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Green Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

The green apple is a hybrid fruit. It is developed by combining two different species of apple, namely, Malus slyvesterus and Malus domesticus. It contains bioactive compounds and flavonoids in a very good amount as compared to other varieties of apples. Green apples were first cultivated by an Australian woman named Maria Smith; hence, they are also known as Granny Smith apples1.

This fruit appears light green with tart, juicy and crisp flavours and hard skin with a long shelf-life as compared with other apple types. Green apples are considered a healthy fruit and are used in weight management regimens due to their low calorie content and high dietary potassium and fibre content1

Nutritional Value of Green Apple (per 100g)

Green apple has a very high amount of nutrients2

Macronutrient Composition

Vitamin and Mineral Content

Properties of Green Apple

Apples are considered traditional fruits and consumed due to their nutritional properties, which are contributed by their bioactive compounds and dietary fibres3. The beneficial properties of green apples includes: 

Potential Uses of Green Apple

For many years, the traditional systems of medicine have been using apples in the management of various conditions3. Some of the potential uses of the green apple can be described as follows. 

1. For Cancer  

The green apple is rich in flavonoids that may help to reduce the risk of developing lung, pancreatic and colon cancer. Studies3 have also shown that green apples may have the potential to help with the growth of cancer cells in the breast, colon and skin. In clinical studies4, it has been shown that both males and females who consumed green apples in their diet had a reduced risk of developing lung cancer. However, cancer is a serious condition and would need a specialised doctor to diagnose and decide on treatment. It is important that you consult your healthcare provider before proceeding with any herbal remedy for health conditions.    

2. For Brain  

The extract of green apple juice may help prevent damage to the brain. An animal study5 showed that the animals fed with a green apple diet had increased levels of neurotransmitters, which act as signalling molecules of the brain. Research has confirmed that eating green apples, which are a high-fibre food, may help fight against brain diseases. Green apples also help in preventing the symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases3. If you are suffering from any conditions or observe any symptoms related to brain function, make sure you talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of any herbal remedies.  

In my experience, consuming green apple juice, which is a potential source of Vitamin K, might have a positive impact on wound healing and repair. Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood clotting and coagulation, which are essential processes for proper wound healing7.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

3. For Asthma  

Consumption of green apples has been associated with managing many lung issues, including asthma. It has been shown that the intake of green apples reduces the incidence of asthma. A recent study6 in Australia showed that green apple intake decreases the risk of asthma and lung hypersensitivity. Another study with middle-aged men also showed a beneficial effect of apple consumption on lung functioning6. Asthma is a serious medical condition that requires you to follow your doctor’s advice and adhere to your treatment plan. It is advised that you consult your doctor before using green apples for its benefits for asthma.  

4. For Diabetes  

Eating apples daily may help overcome the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Apples are full of soluble fibre and may play a key role in reducing blood sugar levels. A primary bioactive compound present in apple peels may also help to decrease the risk of diabetes. In clinical studies, it has been observed that consuming at least one green apple a day helps lower the risk of type 2 diabetes3. If you are suffering from diabetes, make sure you consult your doctor before making any changes to your diet.    

5. For Weight Management  

Doctors often recommend a high-fibre diet to improve and manage overall health. Apples are considered to be a high fibre food. Green apple has a high amount of dietary fibre, which is helpful for losing weight3. In a human study3, it has been shown that the consumption of green apples is associated with weight loss in middle-aged obese women. In a study4, people who consumed this fruit showed weight loss with reduced levels of blood glucose. If you want to lose weight, you can consult your doctor or nutritionist as they can guide you better about diet changes. Also, it is advised that you avoid making any major changes to your diet before consulting your doctor.  

6. Other Potential Uses of Green Apple  

Based on my experience, I have observed that consuming green apple juice might have positive effects on vision. The presence of Vitamin A in the juice has been known to support and improve eyesight. Incorporating green apple juice into your routine may help enhance your vision and contribute to overall eye health7.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Green Apple

Green apple can be used in the following ways: 

You should always consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming green apples for therapeutic use. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition. Also, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Did you know that apples are not only delicious but also packed with beneficial phenolic compounds? In fact, they rank second in total concentration of these compounds among fruits. What’s even more interesting is that apples have the highest portion of free phenolics compared to other fruits, making them a great choice for promoting health and well-being7.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Side Effects of Green Apple

There are some side effects of green apples related to teeth. The green apple is acidic and can cause demineralisation of the different portions of the tooth. The excess consumption of green apples may cause dental erosion (a chemical process that causes loss of mineralised tooth substance)8. Therefore, if you experience any dental problems, you must immediately contact your dentist. They will inform you about the various factors that cause erosion of the tooth.5 

Natural herbs may have some allergic reactions and may react differently in different people. Always consult your doctor before including any fruit or vegetable in your diet for its benefits.  

Also Read: Mango (Aam): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Green Apple

Green apple is generally considered to be safe if it is taken in the recommended dosages. However, general precautions have to be followed while consuming a green apple. 

You must never self medicate, even with natural fruits, vegetables and herbs. It is advisable to consult your Ayurvedic physician for best advice.  

Interactions with Other Drugs

In clinical studies, it was shown that there is an interaction of the juice of apples with warfarin. Due to excess consumption of green apple juice, there is increased blood thinning that may result in an emergency situation9. Always disclose the ongoing treatments to your doctor, so that he can tailor a suitable prescription as per your ongoing treatment and conditions.  

Also Read: Lemongrass: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Conclusion

From digestion to supporting weight management and potentially helping with conditions like diabetes and asthma, green apples pack in a surprising amount of goodness for such a simple fruit. While they aren’t a cure or a substitute for treatment, including them as part of your daily diet may offer gentle, long-term health benefits. As always, it’s best to speak to your doctor before making any dietary changes, especially if you’re managing a health condition.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which vitamins are present in a green apple?  

Green apple contains vitamin A, vitamin B3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, folate (vitamin B9), vitamin B6, vitamin B2 and vitamin K. 

Do green apples help with irritable bowel syndrome?  

Yes, green apples are rich in soluble dietary fibres that are used in the management of irritable bowel syndrome, which is a digestive system disorder that causes stomach cramps, stomach pain, constipation, diarrhoea, etc. Doctors also recommend green apples on a regular basis to prevent irritable bowel syndrome3.If you are suffering from irritable bowel syndrome or any other condition of the digestive tract, make sure you adhere to your doctor’s advice and make diet changes accordingly.  

What is pectin?  

All varieties of apples contain a soluble fibre known as pectin. It is a viscous, soluble and fermentable fibre that contributes to the beneficial properties of apples3.

What is the role of vitamin C in green apples?  

Vitamin C shows potent antioxidant activity. It also helps in fighting cancers of the lung and colon4

What are the advantages of green apples for oral health?  

If you bite and chew a green apple, it stimulates the production of saliva in the mouth and helps in reducing tooth decay by lowering the levels of bacteria in the mouth3.

Are green apples good for your cholesterol?  

Yes, green apples are good for health. The soluble fibre of apples binds with fats in the intestine, which results in lower cholesterol levels and helps you to remain healthier3.If you are suffering from high cholesterol, contact your doctor or healthcare provider before using green apples or any herb as a remedy. They can help you make better and well-informed choices as per your condition.  

References

  1. Veena G, Challa SR, Palatheeya S, Prudhivi R, Kadari A. Granny Smith Apple Extract Lowers Inflammation and Improves Antioxidant Status in L-arginine-induced Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction in Rats. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2021 May 30;18(3):262-70. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231327/pdf/TJPS-18-262.pdf
  2. Ahmad S, Mahmood T, Kumar R, Bagga P, Ahsan F, Shamim A, et al. A contrastive phytopharmacological analysis of gala and fuji apple. Res J Pharm Tech. 2020 Jun 15;13(3):1527-37. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/HTML_Papers/Research%20Journal%20of%20Pharmacy%20and%20Technology__PID__2020-13-3-83.html 
  3. Boyer J, Liu RH. Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutr J. 2004 May 12;3:5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC442131/pdf/1475-2891-3-5.pdf
  4. Boyer J, Liu RH. Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutrition Journal. 2004 [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC442131/
  5. Research shows benefits of apple juice on neurotransmitter affecting memory [Internet]. ScienceDaily. 2006 [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/08/060801225922.htm 
  6. Boyer J, Liu RH. Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutrition Journal. 2004 [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC442131/ 
  7. S S, Shabaraya AR. A review on pharmacological activities of (hybrid percentage) – Malus domestica M. sylvestris (green apple). ResearchGate. 2019 [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332979875_A_REVIEW_ON_PHARMACOLOGICAL_ACTIVITIES_OF_HYBRID_PERENTAGE_-_MALUS_DOMESTICA_M_SYLVESTRIS_GREEN_APPLE 
  8. Al Anazi EZ. Dental erosion caused by Granny Smith apples: An evidence”based case report and 1”year follow”up. Clin Case Rep. 2018 June 12;6(1):1689-96. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6132154/pdf/CCR3-6-1689.pdf
  9. Choi M, Mintz M, Bates D. Interaction between Warfarin and Apple Juice. Canadian J Hosp Pharm. 2016 Feb 15;69(1):42-4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4777580/pdf/cjhp-69-42.pdf 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Plums (Aloo Bukhara): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Plum (Prunus domestica L.) belongs to the Rosaceae family and includes approximately 40 different species. It is a small, shrubby, deciduous tree that typically grows between 6 and 15 metres in height. Plums are widely cultivated across tropical and temperate regions, including parts of West Asia, India, Australia, South America, Pakistan, Europe, and Africa. In India, plums are primarily grown in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Punjab1.  

The plum tree is used for its beneficial properties and for managing various conditions. The fruits of the plum come in various colours, including, green, red, purple, and yellow and and are typically round in shape. It is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, and carotenoid compounds. The Santa Rosa, Black Amber, Red Beauty, African Rose and Black Beauty are some major varieties of plum fruit1,3.  

Nutritional Value of Plum

The nutritional value of plum per 100 gm is given as follows2:  

Properties Of Plum

Plum is regarded in traditional practices as a plant with potential wellness-supporting properties. Research1 and preliminary studies suggest that it may exhibit certain biological activities. These include: 

Potential Uses of Plum

Plums are not just delicious seasonal fruits but are also known for their potential nutritional and wellness-supporting properties. Traditionally, they have been used in various cultures as part of a balanced diet to support general health and wellbeing1.  

1. Potential Uses of Plum for Diabetes

Diabetes is a metabolic condition that occurs when the body produces insufficient insulin or is unable to use it effectively. Preliminary animal studies have explored the potential effects of plum extracts on blood glucose levels. In these studies11, plum extract was associated with a reduction in blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. Additionally, some findings suggest that plum purée may have a role in moderating post-meal blood glucose spikes in experimental settings.    

