedentary lifestyle, chronic stress, and processed food/ red meat are a few aggravating factors in prostate cancer. If you have a family history of prostate cancer, it is best that you stay away from these.
Maintain a healthy weight, avoid processed foods with preservatives, hydrate yourself better, exercise regularly and avoid self-medicating with hormonal supplements that may derange the levels of testosterone to keep your prostate healthy
-Difficulty in the start of urination
-An interrupted flow of urine
-The desire to urinate multiple times, especially at night
-Pain while urinating
-Mild specks of blood in the urine and the semen
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that affects the lungs. It can range from mild to severe and is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia is a common illness that affects millions of people every year, and it can be especially dangerous for young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems. Let us discuss and learn more about the different types of pneumonia, their symptoms, and their characteristics1.
There are several types of pneumonia that can cause respiratory distress and discomfort. Let us see more about in detail:
Bacterial pneumonia is a type of lung infection that is caused by bacteria. There are a few types of bacterial pneumonia, they include:
Bacterial pneumonia is caused by different types of bacteria like:
Diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia involves clinical evaluation, laboratory evaluation, and radiological evaluation.
Viral pneumonia is a condition where the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs are inflamed due to a viral infection or immune response5.
Viral pneumonia is caused by different types of viruses like:
Symptoms of viral pneumonia develop gradually over several days:
Symptoms of viral pneumonia in newborns and infants:
Symptoms of viral pneumonia in older adults and people with serious illnesses or weak immune systems:
Diagnosing viral pneumonia is important because there are specific treatments available. While history and physical examination may not provide a definitive diagnosis, laboratory tests can help identify the virus causing the pneumonia. Some common diagnostic tests for viral pneumonia are:
Mycoplasma pneumonia is a type of bacteria that can infect people and cause respiratory infections, including pneumonia. While it typically affects the upper respiratory system, it can also lead to more serious lung infections6.
Symptoms commonly associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia include:
Symptoms usually appear within 1 to 4 weeks after the bacteria has infected the body8.
Fungal pneumonia is a type of lung infection caused by certain types of fungi. It usually affects people who have weakened immune systems or chronic health problems, or who have been exposed to fungi from contaminated soil or bird droppings9.
Fungal pneumonia can cause symptoms that develop gradually over several days or weeks. They include:
When food or liquid is inhaled into the lungs or airways as opposed to being swallowed, it leads to aspiration pneumonia11.
Here are the causes of aspiration pneumonia:
The following tests are used to diagnose aspiration pneumonia:
Having good hygiene is an important step in the prevention of pneumonia.
Here are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent pneumonia:
Also Read: Pneumococcal Vaccine: Types, Side Effects, and Who Needs It
In conclusion, understanding the different types of pneumonia is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Identifying the specific type of pneumonia and its underlying cause is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment plan. Although some types of pneumonia can be prevented with vaccines and good hygiene practices, anyone can still contract pneumonia, and it is vital to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability, or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Cancer appears as a solid tumor (lump) that is malignant1. Penile cancer is a cancer of the penis (the external part of the male urinary and reproductive system). The cells present in the tissues of the penis give rise to different types of penile cancer.
Depending upon the type of cell affected in the penis, the type of penile cancer is determined. Following are the type of penile cancers: Squamous cell cancer, Melanoma, Basal cell cancer, Adenocarcinoma (Paget’s disease of the penis), and Sarcoma2. Penile cancers can start in any part of the penis.
Most commonly it has been found to begin on the head or foreskin of the penis. This cancer goes untreated in many individuals since it is associated with psychological distress. Males suffering from this type of cancer often delay seeking medical opinion because they fear and suffer embarrassment4 . Males who are over 55 years are most often detected with penile cancer. However, people who are under the age of 40 can also develop this type of cancer.
Did you know?
Irrespective of the type of penile cancer, mostly the foreskin and the tip of the penis (glans) get affected. Therefore, penile cancer symptoms are first visible on this part of the penis5.
Signs of penile cancer are listed as under:
The following are the symptoms of penile cancer:
Penile cancer is a rare form of cancer that starts in the tissues of the penis. The exact cause of penile cancer is not clear, but several factors have been identified that may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer:
Risk factors are not the factors causing penile cancer but these factors increase the chance of occurrence of developing penile cancer. Below are some of the risk factors3:
Upon visiting the doctor following diagnostic protocols are carried out to understand the developing penile cancer in an individual. The mean age of diagnosis of penile cancer is at the age of 60 years4.
