You’ve probably heard of this disclaimer on multiple occasions – ‘smoking is injurious to health’. What you may not immediately realise is the extent of the damage smoking can cause to your health and, most directly, your lungs.
Smoking is known to be the leading cause of preventable diseases and deaths globally. Nearly all forms of lung cancer, the top cause of cancer death in both men and women, can be attributed to smoking. Tobacco and tobacco-related products can damage the lungs’ ability to supply oxygen to the body. Other substances commonly found in cigarette smoke can cause permanent lung damage, even in small amounts.
A single puff of cigarette smoke contains upwards of 7,000 chemicals. Tobacco smoke contains over 70 known cancer-causing chemicals2. When you breathe these in, these toxins go deep into your lungs and can cause swelling, resulting in a host of other respiratory diseases.
Both tobacco and chemical substances found in cigarettes can change the cellular structure of the lungs. They can cause the elastic walls within the airways to break down – resulting in less functioning surface area in the lungs. Cigarettes can damage lung tissue, preventing them from functioning correctly. This can increase the risk of diseases caused by smoking, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, respiratory diseases, asthma and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)1.
Nicotine in tobacco can also damage the ability of the respiratory system to filter out dust and dirt. This can lead to toxic substances passing through, resulting in lung congestion and the ‘smoker’s cough’.
A person who smokes throughout life is at high risk of developing a range of potentially fatal diseases owing to impaired lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways and excess mucus build-up. They are also prone to weakening the lungs’ clearance system, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances and causing lung irritation and damage. Further, they are also at an increased risk of lung infection, chronic bronchitis and heightened risk of asthma, along with permanent damage to air sacs3.
In the longer term, smoking is known to induce heart disease and stroke, in certain cases, it can cause ulcers of the digestive system and put smokers at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Most smokers are also likely to develop emphysema. The number of cigarettes you smoke and other lifestyle factors may impact the extent of the damage. If you’re diagnosed with either of these respiratory diseases – emphysema or chronic bronchitis, you run the risk of being diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Also Read: Does Smoking Really Affect Your Brain?
Smoking can affect a person’s health in other ways, too, harming almost every organ in the body. In most cases, it can result in a compromised immune system function, making you susceptible to many other illnesses. It can also lead to lower bone density (brittle bones), which increases the risk of broken bones and fractures. Smoking also leaves you at a higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease and stroke, along with an increased risk for cataracts (clouding of the eye lenses).
Apart from respiratory diseases, other visible disorders include an increased risk of oral cancers, gum disease and tooth loss, premature ageing of the skin, bad breath and stained teeth and an increased risk for age-related macular degeneration, which can lead to blindness. Moreover, even your wounds may take longer to heal!
Also Read: 6 Simple Exercises to Improve Your Lung Health
It’s never too late to quit smoking. Within days of quitting smoking, lungs begin to repair themselves. In fact, just 12 hours after you quit, the amount of carbon monoxide in your blood drops to a much healthier level. More oxygen flows to your vital organs and you will be able to breathe better. In about 10 to 15 years, your risk of developing lung cancer reduces and may even become the same as a non-smoker4.
Also Read: How to Avoid Asthma Attacks During Winter
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US); Office on Smoking and Health (US). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2010. 7, Pulmonary Diseases. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53021/
2. National Cancer Institute. Harms of Cigarette Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; reviewed 19 December 2017 [cited 2025 Sep 19]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cessation-fact-sheet
3. Varghese J, Muntode Gharde P. A Comprehensive Review on the Impacts of Smoking on the Health of an Individual. Cureus. 2023 Oct 5;15(10):e46532. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46532. PMID: 37927763; PMCID: PMC10625450. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10625450/
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Benefits of Quitting Smoking [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC; updated May 15, 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 19]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/benefits-of-quitting.html
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
10
31st May is known as the ”World No Tobacco Day” and for a good reason too1. Did you know that more than 10 million die each year in India due to tobacco? India is home to 12% of the world’s smokers, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). You have heard numerous people tell you that smoking affects your lungs. You have seen the gross pictures on cigarette packs but smoked anyway. But did you know that smoking affects your brain too?
Nicotine works like the various neurotransmitters that are already there in our brain. It activates dopamine signals that result in a pleasant sensation in your brain. With the passing of time and more smoking, the brain reduces acetylcholine receptors to compensate for the increased signalling activity. As a result, nicotine tolerance is created in the brain2.
The brain ends up needing more nicotine. As nicotine mimics the work of dopamine that provides the feel-good factor, your brain starts associating smoking (nicotine use) with feeling good. The nicotine in cigarettes changes your brain and makes you suffer from withdrawal symptoms when you try to quit. You start feeling irritable, anxious, and your body has a strong craving for nicotine. As a result of these symptoms, most people reach for another cigarette, and then another and are unable to quit.
Brain size and volume is associated with higher intelligence and better cognitive functioning. The average brain volume in adult males is 1260 cubic cm and 1130 cubic cm in adult females. According to a 2017 study2, the longer you smoke, the more your brain loses volume with vital tissues shrivelling up.
Smoking affects the subcortical brain regions. The subcortical areas of the brain are associated with pleasure, hormone production, emotion, and memory. Smokers thus develop age-related loss of brain volume that leads to an increased risk of dementia and is one of the ways how smoking harms the brain.
Dementia is a syndrome that is characterized by deterioration in thinking, memory, behaviour, and the ability to perform everyday activities. It is said to affect older people mainly, but it is not a normal part of ageing. Since smoking affects the subcortical regions of the brain that are associated with memory, it puts smokers at a higher risk of dementia.
In 2015, a research team reviewed 37 studies that compared smokers and non-smokers and found that smokers were 30 % more likely to be affected by dementia. Quitting smoking can decrease the risk of dementia in the person4.
Cigarette smoking has been associated with dementia and dementia-related brain changes, notably gray matter (GM) volume atrophy. These associations are thought to reflect the co-morbidity of smoking and vascular, respiratory, and substance use/psychological conditions.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)
One of the smoking effects on brain is cognitive decline, which usually happens as people get older. But in smokers, it starts much earlier. Signs and symptoms of cognitive decline include:
In 2012, the cognitive data of about 7,000 men and women were studied for 12 years. The researchers found that smokers experienced a much more rapid cognitive decline than non-smokers. Middle-aged male smokers were found to be more at risk than female smokers4.
If you smoke say, 20 cigarettes a day, you are 6 times more likely to have a stroke than a non-smoker. Tobacco contains over 7,000 harmful chemicals, including formaldehyde, cyanide, arsenic, and carbon monoxide. These toxic chemicals get transferred from the lungs to the blood. They make platelets more likely to stick together. Platelets help in clotting the blood in case of blood loss, but if the platelets stick together, it increases the chance of clot-forming5.
Smokers are at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis where arteries become hardened and narrow. It restricts smooth blood flow making the formation of blood clots more likely. If a clot forms in an artery leading to the brain, it can block the blood supply to a part of the brain resulting in a stroke. This is known as ischaemic stroke. Smoking is said to double the risk of having an ischaemic stroke. If a person quits smoking, within 5 years, his/her risk of stroke will start decreasing to that of a non-smoker.
Smoking releases a severe amount of toxicity in our bodies. There are about 60 known cancer-causing substances in tobacco6. The chemicals that make up a cigarette are:
Smoking also causes a temporary spike in blood pressure, which can weaken the arterial walls and make them more prone to form an aneurysm and rupture. The harmful chemicals in a cigarette are also implicated in the causation of brain cancer.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Smoking affects the brain and hence, mental health. Sometimes, bad mental health makes people take up smoking and worsen their conditions. Other times, it is the other way around7.
The nicotine from cigarettes alters the brain. It makes the brain connect ‘feeling good’ to smoking. Quitting smoking becomes tough after some time because smokers start suffering from withdrawal symptoms. They then find solace in smoking and fall prey to the dangerous cycle and become addicted.
How many times have you heard somebody say, ‘I’m feeling stressed out, I need to smoke right now’ or ‘Smoking makes me feel relaxed’7?
Stress is very common and can cause symptoms like headaches, irritability, anxiety, and/or breathlessness at times. Smoking increases the occurrence of these symptoms. Smokers start feeling the symptoms if they do not smoke for a long time and associate smoking with being a reliever of stress.
Nicotine mimics the work of dopamine, prompting the brain to switch off its mechanism that makes and secretes dopamine. In the long term, the supply of dopamine decreases in the brain and inspires people to smoke more. There is a complex relationship between depression and smoking. Smokers with depression have more trouble quitting as withdrawal symptoms become more severe in them7.
Research has shown smoking increases tension and anxiety. The relaxed feeling that smokers talk about after a quick smoke fades away just as quickly. It is hugely short-lived and only adds more jitteriness in the smoker, making him/her reach for more7.
It has been reported that people who suffer from a serious mental disorder known as Schizophrenia tend to be heavy smokers. Some people suffering from this disorder have claimed that smoking helps them to numb the debilitating symptoms of schizophrenia and also to mitigate the side effects experienced from the medication for the same. Ironically, recent research has found that excessive smoking may very well be one of the causes for the onset of schizophrenia. However, since there is more research required to fully confirm this, it has not yet received mainstream acceptance. Nevertheless, it is best to avoid smoking to reduce the risk of developing such mental disorders8.
Yes, e-cigarettes have negative effects on the brain too. National Institute on Drug Abuse has reported that the nicotine in e-cigarettes goes about making similar harmful changes in the brain. E-cigarette vapour contains harmful chemicals too hence it is not a way out.
If all this information on how smoking affects the brain has you worried, you can always try quitting. Most addictions are hard to overcome. But since smoking has been around for a while there are well-established methods to try out. Keep in mind, since everyone is different not all approaches will work the same for you. Some may be more effective than others, do what works best for you9.