Foods with a low glycaemic (glucose) index (GI) are digested more slowly and may help to support stable blood sugar and insulin levels after meals. As such, they are often recommended as part of a balanced diet for individuals managing blood glucose levels. In a small human study12, consumption of dried plums while fasting was associated with a reduction in insulin and plasma glucose levels3,4

While these findings are promising, more research is needed. Individuals with diabetes should consult a qualified healthcare professional before incorporating dried plums or any new food items into their diet, particularly when managing a medical condition. 

2. Potential Uses of Plum for Constipation

Plums, particularly in their dried form, have traditionally been used to support digestive health. They are a source of dietary fibre, sorbitol, and isatin, compounds which may contribute to maintaining regular bowel movements. Some studies4 suggest that dried plums could help in softening stools and promoting gut motility, potentially offering relief in cases of occasional constipation.  

In addition, plums contain phenolic compounds and serotonin, which may support intestinal function, as well as prebiotic properties that help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria. However, individuals experiencing digestive discomfort or diagnosed conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome should consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any dietary changes or using plums for symptom management3.  

3. Potential Uses of Plum for Cancer

Laboratory studies have suggested that plum extracts may exhibit antioxidant activity, particularly in the flesh, peel, and pit of the fruit, where antioxidant levels are reported to be highest. Some experimental research5 has explored the potential of these antioxidants to interact with cellular pathways, including those involved in cancer cell resistance. However, these observations are based on preliminary findings in laboratory settings and have not been confirmed in human clinical trials. 

While plums are a natural source of vitamin A, which supports general immune and cellular health, there is currently no conclusive evidence to suggest that consuming plums can prevent or treat cancer. Individuals should not use plums or any other natural product as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. 

4. Potential Uses of Plum for Bones

Plum contains vitamin K, copper, potassium and boron. Vitamin K may help with the mineralisation of bone and potassium helps to maintain bone mineral density. The alcohol extracts of plum have been shown to inhibit the resorption of bone and increase the formation of bone during a lab trial4.  

In animal studies6, it has been shown that plum was very effective on the pre-existing loss of bone. The powder of plum resulted in an increased bone mineral density and restored the vertebrae (spine) of rats. These benefits have been proven in animal studies and are yet to be observed in human trials. Therefore, avoid using plums for any disease condition of bones without consulting your healthcare provider.  

In addition to being delicious and nutritious, plums are known to aid in bone quality improvement. They are a great source of vitamin K, which is essential for bone health, as vitamin K helps in the absorption of calcium14.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

5. Potential Uses of Plum for Pregnancy

Animal studies4 have noted that oral administration of extract of plum in pregnant animals resulted in increased development and formation of bone (osteogenesis) in the baby. The extract of plum also helps increase the amount of serum calcium, resulting in a higher ratio of new bone formation compared to the existing length of a long bone. The benefits have been observed in animal studies, and are yet to be confirmed in humans. You need to exercise precautions before using plums during pregnancy.     

6. Potential Uses of Plum for Weight Loss

Plum contains polyphenols and bioactive compounds,that have been studied for their potential role in energy metabolism. Some preliminary research4 suggests that these compounds may influence appetite regulation and support metabolic functions. Plum juice is relatively low in calories, and when consumed as part of a balanced, calorie-controlled diet, it may contribute to maintaining a healthy weight.  

In a preclinical study7, the consumption of plum juice was useful for the loss of body weight. The low calories in plum juice and higher content of polyphenols may also help to reduce body weight.  

7. Other Health Benefits of Plum

Although some studies have suggested potential health benefits of plum juice (and beetroot juice) in various conditions, the current evidence is limited. Further well-designed clinical research is required to establish the extent and reliability of these effects in humans. 

Plums contain naturally occurring compounds that have been studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Preliminary research suggests these properties may help support overall brain health by protecting cells from oxidative stress14.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Plum

Plum can be used in the following ways:  

You should always consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming plums for regular use. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

Also Read: Blueberries: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Side Effects of Plum

While plums are generally safe when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet, some individuals may experience side effects. These are mostly related to digestive sensitivity or allergic reactions. Commonly reported effects include: 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to plum, immediately contact your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to treat you appropriately. 

Plums are a rich source of natural antioxidants and essential nutrients, which may help protect the body’s cells from oxidative stress, a factor associated with the natural ageing process. Including antioxidant-rich fruits like plums as part of a balanced diet may contribute to overall skin and cellular health1.

Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS, M.S.

Precautions to Take with Plum

Plum is generally considered to be safe for most individuals when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. However, certain precautions should be observed: 

Also Read: Chirata: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Various fruit juices contain an unknown amount of phytochemicals and when combined with other medicines, they can lead to food–drug interactions resulting in side effects. Similarly, plum juice also has multiple phytochemicals that can lead to increased exposure to the system, resulting in high blood pressure (hypertension)10. This food–drug interaction needs to be considered by your Ayurvedic physician to avoid developing serious health issues. Therefore, follow the advice of your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed you this supplement.   

Conclusion

Plums are nutrient-dense fruits with potential health benefits ranging from helping with digestion to supporting bone and heart health. Rich in antioxidants and essential vitamins, they may help in managing various conditions. However, further human studies are needed, and medical advice is essential before therapeutic use.

Also Read: Papaya (Papita): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is plum good for diabetes?   

Yes, plums have a low glycaemic index and also contains sorbitol which helps in lowering the levels of glucose in the blood.  If you or someone you know has diabetes, avoid using any herb or fruit without consulting your healthcare provider.   

What are the different advantages of plum?   

Plum fruit contains nutrients and antioxidants that may support overall health, including immune function and eye health. Some laboratory and animal studies have explored its potential role in managing conditions such as arthritis, asthma, anaemia, elevated cholesterol, and cognitive decline. However, more robust clinical research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.  However, avoid using plum for any health condition without consulting with a doctor first.   

What vitamins are present in plum and what are the benefits?   

Plum contains vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin K and vitamin E.
Vitamin A protects against oral and lung cancers. Vitamin B helps to metabolise carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the body. Vitamin C contributes to the body’s natural defence mechanisms and acts as an antioxidant by neutralising free radicals. Vitamin K plays a vital role in blood clotting and is important for bone metabolism. Some studies have also investigated its potential association with cognitive health in older adults. 

Is plum good for weight loss?   

Yes, studies13 have shown that replacing sugary drinks with polyphenol-rich juices like plum juice may support weight management and help prevent obesity. However, it is important to consult your healthcare provider or nutritionist before making any significant changes to your diet, as these changes can affect your overall health. 

Can we use plum as mosquito repellent? 

Yes, the extract has demonstrated activity against mosquito larvae and may be used as a natural mosquito repellent when applied to the skin. 

What are the benefits of plum skin?   

Plum skin contains a high amount of phenolic compounds, which exhibit strong antioxidant activity. These antioxidants may help in preventing the spread of cancer cells. However, for any serious medical condition, it is essential to consult a qualified doctor.  

References

  1. Shukla RK, Kishan. A Review on European Plum (Prunus domestica) for its Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemicals. Res J Pharm Tech. 2021 Feb 1;14(2). Available from: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-14-2-103  
  2. United States Department of Agriculture [Internet]. Plums, raw; 2019 Apr 1 [cited 2022 June 2]. Available from https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169949/nutrients  
  3. Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M. Dried Plums and Their Products: Composition and Health Effects-An Updated Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013 Oct 3;53(12):1277-302. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.563880  
  4. Igwe EO, Charlton KE. A Systematic Review on the Health Effects of Plums (Prunus domestica and Prunus salicina). Phytother Res. 2016 Mar 1;1:5581. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ezinne-Igwe/publication/298899398_A_Systematic_Review_on_the_Health_Effects_of_Plums_Prunus_domestica_and_Prunus_salicina/links/59e936adaca272bc4278504c/A-Systematic-Review-on-the-Health-Effects-of-Plums-Prunus-domestica-and-Prunus-salicina.pdf   
  5. Bahrin AA, Moshawih S, Dhaliwal JS, Kanakal MM, Khan A, Lee KS, et al. Cancer protective effects of plums: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Dec 25;146:1-17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112568  
  6. Graef JL, Ouyang P, Wang Y, Rendina-Ruedy E, Lerner MR, Marlow D, et al. Dried plum polyphenolic extract combined with vitamin K and potassium restores trabecular and cortical bone in osteopenic model of postmenopausal bone loss. Journal of Functional Foods [Internet]. 2018 Mar [cited 2025 May 27];42:262–70. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6176741/  
  7. Noratto G, Martino HSD, Simbo S, Byrne D, Mertens-Talcott SU. Consumption of polyphenol-rich peach and plum juice prevents risk factors for obesity-related metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease in Zucker rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Jun 1;26(6):633-41. Available from: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.014 
  8. Birwal P, Deshmukh G, Saurabh SP, Pragati S. Plums: A Brief Introduction. J Food Nutr Popul Health. 2017 Mar 16;1(1):8. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pragati-Singham/publication/316476857_Plums_A_brief_introduction/links/5a9e65a40f7e9bc35fd01e88/Plums-A-brief-introduction.pdf  
  9. Pastorello EA, Ortolani C, Farioli L, Pravettoni V, Ispano M, Borga A, et al. Allergenic cross-reactivity among peach, apricot, plum, and cherry in patients with oral allergy syndrome: An in vivo and in vitro study. J Allergy Clin Immunol.1994 Oct 20;1:699-707. Available from: https://www.jacionline.org/article/0091-6749(94)90177-5/pdf  
  10. Petric Z, Žuntar I, Putnik P, KovaÄević DB. Food–Drug Interactions with Fruit Juices. Foods. 2020 Dec 24;10(1):33. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/1/33/htm  
  11. Utsunomiya H, Yamakawa T, Kamei J, Kadonosono K, Tanaka S. Anti-hyperglycemic effects of plum in a rat model of obesity and type 2 diabetes, Wistar fatty rat. Biomed Res. 2005 Oct;26(5):193-200. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.. 26.193. PMID: 16295695. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16295695/
  12. Damani JJ, Rogers CJ, Lee H, Strock NC, Koltun KJ, Williams NI, Weaver C, Ferruzzi MG, Nakatsu CH, De Souza MJ. Effects of prune (dried plum) supplementation on cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women: an ancillary analysis of a 12‑month randomized controlled trial, The Prune Study. J Nutr. 2024 May;154(5):1604–18. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.012. Epub 2024 Mar 13. PMID: 38490532; PMCID: PMC11347804. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347804/
  13. Noratto GD, Martino HS, Simbo S, Byrne D, Mertens‑Talcott SU. Consumption of polyphenol-rich peach and plum juice prevents risk factors for obesity-related metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease in Zucker rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Jun;26(6):633–41. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.014. PMID:25801980. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25801980
  14. Wallace TC. Dried Plums, Prunes and Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients. 2017 Apr 19;9(4):401. doi: 10.3390/nu9040401. PMID: 28422064; PMCID: PMC5409740. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5409740/
  15. Keservani RK, Sharma AK, Kesharwani RK. Medicinal effect of nutraceutical fruits for the cognition and brain health. Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:3109254. doi: 10.1155/2016/3109254. PMID: 26966612; PMCID: PMC4757744. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4757744/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Munakka: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions and More!