Treatment strategy for penile cancer depends on the size of the tumour, cancer stage, spread of the cancer, and its likelihood of relapsing after the treatment3. Often, treatment options are combined to have maximum therapeutic effect, following is a list of treatments that might be employed for treating penile cancer:
In my experience, a healthy skin cell may become a cancer cell when you have penile cancer. Uncontrolled cancer cell growth results in the formation of a tumour that pushes the healthy cells aside. As time passes, cancer cells have the potential to invade further organs and tissues in your body. I strongly recommend routine complete body checkups for those who have a family history of cancer3.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Following are the possible preventive measures7:
Penile cancer complications are like any complication that arises due to surgical incidents such as:
Did you know squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) makes up 95% of penile cancer cases? This type of cancer develops in the epithelium that is the top layer of your skin. Different types of tissues may develop other forms of penile cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma, and sarcoma. Out of these, the malignancy melanoma is more dangerous3.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)
One should visit the doctor if the following conditions are observed. As a regular practice, one should look for the mentioned changes that occur in and around the penis:
Also Read: How Exercise Can Help You Deal with Breast Cancer
Penile cancer, though rare, is a serious condition that requires timely recognition and treatment. The stigma, fear, and lack of awareness surrounding male reproductive health often lead to delayed diagnoses, affecting outcomes. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and causes, especially the role of HPV and poor hygiene can empower men to take preventive steps early on.
Fortunately, with advancements in diagnostics and treatment, many cases can be managed effectively when detected in time. Maintaining proper genital hygiene, avoiding tobacco, practicing safe sex, and not ignoring unusual symptoms are key pillars of prevention. If you notice any persistent changes in or around the penis, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. Early action can make a significant difference, not just in treatment success but also in overall well-being and quality of life.
Also Read: Jaundice: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes and Types
As soon as your doctor confirms penile cancer, treatment strategies should be discussed with the doctor.
Most men can typically have an erection and continue their sexual life normally after the cancerous area has been removed (wide local excision)9. Most men can typically have an erection and continue their sexual life normally after the cancerous area has been removed (wide local excision)9.
Penile tissue is kept alive during many cancer therapies. This means that your penis finally recovers to resemble its pre-treatment appearance almost exactly. You’re still able to urinate when standing10.
A surgical oncologist, a urologist who focuses on urinary tract issues, a medical oncologist, and a radiation oncologist are frequently on a penile cancer team.
This occurs often 7 to 14 days following your operation11.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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A lipoma is a round or oval-shaped tissue mass that develops right under the skin. It composed of fat and moves easily when touched and rarely causes any discomfort. Lipomas can form in any body part, although the back, torso (trunk), arms, shoulders and neck are the most common parts.
Lipomas are slow-growing, soft tissue tumours that are typically benign (non-cancerous). In some cases, they may be mistaken for liposarcomas, which are rare malignant tumours; however, liposarcomas usually present differently and require specialist evaluation2.
Most lipomas don’t require treatment unless symptomatic. If a lipoma bothers you, you can consult a doctor and get it operated on.
According to healthcare professionals, the exact cause of lipoma development remains unclear. However, they often have a genetic link, if a family member has a lipoma, your risk of developing one is higher.
Several conditions are also known to be associated with the formation of multiple lipomas, such as:
Lipomas are usually not painful, although they can be bothersome if they push against a nerve or form near a joint. Many patients with lipomas do not experience any symptoms. Lipomas are typically encapsulated and they do not disseminate to the surrounding tissues.
While scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of home treatments for lipomas is limited, some traditional practitioners believe that certain herbs and plant-based ingredients may offer benefits for managing the condition. Below is a list of popular natural remedies to consider but keep in mind that none of these can cure or prevent lipomas.
To support your body and reduce inflammation, include healthy fats, especially omega-3 fatty acids, in your meals. These essential fats are known to calm inflammation and promote overall wellness. At high enough levels, omega-3s help reduce inflammatory compounds in the body, such as cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which may play a role in fatty tissue growth.
Natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids include wild-caught salmon, sardines, flaxseeds, walnuts, chia seeds, and hemp seeds. You can eat them directly or use their oils in cooking or homemade remedies. When used consistently, these nutrient-rich fats can support the body’s natural balance and may help reduce discomfort linked to lipomas5.
Bioactive compounds found in Moro orange extract (found in blood orange) have demonstrated lipolytic effects, meaning they help break down fat cells. Studies6 suggest that these compounds, particularly anthocyanins like cyanidin-3-glucoside, may support the reduction of abdominal fat by enhancing fat metabolism and reducing the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue. This makes Moro orange extract a potential natural aid in managing localized fat deposits, including those seen in conditions like lipomas.
Apple cider vinegar is rich in acetic acid, has been studied for its potential to reduce fat accumulation and support metabolism. Research7 on obese rats and mice suggests that acetic acid may help prevent fat buildup in the body. To gently support your system, consider a daily detox drink that includes apple cider vinegar along with natural ingredients like ginger and raw honey. This combination may aid in overall detoxification and offer subtle support in managing fatty growths like lipomas.