Absolutely! Within 20 minutes of quitting smoking, your heart rate will slow down. Within 12 hours, levels of carbon monoxide in your blood will start decreasing. Within 3 months, lung functions and blood circulation will start getting better. Within a year of quitting, your risk of having a heart attack will start decreasing by a whopping 50 %. Within 5 to 15 years, your risk of suffering a stroke will reduce to that of a non-smoker.
Also Read: What Happens To Your Lungs From Smoking? Things You Should Know
1. World Health Organization. World No Tobacco Day – 31 May is World No Tobacco Day [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2025 Dec 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-no-tobacco-day
2. Valentine G, Sofuoglu M. Cognitive Effects of Nicotine: Recent Progress. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018;16(4):403-414. doi: 10.2174/1570159X15666171103152136. PMID: 29110618; PMCID: PMC6018192. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6018192/
3. Chang Y, Thornton V, Chaloemtoem A, Anokhin AP, Bijsterbosch J, Bogdan R, Hancock DB, Johnson EO, Bierut LJ. Investigating the Relationship Between Smoking Behavior and Global Brain Volume. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2023 Oct 6;4(1):74-82. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.09.006. PMID: 38130847; PMCID: PMC10733671. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10733671/
4. Peters R, Poulter R, Warner J, Beckett N, Burch L, Bulpitt C. Smoking, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly, a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2008 Dec 23;8:36. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-8-36. PMID: 19105840; PMCID: PMC2642819. Available from:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2642819/
5. Shah RS, Cole JW. Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Jul;8(7):917-32. doi: 10.1586/erc.10.56. PMID: 20602553; PMCID: PMC2928253. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2928253/
6. Vida S, Richardson L, Cardis E, Krewski D, McBride M, Parent ME, Abrahamowicz M, Leffondré K, Siemiatycki J. Brain tumours and cigarette smoking: analysis of the INTERPHONE Canada case-control study. Environ Health. 2014 Jun 27;13:55. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-55. PMID: 24972852; PMCID: PMC4088305. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4088305/
7. Boksa P. Smoking, psychiatric illness and the brain. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2017 May;42(3):147-149. doi: 10.1503/jpn.170060. PMID: 28440208; PMCID: PMC5403659. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5403659/
8. Ding JB, Hu K. Cigarette Smoking and Schizophrenia: Etiology, Clinical, Pharmacological, and Treatment Implications. Schizophr Res Treatment. 2021 Dec 13;2021:7698030. doi: 10.1155/2021/7698030. PMID: 34938579; PMCID: PMC8687814. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687814/
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tips For Quitting. Tips From Former Smokers. 2024 Sept 27 [cited 2025 Dec 05]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/tips-for-quitting/index.html
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
20
2
For any big disease, early detection plays a crucial role in improving the chances of successful treatment and survival. One such disease is cancer, where abnormal body cells grow and multiply uncontrollably, and can invade and damage nearby healthy tissues1.
There are several types of cancer, and a lot of them develop gradually and may show only mild signs in the early stages2. These signs are often ignored or mistaken for other health conditions. Being aware of these early warning signs can help individuals seek medical advice at the right time and take appropriate action2.
In addition to recognising symptoms, regular screening programmes such as tumour marker tests, mammography, colonoscopy, and Pap smear also play a key role in the early detection of certain cancers2,3 often before symptoms appear.
In this article, we will discuss more early warning signs of cancer, why they are important and when to seek medical attention. The aim here is not to create fear, but to encourage awareness and regular health monitoring for early detection of diseases like cancer.
Warning signs of cancer are unusual or unexpected changes in the body which may indicate that something is not functioning normally1. These can be visible physical symptoms (lumps, bleeding, etc.) or internal symptoms (fatigue, digestive problems, etc.)1,4.
In many cases, early-stage cancer may not cause any noticeable symptoms for months or even years1. Symptoms often appear later, as the disease progresses and begins to affect surrounding tissues or body functions. However, it is important to remember that these symptoms are not always caused by cancer they may also result from common illnesses or temporary health issues.
Still, persistent, recurring, or worsening symptoms should not be ignored. In addition, certain symptoms, such as unexplained bleeding2, coughing up blood5, or bleeding after menopause, require immediate medical attention, even if they occur only once. In such cases, it is important to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis, as early detection can improve the survival rate.
The following are some early warning signs of cancer in your body that you should not ignore.
Sudden weight loss without any changes in diet is a warning sign. This is a common sign in both men and women. Cancer causes the way your body burns energy leading to weight loss. Lack of appetite during this time is also a contributing factor. This is usually seen in cancers related to the pancreas, head, neck, lungs, and upper digestive system6.
Extreme tiredness that does not improve with rest may be a sign. Fatigue in cancer is often due to anaemia, inflammation in the body or changes in the metabolism and energy levels in the body. It can also affect the mind and emotions. It is common in both men and women. It can make you feel exhausted, lazy, and weak. This is common in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, etc7.
A new lump or thickened area under the skin, especially in the breast, neck, armpit, or groin, should be checked. These may indicate abnormal cell growth or swollen lymph nodes. Commonly, swollen lymph nodes are caused by infections in which case they are usually soft and tender. However, lymph nodes that are hard, non-tender, fixed, and continue to grow may be a sign of cancer8. Lumps can be seen in both men and women. A lump in the breast, related to breast cancer, is more likely to occur in women than in men3.
Unusual bleeding, even if you are not hurt, can be a sign of cancer. It can occur in different parts of the body and can be seen in both men and women. Bleeding may appear as vomiting blood (haematemesis), coughing up blood (haemoptysis), or blood in the stool (melena or haematochezia), depending on where it comes from in the body. In women, abnormal bleeding from the vagina or breast may be seen in vaginal or breast cancer9,10. In men, blood in the urine or semen may be associated with prostate cancer11. The blood can appear red, brown or black.
Developing new moles or changes in existing moles, such as in their size, shape, colour (also yellowing of the skin) or texture, or itching, oozing or bleeding from them, are all signs to note. Any non-healing ulcers, skin or nail changes, should not be ignored9. These can be seen in both men and women. These changes are normally signs of skin cancer12.
Ongoing pain without a clear cause that does not improve over time may sometimes indicate cancer, especially if the pain continues for a long period, keeps coming back or gets worse9. Younger people have greater chances of developing more pain compared to adults13. It can be seen in men and in women.
A cough lasting for weeks, coughing up blood, or persistent hoarseness should not be ignored5,14. Coughing up blood (haemoptysis) alone is a serious warning sign and requires prompt medical evaluation. These symptoms can be seen in both men and in women. Such symptoms are normally seen in lung and throat cancer5,14.
Persistent changes in bowel movements are also warning signs to note. These include changes in bowel habits such as diarrhoea, constipation, or more frequent bowel movements, which lasts more than a few days (above 2-3 weeks). These habits are more seen in colorectal (bowel) cancer, as it affects the parts of the digestive system, colon and rectum15 and are seen in men and in women.
Persistent problems such as a sudden urge to urinate, differences in urine stream, frequent urination (particularly at night), pain or burning while urinating, etc., should not be ignored. These signs are common in men. They can occur in prostate cancer11.
Unexplained fever or sweats, particularly at night, may be the warning signs of cancer. These can occur in certain types of cancers, such as lymphoma (particularly night sweat), bone cancer, prostate cancer, leukaemia, etc16. However, these symptoms are not specific and can also be related to certain medications or infections9. In women, increased sweating may also be seen during menopause16.
A persistent feeling of heartburn or discomfort, or pain in the chest, and difficulty in swallowing, causing pain and burning, are the signs that should be taken into consideration9. They can occur in both men and women. These are the signs suggestive of throat cancer, lung cancer and bowel cancer5,14,15.
Early detection of cancer is very important because:
The following are some blood tests that can help detect cancer19:
Note: Screening and early detection methods have certain limitations, including false-positive results (when a test indicates cancer that is not present in real), false-negative results (when cancer is missed), and overdiagnosis (detection of cancers that may not cause harm). A combination of tests, including imaging and blood tests, is generally needed for confirmation.
Also Read: Types of Cancer: Symptoms, Early Signs, Diagnosis & More
You should consider consulting a doctor in the following situations:
People with higher risk factors, including older age, family or personal history of cancer, long-term tobacco or alcohol use, or chronic illnesses, specifically should seek timely medical advice if they notice any unusual or persistent changes18,19.
Also Read: Breast Cancer: Foods to Have and Avoid During and After Treatment
Cancer can often be treated more effectively when detected early. Warning signs like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, lumps, or unusual bleeding should not be ignored. Although these symptoms may not always mean cancer, they can still indicate changes in the body that need attention. Early medical consultation helps in timely diagnosis, better treatment, and improved recovery chances.
Only about 5-10% of cancer cases are caused by inherited genetic defects. About 90-95% are linked to environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, alcohol use, excessive sun exposure, pollution, infections, stress, obesity, etc20.
Cancer starts when normal cells in the body undergo changes (mutations) in their DNA. These changes cause the cells to grow and divide uncontrollably instead of following normal growth patterns. Over time, these abnormal cells can form a mass (tumour) and may spread to other parts of the body4.
Cancer lumps are usually poorly defined, irregular in shape, and may have lobulated edges. They may be me hard, fixed to tissues below and can gradually grow in size over time21.
Cancer often first shows up as small, unusual changes in the body such as a lump, unexplained weight loss, or persistent fatigue. These early signs are usually mild and may slowly worsen over time4,9.