Introduction

Munakka, also called black grape raisins in English, is a fruit with immense value due to its several potential benefits. The leaves, seed, skin of Munakka and the whole fruit contain helpful properties. Munakka is effective in balancing Vata and pitta doshas in the body. Dry grapes or Munakka are packed with nutrients and calories. Munakka (raisins) are initially green in color and darken as they are dried, resulting in a dried, dark-colored fruit having small seeds1

Nutritional Value of Munakka

Munakka is rich in sugars (glucose and fructose), vitamins (ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, pyridoxine), dietary fibers, and minerals (zinc, phosphorous, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium). Munakka also contains different types of phytochemicals (plant-derived compounds) like flavonoids, resveratrol, epicatechins, phytoestrogens, and hydrocinnamic acids2. In 100 grams, the below are the nutrients found in munakka3:

I came across a study that shows some awesome anti-ageing wonders of munakka. Compounds called polyphenolics found in foods like munakka might help reverse the effects of ageing on the brain and behaviour. These compounds are like superheroes with antioxidant powers, protecting the organs and tissues from damage caused by oxidative stress. However, studies on humans are needed to validate these claims21.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Munakka

Munakka may show a variety of properties such as4

Potential Uses of Munakka

Due to its beneficial properties, munakka may have potential use in several health conditions such as:

1. Potential Uses of Munakka for Gastrointestinal Health

stomach

Munakka contains dietary fiber which helps absorb natural fluids in the body. This adds volume to the food moving down the intestinal tract this may result in regular bowel movements and relief from constipation. The fibers may also help in eliminating harmful toxins from the body3

Munakka might also be beneficial in improving colon function. Munakka might also have some effect on reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.  However, there is a need for further research on humans to suggest the potential uses of Munakka that might benefit in these conditions.

I would recommend munakka for proper digestion and colon health. It was observed that eating raisins may have some positive effects on our digestion and colon health. It might make digested food move through the intestines faster. What’s even cooler is that the levels of bile acids in the faeces, which may be a sign of colon cancer risk, reduced22.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

2. Potential Uses of Munakka for Anemia

blood toxicity

Due to its iron content, munakka could help in anemia. Munakka might also contain vitamin B complex which is required for producing red blood cells5. This information is insufficient; hence more research is required to study the effects of Munakka in managing blood related problems in humans. You must consult your doctor for better advice.

3. Potential Uses of Munakka for Dental Health

dental issues

Munakka contains calcium which might help strengthen and remineralize tooth enamel. They might help decrease dental decay. This is due to certain compounds present in munakka that help inhibit oral pathogens. The anti-oxidant nature of munakka can help in eliminating bacteria that are responsible for dental caries and cavities. Munakka also contains antibacterial properties that help prevent dental caries6. Since there are insufficient studies to establish this claim, you must consult a dentist for oral health.

4. Potential Uses of Munakka for Bone Health

strengthen bones

Calcium is the main constituent of bones and is present in munakka. Boron is also a nutrient that is essential for proper bone formation and enhanced calcium absorption. Munakka also contains potassium which may help enhance bone growth, thus potassium, boron and calcium present in munakka, might be helpful in osteoporosis in women5,7. Consult an Ayurvedic doctor before using ginger and only use it if prescribed.

5. Potential Uses of Munakka for Skin

moisturizing skin

Munakka contains vitamin C and antioxidants that might help to maintain glowing and healthy skin. It also contains antioxidant properties that are helpful in bacterial infections and may also prevent psoriasis and acne8. A dermatologist will be able to guide you better for skin conditions.

6. Potential Uses of Munakka for Hair

Having munakka daily can help you have a head full of lustrous, thick hair due to its vitamin C content. Munakka may also contain anti-inflammatory properties that might be effective against dandruff and irritation9. You can consider to consult a doctor before using it.

7. Potential Uses of Munakka for the Heart

Munakka may help lower blood pressure and blood sugar levels resulting in a lower risk of heart disease. The fiber content in munakka might reduce low density or bad cholesterol. Low potassium levels in the body may cause high blood pressure, stroke, and heart disease. Munakka is a good source of potassium and can help improve heart health and prevent these heart conditions10,11. However, any heart condition can be serious and must be properly diagnosed and treated by a doctor.

8. Potential Uses of Munakka for Weight Loss

weight loss

Due to its composition, munakka ensures a better diet quality, and having it before a meal could help regulate appetite in healthy individuals who have an average weight.  Munakka might modulate hormones influencing satiety resulting in reduced hunger and dietary intake which can be useful to maintain a healthy body mass12. However, more research is required to prove such claims. You must contact a nutritionist for advice.

9. Other Potential Uses of Munakka

munakka

Though there are studies that show the potential uses of dhania in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of dhania on human health.  

How to Use Munakka

Munakka is available in three forms16

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

Also Read: Phalsa fruit (Grewia asiatica): Uses, Benefits, and Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode 

Side Effects of Munakka

When taken in large amounts, munakka can result in side effects due to its rich nutrient content17.  

Herbs may react differently with everyone we must exercise caution while using munakka.

Also Read: Neem: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Precautions to be Taken with Munakka

Also Read: Camphor: Uses, Benefits, Precautions, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is Munakka and Kishmish the Same? 

Munakka and kishmish contain different nutritional values. Kishmish is yellow in color and Munakka is brown in color. Kishmish does not contain any seeds while Munakka has seeds19.  

Can Munakka be Used for Acidity? 

A diet low in potassium and magnesium might result in acidity. Munakka is a great source of magnesium and potassium. Hence, adding Munakka to your daily diet might help prevent acidity1. However, more research is required to confirm such potential effects of munakka.

Can Munakka be used to boost energy? 

Munakka contains a lot of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals like phosphorous which might help in the uptake of other nutrients in the body. Hence, adding Munakka to your diet could enhance your energy and boost your immunity18. More research is needed to validate this fact.

Can Munakka be used for restoring liver function? 

Munakka contains liver protective and regenerative properties. This may be due to its phenolic content20. However, more research is required to confirm such potential effects and consult a doctor for better advice.

How many raisins can you consume in a day? 

The ideal portion of raisins that can be taken for a healthy, balanced like is 40g. This can protect you from type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases21

When can babies start eating Munakka? 

Babies can start having Munakka after 18 months. Munakka and other dried fruits are a choking hazard for babies below 12 months of age. It is best to consult a doctor before introducing anything into children’s diet22.

Can Munakka be used for cough? 

Yes, Munakka could help treat cough due to its cough suppressant activity. It might also help relieve any irritation in the throat. However, more research is required to confirm such potential effects of munakka.

References

  1. Journal of nutrition and health. A comprehensive review of raisins and raisin components and their relationship to human health. [Internet] Available from: https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201720861241372.page 
  1. National center for biotechnology information. Association of raisin consumption with nutrient intake, diet quality, and health risk factors in US adults: National health and nutrition examination survey 2001-2012 [Internet] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5642187/#:~:text=Raisins%20are%20low%E2%80%93medium%20energy,0.8%20mg%20iron%20%5B5%5D 
  1. National centre for biotechnology information. Is eating raisins healthy? [Internet] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019280/ 
  1. Journal of pharmaceutical research international. Black raisins improved experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia. Biochemical and histological evidence. [Internet] Available from: https://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/31839 
  1. Science direct. Antimicrobial constituents of thompson seedless raisins (vitis vinifera) against selected oral pathogens. [Internet] Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1874390008000542 
  1. National center for biotechnology information. The association of potassium intake with bone mineral density and the prevalence of osteoporosis among older Korean adults. [Internet] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6997142/ 
  1. National center for biotechnology information. Vitamin C in dermatology. [Internet] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3673383/ 
  1. Research gate. The role of vitamins and minerals in hair loss: A review. [Internet] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329628006_The_Role_of_Vitamins_and_Minerals_in_Hair_Loss_A_Review 
  1. National institutes of health. How too little potassium may contribute to cardiovascular disease. [Internet] Available from: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-too-little-potassium-may-contribute-cardiovascular-disease 
  1. American college of Cardiology. Snacking on raisins may offer a heart-healthy way to lower blood pressure. [Internet] Available from: https://www.acc.org/about-acc/press-releases/2012/03/25/15/51/raisins_bp 
  1. 39th World congress of vine and wine. Raisins in human health: a review. [Internet] Available from: https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/pdf/2016/02/bioconf-oiv2016_04005.pdf 
  1. DNGO care. Munakka for piles: Effective home remedy for hemorrhoids. [Internet] Available from: https://dengo.in/munakka-for-piles-effective-home-remedy-for-hemorrhoids/ 
  1. Organic facts. Raisins: Benefits, side effects and how to eat [Internet] Available from: https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/fruit/health-benefits-of-raisins.html 
  1. Planet Ayurveda. Grapes (vitis vinifera)- Properties, benefits, uses, dosage. [Internet] Available from: https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/grapes-vitis-vinifera/ 
  1. Prajna Paramita Panda, Dr. Shiva Kumar Harti and Dr. Mangalagowri V. Rao; Analytical study on grapes and its therapeutic uses. European journal of biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. 2018 5 (4): 150-154 Available from: https://storage.googleapis.com/journal-uploads/ejbps/article_issue/volume_5_april_issue_4/1522484418.pdf 
  1. Pub med. Progressive motility increase caused by L-arginine and polyamines in sperm from patients with idiopathic and diabetic asthenozoospermia. [Internet] Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14515660/ 
  1. Research gate. Raisins: A kitchen cabinet item that can restore the liver function and structure. [Internet] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343821161_Raisins_A_kitchen_cabinet_item_can_restores_the_liver_function_and_structure 
  1. The New England Journal of medicine. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Internet] Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm200005113421903 
  1. Centers for disease control and prevention. Choking hazards. [Internet] Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/choking-hazards.html 
  1. Shahnaz Sultana, Andleeb Khan, Mohammed M Safhi And Hassan A.Alhazmi; Cough suppressant herbal drugs: a review. International journal of pharmaceutical science invention. 2016 Aug 5(5): 2319-6718 Available from: http://www.ijpsi.org/Papers/Vol5(5)/D0505015028.pdf 
  2. Xia EQ, Deng GF, Guo YJ, Li HB. Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes. Int J Mol Sci. 2010 Feb 4;11(2):622-46. doi: 10.3390/ijms11020622. PMID: 20386657; PMCID: PMC2852857. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852857/
  3. Olmo-Cunillera A, Escobar-Avello D, Pérez AJ, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Vallverdú-Queralt A. Is Eating Raisins Healthy? Nutrients. 2019 Dec 24;12(1):54. doi: 10.3390/nu12010054. PMID: 31878160; PMCID: PMC7019280. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7019280/#B43-nutrients-12-00054

Disclaimer:The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Kanchanar Guggulu: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Introduction

Kachnar tree (Bauhinia variegata) is a deciduous tree native to India and China. In India, it is widely found in Assam, central, eastern, and southern India. The bark of this tree is used for multiple medicinal purposes1

Guggul, also known as Indian Myrrh, is the yellowish gum-resin obtained from the stem of the Guggul tree or Commiphora wightii. This tree is native to Pakistan, India, and Arabia. In India, it is distributed in Rajasthan, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat2.