Adjusting your diet may help support the body’s natural balance in individuals with lipomas. Brightly coloured fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, which may help lower fat levels in the blood and reduce oxidative stress. Prioritise foods like berries, leafy greens, and carrots for their vibrant nutrient content8,9.
Focus on eating natural, minimally processed foods to reduce exposure to environmental toxins and synthetic additives. Lastly, reduce alcohol consumption and avoid smoking, as both can negatively impact overall health and potentially worsen fatty tissue imbalances.
Consult a doctor if you notice a skin outgrowth, lump, or knot beneath your skin. It’s critical to get it checked and rule out any dangerous illnesses like liposarcoma (a type of cancer)2.
If you have a lipoma and experience any symptoms, such as acute discomfort, consult the doctor immediately. In case your lipoma is developing quickly (over weeks), feels firm or doesn’t move as readily when touched, you must seek medical attention. Your physician will physically examine the lipoma to determine the right treatment for it.
Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Blood Clots
Lipomas are common and affect millions of individuals. While they can be bothersome or cosmetically unappealing, they rarely lead to serious health problems. Most lipomas don’t require treatment, but it’s important to have them evaluated by a healthcare professional. If a lipoma causes pain or shows rapid growth, be sure to consult your doctor. When removal is necessary, lipomas are typically taken out through minimally invasive surgical procedures.
Lipomas can form in any part of the body. Although multiple lipomas can grow, most people only have one. These mostly form just beneath the skin on the following areas:
-Arms or legs
-Back
-Neck
-Shoulders
-Trunk (chest and torso)
-Forehead
If a lipoma causes discomfort or concern, the doctor can surgically remove it. Lipoma removal is a simple and quick procedure and in most cases, patients are able to return home the same day. As an alternative, liposuction may be considered. In this procedure, a physician uses a thin, hollow instrument to extract fatty tissue from the lump. The choice of treatment depends on the size, location, and nature of the lipoma, and should be discussed with a qualified medical practitioner.
Lipomas are common and affect about one in every 1,000 people. Lipomas more frequently occur in people between the ages of 40 and 60 but can occur at any age, including at birth. Lipomas are found in both men and women, though some studies2 suggest that they are more prevalent in women.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Hernia is a condition that can affect anyone. It often develops when a weak spot in your muscles or fatty tissues pushes internal organs through and can lead to a noticeable bulge or swelling on the skin. Hernia can also cause severe pain. While there are various types of hernias, the most common in men is the inguinal hernia, where a portion of the intestines pushes through the inguinal canal near the groin or inner thigh area.
Managing your diet is important if you have a hernia. The right foods can help ease symptoms and prevent complications, while others may worsen your condition. This article covers the best & worst food options for better hernia management[5].
Friendly Reminder: The information shared here is for educational purposes only and the reader should consult a registered medical practitioner before implementing any changes to their health routine.
Fruits like bananas, apples [1], pears, and melons are good sources of nutrients and fibre. An increased fibre intake is necessary for smoother bowel movements and to avoid undue pressure on weak areas.
Spinach[8], green peas, methi (fenugreek), water spinach, and mustard leaves are excellent leafy green fibre options. Compared to other foods, these greens contain vitamins and minerals.
Carrots, sweet potatoes and cucumber are three high-fibre veggies to add to your diet. With more fibre, you can decrease your risk of constipation and ease the pressure your intestines undergo.
Protein is an essential nutrient for repairing and building tissues in the body. Many animal protein sources contain unhealthy fats, which can contribute to obesity. Increased weight can stress out your digestive system and strain your hernia further. Lean protein like skinless chicken, some fish, yoghurt, beans, lentils, sprouts salad, and low-fat milk can increase your protein intake without boosting your fat levels[1].
Certain oils contain high levels of trans fats that are very unhealthy for your overall health. Unhealthy cooking oils may also be involved with digestive issues and heartburn, both of which are bad news for people with a hernia. Opt for healthier oils like olive and coconut oil wherever possible.
Whole grains are the best alternative to refined grains, flour and food items. Refined grains and their flour are often called empty carbs since they bring no fibre to your diet. Whole grains, on the other hand, are rich in nutrients and fibre[8].
Oatmeal has numerous health benefits, including a high fibre content. However, oatmeal also benefits people with a hernia by being a low-acidic food. Acidic foods can increase your symptoms, but with oatmeal, you can decrease the chance of this occurring[8].
Water is required for nearly every cell in your body to function normally and is especially essential for smooth digestive function. Make sure you drink enough water every day without drinking too much at one time. Too much water in a short period can result in bloating and this may be painful if you have a hernia.