The best anti-cancer foods, or cancer-fighting foods, include berries (raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, etc.), other fruits (bananas, citrus fruits, etc.), whole grains (whole-wheat pasta, raisin bran, barley, oatmeal, etc.), legumes (lentils, black beans, split peas, lima beans, baked beans, etc.) and vegetables (broccoli, spinach, dark green leafy vegetables, peas, etc.)22.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Cancer is one of the major health problems around the world, affecting millions of people every year. Even though there is a big advancement in the medical treatment, many cases are detected very late, making the treatment procedure difficult. This is why knowing cancer is important, especially its early signs and symptoms. Finding cancer early can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery1.
There are different types of cancer, which can affect different body parts, and the early symptoms are often not clear or easy to notice. Common warning signs may include unexplained weight loss, constant tiredness, unusual lumps, unusual sweeting, etc2. Pain is usually a late feature in many cancers, so paying attention to the other changes in the body and consulting a doctor on time is important for diagnosis and improving treatment outcomes.
This article might help you understand the main types of cancer, their early warning signs and how they are diagnosed. The aim is to raise awareness, help detect cancers early, and encourage people to take better care of their health.
Cancer is a disease that happens when normal cells in the body change and start growing uncontrollably, forming a tumour that can spread and harm healthy tissues1. However, all tumours are not cancers. They can be benign or malignant3. Also, not all cancers form solid tumours, such as blood cancers, which have no discrete growth as such4.
The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another through the blood or lymph system is called metastasis. In addition, cancer also spread directly into nearby tissues (local invasion)3 or within body cavities, such as the abdomen6.
The risk of cancer increases with age. This is because, over time, the body builds up more risk factors, and the natural repair system of cells becomes less effective as we grow older1. Other risk factors include family history, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, etc.), viral infections (human papilloma or hepatitis), etc2.
Cancer develops differently in each person, and not all growths are harmful. With early detection and proper treatment, many cancers can be managed effectively1.
There are different types of cancers which can develop in different body parts. Most of these cancers have very few known causes4,7,9. The following might help you understand how many types of cancer exist based on the types of cancer cells.
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in epithelial tissue, which covers the skin and lines the inside of organs and body passages. It can develop in tissues that produce or secrete substances, such as in the breast, lungs, colon, prostate, or bladder, (adenocarcinoma) or in flat, thin cells that form the skin surface and line some internal organs (squamous cell carcinoma)10. The common cause is the accumulation of genetic changes over time, which leads cells to uncontrolled growth of cells. The risk factors that can trigger these genetic alterations including smoking, alcohol consumption, chemical exposure, lack of physical activity, obesity, etc11,12.
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that begins in the body’s supportive and connective tissues like bones, muscles, fat, cartilage, and tendons. It is more common in children and in adolescents, compared to carcinoma. However, several other types (soft tissue sarcomas) can also occur in adults. It often appears as a painful lump, especially in the bones, and the tumour usually looks like the normal tissue from where it starts10. It is commonly caused by mutation in the gene due to exposure to radiation or by certain cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens)9.
Leukaemia is a blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow, the place where blood cells are produced. It disrupts the normal functioning of bone marrow, leading to the reduced production of red blood cells and the platelet count. This can cause problems like fatigue, anaemia, and poor blood clotting10. The risk factors include family history, age and sex, exposure to harmful radiations and chemicals, and viral infections (human T-cell leukaemia virus)4.
Myeloma (multiple myeloma) is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, which are white blood cells that help fight infection by making antibodies8. The plasma cells produce certain types of protein (monoclonal (M) protein/paraprotein) which are found in the blood10. Here, abnormal plasma cells grow too much in the bone marrow and replace healthy blood cells, affecting red cells, white cells, and platelets. The risk factors include age, exposure to x-rays or other radiations, people belonging to specific races, etc8.
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that starts in the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus. This system helps fight infections by supporting the development and activation of white blood cells. It is a type of blood-related (hematologic) cancer, that is often seen as enlarged lymph nodes or mass-like growths. It can also develop in organs like the stomach, breast, or brain10. People with weak immune systems, those on immune-suppressing medicines, Epstein-Barr virus infection, radiation exposure, and those with a family history are at higher risk of developing lymphoma7.
There are several types of cancers. Below are some common types and their symptoms.
Although different types of cancer show different signs and symptoms, there are some warning signs to watch out for. The following are some early signs of cancer that you should not ignore.
Early detection of cancer plays a crucial role in improving outcomes and saving lives. The following says why early detection matters and how it is helpful to patients.
Note: Early detection helps improve outcomes in many cancers like breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, but it is not equally effective for all cancers. Some, like pancreatic cancer, are often found late, while others (e.g., prostate or thyroid cancer) may be over diagnosed. Early treatment can improve well-being but may still cause side effects, and even advanced cancers can sometimes be managed with good care.
The following is a list of blood tests performed in early cancer detection.
Note: Diagnosis of cancer typically requires histopathological confirmation (biopsy); imaging or basic blood screening tests alone are generally not definitive for most cancers.
You should consider seeing a doctor if you notice:
Also Read: Does Masturbating Increase Risk of Prostate Cancer or Vice Versa?
Cancer is a serious condition, but it can often be effectively managed, especially with early detection. Recognising warning signs and going for regular check-ups can greatly improve treatment outcomes. Understanding different types of cancer and their symptoms helps you stay aware and take timely action. Prioritising your health and consulting a doctor when needed can make a life-saving difference.
An MRI cannot test all types of cancer. It is good to detect cancer caused in the brain, soft tissues, breast and colon12,14,21. However, it has limitations in early diagnosis of some types of cancers like lung cancer21.
There are said to be more than 200 types of cancer which affect the organs, tissues, blood, bone marrow and immune system2.
Yes, it is possible for a person to have more than one type of cancer, either at the same time or one after another. This is called multiple primary cancers. Although it is not very common, these cancers start separately in different parts of the body and are not caused by the spread of an existing cancer22.
The silent signs of cancer include:
-Unexplained weight loss
-Lack of appetite
-New or unexplained pain2
-New mole or changes in existing mole (skin changes)
-Unusual bleeding or bruising
-Changes in bowel movement
-Long-term cough or hoarseness17
-Difficulty in breathing or swallowing, chest pain or discomfort, etc11
The most common types of cancer found in women are breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, oral cancer and colorectal cancer23.
The most common types of cancer found in men are prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, oral cancer, stomach cancer and oesophageal cancer23.
1. Cancer. 2025. Doi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
2. Cancer: NHS. 2025. Doi: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cancer/
3. Cancer: Medline. 2025. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html
4. Leukaemia. 2023. Doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/leukaemia
5. Benign. 2025. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002236.htm
6. Menon G, Santillan VR. Peritoneal Surface Malignancies. 2025. Doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541114/
7. Lymphoma. 2025. Doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lymphoma
8. Myeloma Basics. 2025. Doi: https://www.cdc.gov/myeloma/about/index.html
9. Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Soft Tissue Sarcomas. 2026. Doi: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention.html
10. Cancer Classification. Doi: https://training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/categories/classification.html
11. Lung Cancer. 2025. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html
12. Breast Cancer. 2025. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html
13. Colorectal Cancer. 2024. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html
14. Bowel cancer (colon and rectal cancer). 2023. Doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bowel-cancer
15. Prostate Cancer. 2024. Doi: https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html
16. Sathe NC, Zito PM. Skin Cancer. 2025. Doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441949/
17. Symptoms of Cancer. 2019. Doi: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/symptoms
18. Imai M, Nakamura Y, Yoshino T. Transforming cancer screening: the potential of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) technologies. Int J Clin Oncol. 2025;30(2):180-193. doi:10.1007/s10147-025-02694-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39799530/
19. Tumor Marker Tests in Common Use. 2023. Doi: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-list
20. How Cancer Is Diagnosed. 2023. Doi: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis
21. Sim AJ, Kaza E, Singer L, Rosenberg SA. A review of the role of MRI in diagnosis and treatment of early stage lung cancer. Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology. 2020;24:16-22. doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2020.06.002. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7306507/
22. Vogt A, Schmid S, Heinimann K, et al. Multiple primary tumours: challenges and approaches, a review. ESMO Open. 2017;2(2):e000172. doi:10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000172. https://www.esmoopen.com/article/S2059-7029(20)32451-0/fulltext
23. Kalra K. Common Cancers in India, theirincreasing incidence. Symptomswhich need immediate attention. Doi: https://www.cghs.mohfw.gov.in/CGHSGrievance/FormFlowXACTION?hmode=ftpFileDownload&fileName=23052025114829_Common-Cancers-in-India-their-increasing-incidence-(9-November-2021)-.pdf&folderName=Circular&isGlobal=1
24. Nicholson BD, Hamilton W, O’Sullivan J, Aveyard P, Hobbs FR. Weight loss as a predictor of cancer in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2018;68(670):e311-e322. doi:10.3399/bjgp18X695801. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29632004/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Noticing a lump under the armpit can be unsettling and often makes you anxious. It is extremely normal to get worried when you notice something like this in such sensitive areas. But an important thing is that not all lumps under the armpit are dangerous; many are harmless and may result from minor infections, use of certain medications or vaccines or may be a benign cyst1. Still, it is important to consult your doctor for confirmation.
This article is a guide which might help you understand what the armpit lumps actually are, how they are caused, their symptoms and diagnostic procedures, and the treatment methods followed. It will also discuss some simple home-based approaches for minor cases. So, let’s go ahead!
Armpit lumps are any bumps or swelling felt under the armpit. They can be present under the skin of your armpit or deep inside. These lumps can be soft or hard, moving or fixed at a position, and painless or painful. They can occur along with several other symptoms. A common reason behind armpit lumps is the swelling of lymph nodes in this region2.
These lumps in most cases are harmless, whereas sometimes they may also indicate underlying conditions which need medical attention1,2. Understanding their nature is the first step in knowing when to monitor them and when to seek medical advice.