The decoction obtained from the bark of the Kachnar tree and Guggulu is mixed along with other ingredients to produce Kanchanar guggulu. Kanchanar guggulu helps in the normal functioning of the lymphatic system and aids in the elimination of toxins from the body. 

Ingredients of Kanchanar Guggulu

Kanchanar guggulu has a distinct odour and a bitter taste. It consists of about 12 ingredients. These include:

Out of the above-mentioned ingredients, kanchanar and guggulu are the major ingredients. Kanchanar guggulu contains phytochemicals (plant-based derivatives), compounds like phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, sterols, fatty acids, fixed oils, proteins, carbohydrates, glycosides, lactones, saponins, and terpenoids. 

Properties of Kanchanar Guggulu

Kanchanar guggulu contains several active ingredients that have different beneficial properties and can be used to help in various conditions.

Potential Uses of Kanchanar Guggulu

1. Potential Uses of Kanchanar Guggulu for Hypothyroidism

According to Ayurveda, excess kapha dosha and medha dhatu (excess fats) lead to an impairment in the function of pitta dosha, which might cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism4.

However, the research available seems insufficient to identify the extent of benefits in humans, thus, it is suggested that one must visit a qualified doctor to get proper treatment for hypothyroidism.

2. Potential Uses of Kanchanar Guggulu for Cancer

Studies5 show that kanchanar guggulu contains a cytotoxic property by which it may regulate cell division and decrease cell proliferation. Hence, this Ayurvedic preparation might help with the treatment of cancer. However, for humans, we would need more extensive research that can validate this claim. Moreover, cancer is a serious illness that may require you to consult a qualified doctor for its diagnosis and treatment.

3. Potential Uses of Kanchanar Guggulu for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Kanchanar Guggulu contains triphala and trikatu, which contain vitamin C. This might help in relaxing the muscles of the prostate and the bladder neck. This might help relieve pressure and improve urination6. This may indicate the benefits of kachanar gugglu for this condition, but it needs further study to establish its effectiveness. You must consult a doctor for advice.

4. Potential Uses of Kanchanar Guggulu for Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is a common condition among children.  Kanchanar guggulu may have a beneficial effect on the increased kapha and rakta doshas in the body7. Hence, it is beneficial in decreasing the signs and symptoms of chronic tonsillitis. Please visit your doctor for proper prescription and guidance.

5. Potential Uses of Kanchanar Guggulu for Lymph Node Swelling

Lymph node swelling may occur due to bacterial and viral infections. They may occur in the neck, groin or armpit.  

Kanchanar guggulu may have potential antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties, which may make it an effective remedy for lymph node swellings. It may also be helpful in reducing glandular swellings. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Kanchanar Guggulu

Kanchanar guggulu may have some beneficial effect in the treatment of fistulas, leprosy, cysts, skin diseases, boils, liver cysts, polycystic kidney disease, and other swellings in the body.  

Though studies show the benefits of kanchanar guggulu against various disease conditions, these studies are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of beetroot on human health.  

From my experience, Kanchanar Guggulu may help ease symptoms associated with PCOS. Insulin resistance, commonly seen in PCOS, may be reduced because of the anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic qualities of Kanchanar Guggulu.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Ashokarishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Side Effects of Kanchanar Guggulu

Even Ayurvedic herbs may have specific side effects and may react differently in every person. Ensure that you consult an Ayurvedic physician before using it for proper guidance.

Additionally, Kanchanar Guggulu might result in mild gastric discomfort in people with a sensitive stomach. It might cause headaches, vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, hiccups, stomach upset, allergic reactions, skin rashes, and itching when taken in large doses. If you experience any of these side effects or allergic reactions after using beetroot, stop its use and contact your healthcare provider immediately.  

From my knowledge, Kanchanar Guggulu might be your ally in your weight loss journey. The bitter, astringent, and pungent flavour of Guggulu stimulates metabolism and may aid in fat burning and improving digestion. Hence, they may play a significant role in overall body weight loss.

Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Mulberry (Shahtoot): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions and Warnings to be Taken with Kanchanar Guggulu

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

Also Read: Patharchatta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is the kachnar tree found only in India?

Bauhinia variegata is not only found in India but is also distributed in China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos1

What are the different formulations of guggulu?

The different formulations of guggulu are Abha guggulu, Amrita guggulu, Abhyadi guggulu, Amritadi guggulu, Amrita guggulu dvitya, Amritadyo guggulu, Dwatrinshako guggulu and Dashang guggulu9.  

Which parts of the kachnar tree are used for benefits? 

The stem bark, leaves, seeds, and flowers of the  Kachnar tree are used for different beneficial purposes.  

What are the other names of guggul? 

Common names of guggul are guggal, gugulipid, gum guggal, and gum guggulu. 

What are the other names of the kachnar tree?

The common names of this tree include Camel’s foot tree, orchid tree, the ebony tree, butterfly ash, poor man’s orchid, and mountain ebony. 

Does kanchanar guggulu have antioxidant properties?

Antioxidants are substances that might protect your cells from damage caused by free radicals. High levels of free radicals can cause harm to the body. The flavonoids and phenols present in  Kanchanar guggulu contribute to their antioxidant property. Further studies can identify the antioxidants for humans.

References

  1. Sahu AN, Padhy RN. Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata): 18. ResearchGate. 2020 Dec [cited 2025 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347463758_Kachnar_Bauhinia_variegata_18
  2. Sarup P, Bala S, Kamboj S. Pharmacology and phytochemistry of oleo-gum resin of Commiphora wightii (Guggulu). Scientifica (Cairo). 2015;2015:138039. doi: 10.1155/2015/138039. Epub 2015 Oct 26. PMID: 26587309; PMCID: PMC4637499. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4637499/
  3. Lamsal R, Kumar A. Action of Kanchanar Guggulu in the management of Galganda (hypothyroidism): A review. ResearchGate. 2023 Mar [cited 2025 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369471533_ACTION_OF_KANCHANAR_GUGGULU_IN_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_GALGANDA_HYPOTHYROIDISM_A_REVIEW
  4. Yadav V. Exploring the Ayurvedic perspective on hypothyroidism: Insight and holistic solution. ResearchGate. 2024 Apr [cited 2025 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380355840_EXPLORING_THE_AYURVEDIC_PERSPECTIVE_ON_HYPOTHYROIDISM_INSIGHT_and_HOLISTIC_SOLUTION
  5. Shukla V, Bhathena ZP, Shah G, Jha A, Nishteswar K. Cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of Kanchnar Guggulu, an Ayurvedic formulation. ResearchGate. 2018 Oct [cited 2025 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328070686_Cytotoxic_and_antiproliferative_activity_of_kanchnar_guggulu_an_Ayurvedic_formulation
  6. Patel JK, Dudhamal TS, Gupta SK, Mahanta V. Efficacy of Kanchanara Guggulu and Matra Basti of Dhanyaka Gokshura Ghrita in Mootraghata (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Ayu. 2015 Apr-Jun;36(2):138-44. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.175552. PMID: 27011713; PMCID: PMC4784122. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4784122/
  7. Adhvaryu TR, Patel KS, Kori VK, Rajagopala S, Manjusha R. Evaluation of the effect of Kanchnara Guggulu and Tankana-Madhu Pratisarana in the management of Tundikeri (tonsillitis) in children. Ayu. 2016 Jul-Dec;37(3-4):190-197. doi: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_91_14. PMID: 29491671; PMCID: PMC5822979. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5822979/
  8. Urizar NL, Moore DD. Therapeutic effects of Guggul and its constituent guggulsterone: Cardiovascular benefits. ResearchGate. 2003 Dec [cited 2025 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5771050_Therapeutic_Effects_of_Guggul_and_Its_Constituent_Guggulsterone_Cardiovascular_Benefits
  9. Tomar R, Kaur G, Sannd R, Singh H, Sarkar B. A review on Guggulu formulations used in Ayurveda. Ann Ayurvedic Med. 2013;2(4):140-145. Available from: https://aamjournal.in/fulltext/70-1389420886.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Amaltas (Golden Shower Tree): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Amaltas also known as Cassia fistula or Golden shower tree is a popular herb in Ayurvedic medicine known to be useful in a variety of health conditions. This tree has many names, out of which Pupping pipe Golden Shower, Aragvadha, and Indian Laburnum are the most common ones. Amaltas is prevalent in India and Pakistan and is also found in a few parts of Southeast Asia. Due to its extensive beneficial properties, it is cultivated in many parts of India1.  

Properties of Amaltas

All the parts of Amaltas. The leaves, seeds, root, pulp, fruit, and bark have various potential properties that are responsible for its various uses. It may also helpful in pacifying all three body energies: Vata, Pitta, and  Kapha2.  

1. Leaves

The leaves might possess laxative properties.    

2. Seeds

3. Fruits

4. Flower

5. Pulp

6. Bark

Potential Uses of Amaltas

1. Potential Uses of  Amaltas for Constipation

improve digestion

Amaltas may be a remedy for constipation. The emulsion obtained from Amaltas may be effective in the 3-week treatment of functional constipation in children. Amaltas may be used as a mild laxative in pregnant women as well. The Amaltas pulp can be mixed in hot water and taken for constipation5,6. There is a need for more scientific research to prove these claims.

Other than loads of health benefits, Amaltas may be beneficial for taking care of a stomach illness. I recently read in an article that it may be a perfect choice to aid in acid reflux since it is a rich source of anti-oxidants16.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

2. Potential Uses of Amaltas for Suppressing Cough

cough and cold

Amaltas may have antitussive (cough-suppressing) properties. The pods are burnt, made into ash, mixed with salt and honey. This mixture may be used for relieving cough. It may also have some effect on fevers. The leaves of Amaltas also may be effective in relieving cough. Amaltas may help to boost immunity and protect the body against infections7. There is a need for more scientific research to prove these claims. You must consult a doctor for better advice.

3. Potential Uses of Amaltas for Skin Diseases

skin infections

The leaves of Amaltas can be used in skin conditions like ringworms, eczema, and skin eruptions. Amaltas root may help with dermatological problems. The fruit pulp of Amaltas was also found to be beneficial in treating skin diseases and worms. The leaves of amaltas may be used in erysipelas8. However, these properties of amaltas to manage skin problems would need further studies. Therefore, you should not amaltas without guidance from a doctor.