Nobody enjoys bland food, but when you have a hernia, you need to pay extra attention to the seasoning you use when preparing your food. Do not add excessive amounts of spicy, acidic powders since these can increase your pain when passing stools.
In my experience, I have observed that avoiding acidic condiments like tomato sauce can be beneficial for patients with hernia. These foods have the potential to irritate the hernia and worsen symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation[6]. Based on what I’ve seen, I would advise you to opt for non-acidic alternatives to minimise discomfort and support your overall digestive health.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Eating a large portion of meals[7] puts sudden pressure inside your stomach, which may result in more pain from your hernia, particularly hiatal and umbilical hernias[2].
Did you know that eating a large meal can sometimes contribute to the occurrence of strangulated hernias? Strangulated hernias involve a segment of bowel becoming trapped and experiencing reduced blood supply, and the increased volume from a large meal can potentially aggravate this complication. So, it’s important to be mindful of portion sizes and maintain a healthy diet to minimise the risk of hernias.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Citrus foods can increase your risk of acidity and similar conditions (like GERD), which can affect hernia symptoms. Be cautious while consuming citrus and sour food[3].
Excessive consumption of alcoholic[4] beverages can lead to a host of health issues as well as digestive problems. Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it makes your body pass more water than usual. You may end up dehydrated due to this, which can negatively impact your digestive system and any associated symptoms of hernia[3].
Although most people can benefit from more fibre in their diet, some foods contain excessive amounts of this nutrient. Mushrooms, cabbage, broccoli, onions, garlic, carbonated beverages and chewing gum may all contribute to higher levels of fibre and gas. In general, these should be avoided or limited as much as possible.
Wherever possible, saute, boil, or bake your food rather than deep-frying it. This will decrease your fat intake and be healthier for your digestive system.
Over the years, I have found that it is beneficial for patients with hernias to eat their meals at least three to four hours before lying down. I would also suggest to perhaps avoid bedtime snacks. When you lie down immediately after eating or consume snacks before bed, it can increase the pressure in the abdomen, potentially worsening the symptoms of a hernia.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Also Read: Eat These 10 Foods To Fight Fatigue!
When managing a hernia, choosing easy-to-digest, nutritious meals is key. Opt for simple recipes like khichdi, upma, dalia, dhokla, idli, and vegetable soups, all prepared with minimal oil and spices. While there aren’t many strict restrictions, focusing on healthy, easily digestible foods can help ease your symptoms. Here are two recipes you can try:
Also Read: 21 Healthy Benefits Of Almonds: Facts And FAQs
Avoiding certain food items plays a major role in managing Hernia, by reducing the risk of stomach problems, and supporting digestion. Nutrient-packed foods that support immunity and reduce inflammation can be beneficial. While diet won’t cure your hernia, it can help you manage it better. It’s always better to check with your doctor before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle.
Also Read: 10 Healthy Fat Foods That You Should Be Eating!
Alcohol, smoking and diabetes[4] have all been linked to the weakening of the cremaster muscle (which supports the testicle). This may worsen your existing hernia or increase the risk of developing one.
Yes, walking strengthens your body, especially your muscles and can encourage fewer symptoms. Walking may also be part of your recovery after hernia surgery.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Vaginal dryness is more common than you might think, but it’s often overlooked because many women feel reluctant to talk about it. While it may seem like a minor issue, it can impact daily life. Addressing it can help bring back comfort and improve overall well-being.
Our intimate area has Skene’s and Bartholin’s glands, which create natural lubrication. These secretions are mildly acidic, helping to maintain healthy vaginal flora, reduce the risk of infections, and keep the vagina moist.
Several factors can disrupt this natural process, including hormonal imbalances, certain medications, issues with the lubricating glands, or improper hygiene practices. When vaginal dryness occurs, it may lead to symptoms like itching, burning, irritation, and discomfort during intercourse.
While it can happen at any age, vaginal dryness is more common during menopause[1] and perimenopause due to significant hormonal changes.
Friendly Reminder: The information shared here is for educational purposes only. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner before implementing any changes to their health routine.
Most of the time, vaginal dryness results from decreased levels of the female hormone called estrogen[8]. Vaginal dryness can also develop in people undergoing treatment for some other condition. Some common causes of vaginal dryness are:
Other symptoms can accompany vaginal dryness:
Here are some popular home remedies that may help with vaginal dryness. Please note that these remedies may not work for everyone. Before using any herbal remedies, it is advisable to consult with your doctor and follow their advice.
You can use natural oils like coconut oil to help relieve vaginal dryness. Cold-pressed virgin coconut oil is the purest form. It has many health benefits, and it may be used to relieve dry skin. Coconut oil is a natural emollient (skin soothing) and might help moisturise the skin.