Armpits can develop lumps for various reasons. The following describes the most common armpit lump causes:
As the lump under the armpit can arise from a variety of causes, each cause can put forward different symptoms. The following are some symptoms that you may experience if you have an armpit lump
Note: The symptoms of lumps, if persisting for a while, should not be ignored, as they can also indicate dangerous conditions like HIV or certain cancers. Therefore, consult your doctor if the symptoms are not resolving or getting worse than before.
Doctors typically use a combination of clinical evaluation and tests to determine armpit lump causes. These include:
Although some types resolve themselves, certain types might require medical/surgical management. Armpit lump treatment is employed by doctors based on the causes and can include the following:
While medical treatment is the cornerstone of management for lumps that don’t resolve spontaneously or are bothersome, the following armpit lump home remedies may be tried:
Note: Home care tips should be followed only alongside medical treatment, if advised. Avoid solely relying on them as they cannot heal the problem permanently. Although some cases resolve by themselves, consulting a doctor is very important to understand how to cure an armpit lump, especially if the lump persists, grows, or becomes painful.
A lump under the armpit, if left untreated, can worsen the condition. The following are possible complications of armpit lumps.
Lump under the armpit caused by conditions like infections, ingrown hair, etc., can be avoided by following certain tips such as the following:
Note: These are just general tips which might help reduce the occurrence of lumps; following these doesn’t necessarily mean that someone may not get related infections or conditions.
Armpit lumps are often surrounded by common misconceptions, but understanding the facts can help reduce unnecessary worry and ensure timely medical care. The following are a few common myths which are widespread:
| Sr No. | Myths | Facts |
| 1 | All armpit lumps are cancerous | This is not true; while lumps under the armpit may result from cancer, they can also be due to bacterial or viral infections, ingrown hair, allergic or inflammatory conditions, and certain medications. Some are just non-cancerous cysts or fatty tissue collection1,2. |
| 2 | Lumps under armpits are always painful. | This is false. Armpit lumps may not be always painful; they can be sometimes just be a painless growth, such as lipomas (fatty tissue collection)2,10. |
| 3 | Only women get armpit lumps. | There is a common belief that armpit lumps develop only in women possibly owing to their connection with breast cancer1, however, this is incorrect. There are several other causes of armpit lumps which can affect men as well. |
| 4 | If a lump is not painful, it is nothing serious. | While some of the painless lumps may not be harmful, some can indicate serious conditions like lymphoma15. Even though asymptomatic, getting any persistent lump investigated by a doctor is always the right approach. |
| 5 | Armpit lumps always need surgery | All types of armpit lumps do not demand surgery; surgeries are only done if they are bothersome and don’t go away after primary treatment methods such as local or systemic medication or are cancerous. Certain types of lumps do not even need treatment; they might go away by themselves after a while2,4,10. |
There are certain signs that you should not ignore if you have armpit lumps. Consult a doctor immediately:
Also Read: Home Remedies for Dark Underarms
Armpit lumps are a common concern and are often harmless, usually caused by infections, irritation, or swollen lymph nodes. However, some cases may indicate underlying conditions that require medical attention. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you respond appropriately. While simple home care may help in minor cases, it is important to consult a doctor if the lump persists, grows, or is associated with other symptoms. Early evaluation provides peace of mind and helps get timely and appropriate treatment when needed.
Cancerous lumps are usually painless, hard and non-movable1. They can be seen growing, changing in size and shape. These lumps might also be pigmented (red or purple) or easy to bleed. Most importantly they do not heal.15,16
Lump in one armpit may mostly be associated with swollen node reaction towards infections, allergies or irritation (shaving).
Not all armpit lumps are sign of breast cancer; they may have several causes. However, someone with breast cancer can have armpit lump as an important indicator1.
Deodorants or antiperspirants may cause allergies leading to an armpit lump1.
Yes; shaving can cause armpit lumps, especially in teenagers who have just started shaving1.
1. Armpit Lump. 2025. doi: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003099.htm
2. Lump Under Armpit. 2025. doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lump-under-armpit
3. Boils and Curbuncles. 2022. doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513141/
4. Ingrown Hair. 2023. doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ingrown-hair
5. Ah-Thiane L, Ferrer L, Maucherat B, et al. Vaccine-Related Lymph Nodes: The Emerging Pitfalls of 18F-Fluorocholine and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in the Era of COVID-19 Vaccination. Clin Nucl Med. 2022;47(7):575-582. doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000004190. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35675134/
6. Tests for Breast Cancer. 2023. doi: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/getting-diagnosed/tests
7. Computer Tomography. US FDA. https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/computed-tomography-ct
8. MRI Scan. 2014. doi: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/mri-scan
9. X-Ray. doi: https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html
10. Lipoma. 2025. doi: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lipoma
11. Hidradenitis Superativa. doi: https://medlineplus.gov/hidradenitissuppurativa.html
12. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). 2023. doi: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hidradenitis-suppurativa/
13. Weir CB, J N, Hilaire. Epidermal Inclusion Cyst. 2023. doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532310/
14. Lymphedema. 2024. doi: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema
15. What Are the Symptoms of Lymphoma. doi: https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/lymphoma/what-are-symptoms-lymphoma
16. Skin Lumps. 2025. doi: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003279.htm
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
The journey to motherhood often starts before pregnancy; even slight changes in your lifestyle might bring about a major difference in fertility. Female fertility refers to a woman’s natural ability to conceive1. It depends on healthy ovulation, balanced hormones and egg quality2.
Diet is considered as one of the important factors supporting reproductive health. A diet comprised of nutritious foods might help maintain hormonal balance, support regular ovulation, and improve egg quality, hence providing a positive impact on female fertility, due to the presence of vitamins, minerals, healthy fats and antioxidants1.
On the other hand, unhealthy eating habits and highly processed foods may disrupt reproductive health and might negatively impact female fertility3. Therefore, choosing the right foods, avoiding certain unhealthy foods, and following a healthy lifestyle might help support fertility and reproductive health in females.
In this article, we will discuss more on the relation between diet and fertility. We will talk on topics such as food that increases fertility in women, foods to avoid, nutrients that support fertility and also share some dietary tips and lifestyle habits to follow for improving reproductive health.
Diet plays an important role in supporting female fertility. The nutrients you consume can affect hormone balance, ovulation, egg quality, and overall reproductive health.
Hormones play a crucial role in menstruation and ovulation1. Eating a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, and healthy fats helps maintain proper hormone levels. Certain nutrients such as folate, iron, zinc and antioxidants are especially important for fertility. These support egg development and protect reproductive cells from damage1.
Diet might also influence ovulation, which is the process of releasing an egg from the ovary4. An unhealthy diet might interfere with this process and can contribute to ovulation disorders1. This, in turn, can reduce the chances of conception.
Body weight plays an important role in reproductive health. Being underweight or overweight may disturb hormone levels and menstrual cycles. A proper diet can help maintain body weight and improve ovulation3,4, which in turn, improves reproductive health.
Therefore, following a healthy and balanced diet not only improves overall health but also supports hormone regulation, egg quality, and regular ovulation, all of which are essential for female fertility.
Some nutrients are especially important for female fertility because they support hormonal balance, ovulation, and reproductive health. They include:
Following are some fertility boosting foods for females.
These include kale, spinach, collard, palak, etc. They are rich in nutrients like vitamin A, folic acid, iron, calcium, etc1,7. Hence, they may be helpful in maintaining hormonal balance and healthy ovulation.
How to include in diet: Can be consumed by adding it to vegetables, salads, soups, stir-fries or by preparing it as roti, dosa, etc., as breakfast or a midday snack.
These include salmon, sardines, mackerel, etc. They are rich in nutrients like vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids1, flavonoids, and polyphenols3. These nutrients are beneficial in improving egg quality3, supporting ovulation, enhancing hormonal balance and reducing reproductive organ inflammation6.
How to include in diet: Can be consumed by grilling or baking, by adding in salads or in curries during breakfast, dinner or lunch.
These include almonds, walnuts, Brazel nuts, etc. They are rich in nutrients like vitamin E3, iron, folate, calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, etc7.Since they are enriched with these nutrients, nuts might be helpful in reducing oxidative stress and improving egg quality3, helping ovulation, maintaining hormonal levels6, and improving blood flow to the ovaries8.
How to consume: Can be taken by adding in yoghurt, smoothies, or oatmeal during breakfast or as a midday or evening snack.
These are rich in protein, folate, vitamin D1, iron, iodine, vitamin B127, etc. These nutrients are helpful in reducing inflammation and managing reproductive health, lowering the chances of anovulation (ovaries skipping the release of eggs during a cycle) and other ovulation disorders1, and improve egg quality9.
How to include in diet: Can be consumed by boiling, by making scrambled versions, or by including in salads, sandwiches, or curries, during breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
These include oats, brown rice, quinoa, etc. They are rich in dietary fibre, carbohydrates, and some vitamins1,7. Consuming diets with low glycaemic index and whole grains can help support reproductive health by regulating the activity of insulin, which may influence female sex hormones10.
How to include in diet: Can consume as an alternative to refined grains, like brown rice instead of white rice, oatmeal, quinoa in salads and bowls, etc., as lunch or dinner.
These include strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, etc. They are rich in antioxidants like flavonoids, polyphenols3, resveratrol, lupiol5, vitamin C7, etc. These antioxidants present in the berries might help reduce oxidative damage and improve the egg quality, reduce inflammation3, support ovulation, and protect against age-related fertility decline11.
How to include in diet: Can be added to smoothies, yoghurt, cereal, or enjoy them as a healthy midday or evening snack.
Enriched with several nutrients, these can be the best fertility foods when trying to get pregnant.
The following are the foods that you should avoid if you are trying to conceive.
These include fried or processed foods such as packaged snacks, instant noodles, red or processed meat, fast foods, etc., which often contain high amounts of unhealthy fats and preservatives. They can increase the risk of ovulation disorders and cause oxidative stress, increasing the chances of infertility12.