Amaltas may be used as an anti-venom to snakebites. I recently read an article that suggests due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, Amalatas is a potential anti-venom for snakebites15.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

4. Potential Uses of Amaltas for the Heart

heart

Amaltas may contribute in strengthening heart muscles, reducing blood cholesterol levels, and preventing the build-up of lipids. Hence it decreases the risk of heart diseases, blood clot formation, etc4. These activities, however, are yet to be proved in humans. Moreover, heart conditions must be properly diagnosed and treated by a specialist doctor. Therefore, kindly ensure to consult a doctor.

5. Potential Uses of Amaltas for Urinary Problems

urinary problem

Amaltas can also be used in problems related to urination like burning during urination, urinary retention and obstructions in the abdomen4. There is a need for more scientific research to prove these claims. You should consult a doctor for prescriprion and guidance. Though studies show the benefits of amaltas in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of amaltas on human health.  

How to Use Amaltas?

Amaltas is available in different forms1:

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

Side Effects of Amaltas

Generally, Amaltas is safe even when used for children. However an overdose of leaves and barks of Amaltas produces side effects like8:

Therefore you must consume amaltas as per advise of you doctor only. He will guide you for suitable form and dose.

Precautions to Take with Amaltas

Also Read: Pippali (Long Pepper): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is a lack of sufficient data regarding the interaction of amaltas with any other drugs. Therefore, consult a doctor before taking it especially if you are on medication are receiving treatment for any condition.

Also Read: Rambutan: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can Amaltas be used for skin allergies? 

Amaltas help protect your skin and can reduce rashes and irritation. It can be used for conditions like skin eruptions, psoriasis, eczema, etc9.  However further research is needed to validate this claim.

Can Amaltas be used for abdominal pain? 

The paste made from the fruit of  Amaltas is rubbed gently around the navel area for abdominal pain. It is also used for treating bloating10. Consult a doctor for advice on the use of amaltas for abdominal pain.

Is Amaltas indicated in arthritis? 

Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Amaltas is effective in arthritis11. However, more research is needed to prove these claims as concrete facts.

What kind of habitat is Amaltas found in? 

Amaltas is commonly found in tropical, subtropical, and deciduous forests. They also prefer moist areas and mountain areas4

What are the parts of Amaltas? 

Amaltas contains stem bark, leaves, root bark, flowers, and pods. All these parts have extensive medicinal uses. 

Can Amaltas be used for healing wounds? 

Amaltas is an effective remedy for treating skin wounds. Amaltas can be used as an ointment on the affected area for obtaining better wound closure and reducing the size of the wound12. Take the advice of a qualified doctor for any injury or wound, it may cause more harm than benefit if not taken proper care.

Does Amaltas have anti-bacterial properties? 

Amaltas is known to be effective in controlling the growth of bacteria. It is also antifungal in nature. The fruit pulp of  Amaltas contains anticandidal properties13. More studies are needed to identify the extent of the benefit of amaltas against bacteria.

Can Amaltas be used for diabetes? 

Yes, Amaltas can be helpful in the treatment of diabetes. It protects the pancreatic cells from damage and improves the secretion of insulin14. Diabetes is a serious health condition and you must consume herbs or medications only under medical supervision.

What are the beneficial properties of Amaltas?  

Amaltas is an antidiabetic, hepatoprotective (liver protecting) antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antitussive, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antitumor, anti-itching,  antileishmanial, wound healing and larvicidal8.  

References

  1. Planet Ayurveda. Cassia fistula Uses, health benefits, dosage, medicinal properties. [Internet] Available from: https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/amaltas-cassia-fistula-uses-health-benefits/ 
  1. Research gate. Medicinal properties of Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn.). [Internet] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49612832_Medicinal_Properties_of_Aragvadha_Cassia_fistula_Linn/link/5da6d0a34585159bc3d021dc/download 
  2. Thirumal. M, Surya.Srimanthula, Kishore.G; Cassia fistula Linn – Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review. Critical review in pharmaceutical sciences. Available from: http://earthjournals.in/crps-7.pdf 
  3. Ayesha Maqsood, Ayesha Munir, Dr. Sammia Shahid; A Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Cassia fistula. A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. 2020 May-June; 62 (2): 45-53. Available from: https://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v62-2/09.pdf 
  4. National center for biotechnology information. The effect of Cassia fistula emulsion on pediatric functional constipation in comparison with mineral oil: a randomized, clinical trial. [Internet] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3556012/ 
  5. Planet Ayurveda. Amaltas, purging Cassia (Cassia fistula). [Internet] Available from: https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/amaltas-cassia-fistula/  
  6. T. Bhakta, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Kakali Saha, M. Pal & B.P. Saha; Studies on Antitussive activity of Cassia fistula (Leguminosae) leaf extract. 140-143 Pharmaceutical biology. 2004 May; 36 (2): 140-143 Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1076/phbi.36.2.140.4598 
  7. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research. Cassia fistula Linn: A review of phytochemical and pharmacological studies. [Internet] Available from: http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/cassia-fistula-linn-a-review-of-phytochemical-and-pharmacological-studies/?view=fulltext 
  8. Research gate. Cassia fistula Linn. (Amulthus)- An important medicinal plant: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. [Internet] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/216410159_Cassia_fistula_Linn_Amulthus-_An_Important_Medicinal_Plant_A_Review_of_Its_Traditional_Uses_Phytochemistry_and_Pharmacological_Properties 
  9. Research gate. Therapeutic uses of Cassia fistula: Review. [Internet] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313366837_Therapeutic_Uses_of_Cassia_Fistula_Review 
  10. Research gate. Prophylactic anti-arthritic effect of Cassia fistula in murine rheumatoid arthritis model. [Internet] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335335383_Prophylactic_Anti-Arthritic_Effect_of_Cassia_fistula_in_Murine_Rheumatoid_Arthritis_Model 
  11. PubMed. Wound healing potential of Cassia fistula on infected albino rat model. [Internet] Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16242721/ 
  12. National center for biotechnology information. Antibacterial and antifungal activities from leaf extracts of Cassia fistula L: An ethnomedicinal plant. [Internet] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217694/ 
  13. Research gate. Antidiabetic activity studies on Cassia fistula fruits. [Internet] Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286624066_ANTIDIABETIC_ACTIVITY_STUDIES_ON_CASSIA_FISTULA_FRUITS/link/566c5bba08ae430ab4fd4f80/download
  14. Mwangi RW, Macharia JM, Wagara IN, Bence RL. The medicinal properties of Cassia fistula L: a review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;144:112240. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112240. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221010246#sec0020
  15. Madgundi A, Nitin C, Chaudhari M, Chaudhari Y. Amaltas (Cassia fistula Linn.) – A medicinal and pharmaceutical plant. Int J Ayurvedic Med. 2023;14(2):341-345. doi:10.47552/ijam.v14i2.3405. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372384974_Amaltas_Cassia_fistula_linn_-_A_medicinal_and_pharmaceutical_plant

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Kaunch Beej: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions and More!

Introduction

Kaunch Beej is also referred as Cowhage or Cowitch. The scientific name of the plant is Mucuna pruriens and it belongs to the family Fabaceae of legumes. The seeds are generally called Magic Velvet Beans for their application on hair. They are also a good source of protein and can act as an immunity booster. They are known for their medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, dewormer, and it is also used in Parkinson’s disease and in older adults to boost overall health1.

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Kaunch Beej

Kaunch beej consists of a wide range of phytochemical constituents like glycosides, reducing sugars, saponins, alkaloids and tannins, which may be responsible for its potential uses2. Other nutritional components of kaunch beej are:

Nutrients present in kaunch beej per 100g2.

Owing to the multitude of nutrients present, kaunch beej may have several beneficial properties. These include anti-parasitic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-venom and antidiabetic activity1,2.

Uses of Kaunch Beej

Some of the traditional uses of kaunch beej that are backed by scientific research include

1. Used for Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinsons Disease

Levodopa has been a widely used drug to treat Parkinson’s disease since 1960s3. However, due to its high cost, people were unable to use it and were in search of other drugs or herbs to replace the levodopa. Many studies2 have been conducted on kaunch Beej, and its L-dopa component may have shown potential to help with Parkinson’s disease. According to one of the pilot trial, the 30 g formulation of Mucuna pruriens may be more beneficial for Parkinson’s disease than conventional L-dopa formulations. Without increasing dyskinesia or other dopaminergic side effects, it demonstrated an immediate and significantly longer duration of symptom alleviation. This may indicate the potential kaunch seeds hold in managing Parkinson’s disease4. However it is a severe condition and needs proper medical intervention. Please consult your doctor for suitable advice.

2. Used in Diabetes

Home Remedies For Diabetes

In studies, Kaunch Beej extract is found to have a strong ability to reduce blood glucose levels along with reduction in the cholesterol levels. One of the studies5 on rats shows that kaunch beej increases the production of insulin levels in blood and reduces the blood sugar level. This may indicate some beneficial effects of kaunch beej in diabetics, but you must always consult a doctor before using.

3. Used for Deworming

deworming

Some studies have shown that kaunch beej is effective in killing parasitic worms. One study6 showed that worms were paralysed when kaunch beej oil sample was used. This may indicate that kaunch beej may help in controlling parasitic worms. However, scientific evidence to support this statement is currently inadequate.

4. Used in cases of Snake Bites

Snake bite

It is found that oral administration of kaunch seeds can protect against toxin effects of snake bites. This is because of protein present in the seeds that helps to block the protein digesting enzyme in snake venom7. In some countries like Nigeria, these seeds are used as a safety measure against snakebites8. However, snakebite is a very dangerous, it’s better to consult doctor immediately to avoid unnecessary situations.

5. Used in Infections

Allergy

Studies have confirmed the antibacterial and antifungal effects of kaunch beej’s seed and root’s extract. They play a vital role by inhibiting the specific microbes thereby helping fight several infections2. According to a study both methanolic and aqueous extracts of Mucuna pruriens seeds have antibacterial action against a range of bacterial strains, including those that are resistant to drugs, as well as some types of fungi9. But you always be in touch with your healthcare professional, before self-medicating.

6. Other Potential Uses of Kaunch Beej

blood toxicity

Though there are studies showing the benefits of kaunch beej in various conditions, these are insufficient. There is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of kaunch beej on human health. Furthermore, every person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using kaunch beej for any medical condition.

Kaunch beej is a geriatric tonic, as mentioned in Ayurvedic literature. Along with Parkinsonism, Kaunch beej might also be useful to manage constipation, oedema, tuberculosis, fever and menstrual disorders.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Kaunch Beej?

Kaunch beej can be used as:

One should always take the advice of an Ayurvedic physician before having kaunch beej. They will guide you with the best form and dosage in which the herb can be used per your health condition. In addition, we recommend you do not replace or discontinue your ongoing medications with any ayurvedic or herbal preparations without seeking the medical advice of a qualified doctor.