You can apply coconut oil evenly on the outer surface of the vagina (pubis, labia majora) by massaging slowly. Make sure to clean your hands first before you touch your intimate parts. Caution to take here is not to use oil on mucosa(inner surface of the intimate area) or to apply oil inside of the vagina as it may increase the risk of a fungal infection[5].
You can try non-fragrant moisturisers for dry, sensitive skin to help with vaginal dryness. Using moisturisers[6] can help you lock in moisture in the skin around the vagina and aid in dealing with vaginal dryness. Applying a small quantity of moisturiser on the outer surface of the vagina helps to relieve itching due to dryness of the skin[3].
You may use any water-based lubricant before intercourse to get rid of problems due to vaginal dryness. These lubricants might provide short-term moisturisation. Lubricants can be applied in and around the vagina or on your partner’s penis to avoid any discomfort during sex and help get rid of discomfort due to vaginal dryness. Make sure you or your partner is not allergic to any lubricant content. Do a patch test before using a new product on your intimate area[3].
Vaginal lubrication during intercourse depends on arousal[9]. Before indulging in sexual intercourse, try more extended foreplay. Enjoying more foreplay could help you get more aroused during sex which leads the secretory glands to secret natural lubrication and helps in preventing problems due to vaginal dryness. Bartholin’s gland, present at the entrance of the vagina, produces moisture during sexual arousal.
Avoid using heavily perfumed soap, cleanser or lotion in and around your vagina. These chemicals can cause irritation and dryness in the vagina. Using perfumed soaps or cleansers or practising vaginal douching[10] is one of the factors responsible for causing vaginal dryness. Even using intimate area cleaning solutions frequently or washing the area with soap every time after using the washroom can lead to dryness and irritation. Patting it dry is sufficient in case of any foul-smelling secretion. For any coloured discharge from the vagina, better to consult a dermatologist rather than wait for the infection to flourish.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of the given home remedies in dealing with vaginal dryness, these are insufficient. There is a need for large-scale human studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of these home remedies on human health. Thus, these should only be taken cautiously and never as a substitute for medical treatment.
Also Read: Things You Shouldn’t Do Before And After Sex
Some women might feel embarrassed to talk to their doctors about vaginal dryness. Still, vaginal dryness is a pretty common condition, and many treatment options are available. You can contact your healthcare provider if:
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies for Frequent Urination
Vaginal dryness is a common concern that can affect any woman, but it’s more common in menopausal women in their 50s. If it’s impacting your daily activities, please seek medical help.
While hormonal changes and ageing are common culprits, factors like diabetes, thyroid disorders, and even stress can also contribute to vaginal dryness.
Don’t let embarrassment hold you back from seeking the help you deserve. Take charge of your well-being and enjoy a more comfortable, happier life.
Also Read: HPV Vaccine: What is It, When to Be Taken, Importance & Side Effects
You can use cold-pressed virgin coconut oil for vaginal dryness. Do not apply oil inside the vagina; use this only on the external skin. Consult your healthcare provider before using any home remedies for dryness in private parts. Also, discontinue its use and contact your healthcare provider if you feel any itchiness or irritation.
You can use water-based lubricants[6]. These can be used inside and around the vagina to provide short-term lubrication. Before engaging in sexual intercourse, you can try more foreplay. Feeling more aroused during intercourse might help lubricate the vagina.
If you are experiencing vaginal dryness, you might develop complications like bacterial or yeast infections in the vagina, pain during sexual intercourse[4], urinary tract infections, and sores in the vaginal wall.
If your dry vagina is causing you any discomfort or irritation in your daily activities, you should reach out to your doctor. Also, if the dry vagina is causing pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse, communicate with your partner and get medical help.
1. Women’s Health Concern. Vaginal dryness – Women’s Health Concern [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Jun 7]. Available from: https://www.womens-health-concern.org/help-and-advice/factsheets/vaginal-dryness/
2. NHS. Vaginal dryness [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Jun 6]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-dryness/
3. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Experiencing Vaginal Dryness? Here’s What You Need to Know. [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Jun 7]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/experiencing-vaginal-dryness-heres-what-you-need-to-know
4. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Vaginal dryness [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Jun 7]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000892.htm
5. Albornoz MA, Burke JF, Threlfall EK. Virgin Coconut Oil in Paste Form as Treatment for Dyspareunia and Vaginal Dryness in Patients With and Without Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases: An Efficacy and Safety Assessment Pilot Study. Cureus. 2023 Jun 16;15(6):e40501. [cited 2025 Feb 25]. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10350307/
6. Potter N, Panay N. Vaginal lubricants and moisturizers: a review into use, efficacy, and safety. Climacteric. 2021 Feb;24(1):19-24. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1820478. PMID: 32990054. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32990054/
7. ScienceDirect. Vaginal Dryness: Definition. In: ScienceDirect Topics [Internet]. Amsterdam: Elsevier; [cited 2025 Feb 25]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/vaginal-dryness#definition
8. Factors associated with developing vaginal dryness symptoms in women transitioning through menopause: a longitudinal study. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6136974/
9. Physiologic Measures of Sexual Function in Women: A Review. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2771367/
10. Vaginal Douching: Evidence for Risks or Benefits to Women’s Health. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2567125/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Is your breast pain the cause of your worry? It might just be because of your upcoming menstrual period. Breast pain is also called mastalgia or mastodynia, and it can occur due to a variety of reasons, the most common being the menstrual period. Unlike popular belief, breast pain does not always mean breast cancer1. However, if you feel a few lumps in your breast that won’t go away along with soreness of breasts, you should visit a doctor and get things clarified. Mostly, breast pain is manageable and can go away with a few lifestyle modifications.