These include candies, pastries, soft drinks, sweetened juices, etc., which might cause sudden spikes in the blood sugar level. They might contribute to insulin resistance, diabetes and abnormal levels of fat, resulting in oxidative stress, which can negatively impact fertility and reproductive health3,12.
This, especially in excess amounts, can induce menstrual disorders and might directly affect female fertility by changing natural hormone levels and affecting egg maturation, ovulation, early embryo development and implantation. It may also lead to adverse effects in the baby’s development if consumed during pregnancy1 .
These include shark, king mackerel, bigeye tuna, marlin, etc. Mercury is known as an endocrine disruptor; it can cause menstrual problems and inhibit ovulation13. The FDA recommends avoiding mercury-rich fishes if trying to get pregnant14.
These include milk, yoghurt, cottage cheese, etc. According to some studies, higher consumption of these low-fat dairy products may contribute to anovulation1,15 because the fat-removal process can increase levels of a hormone-like protein called IGF-1, which may be linked to possible negative effects on ovulation15. However, a moderate consumption is considered safe.
These include coffee, tea, soft drinks, etc. While moderate consumption may have no impact on fertility, some studies suggest that when consumed in excess amounts, they might delay the chances of conception or increase risk of still birth, low birth weight etc1. In general, a caffeine intake of less than 200 mg (2-3 cups) per day is considered safe10.
These female fertility foods to avoid can help reduced infertility and support reproductive health.
Following are some tips that you may consider while on a pregnancy preparation diet.
Here are some lifestyle habits that you may follow to support fertility.
If you are trying to conceive and making healthy diet and lifestyle changes but still facing difficulties, it might be better to seek medical attention.
Fertility is closely linked to overall health and nutrition. A balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, combined with healthy lifestyle habits, may support hormonal balance, improve ovulation, and enhance reproductive health. On the other hand, unhealthy foods and habits can negatively affect fertility. By making mindful dietary choices and seeking medical guidance when needed, you can take positive steps towards improving your chances of conception and a healthy pregnancy.
Consuming full fat milk or smoothies rich in fertility boosting foods such as green veggies, berries etc may help improve fertility. Some initial studies suggest that beetroot, watermelon and ginger juice might be helpful too20. However, further research is needed here and best is to seek guidance from a doctor if you are planning to conceive.
Berries are known to be the best fruits for female fertility as they are rich in antioxidants which help support reproductive health1,3.
You may eat foods like leafy greens, nuts, berries, eggs, whole grains, fatty fishes, etc.; these are known to improve reproductive health and support fertility1,3.
An Indian fertility-friendly diet can include nutritious whole foods such as leafy greens (like palak and spinach), lentils and beans for iron, antioxidant-rich foods, and healthy fats from ghee21, nuts, and seeds, which might support hormone balance and reproductive health.
According to different cultures, pomegranate is known as the fertility fruit22. However, this is not a medical fact.
1. Skoracka K, Ratajczak AE, Rychter AM, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Female Fertility and the Nutritional Approach: The Most Essential Aspects. Advances in Nutrition. 2021;12(6):2372-2386. doi:10.1093/advances/nmab068. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831322005129
2. Infertility and Fertility. Available from: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/infertility
3. Cristodoro M, Zambella E, Fietta I, Inversetti A, Di Simone N. Dietary Patterns and Fertility. Biology. 2024;13(2):131. doi:10.3390/biology13020131. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38392349/
4. Ovulation and Fertility. 2022. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/ovulation
5. Silvestris E, Lovero D, Palmirotta R. Nutrition and Female Fertility: An Interdependent Correlation. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:346. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00346. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31231310/
6. Trop-Steinberg S, Gal M, Azar Y, Kilav-Levin R, Heifetz EM. Effect of omega-3 supplements or diets on fertility in women: A meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2024;10(8):e29324. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29324. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38628754/
7. Healthy Eating During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding. Available from: https://www.fhs.gov.hk/english//health_info/woman/20036.pdf
8. Kapper C, Oppelt P, Ganhör C, et al. Minerals and the Menstrual Cycle: Impacts on Ovulation and Endometrial Health. Nutrients. 2024;16(7):1008. doi:10.3390/nu16071008. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38613041/
9. Mathew AR, Selita E, Regano C, et al. Vitamin B12 and Reproductive Health: Clinical Insights, Emerging Mechanistic Understanding, and Nutritional Aspects. Molecular Reproduction Devel. 2026;93(2):e70088. doi:10.1002/mrd.70088. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41711259/
10. Aoun A, Khoury VE, Malakieh R. Can Nutrition Help in the Treatment of Infertility? Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2021;26(2):109-120. doi:10.3746/pnf.2021.26.2.109. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8276703/
11. Bertoldo A, Pizzol D, Yon DK, et al. Resveratrol and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review. IJMS. 2024;25(23):12792. doi:10.3390/ijms252312792. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39684501/
12. Łakoma K, Kukharuk O, Śliż D. The Influence of Metabolic Factors and Diet on Fertility. Nutrients. 2023;15(5):1180. doi:10.3390/nu15051180. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904180/
13. Dickerson EH, Sathyapalan T, Knight R, et al. Endocrine disruptor & nutritional effects of heavy metals in ovarian hyperstimulation. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2011;28(12):1223-1228. doi:10.1007/s10815-011-9652-3. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241832/
14. Methylmercury in Fish. 2025. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582836/
15. Salvaleda-Mateu M, Rodríguez-Varela C, Labarta E. Do Popular Diets Impact Fertility? Nutrients. 2024;16(11):1726. doi:10.3390/nu16111726. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38892663/
16. Stress. 2022. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/stress
17. Lateef OM, Akintubosun MO. Sleep and Reproductive Health. Journal of Circadian Rhythms. 2020;18(1):1. doi:10.5334/jcr.190. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32256630/
18. Trying to Conceive. 2025. Available from: https://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/trying-conceive
19. Infertility. 2021. Available from: https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility
20. Halpern G, Braga D, Setti A, Morishima C, Iaconelli Jr A, Borges Jr E. Beetroot, watermelon and ginger juice supplementation may increase the clinical outcomes of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection cycles. JBRA. 2023;27. doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20230012. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10712821/
21. Varsakiya J, Goyal M, Thakar A, Donga S, Kathad D. Efficacy of Virechana (therapeutic purgation) followed by Go-Ghrita (cow ghee) in the management of Ksheena Shukra (oligozoospermia): A clinical study. AYU. 2019;40(1):27. doi:10.4103/ayu.AYU_275_18. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6891991/
22. Langley P. Why a pomegranate? BMJ. 2000;321(7269):1153-1154. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7269.1153. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1118911/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Sunken eyes is a condition in which the eye socket looks sunken. It may occur due to enophthalmos, a condition in which the eyeball moves posteriorly, giving the appearance of a sunken eye1 or common causes like lack of sleep, dehydration2, ageing3, stress, poor nutrition, and sudden weight reduction. Sunken eyes may make a person look tired, dull, or older than their age and may impact their self-confidence.
Sunken eyes may also indicate underlying health conditions, such as sinus problems, chronic allergies, tumours, or injuries1. Therefore, understanding the causes of sunken eyes, their management options, and protective measures is important for better management.
Sunken eyes meaning is that the eyeballs appear to move backward into the eye socket more than normal. Eyes may also look sunken or hollow due to conditions like dehydration when the tissue surrounding the eyes loses elasticity. This may cause the upper eyelid area or the bone underneath the eyes to look more prominent.
Sunken eyes are commonly caused by loss of the fat around the eyes, a fracture of the eye socket, and tightening of the tissues around the eyes, which pulls the eyeball backward1. Let’s look at the causes of sunken eyes in detail.
Reasons for sunken eyes include the following:
Ageing can cause the fat around the eyelids to move deep into the eye socket, making the eyes look more sunken4. Loss of body fat, including facial fat, can also contribute to sunken eyes3.
An unhealthy lifestyle may lead to sunken eyes. Lifestyle factors associated with sunken eyes may include:
Sunken eye causes can sometimes include certain underlying conditions such as:
Symptoms you may observe along with sunken eyes include:
Sunken eyes may be diagnosed as follows:
Various approaches may be used to manage sunken eyes depending on their cause. Sunken eyes treatment methods include:
These include:
If you have any underlying conditions that have caused sunken eyes, managing them may help improve sunken eyes. Such conditions and potential management options include:
Certain home care tips may be helpful in managing sunken eyes and related symptoms, as follows:
Note: If your symptoms are not relieved or are worsening after using the sunken eyes remedy methods given above, consult a doctor immediately.
To avoid sunken eyes and related symptoms, you may:
Medical attention is recommended if sunken eyes occur along with any of the following:
Sunken eyes may often be seen as a harmless cosmetic concern, but they may sometimes reflect the need for lifestyle changes or treatment of underlying health issues. Poor sleep, dehydration, ageing, and nutritional deficiencies are some common causes of sunken eyes, while certain medical conditions may also contribute. Early attention to health habits and appropriate management may help improve your appearance and eye health. If sunken eyes develop suddenly or persist despite lifestyle changes, medical evaluation is recommended to rule out underlying problems.
Also Read: Burning Eyes: What Causes the Burning Sensation and How to Manage It
Sunken eyes are mainly known to indicate dehydration, nutrient deficiencies1, poor sleep or ageing3, however, sometimes they may also be caused by underlying health conditions1,8,9,15.
You may manage sunken eyes and their associated symptoms by staying hydrated, consuming nutritious food1, improving sleep patterns5, maintaining a healthy body weight1, trying out home management tips16, or managing underlying health conditions. However, severe cases may require immediate medical attention.