Side Effects of Kaunch Beej

The most common side effects of kaunch beej are due to presence of L-Dopa components, they include11:

Some of the other possible side effects may be:

However, if you experience such side effects, immediately seek medical attention from your physician who has prescribed it to you. They will prescribe you a better treatment possible to overcome the side effects.

Also Read: Khadirarishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Precautions to Take with Kaunch Beej

Interactions with Other Drugs

The following drugs may interact with the active components of Kaunch Beej: 

Therefore, always discuss your ongoing medications with your doctor and they will further give you a suitable prescription for you as per your conditions

Also Read: Ashokarishta – Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions

Conclusion

Kaunch beej is well known for its high protein content and is used traditionally for various medicinal purposes. They are mainly used as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease, as many patients are unable to afford to buy levodopa. Still, there are many ongoing about the potential health benefits of kaunch beej. It is always better to consult a healthcare professional before self-medicating any herbs to avoid unnecessary side effects.

Also Read: Suhaga: Uses, Benefits, Precautions & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Kaunch Beej

Kaunch Beej is called Cowhage or Cowitch in English. It is a legume that grows in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. It is widely called Magic Velvet Beans. It is either used as a major source of dietary protein in some parts of the world or as a herbal product

Can Kaunch Beej be used for weight loss?

Kaunch Beej may support weight management. The seeds may improve body composition by making appropriate changes in liver and adipose tissue caused by obesity. However consult a qualified nutritionist if you are looking to achieve your weight loss goals.

What are the uses of Kaunch Beej?

Kaunch seeds are an excellent source of protein. They also may have several beneficial properties that make them an ideal ingredient in various ayurvedic medications. Kaunch Beej concoction can also help reduce blood glucose levels, fight infections and deworm. In addition, Kaunch Beej may help with Parkinson’s disease. Further studies are needed to establish the given effects of kaunch beej and it is best to consult a doctor for advice on these conditions before consuming kaunch beej.

References

  1. Pal AK, Devi S, Mukherjee A, Shubha K. Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) seeds: Dual benefits as a nutritional source and their medicinal values. Food & Scientific Reports. 2025 Jan;6(1):1-5.Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388566303_Velvet_bean_Mucuna_pruriens_seeds_Dual_benefits_as_a_nutritional_source_and_their_medicinal_values
  2. Pathania R, Chawla P, Khan H, Kaushik R, Khan MA. An assessment of potential nutritive and medicinal properties of Mucuna pruriens: a natural food legume. 3 Biotech. 2020 Jun;10(6):261. doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02253-x. Epub 2020 May 20. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7239958/
  3. Katzenschlager R, Lees AJ. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease: levodopa as the first choice. J Neurol. 2002 Sep;249 Suppl 2:II19-24. doi: 10.1007/s00415-002-1204-4.Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12375059/
  4. Katzenschlager R, Evans A, Manson A, Patsalos PN, Ratnaraj N, Watt H, Timmermann L, Van der Giessen R, Lees AJ. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s disease: a double blind clinical and pharmacological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Dec;75(12):1672-7. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.028761. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1738871/
  5. Bhaskar A, Vidhya VG, Ramya M. Hypoglycemic effect of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Fitoterapia. 2008 Dec;79(7-8):539-43. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2008.05.008. Epub 2008 Jul 10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18672037/
  6. Jalalpure SS, Alagawadi KR, Mahajanashetti CS, Shah BN, Singh V, Patil JK. In vitro anthelmintic property of various seed oils against Pheritima posthuma. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2007;69:158–160. Available from: https://scispace.com/pdf/in-vitro-anthelmintic-property-of-various-seed-oils-against-2fh7mxf75s.pdf
  7. Kumar A, Gupta C, Nair DT, Salunke DM. MP-4 Contributes to Snake Venom Neutralization by Mucuna pruriens Seeds through an Indirect Antibody-mediated Mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2016 May 20;291(21):11373-84. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.699173. Epub 2016 Mar 17. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4900281
  8. Tan NH, Fung SY, Sim SM, Marinello E, Guerranti R, Aguiyi JC. The protective effect of Mucuna pruriens seeds against snake venom poisoning. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jun 22;123(2):356-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.025. Epub 2009 Mar 26. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19429384/
  9. Rao AS, Shobha KL, Concessao PL, Rao SG, Pai KS. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens seed. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021;14(8):4212-4. doi:10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00730. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-14-8-36
  10. Rajeshwar Y, Gupta M, Mazumder UK. Antitumor activity and in vivo antioxidant status of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) seeds against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Int J Pharmacol Ther. 2005;5(2):91-95. Available from: https://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-39-fa.html
  11. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Clinical Review Report: Levodopa/Carbidopa (Duodopa): (AbbVie Corporation): Indication: For the treatment of patients with advanced levodopa-responsive Parkinson’s disease [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): CADTH; 2018 Sep [cited year month day]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539559/
  12. Lampariello LR, Cortelazzo A, Guerranti R, Sticozzi C, Valacchi G. The Magic Velvet Bean of Mucuna pruriens. J Tradit Complement Med. 2012 Oct;2(4):331-9. doi: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30119-5.Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3942911/
  13. Gandhi KR, Saadabadi A. Levodopa (L-Dopa). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Updated 2023 Apr 17. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482140/
  14. yeleye IS, Ogunsuyi OB, Oluokun OO, Oboh G. Seeds of moringa (Moringa oleifera) and mucuna (Mucuna pruriens L.) modulate biochemical indices of L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats: A comparative study. J Agric Food Res. 2023 May;12:100624. DOI:10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100624.Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370529059_Seeds_of_moringa_Moringa_oleifera_and_mucuna_Mucuna_pruriens_L_modulate_biochemical_indices_of_L-NAME-induced_hypertension_in_rats_A_comparative_study

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

  

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Kalmegh: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Introduction

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees is known as kalmegh in Hindi. It is known to be an important native crop of India and Srilanka1.

Kalmegh is also called ‘BhuiNeem’ as it looks very similar to neem and, though smaller, has a bitter taste. Kalmegh is an erect herb that grows annually. It is used as a wonder drug in tribal medicine and in Indian Siddha, ayurvedic systems of medicine2,4.

Properties of Kalmegh

Kalmegh is an important herb for its benefits for health, as it acts by inducing enzymes. Kalmegh’s potential beneficial properties are as follows1:

Potential Uses of Kalmegh

Indian systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, have been using the plant for its potential health benefits since ancient times. In countries like China, India, and other south-east Asian countries, kalmegh is traditionally used for various health conditions4.  A variety of compounds that have been isolated from the plant may be used in medicinal formulations. The potential uses of kalmegh and its extracts are:

1. Potential Uses of Kalmegh in Infections

Kalmegh may not be a substitute for antibiotics, but it could have a complementary effect when used along with antibiotics for several infections. Some infections that may be helpful in are gastrointestinal tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections, throat infections, fever, and colds. It is, however, essential to consult your doctor before taking kalmegh for any infection3.

2. Potential Uses of Kalmegh as an Analgesic & Anti-inflammatory Herb

Kalmegh may act as a pain killer, and it may also reduce swelling and blood loss. The anti-inflammatory action of kalmagh may probably be mediated, in part, by its adrenal function. Moreover, for pain and inflammation2, consult your doctor for relief.

3. Potential Uses of Kalmegh in Improving Digestion

Kalmegh helps improve digestion due to its laxative properties; it aids in the elimination of faeces. It is also choleretic (helps in improving the properties of bile and causes a substantial increase in the flow of bile) and thus aids in digestion3.

4. Potential Uses of Kalmegh for Protecting the Liver

Kalmegh may be effective against liver toxicity by producing a cleaning solvent and inhibiting the production of free radicals that destroy the cellular membranes that surround liver cells. Free radicals might cause liver cirrhosis. This can further result in coma and death. Studies5 have shown that kalmegh may be an effective solution for infectious hepatitis. In a study5, decoction obtained from the kalmegh plant demonstrates cleaning and purifying activity, especially of blood. Thus, it may be used to cure jaundice. Kalmegh may be helpful for the treatment of fatty liver, and it can reduce the risk of gallstone formation. Thus, it might also aid in fat digestion2. Moreover, for any conditions related to the liver, you must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.

5. Potential Uses of Kalmegh for Cancer Treatment

Kalmegh is believed to have a cancerolytic effect; it fights and may even kill cancer cells. Extract from kalmegh may have some effect on enhancing immune system functions. Studies6 show the potential of kalmegh as it activates dual responses, making it effective against a variety of infectious and cancer-causing agents. 

Due to this ability, the National Cancer Institute terms kalmegh as a cytotoxic substance. It may also have lesser toxicity than most chemotherapeutic agents. While kalmegh shows potential in treatment for cancer, further research is needed to find which types of cancer respond to it.  

6. Potential Uses of Kalmegh in the Treatment of Ulcers

Kalmegh extract demonstrated antiulcerogenic activity. It may reduce the development of ulcers as it significantly decreases stomach acidity without any major side effects7. However, more studies are needed to establish its effect on ulcers in humans. Consult a doctor to get better advice.

7. Potential Uses of Kalmegh in the Treatment of Filaria

Kalmegh extracts may be effective in the treatment of filaria, in which there is obstruction of lymph channels leading to gross swelling termed elephantiasis8. It may show no apparent toxic effects. Though the exact effects of kalmegh on filaria are not known, thus you must consult a doctor.

8. Potential Uses of Kalmegh for the Treatment of Malaria

Kalmegh extract comprises of antimalarial substance, which is known to show activity against Plasmodium berghei (malaria-transmitting parasite). Its effects were found to be even better than that of an antimalarial drug9. It may control the spread of parasites which causes the spread of malaria, thus being more effective. Further studies can establish this effect of kalmegh.

9. Potential Uses of Kalmegh for Treatment of Inflammation

Researches10 show the anti-inflammatory activity of kalmegh; it was found to inhibit oedema. It may also treat chronic inflammation of the colon in combination with prescription drugs. Local bacterial infection causes kidney inflammation. Studies11 have shown kalmegh extracts to be effective in the treatment of this condition, and their performance was found to be comparable to the standard clinical drug used for the treatment. You should consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment for such conditions, it may be dangerous to self-medicate using herbs without proper information of its impact on your condition.

10. Potential Uses of kalmegh as Thrombolytic & Cardioprotective Substance

Studies12 show that kalmegh has the potential to increase the time taken to clot clotting. It, may, therefore, reduce the risk of restenosis (closing of blood vessels) observed post-angioplasty. Contraction of blood vessels caused by injuries to the inner lining of blood vessels or by high cholesterol in the diet may also be reduced significantly by using kalmegh.

Reduced blood supply and oxygen availability to heart muscles may cause the heart tissues to die. Kalmegh was found to stimulate the natural process in the body called fibrinolysis that dissolves blood clots in studies. However, such effects need to be proved by further research. Moreover, it is essential to consult a doctor before using kalmegh for any apparent health benefits.