The common causes of breast pain are listed below:
Breast pain itself is a symptom which can occur due to the above-stated causes. However, the pain can be of different kinds and can differ depending on whether you have cyclic (coincides with menstrual cycles) or non-cyclic (doesn’t coincide with the menstrual cycle) breast pain1. If it’s cyclic breast pain, you’ll feel:
If you have non-cyclic breast pain, then you might experience the following symptoms:
Symptoms of non-cyclic breast pain may stay for a long time or may come and go over time.
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies for Prolonged Periods
Your breast pain might go away with your periods. But, if you feel a lot of discomfort and are looking for natural remedies for breast pain, we have a few for you. You can try a few or all of these home remedies for breast pain and choose whichever suits you best. However, it’s better to also consult a doctor and get things clarified.
The seeds of kalonji, also known as Nigella sativa or fennel flower, contain many bioactive compounds, and essential oil is obtained from them. The essential oil of kalonji was used for a study to determine the effectiveness of kalonji in managing breast pain. When mixed in water and honey, this study3 showed that the syrup of kalonji oil and paraffin might help with breast pain. You can use kalonji as a natural remedy for breast pain by taking a few kalonji seeds, making a powder out of it, mixing the powder in water and honey and drinking it.
Scientifically known as Oenothera biennis, the evening primrose is medically valuable due to the high presence of fatty acids in it. It may alleviate inflammation by inhibiting certain compounds responsible for inflammation. The most important activity of evening primrose is that it is good for managing breast pain3. In a study3, it was found to have similar effects as Vitamin E on breast pain. You can use the essential oil obtained from evening primrose as a quick remedy for breast pain by adding a few drops in tea and drinking it. You can also add it to hot water and drink it. Sometimes, it can be mixed in a carrier oil and used for massaging the breasts.
Turmeric might have antioxidant properties similar to vitamins E and C. A study3 showed that curcumin given to women before their menstrual period helped reduce the breast pain that they experienced. You can mix a little turmeric powder in warm milk and drink it before your periods begin to decrease breast pain. It may prove to be a useful hack for cyclic breast pain.
The chaste tree, also known as Vitex agnus-castus, is a plant with long-fingered leaves. Traditionally, it was used to deal with women’s fertility disorders, including PMS and breast pain (cyclic mastalgia). A study5 on humans shows that the chaste tree might be helpful in managing breast pain. You can use a few drops of chaste tree oil by mixing in warm water or tea with a little bit of honey. This remedy might help reduce your breast pain.
The oil of orange skin (Citrus sinensis) contains many components that might benefit the central nervous system, such as pain reduction, muscle relaxation, and mood elevation. A study3 showed that consuming orange skin essential oil over time could reduce the effects of PMS on the body. Therefore, it may be used as a remedy to get relief from breast pain. Add a few drops of orange skin essential oil to a cup of warm water and drink it. To reap its beneficial effects for breast pain, you might have to follow the remedy diligently. However, it is better to consult a doctor if the pain persists or the condition worsens. he pain persists or the condition worsens.
Wheat germ contains multiple nutrients, minerals and vitamins, making it helpful for managing various diseases. . So, a study6 was conducted to see if it is effective in alleviating breast pain. In this study, it was seen that wheat germ consumption significantly reduced breast pain in women. You can include wheat in your diet to obtain the benefits of wheat germ. You can also try wheat germ oil by mixing a few drops in a glass of water and honey and drinking it.
The extract of the plant Ginkgo biloba was found to be useful in the management of breast pain. The effectiveness of this plant extract was seen in a study3 when the extract was consumed over a while. You can use dried Gingko that is often available in the market and boil it in water to obtain a decoction.