You may have sunken eyes if you have any of the following:
Dehydration
Nutrient deficiencies
Sudden weight reduction1
Ageing3
Lack of sleep
Underlying health conditions1
You may be able to manage sunken eyes by making lifestyle modifications and managing underlying health conditions that cause sunken eyes. You may also check yourself for any underlying health conditions that need to be managed1.
Nutrient deficiencies associated with severe malnutrition (e.g., protein deficiency), anaemia (e.g., B12 deficiency), damage to collagen (e.g., vitamin C deficiency), and dehydration (e.g., potassium or magnesium deficiency) may lead to sunken eyes.
1. Shah SS, Patel BC. Herpetic whitlow. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Dec 13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563300/
2. Hoxha T, Xhelili L, Azemi M, et al. Performance of Clinical Signs in the Diagnosis of Dehydration in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Med Arh. 2015;69(1):10. doi:10.5455/medarh.2015.69.10-12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25870468/
3. Athanasiov PA, Prabhakaran VC, Selva D. Non‐traumatic enophthalmos: a review. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2008;86(4):356-364. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01152.x. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18462475/
4. Aging Changes in the Face. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004004.htm
5. Sundelin T, Lekander M, Kecklund G, Van Someren EJW, Olsson A, Axelsson J. Cues of Fatigue: Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Facial Appearance. Sleep. 2013;36(9):1355-1360. doi:10.5665/sleep.2964. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3738045/
6. Bobok N, Taskesen T. Stress-Induced Changes of the Skin: A Narrative Review. Cureus. Published online November 7, 2025. doi:10.7759/cureus.96285. Available from: https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/429743/20251207-371204-2imigj.pdf
7. National Health Service (NHS). Dehydration [Internet]. NHS; 2022 Nov 14. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dehydration/
8. Hwang TN, Rofagha S, McDermott MW, Hoyt WF, Horton JC, McCulley TJ. Sunken Eyes, Sagging Brain Syndrome: Bilateral Enophthalmos from Chronic Intracranial Hypotension. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(11):2286-2295. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.04.031. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788080/
9. Symptoms and Causes of Chronic Diarrhoea in Children. 2017. Availabe from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/chronic-diarrhea-children/symptoms-causes
10. Joo SP, Kim SH, Park HJ, Jung S, Han JJ, Kim TS. Sunken Eye Induced by Superior Orbital Wall Defect After Craniofacial Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2016;27(7):1789-1791. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000002956. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27483101/
11. Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, Garcia JK, Silberberg MB. The Facial Aging Process From the “Inside Out.” Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2021;41(10):1107-1119. doi:10.1093/asj/sjaa339. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8438644/
12. Vrcek I, Ozgur O, Nakra T. Infraorbital dark circles: A review of the pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2016;9(2):65. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.184046. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27398005/
13. Park KY, Kwon HJ, Youn CS, Seo SJ, Kim MN. Treatments of Infra-Orbital Dark Circles by Various Etiologies. Ann Dermatol. 2018;30(5):522. doi:10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.522. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33911473/
14. Sinusitis. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000647.htm
15. Massey TH, Robertson NP. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: features, diagnosis and management. J Neurol. 2021;268(4):1555-1557. doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10500-1. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-021-10500-1
16. Joshi M, Perera PS, Korrapati NH. Effective Home Remedies that Provide Quick Relief for Puffy Eyes. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies. 2021;28:43-51. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354871368_Effective_Home_Remedies_that_Provide_Quick_Relief_for_Puffy_Eyes
17. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple D. Aloe vera: A short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.44785. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2763764/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Eyes are among the most important sense organs, which are necessary for learning, working, and connecting with the world. Good eye health is not only important for vision but also for overall quality of life. However, in today’s digital age, our eyes face more strain than ever before.
The increased use of smartphones, laptops, and tablets has led to longer screen time for people of all ages. This may cause digital eye strain, dry eyes, headaches, blurred vision, and difficulty focusing1. Over time, recurrent strain and unhealthy habits may also increase the risk of vision problems and age-related eye conditions.
Along with regular eye check-ups and healthy screen habits, proper nutrition also plays a significant role in keeping eye health. Nutrients such as certain vitamins and antioxidants are essential for protecting eyes from damage, improving retinal function, reducing inflammation and keeping the eyes properly moisturised2. A balanced diet rich in these might help reduce the risk of common eye problems and support long-term vision health.
So, in this article we will discuss the importance of nutrients in maintaining eye health. We will learn about which vitamins are good for eyes and foods that can naturally support eye health, and understand some common eye conditions that may occur due to lack of these nutrients.
Proper nutrition is very important for eye health because each part of the eye demands different nutrients to work properly. The following says how vitamins support the different eye parts.
Therefore, proper nutrition plays an important role in the functioning of the eye and is crucial for maintaining long-term healthy vision.
Vitamin deficiencies can harm eye health, as vitamin A deficiency may cause night blindness, lack of vitamins A, C, and D may lead to dry eye syndrome, low dietary antioxidants may increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), etc2,3,7. We will discuss more on these in the coming sections.
Eyes require essential vitamins and nutrients to function properly. The following describes why essential nutrients and vitamins for eye health are important.
Besides vitamins, there are certain other nutrients which are known to be beneficial for eye health; these include omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin), zinc, selenium, etc. These nutrients are known to protect the eye from oxidative damage, reduce inflammation, maintain retinal health, and aid in vision2,9.
There are several foods that can be included in the diet to support vision and improve eye health. Following are some food sources which might contain vitamins needed for eyes to support vision and overall eye health.
Carrots are known to be rich in vitamin A and carotenoids. Therefore, they might be helpful in promoting good vision, especially during the night3. They are also a fair source of B vitamins10. Hence, they might also support proper optic nerve functioning and maintain overall eye health8.
These include spinach, collard, turnip, kale, etc. They are known to be rich in vitamins like A, C, E and K11. Therefore, they might support eyesight by improving the production of eye pigments2, improve collagen production and maintain eye structure4, and reduce the occurrence of ARED8.
These include salmon, sardine, mackerel, trout, etc. They are known to be a good source of vitamins D and B29. Therefore, they might support the vision by improving retinal health and reducing the occurrence of dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy and possibly, cataracts8. In addition, they are also a great source of omega-3 fatty acids.
These include oranges, tangerines, grapes, lemons, etc. They are said to have high vitamin C content. Therefore, they might help in tissue repair and reduce the occurrence of ARMD and cataract12.
Eggs are a good source of vitamins A, B12, D and E3,5,13. Therefore, they can support night vision by maintaining a healthy retina, nourish the eyes, improve optic nerve function, and reduce the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and other ARED3,8.
These include almonds, peanuts, sunflower seeds, etc. They are known to be rich in vitamin E2,8,14. Therefore, they can help support retinal function, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and manage ARED2. They also contain omega 3 fatty acids, which are known to be beneficial for the eye health.
Now that we know which vitamin is good for eyes, let us see what eye conditions can occur due to the deficiencies of these vitamins.
Eyes can bring about several signs regarding the nutritional deficiencies. The following are some eye signs related to nutritional deficiencies.
Night blindness causes difficulty in seeing at night or in dim light, leading to difficulty in driving at night, adjusting to darkness, or walking through a dimply lit area. This condition usually occurs when there is a deficiency in vitamin A3.
Persistent dryness and itching are signs of nutritional deficiency. This may be due to vitamin A deficiency which causes the cornea of the eye to get dry due to lack of moisture and hydration3. Also, vitamin C and D deficiencies can cause dry eyes7, contributing to itching and irritated eyes. Other nutrients like omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may also disrupt the oily layer in tears causing dry eye.
Feeling tiredness of eyes, heaviness around the eyelids, or discomfort after reading or using digital screens may be a sign of severe vitamin deficiencies, like vitamin B1, which can also contribute to a condition called Wernicke’s encephalopathy7.
Blurred vision which is not related to eyesight issues may sometimes be due to nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin A. If not treated, it can even lead to blindness, especially in children3.
Light sensitivity is related to deficiency of antioxidants2. This can cause the eyes to become more sensitive and uncomfortable in bright conditions.
Recurrent eye infections or minor eye irritations taking time to heal may be associated with nutritional deficiencies like vitamin C, which is important for tissue repair and immune function13. Severe deficiency may cause repeated eye problems.
Note: Ageing naturally causes the eyes to become weak and lose some protection against damage. Unhealthy habits like too much screen time, poor diet, smoking, lack of sleep, and excess sun exposure might also worsen these conditions. Eating a balanced diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle might reduce the eye damage and support long-term vision.
Proper eye nutrition is essential at every stage of life, but certain age groups require extra attention due to higher risks of vision-related changes and disorders. These include:
Research supports the idea that eye health supplements can be helpful, but primarily for conditions like AMD. The evidence shows an ageage-related eye disease study (AREDS) formula, which is a combination of vitamins A and E, beta-carotene and zinc, may reduce the risk of advanced AMD. There is limited evidence supporting the use of omega-3 supplements for dry eye disease; further research is needed to reach a conclusion. The studies don’t provide any evidence for antioxidant supplementation for conditions like cataracts and glaucoma19.
Eye supplements may be helpful for:
Eye supplements may be taken once daily along with a meal or snack.
Note: Supplements should ideally be taken only after medical advice and as suggested by your doctor, as excessive intake of certain vitamins may be harmful.
Here is a comparison between the food and supplementation:
| Aspects | Food | Supplements |
| Nutrient source | Natural, whole nutrients | Concentrated, isolated nutrients |
| Absorption | Better absorption and utilisation by body | May be less absorbed when compared with food |
| Safety | Low risk of overdose | Overconsumption might raise safety concerns |
| Additional benefits | Provides other nutrients like antioxidants, phytochemicals, etc | Provides only specific nutrients |
Therefore, vitamins from food might be more beneficial when compared to supplements, as they provide other nutrients along with them. However, in conditions where the food alone may not fulfil the requirements or in individuals with dietary restrictions, supplementation might be needed. Under such circumstances, it should be taken only under the guidance of a doctor.