11. Potential Uses of Kalmegh in Brain-related Disorders

Kamegh may also help in maintaining the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain. It may therefore helpful in reducing the occurrence of memory loss, impaired mental performance, dizziness, headaches, depression, and ringing in the ears13. However, these effects need to be proved by further research and it is essential to consult a doctor before using kalmegh for any benefits.

Though there are studies that show the potential uses of kalmegh in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of kalmegh on human health.  

Based on some research14, I have found that andrographolide, present in Kalmegh, may have the potential in fighting HIV. Scientists created different versions of andrographolide and found that some derivatives were effective against HIV. Further research is needed, but these findings suggest that andrographolide derivatives might be useful in managing HIV.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

How to Use Kalmegh?

Every part of the kalmegh plant body may be used to obtain active pharmacological compounds for its benefit.

Kindly refer to your doctor for advice, and consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

Also Read: Bael (Aegle Marmelos): Uses, Benefits, Nutritional Value & Side Effects

Side Effects of Kalmegh

When consumed in moderation kalmegh may be safe, but overuse of kalmegh may produce some side effects such as.  

In case you experience such side effects you must consult your doctor for help they will prescribe a solution as per your condition.

Also Read: Noni Fruit Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Precautions to Take With Kalmegh

It is advisable that, as a precaution, women may avoid kalmegh usage while they are pregnant. The safety of kalmegh in pregnant and breastfeeding women has not been fully studied. Likewise, no research has been done on the safety of kalmegh in children and elderly. Therefore, it should only be taken under the supervision and advice of a physician.

Also Read: Chandraprabha Vati (Chandraprabha Gulika): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Interactions With Other Drugs

There is not much information available on how kalmegh interacts with other medications. Hence, one should consult a doctor before taking barley if they take any other drug or supplement.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is kalmegh good for stomach ailments?  

Pills prepared by mixing juice obtained from the leaves of the kalmegh plant and spices (cardamom, clove, and cinnamon) are prescribed to relieve infants from stomach aches and other stomach ailments. You should consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment for such conditions, it may be dangerous to self-medicate using herbs without proper information of its impact on your condition.

Can we use kalmegh as a sedative? 

It is shown that kalmegh demonstrates some sedative effects. It is rather a relaxing herb as it is not as effective as established herbal sedatives, you should consult a doctor for advice on consuming kalmegh for its relaxing effect.

Can kalmegh help diabetic patients? 

Kamegh decoction on oral use may reduce blood glucose levels as it demonstrates a hypoglycemic effect stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, which is similar to that of other antidiabetic medicines. However, conditions like diabetes must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Kindly consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.

Can cholesterol levels in the body be reduced by using kalmegh? 

Studies14 have shown extracts from kalmegh to have potential hypolipidemic effects. Moreover, it protects our heart without causing any damage to the liver. It reduces bad cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein) and triglyceride levels in the blood. Kindly consult a doctor as the diseases of the heart must be properly diagnosed and treated by a specialist.

References

  1. Okhuarobo A, Falodun JE, Erharuyi O, Imieje V, Falodun A, Langer P. Harnessing the medicinal properties of Andrographis paniculata for diseases and beyond: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2014 Jun;4(3):213–222. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60509-0. PMCID: PMC4032030. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032030/
  2. Mishra SK, Sangwan NS, Sangwan RS. Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh): a review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2007 Jul-Dec;1(2):283–298. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281535536_Andrographis_paniculata_Kalmegh_A_review
  3. Hossain S, Urbi Z, Karuniawati H, Mohiuddin RB, Moh Qrimida A, Allzrag AMM, Ming LC, Pagano E, Capasso R. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: An updated review of phytochemistry, antimicrobial pharmacology, and clinical safety and efficacy. Life (Basel). 2021 Apr 16;11(4):348. doi:10.3390/life11040348. PMID: 33923529; PMCID: PMC8072717. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072717/
  4. Bhaisare S, Pathak S, Ajankar VV. Physiological activities of the King of Bitters (Andrographis paniculata): a review. Cureus. 2023 Aug 15;15(8):e43515. doi: 10.7759/cureus.43515. PMID: 37719535; PMCID: PMC10501175. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10501175/
  5. Chturvedi GN, Tomar GS, Tiwari SK, Singh KP. Clinical studies on kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) in infective hepatitis. Anc Sci Life. 1983 Apr–Jun;2(4):208–215. PMID: 22556984; PMCID: PMC3336768. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336768/
  6. Varma A, Padh H, Shrivastava N. Andrographolide: a new plant-derived antineoplastic entity on horizon. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:815390. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep135. PMID: 19752167; PMCID: PMC3139959. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139959/
  7. Saranya P, Geetha A, Selvamathy SM. A biochemical study on the gastroprotective effect of andrographolide in rats induced with gastric ulcer. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2011 Sep-Oct;73(5):550–557. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.99012. PMID: 22923868; PMCID: PMC3425067. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425067/
  8. Al-Abd NM, Nor ZM, Al-Adhroey AH, Suhaimi A, Sivanandam S. Recent advances on the use of biochemical extracts as filaricidal agents. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:986573. doi:10.1155/2013/986573. PMID: 24298292; PMCID: PMC3835708. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835708/
  9. Misra P, Pal NL, Guru PY, Katiyar JC, Srivastava V, Tandon JS. Antimalarial activity of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) against Plasmodium berghei NK 65 in Mastomys natalensis. Int J Pharmacogn. 1992;30(4):263–274. doi:10.3109/13880209209054010. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232035136
  10. Manjula SD, Prasanna Kumar S, Rao VK. Anti-inflammatory activity of ten indigenous plants in carrageenan induced paw oedema in albino rats. Biomedicine (India). 2021;41(3):649–653. doi:10.51248/.v41i3.585. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355775104
  11. Intharuksa A, Arunotayanun W, Yooin W, Sirisa-ard P. A comprehensive review of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and its constituents as potential lead compounds for COVID-19 drug discovery. Molecules. 2022 Jul 13;27(14):4479. doi:10.3390/molecules27144479. PMID: 35889352; PMCID: PMC9316804. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9316804/
  12. Wang DW, Zhao HY. Prevention of atherosclerotic arterial stenosis and restenosis after angioplasty with Andrographis paniculata Nees and fish oil. Experimental studies of effects and mechanisms. Chin Med J (Engl). 1994 Jun;107(6):464–70. PMID: 7956489. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7956489/
  13. Souza LC, Andrade MK, Azevedo EM, Ramos DC, Bail EL, Vital MABF. Andrographolide attenuates short-term spatial and recognition memory impairment and neuroinflammation induced by a streptozotocin rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurotox Res. 2022 Oct;40(5):1440–1454. doi:10.1007/s12640-022-00569-5. Epub 2022 Aug 27. PMID: 36029454. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36029454/
  14. Jayakumar T, Hsieh CY, Lee JJ, Sheu JR. Experimental and clinical pharmacology of Andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive phytoconstituent andrographolide. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:846740. doi:10.1155/2013/846740. Epub 2013 Mar 24. PMID: 23634174; PMCID: PMC3619690. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3619690/

Disclaimer:The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Chandraprabha Vati (Chandraprabha Gulika): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Introduction

Chandraprabha Vati is made of two Sanskrit words: ‘Chandra’ means moon and ‘Prabha’ means glow1. Chandraprabha Vati contains 37 ingredients and it may be a helpful Ayurvedic formulation that can be used in obesity, diabetes, metabolic diseases, and other diseases related to the urinary and genital system.

Potential Uses of Chandraprabha Vati

This ancient remedy has value in various health-related conditions.

1. For Weight Management

Chandraprabha may help to remove excess body fat and restore fat at the required places. It may be effective in cases of cellulite and obesity. It might help in improving stamina and strength and have a calming effect on the body. However, we need more studies to provide scientific evidence for these benefits of Chandraprabha Vati.

2. For Gout

Chandraprabha Vati may help with the elimination of toxins like urea and creatinine from the body. It may be beneficial for kidney function and might help in the excretion of excess uric acid, thus helping with conditions like gout2. It is prescribed by ayurvedic doctors along with other herbal powders like Gokshuradi Vati and Guduchi Satva. However, this information is insufficient for humans as these studies are done on animals. Thus, more studies on humans are required to back this claim. Therefore, it is essential to first speak to your doctors and only use it if prescribed.

3. For Diabetes

Chandraprabha Vati may have some effect in improving blood sugar levels. It may also decrease the frequency of urination in people who have diabetes3.

Microalbuminuria is a condition where there is protein loss in the urine. Microalbuminuria is an early indicator of kidney failure in diabetic patients. Chandraprabha Vati, when taken along with other herbal remedies, may be helpful for microalbuminuria.

Using Chandraprabha might have some effect on insulin resistance by stimulating the burning of glucose and promoting glucose absorption into the cells. These tablets can also be used in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes is a serious health problem; hence, a proper diagnosis and treatment are needed. Please consult your doctor for proper advice.

Other Potential Uses

Though there are studies that show the potential uses of Chandraprabha Vati in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Chandraprabha Vati on human health.

I would suggest Chandraprabha Vati as an excellent natural option for managing albuminuria. This condition is characterised by the presence of albumin (a protein) in the urine, which may indicate kidney damage. Studies5 have found that Chandraprabha Vati might reduce the amount of albumin. This means that it may help improve kidney function and promote better urinary health.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Lady Finger (Bhindi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

How to Use Chandraprabha Vati?

Chandraprabha is available in tablet (vati) form and can be taken with milk or water. Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dosage according to your health condition.

In addition, we advise you not to replace or quit your current medications with any herbal preparations made from cardamom without talking to a physician or an Ayurvedic doctor.

From what I have observed6, Chandraprabha Vati contains certain ingredients like Yavakshara and Svarjikakshara, which may have alkaline properties. These components might work in a gentle diuretic manner, meaning they may increase urine production. As a result, they help decrease the acidity of urine, providing relief from the discomfort of a burning sensation during urination.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Side Effects of Chandraprabha Vati (Chandraprabha Gulika)

Chandraprabha Vati does not produce any major side effects or serious adverse reactions when taken in recommended doses. It is essential to follow the dosage as prescribed by the Ayurvedic physician. However, every herb may react differently in every individual. Therefore, if you experience any of such side effects, seek immediate medical help from your doctor who has prescribed it to you. They will be the best guide for providing proper treatment to overcome side effects.

Also Read: Ashokarishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Precautions & Warnings to be Taken with Chandraprabha Vati

Chandraprabha Vati does not cause any side effects. Although, since the supplement contains iron, it should be avoided in conditions like: 

Chandraprabha Vati should be avoided by pregnant women.  One must take extra precautions while giving it to children and elderly adults might develop a few harmful reactions in the body. Without consulting a doctor, people should not use Chandrprabha Vati to self-medicate.