A quick remedy for breast pain would be to apply heat or cold to it. To the most painful area on your breast, you can apply heat, but make sure to protect your skin. You can use a hot or cold pack for application on the breast, but if it is too hot or too cold, it can damage your skin, so make sure that you use an optimum temperature for heat or cold compress. Though there are studies that show the benefits of the given herbs and home remedies for breast pain, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of these herbs and home remedies on human health. Thus, these should only be taken under the guidance and supervision of your doctor.
A clinical breast examination supplemented with an ultrasound or a mammogram are good starting points to diagnose causes of persistent breast pain.
Dr Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Ear Pain
You should visit a doctor and seek their advice if you notice the following:
You must not completely rely on home remedies for the management of breast pain. You should consult a qualified doctor for any advice related to breast pain and related symptoms.
The most common type of breast pain is linked to the menstrual cycle. It is nearly always hormonal. Some women begin to have pain around the time of ovulation. The pain continues until the start of their menstrual cycle which doesn’t require any treatment
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS MD(Pediatrics)
Breast pain, also called mastalgia, can occur due to many reasons such as hormone changes (puberty, pregnancy and menopause), certain medications, increased caffeine intake, smoking, etc. It is very common and can occur along with menstrual period (cyclic) or not (non-cyclic), and it varies in severity with each person. Although it goes away on its own, you can try a few natural remedies for breast pain like turmeric, orange skin oil, wheat germ or cold compress. You can try a few of them and see what sticks with you. However, if the pain persists for more than a few days, or you notice a discharge from the nipples or have signs of infection (redness, swelling and fever), you should visit a doctor.
Also Read: Can You Increase Your Breast Size Naturally? Here’s What Doctors Want You To Know
Yes, turmeric has curcumin which was found to be effective in relieving breast soreness in studies7. You can use a little bit of turmeric powder by mixing it in warm milk and drinking it daily. But it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper advice.
You can use an ice pack or hot compress to apply to the sore area of your breast as a quick home remedy for breast pain. Ensure that the object you use for the hot compress is not too hot as it can damage your skin.
There are several home remedies for breast pain which you can use, like turmeric, evening primrose, chaste tree, orange skin oil, kalonji, etc. You can try a few or all of them to relieve breast pain. However, if the problem persists, you should consult your doctor.
No. Breast pain does not always indicate breast cancer. You can have breast pain due to your menstrual period, pregnancy, menopause, certain medicines, smoking, increased caffeine intake, etc. However, if you feel lumps in your breast that don’t go away, you should visit a doctor.
No. There is inadequate research supporting the use of methi for the management of breast pain. There is a need for more scientific studies to back the use of methi for breast pain.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Reducing belly fat is a common goal for many, not just for appearance but also to lower health risks like diabetes, obesity, and heart disease[¹]. Belly fat, also known as visceral fat, accumulates in the abdominal area and is also common among men[¹]. While regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential for reducing belly fat, there are also simple home remedies that can support your journey toward a healthier and more active life.
Friendly Reminder: The information shared here is for educational purposes only and the reader should consult a registered medical practitioner before implementing any changes to their health routine.
Reasons that can cause fat accumulation in your body are:
Some other factors can also lead to fat accumulation in the body:
Today, more and more people are becoming aware and want to have a healthy body. Here are some home remedies that might help to lose belly fat.
Doing a moderate amount of physical exercise may help combat belly fat. You can start by doing 30 minutes of moderate to high-intensity exercise each day to help manage belly fat and reduce weight. You can slowly increase your exercise duration. Exercising with weights (strength training) is an effective way to manage belly fat. Other effective options are sit-ups and crunches[¹].
Diet plays an important role in fat deposition in the body. Pay close attention to the quality and quantity of food that you eat. Make vegetables, fruit, and wholegrain a part of your everyday diet. Avoid simple carbohydrates like white bread, sugary drinks, and refined grains[¹]. Here are some good eating habits that you can follow for healthy living:
Making suitable diet changes and changing eating habits is an effective way to reduce belly fat.
Intake of capsicum or chilli pepper may help reduce accumulated fat in the body. Also, capsicum might be valuable to promote the use of fat collected in the body[5]. You can add capsicum to your foods but remember to use it in moderation.
Ginger may offer many health benefits for people wanting to reduce belly fat. Taking ginger is associated with enhanced fat metabolism in the body. Ginger could also facilitate the usage of fat in the body. Taking ginger also helps reduce fat storage in the body, causing an overall reduction in body weight[5].
Turmeric has many health advantages. Turmeric may reduce the fat deposit in the body. It could help reduce body fat and body weight as per studies[5]. You can mix some turmeric in a glass of warm water and consume it every morning may help reduce belly fat.
Cumin or jeera is a common seed used as a spice in many Indian households. Cumin has many health benefits and is often used for dealing with diarrhoea and other stomach diseases. In addition, intake of cumin may help enhance fat breakdown in the body and reduce appetite[6]. These benefits of cumin might help you reduce belly fat and attain a healthy weight yourself.