The recognisable changes in your body should not be ignored, as they may be signs of severe nutritional deficiencies. Consult a doctor for the following:
Consult a healthcare professional if you are considering supplementation20 and fall in the high-risk categories mentioned below:
Every consultation might help reduce complications and protect long-term vision health.
Also Read: What Is Eye Strain and How Can You Reduce It in the Digital Age
Good eye health depends on balanced nutrition, healthy habits, and regular eye check-ups. Vitamins like A, C, E, D and B-complex help different parts of the eye function properly. Eating nutrient-rich foods might be the most cost-effective way to protect your eyes. Supplements may help in certain cases, but they should be taken only with a doctor’s advice. Starting healthy eating from an early age might help maintain good vision throughout life.
The best way by which you may improve your eye health is by following a balanced diet comprised of all essential vitamins and other important nutrients. These might keep your eyes healthy and reduce the occurrence of eye diseases or discomforts2.
Blurred vision may be a result of vitamin A or B deficiency3,8. Consuming foods rich in these vitamins might reduce blurred vision. Blurred vision may be a result of vitamin A or B deficiency3,8. Consuming foods rich in these vitamins might reduce blurred vision.
Poor eyesight may be managed by a healthy lifestyle, like following a balanced diet, quitting smoking, managing screen time, staying hydrated and managing the underlying health conditions.
For maintaining a healthy vision, you may choose juices made from citrus fruits or carrots, which might boost your eye health and provide healthy eyesight3,12.
Drinking water can affect axial length and pressure inside the eyeball22. It might be helpful in maintaining and protecting eye health by improving the tear film which reduces dry eye occurrence. This in turn might improve the eyesight. However, it might not change the innate eyesight.
Weak eyesight due to poor nutrition or lifestyle habits may be recovered. However, if it is due to conditions like myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism, it cannot be reversed naturally.
1. Computer Vision Syndrome. doi:https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/computer-vision-syndrome
2. Johnson, Rasmussen H. Nutrients for the aging eye. CIA. Published online June 2013:741. doi:10.2147/CIA.S45399. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23818772/
3. Alba-Campomanes AG de, Turbert D. What is Vitamin A Deficiency? 2024. doi:https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/vitamin-deficiency
4. Cho YW, Yoo WS, Kim SJ, Chung IY, Seo SW, Yoo JM. Efficacy of Systemic Vitamin C Supplementation in Reducing Corneal Opacity Resulting from Infectious Keratitis. Medicine. 2014;93(23):e125. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000125. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415664/
5. Roda M, Di Geronimo N, Pellegrini M, Schiavi C. Nutritional Optic Neuropathies: State of the Art and Emerging Evidences. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2653. doi:10.3390/nu12092653. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32878163/
6. Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: Beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2011;51(5):1000-1013. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.017. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21664268/
7. Serhan HA, Alma’aitah HW, Irshaidat S, Ameer MA, Asghar MS, Tahir MJ. Ophthalmic manifestations of nutritional deficiencies: A mini review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2022;11(10):5899-5901. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_790_22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36618247/
8. Pereira A, Adekunle RD, Zaman M, Wan MJ. Association Between Vitamin Deficiencies and Ophthalmological Conditions. OPTH. 2023;Volume 17:2045-2062. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S401262. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37489231/
9. Health Benefits of Fish. doi: https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/food/fish/health-benefits
10. Carrots. Doi: https://www.hss.gov.nt.ca/en/services/nutritional-food-fact-sheet-series/carrots
11. Dark Green Vegetables. 2023. Doi: https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/gfnd/gfhnrc/docs/news-articles/2013/dark-green-leafy-vegetables/
12. Vimont C. 36 Fabulous Foods to Boost Eye Health. 2024. Doi: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/fabulous-foods-your-eyes
13. Vitamins and Minerals. 2024. Doi: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/Vitamins-and-minerals
14. Nutrition and Eye Health. Doi :https://cms.illinois.gov/benefits/stateemployee/bewell/foodforthought/august24-nutrition-and-eye-health.html
15. Ahsan M, Nizami DJ. Metformin-induced eyelid myokymia. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2024;56(5):358-360. doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_284_24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39687960/
16. Umfress AC, Brantley MA. Eye Care Disparities and Health-Related Consequences in Elderly Patients with Age-Related Eye Disease. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2016;31(4):432-438. doi:10.3109/08820538.2016.1154171. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4990069/
17. Adult Vision: 41 to 60 Years of Age. doi: https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-health-for-life/adult-vision-41-to-60-years-of-age
18. Benefits of Healthy Eating for Children. 2024. Doi: https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/php/resources/healthy-eating-benefits-for-children.html
19. Dietary Supplements for Eye Conditions: What the Science Says. 2024. Doi: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/dietary-supplements-for-eye-conditions-science
20. Raiji VR. Vitamins for AMD. American Academy of Ophthalmology 2025. Doi: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/vitamins-amd
21. Niklewicz A, Smith AD, Smith A, et al. The importance of vitamin B12 for individuals choosing plant-based diets. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62(3):1551-1559. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-03025-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36469110/
22. Akkara JD, Kuriakose A. Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9240575/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
With the increase in popularity of weight management medications, a new name has taken over the Indian market recently. Yes, its Yurpeak!
Yurpeak is an injection containing the drug Tirzepatide, mainly prescribed by doctors to manage blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. In addition, it is also known to support weight management, as it helps reduce appetite, slows down gastric emptying and improves insulin utilisation1,3. For a true result, Yurpeak should always be accompanied by a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet and exercise. While it is beneficial overall, patients may report some side effects related to its use.
In this article, we will discuss all essential information you need to know about Yurpeak, such as how it works, its benefits, dosage and side effects.
Yurpeak is an injection, which contains tirzepatide as its active ingredient, prescribed to manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is also used to support weight management in people with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) or overweight (BMI ≥ 27) with at least one weight-related health condition1,3.
Tirzepatide is a dual receptor agonist that works by activating both glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors, which are the gut hormone receptors playing a significant role in blood sugar management4.
Yurpeak is recently launched in India and is available as a Kwick-pen device3. Here are some details:
Below is the dosing format generally followed for this medicine:
Note: Do not change the dose unless recommended by your doctor. It might reduce the effect or even cause harm to your body.
Yurpeak, which is a tirzepatide, works by mimicking the natural hormones GIP and GLP-1, which regulate insulin, reduce appetite and improve metabolic health in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity4. Following are its mechanism of action.
Yurpeak (Tirzepatide) can have multiple health benefits such as:
Tirzepatide works by slowing down the signals that regulate appetite. This helps your stomach to stay fuller for a longer period as a result of slow gastric emptying4. This in turn reduces your cravings for food and promotes a healthy eating habit.
Tirzepatide helps in reducing fat buildup in your body by stopping fat production in the cells4. This might help you in managing weight along with its effect on reducing food cravings and appetite. It might also help reduce weight by stimulating insulin production, which increases sugar utilisation by cells as energy5.
Tirzepatide stimulates the production of insulin in your body, particularly when blood sugar levels are high. This helps in maintaining normal blood glucose levels, making it more beneficial for type 2 diabetes patients4,5.
Tirzepatide helps improve overall metabolic health. It lowers insulin resistance and also aids fat breakdown which in turn help the body utilise energy more efficiently and reduce the risks associated with metabolic conditions like obesity and diabetes6.
Tirzepatide may help lower the chances of occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea, which is caused as a result of obesity. It does this by improving the breathing while sleeping and by supporting healthy weight management7.
Tirzepatide may help support cardiovascular health by its positive effects on blood pressure and cholesterol levels8. This, along with its weight management benefit, can help reduce the strain on the cardiovascular system, thereby reducing risks of adverse cardiac events such as heart failure or stroke9.
Introducing a medicine into your body through an injection is something which should be carefully performed. Following describes the guidelines for administering these injections, injection timing and what to do if you miss a dose.
Note: The needles or pen should not be shared with others.
While the injection can be self-administered (used on doctor’s prescription), if you are not feeling confident enough to take on your own, please visit your healthcare professional for this purpose.
People who are on Yurpeak should strictly follow some discipline for better results. Following are some tips on lifestyle that you may follow while on a Tirzepatide medication.
Yurpeak, which has several health benefits can also bring about some side effects. Following are the common side effects with Tirzepatide.
Do not ignore these side effects if you think they are no longer under your control. Immediately seek medical attention to avoid hazards from them.
Note: Tirzepatide is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2).
Yurpeak may impact the effectiveness of certain other types of drugs when taken concomitantly. Tirzepatide slows stomach emptying, so it may delay the absorption of some oral medicines and reduce their effect. Hence, caution must be taken when Tirzepatide is used with drugs having a narrow therapeutic index or requiring a threshold concentration for action such as warfarin etc. Tirzepatide can also slow down the absorption of oral contraceptive pills. Moreover, when taken along with other diabetic medicines such as insulin or sulfonylurea, it might increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. Therefore, close monitoring is required these medicines are taken along with Tirzepatide13.
As mentioned earlier, Tirzepatide can cause some side effects. Following are the signs which you shouldn’t ignore and get immediate medical care.
All these can even notify serious adverse conditions like kidney issues, low blood sugar level, serious gastrointestinal problems, pancreatic injury, hypersensitivity or mental health issues13.