Lemons are known to promote fat metabolism and manage body weight and fat accumulation[7]. Lemon might help reduce the accumulation of belly fat in some cases. Add some lemon juice to a glass of warm water and drink it first thing in the morning. Do not consume lemon or lemon juice if it does not suit you.
Green tea is a popular beverage used to maintain health and helps prevent numerous diseases and it could also reduce fat accumulation in the body. Use your choice of freshly brewed green tea (avoid plastic tea bags) to replace sugary beverages like tea or other packaged drinks. Other benefits like reduction in body weight and fatty tissues have also been observed[8]. Brew a cup of green tea and drink it every morning to help reduce belly fat and manage weight.
Stay aware of your eating habits and physical activity with positive intent. Mindful eating may help with gaining satisfaction and reduce the chances of overeating. Make healthy choices and manage portions.
Yoga asanas can help reduce weight and do wonders in managing stress. Stress is a known risk factor for weight gain and can contribute to belly weight. Learn yoga under the guidance of a certified yoga trainer for best results[9].
While some studies suggest that certain herbs and home remedies like those mentioned above may help reduce belly fat, the evidence is not comprehensive enough. More research is needed to understand the actual benefits of these remedies. Hence, they should be approached with caution and should never replace substitute medical treatment.
You can contact your doctor and seek medical help:
You must not rely on home remedies alone for the management of belly fat. It is also advisable to consult a qualified doctor for advice if your condition doesn’t improve.
Also Read: 10+ Easy Home Remedies To Reduce Weight
Belly fat, or abdominal obesity, is not just a matter of appearance; it’s a well-established risk factor for serious health conditions such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. With growing awareness of these health risks, more people are making healthy lifestyle choices to reduce belly fat. However, it’s important to remember that underlying factors such as chronic conditions, hormonal imbalances, and ongoing medications can also contribute to belly fat. Addressing these root causes is important for long-term success. Always consult your doctor for guidance on managing abdominal obesity effectively.
Also Read: Acidity Problems? 21 Home Remedies That Can Help
Herbs like turmeric, ginger, green tea, chilli pepper, cumin and lemon might help you burn the fat accumulated in the belly. There is no evidence to prove these benefits. Doing regular physical exercise and maintaining a healthy diet are other proven ways to help you reduce belly fat[¹].
Yes, some studies have found green tea to be an effective option for reducing belly fat. This is because green tea contains active compounds that help reduce fat accumulation in the body[8]. It is important to understand that reducing fat depends on overall diet (calorie intake) and physical activity (calorie expenditure) along with other factors.
You need to avoid sugary drinks, simple carbohydrates like white bread and foods made of refined grains[¹]. Cut down on oily, fried and processed foods.
Excessive buildup of fat in the belly can lead to obesity, diabetes, heart diseases, kidney diseases, high blood pressure, fatty liver disease, and cancer. It can also lead to problems in pregnancy in women[4].
1. Harvard Health. Abdominal fat and what to do about it [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 8]. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/abdominal-fat-and-what-to-do-about-it
2. Penn Medicine. Obesity – Symptoms and Causes [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 8]. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/obesity
3. Healthdirect. Obesity – signs, symptoms, causes and complications [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 8]. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/obesity
4. NIDDK. Health Risks of Overweight & Obesity [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 8]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks
5. Jiang TA. Health Benefits of Culinary Herbs and Spices. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL [Internet]. 2019 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Jun 8];102(2):395–411. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jaoac/article/102/2/395/5658185
6. Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Abedi F, Sharifi N, Karamali F, Kashan ZF, et al. The Effect of Cumin cyminum L. Plus Lime Administration on Weight Loss and Metabolic Status in Overweight Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal [Internet]. 2016 Aug 1 [cited 2022 Jun 8];18(8):34212. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27781121/
7. Fukuchi Y, Hiramitsu M, Okada M, Hayashi S, Nabeno Y, Osawa T, et al. Lemon Polyphenols Suppress Diet-induced Obesity by Up-Regulation of mRNA Levels of the Enzymes Involved in β-Oxidation in Mouse White Adipose Tissue. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2022 Jun 8];43(3):201. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19015756/
8. Sae-Tan S, Grove KA, Lambert JD. Weight control and prevention of metabolic syndrome by green tea. Pharmacological Research. 2011 Aug 1;64(2):146–54. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043661810002380 9. Cramer H, Thoms MS, Anheyer D, Lauche R, Dobos G. Yoga in women with abdominal obesity—a randomized controlled trial. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2016 Sep 30;113(39):645-652. PMID: 27776622. [cited 2025 Feb 25]. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5098025/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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