Also Read: Everything to Know About GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Its Role in Weight Management
Yurpeak, which contains the drug Tirzepatide, is an injectable medicine mainly prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity to achieve glycaemic control and manage body weight. When combined with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and proper lifestyle habits, it can provide effective long-term benefits such as improved glucose control, enhanced metabolic health and lowered cardiovascular risks. However, like any medication, Yurpeak may cause side effects and can interact with other drugs, making medical supervision essential. Therefore, it is important to use Yurpeak only as prescribed by your doctor and consult immediately if any serious symptoms or unusual reactions occur.
Yurpeak is available as a multidose prefilled injection of varying strengths. It is to be injected subcutaneously at a starting dose of 2.5mg, with specific escalation and maintenance doses. It is taken only when prescribed by a doctor and usage guidelines as given by them need to be strictly followed.
Yurpeak contains the drug tirzepatide which is prescribed by a doctor to manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is also used to support weight management in people with obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related comorbidity3.
Yurpeak is generally considered safe for long-term use. However, it has several side effects like all the medications. These should be addressed in time to avoid further worsening of the condition13.
Yurpeak is said to be more beneficial when used along with exercise and a balanced diet. This can improve the effect of medicine. Therefore, it is suggested to do regular physical workout along with taking Yurpeak1,4.
The most common side effects with tirzepatide are gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation. It has been reported to cause some serious side effects like pancreatic issues, acute gall bladder disease, thyroid cancer, etc13. Hence, you must not ignore even the slightest sign which is new to you; this may help you from worsening these serious conditions.
Yes, Yurepaak can cause side effects like nausea and fatigue13. This may be due to delayed gastric emptying or sudden fall in blood glucose level. While these usually improve with time, you should not ignore if you feel these conditions are getting worse and seek immediate medical attention.
1. Tirzepatide injection. 2025. doi:https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a622044.html#side-effects
2. Zepbound FDA Label. 2022. Doi: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/217806s003lbl.pdf
3. Lilly and Cipla sign a distribution and promotion agreement for Yurpeak® (tirzepatide) in India. 2025. Doi: https://www.cipla.com/sites/default/files/Lilly-and-Cipla-sign-a-distribution-and-promotion-agreement-for-Yurpeak-%28tirzepatide%29-in-India_0.pdf
4. Cai W, Zhang R, Yao Y, Wu Q, Zhang J. Tirzepatide as a novel effective and safe strategy for treating obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1277113. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1277113. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10864442/
5. Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide. [Updated 2024 Feb 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
6. Wong E, Cope R, Dima L, Nguyen T. Tirzepatide: A Dual Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Ther. 2023;30(1):e26-e35. doi:10.1097/MJT.0000000000001588. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36516422/
7. Bajpai J, Saxena M, Agarwal U, Pradhan A. Dual incretin analogue tirzepitide – SURMOUNTing the challenge of obesity induced obstructive sleep apnea. World J Exp Med. 2025;15(4). doi:10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.109762. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41497691/
8. Kanbay M, Copur S, Siriopol D, et al. Effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obesity Metabolism. 2023;25(12):3766-3778. doi:10.1111/dom.15272. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37700437/
9. Abdul‐Hafez HA, Awashra A, Bdir S, et al. Tirzepatide and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Efficacy and Implications for Heart Failure Management. Endocrino Diabet & Metabol. 2026;9(1):e70152. doi:10.1002/edm2.70152. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41566974/
10. Almandoz JP, Wadden TA, Tewksbury C, et al. Nutritional considerations with antiobesity medications. Obesity. 2024;32(9):1613-1631. doi:10.1002/oby.24067. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38853526/
11. Emanuele NV, Swade TF, Emanuele MA. Consequences of alcohol use in diabetics. Alcohol Health Res World. 1998;22(3):211-219. Doi: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6761899/
12. He Z, Tabe AN, Rana S, King K. Tirzepatide-Induced Biphasic Anaphylactic Reaction: A Case Report. Cureus. Published online December 7, 2023. doi:10.7759/cureus.50112. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38186543/
13. Tirzepatide: FDA Label. 2024. Doi: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/217806s003lbl.pdf
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Eye strain is when your eyes feel tired, uncomfortable, or irritated after looking at something for a long time. Many people experience it even if their vision is normal1. Today, eye strain has become very common because of our increasing use of digital devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets. Long hours spent on screens can cause symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, dry, itchy, or watery eyes2. Other factors, like poor lighting, not blinking enough, or sitting in the wrong posture, can make it worse1. In this blog, we will see what is eye strain and what are the simple steps we can take to reduce it and protect our eyes in today’s digital world.
Eye strain is the fatigue or irritation felt in eyes because of how the eyes work and how they react to light. It usually happens when the eyes work hard for a long time, such as reading, writing, or looking at screens1,3.
It can also develop after extended periods of tasks that require continuous visual attention, such as driving or detailed reading, as well as prolonged use of electronic devices like computers, tablets, and smartphones.
Eye strain usually goes away after resting the eyes. However, it may cause tiredness and reduced alertness, which can affect work performance and daily activities, especially for individuals who cannot avoid visually demanding tasks. Although it does not cause permanent damage, it can reduce concentration and make a person feel fatigued, and may cause discomforting symptoms(discussed below)3.
Eye strain can present in different ways. Changes in vision or other signs may show that the eyes are tired or overworked. Common eye strain symptoms include:
These signs help people understand that they may have eye strain.
Eye strain can be caused by many different factors related to how we use our eyes, the lighting around us, our posture, and the health of our eyes. They include:
Other eye strain causes include dry eyes, uneven tear layers, or changes on the eye surface causing blurring and discomfort. Age, genetics, and individual differences also affect eye strain severity1.
Digital eye strain is a condition where prolonged use of digital screens causes eye and body discomfort. It can occur with computers, tablets, smartphones, and e-readers. According to the American Optometric Association, DES includes a group of vision problems and eye discomfort caused by extended screen use. Reports from The Vision Council show that nearly 70% of adults experience at least one symptom, highlighting how common this condition has become2.
Eye strain caused by screen use happens mainly because of how the eyes move and focus and problems related to dry eyes. Here are its common causes:
Digital eye strain affects both the eyes and other parts of the body. The symptoms may appear after long periods of screen use. The eye-related symptoms include:
Sometimes, excessive screen use can cause a condition called asthenopia, which just means eye fatigue. It includes eye strain symptoms like headaches, tired eyes, blurred vision, and dry eyes. Other body symptoms can include:
Digital eye strain is more likely to affect certain people because of their age, eye condition, screen habits, and environment. The main risk factors are:
Now that you understand what digital eye strain is, its causes, symptoms, and risk factors, you can take steps to protect your eyes and reduce discomfort during screen use.
Digital eye strain can be reduced by following proper eye care habits, correct screen use, and a healthy environment. They include
Following these habits can help reduce eye strain and keep the eyes comfortable. In the next section, we will see simple eye exercises for eye strain5.
Eye exercises help relax the eye muscles and improve comfort during long periods of screen use. These exercises are simple and can be done at home or school.
Sit comfortably and stretch one arm forward holding a card with an “X.” Move your arm slowly left and right while keeping your eyes on the “X.” Rest and repeat. Benefits: Improves focus, coordination, and may reduce screen-related eye strain.
Sit or stand relaxed, gently close your eyes, squeeze your eyelids tightly for five seconds, then relax. Repeat a few times. Benefits: Strengthens eye muscles, reduces tiredness, and promotes relaxation.
Keep your head still and look up, holding five seconds, then down, left, and right. Repeat slowly. Benefits: Enhances eye movement and flexibility, eases stiffness, and reduces fatigue.
Sit comfortably, open your eyes wide while raising your eyebrows. Hold for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat several times. Benefits: Activates eye muscles, boosts blood flow, and relieves discomfort6.
Practising these simple eye exercises for eye strain can support eye comfort, and in the next section, we will learn easy daily habits that can help protect the eyes from strain.
Eye strain can be prevented by following healthy habits, using screens correctly, and maintaining a comfortable environment. These include
Following these preventive steps can help protect the eyes and reduce discomfort caused by digital screens.
Eye strain usually temporary and gets better with rest and home care. But if it continues even after self-care, you should see a doctor3. Also, see a doctor if you have any of these:
Seeing a doctor makes sure there is no serious problem and helps keep your eyes healthy.
In today’s digital world, eye strain is common but usually goes away with rest. It happens because of long screen use, poor lighting, and dry eyes. Taking regular breaks, blinking often, keeping screens at a good distance, and doing simple eye exercises can help. Spending time outdoors and getting eye check-ups keeps eyes healthy. Persistent or severe symptoms should be checked by a doctor to rule out serious problems.
Also Read: Eye Pain: Causes, Treatment & Home Remedies
Eye strain is usually temporary. The discomfort and tiredness in the eyes often go away after resting or taking a break from screens. However, for people who use computers for long hours, these symptoms can happen frequently and last longer, sometimes affecting work or daily activities9.
Eye strain by itself does not cause floaters. Floaters are tiny spots or strings that move in your vision, caused by changes in the jelly inside your eye10. Using screens like phones, iPads, or LCDs, which can cause eye strain, may speed up these changes and make floaters more noticeable11.
Eye strain usually goes away after the eyes rest, as rest allows them to recover and symptoms gradually disappear3.
Some eye problems can have symptoms very similar to digital eye strain (DES). These include dry eye disease and uncorrected vision problems like needing glasses or having the wrong prescription. DES symptoms, such as eye irritation, tiredness, and blurred vision, can also overlap with these conditions12.
Yes, poor sleep quality can worsen digital eye strain symptoms. Being tired or having trouble sleeping makes the eyes more sensitive and easily strained during long periods of screen use13.
Eye strain alone usually does not cause vertigo and is mostly not related. Vertigo happens when the balance system in your ears and brain, which controls eye movements, is affected. Changes in eye movement, like nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movement), show how the balance system works. Eye strain may make your eyes feel tired, but it rarely leads to actual dizziness14.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