I would recommend Chandraprabhavati if you’re looking for a natural way to enhance your beauty. It contains a whopping 37 ingredients carefully selected to possibly promote youthful, wrinkle-free, and glowing skin4.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, BAMS, MD (Ayu)

Also Read: Patharchatta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How to use Chandraprabha Vati? 

Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe the dosage according to your health condition. Chandraprabha Vati can be taken with honey, milk, water, and herbal remedies like kwath and Guduchi. 

Can Chandraprabha Vati be used on the face?

Chandraprabha Vati can be used to restore the glow in a dull face.

Can Chandraprabha Vati be used for weight loss? 

Chandraprabha Vati may help in weight loss by eliminating fat from unwanted places and restoring fat elsewhere. But you should not take Chandraprabha Vati without consulting a doctor, to self-medicate.

Can Chandraprabha Vati be used to treat kidney stones?

Chandraprabha can be taken with herbal medications like Hajrulyahud Bhasma, Gokshuradi Gugul, and Punarnavadi Vati, which may have some benefits for the kidney stones. However, you must consult a qualified doctor for advice on medications for kidney stones. They will guide you as per your conditions.

Can Chandraprabha Vati be used in the treatment of piles? 

Chandraprabha taken along with Triphala Guggulu and Abhayarishta may have some effects on haemorrhoids (piles). Further studies are needed to establish this claim and it is best to consult a doctor for advice. 

Is Chandraprabha Vati useful for managing asthma? 

Chandraprabha Vati can also be helpful in respiratory issues like asthma and difficulty in breathing. But the current studies available are not enough to understand the exact benefits of the herb.

Is Chandraprabha Vati useful for treating heart conditions? 

Chandraprabha Vati is effective in decreasing cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and fat accumulation in the blood vessels. You must consult a doctor for any issues related to heart, as self-medication can worsen the condition.

References

  1. Age VD, Solanki VS. Chandraprabha Vati: A Timeless Elixir in Ayurvedic Medicine. Int J Adv Res Sci Commun Technol. 2024 Dec;4(1):368–369. doi:10.48175/IJARSCT-22653. Available from: https://ijarsct.co.in/Paper22653.pdf
  2. Singh J. Chandraprabha Vati: Benefits, Uses, Dosage & Side Effects. Ayur Times [Internet]. 2015 Mar 16 [cited 2025 Apr 22]; Available from: https://www.ayurtimes.com/chandraprabha-vati-benefits-uses-dosage-side-effects/
  3. Wanjari MM, Mishra S, Dey YN, Sharma D, Gaidhani SN, Jadhav AD. Antidiabetic activity of Chandraprabha vati – A classical Ayurvedic formulation. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2016 Jul–Sep;7(3):144–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2016.08.010. PMID: 27665674; PMCID: PMC5052381. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5052381/
  4. Weerasekera KR, Dhammarathana I, Tissera AHM, Ariyawansha HAS, Ratnasooriya WD. Anti-inflammatory activity of an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation: Chandraprabha Vati. Int J Recent Adv Multidiscip Res. 2015;2(6):471–5. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336666082_ANTI-INFLAMMATORY_ACTIVITY_OF_AN_AYURVEDIC_HERBO-MINARAL_FORMULATION_CHANDRAPRABHA_VATI
  5. Weerasekera KR, Dhammarathana I, Tissera MHA, Ariyawansa HAS. Evaluation of the effect of Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation: Chandraprabha vati on albuminuria. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2015;3(5):300–5. doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.28. Available from: https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.28
  6. Kadwalia G, Sood P, Guleria P. Chandraprabha Vati in Mutrakrichhra – A Review. World J Pharm Res. 2018;7(8):311–22. doi:10.20959/wjpr20188-11864. Available from: https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/686673.pdf

Disclaimer- The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Kiwi: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Kiwi is scientifically known as Actinidia deliciosa. It is native to China and originated in the mountain ranges of Chang Kiang valley (Yang Tao) in northern China. Kiwi is also known by many other names, such as Mihoutau, Macaque peach Kiwi is scientifically known as Actinidia deliciosa. It is native to China and originated in the Chang Kiang valley (Yang Tao) mountain ranges in northern China. Kiwi is also known by many other names, such as Mihoutau, Macaque peach and the very popular Chinese gooseberry. Kiwi fruit is small in size and has a brown peel. It contains edible flesh, green in colour and black seeds, which are also edible. Some kiwi fruit seeds were introduced from China to New Zealand at the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, there has been a growth in its production in New Zealand, which currently hosts the best kiwi fruit industry in the world. In India, this fruit is successfully grown in Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Assam, Mizoram and the hills of Tripura1,2.

Nutritional Value of Kiwi

The nutritional value of raw kiwi fruit per 100 g is as follows3:

Carbohydrates

Fatty Acids

Amino Acids

Properties of Kiwi

The potential properties of kiwi are the following:

Kiwi is abundant in vitamin C! Consumption of fruits rich in vitamin C has been linked to potential benefits for respiratory health. Studies indicate that even a modest intake of vitamin C-rich fruits, like kiwi, may help reduce wheezing symptoms in children9.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Potential Uses of Kiwi

The potential uses of kiwi fruit might be as stated below.

1. Potential uses of kiwi for heart

Kiwi is a rich source of potassium, fibre and omega-3 fatty acids. Fibre might help reduce high cholesterol levels. Thus, it might help in lowering the risk of heart disease. Potassium is an essential component of the cells that helps regulate the heart rate. It has been found through many studies2 that foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids may have the capacity to decrease the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. Folate, vitamin E, and magnesium present in the fruit might also help minimise the risk of heart disease. These properties may indicate the potential benefit of kiwi for the heart. However, you should consult your doctor for treatment and diagnosis of heart disease and never try to self-medicate.

2. Potential uses of kiwi for hair

Kiwi contains vitamins C and E that might help in hair fall reduction. This fruit also contains magnesium, phosphorus and zinc that may help with blood circulation; hence, it may affect hair growth. The seed oil of kiwi contains omega-3 fatty acids, which might help maintain the moisture of the hair. It also contains copper, which might be helpful for premature greying of hair, and it may also help with natural colour. The iron present in the fruit might promote blood circulation in the scalp; thereby, it might help to strengthen the hair from its roots and thus may give it proper nourishment2. However, more research will be required to prove the actual effects of kiwi on human hair.

3. Potential uses of kiwi for cancer

Kiwi contains antioxidants, vitamins, carotenoids and fibres, which might help with cancer healing. According to studies2, dietary fibre in kiwi might help decrease the risk of colon cancer. It contains catechin that might help reduce the toxicity caused by anti-cancer agents and stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow. Kiwi also contains lutein, which might help with lung and prostate cancers2. However, extensive research will be required to back up such claims and estimate their benefits for humans. You must consult a specialist for severe conditions like cancer.

4. Potential uses of kiwi for high blood pressure and diabetes

Kiwi has a high potassium content, which might help minimise the effects of sodium in the body, which otherwise can cause high blood pressure2. Kiwi is rich in fibre, which might help with the blood sugar levels in diabetic patients2. However, there is a need for more studies to prove the potential use of kiwi for high blood pressure and diabetes.

5. Potential uses of kiwi for skin

Kiwi is a natural source of vitamin C, which might act as an antioxidant and may help with the damage to the skin caused by the sun, may help with wrinkles, may help with skin vibrancy, youthfulness and texture of the skin. Vitamin C is also responsible for collagen formation, which might help repair the skin. It may also help the skin recover from cuts and wounds. It also contains vitamin E, which may help with the softness and moisture of the skin and may help protect it from degeneration2. However, there is insufficient evidence and a need for more research on this subject. You must consult a good skin doctor if you have any conditions related to skin.

6. Potential uses of kiwi for bones

Vitamin K in kiwi may play a role in the osteotropic activity, i.e., the formation of new bone cells; thereby, it may help in building bone mass. Vitamin E, folate and magnesium also have many health benefits that help form bones2. However, the potential use of kiwi for bones needs to be further explored and backed up by studies and research. You must consult an Ayurvedic physician for better advice.

Other potential uses of kiwi

Though studies show the potential uses of kiwi in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of kiwi on human health.

Did you know that eating two kiwi fruits every day can do wonders for your tummy? It may increase the number of times you go to the bathroom, make your bowel movements smoother, and even reduce the time it takes for food to travel through your gut8.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Mangosteen: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

How to Use Kiwi?

Kiwi may be used in the following ways:

You should always consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming kiwi for therapeutic uses2.

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

Green kiwifruit consumption has long been associated with aiding digestion, and this is attributed to the presence of the enzyme actinidin. Actinidin, found in kiwifruit, might break down proteins. Interestingly, studies have shown that kiwifruit extract might effectively digest proteins found in yoghurt, cheese, fish, and raw eggs, even without the presence of other digestive enzymes10.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Side Effects of Kiwi

The most common side effects of kiwi are:

Please do not self-medicate, alter, replace or discontinue any ongoing treatment.

Kiwi is a blessing for your gut! It’s packed with prebiotics, which are essentially the fuel to growth of gut-friendly bacteria and yeast in your tummy, called probiotics. These probiotics might help keep your gut in balance and support your overall digestive health7.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Precautions to Take with Kiwi

 Ensure you always consult your doctor before consuming it during pregnancy and lactation, as their prescription is based on your medical history and condition. Also, consult your doctor before giving it to young children and older adults2. Never try to self-medicate, alter, replace or discontinue an ongoing treatment on your own.

Also Read: Jackfruit (Kathal): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is little evidence regarding the adverse drug reaction of kiwi with any other drug. However, it does not prove that it will not react with any other drug and is entirely safe for use. So, always consult your doctor and discuss your ongoing treatments before taking it along with any other drugs.

Also Read: Guava (Amrood) Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of kiwi?

Kiwi is rich in vitamin K and potassium; therefore, it may have potential health uses for the heart and bone health, diabetes, anaemia, depression, kidney stones, etc2. However, more research is needed to prove the health claims of kiwi and consider it entirely safe for consumption.

How does kiwi promote bone health?

Vitamin K in kiwi may help with an osteotropic activity of the bone, which might help in building bone mass2. More research is needed to be sure of these effects; it is best to take advice from your doctor.

How to use kiwi?

Kiwi can be eaten as fresh, frozen or dried fruit. It can also be consumed in the form of juice, jam, marmalade, jelly, nectar, etc2. You must follow the instructions laid down by your ayurvedic physician for dosage and form.

Can I take a kiwi while breastfeeding?

There is not enough study to support its safe usage while breastfeeding. Always consult your doctor before consuming kiwi while breastfeeding.

What are the side effects of kiwi?

Some people may show an allergic reaction to kiwi, characterised by mouth irritation or a severe allergic reaction. People allergic to kiwi may also develop swelling of the pancreas over a short period after consuming it4,6 . Ensure that you consult a doctor before using kiwi for your health.

References

  1. Megagriculture [Internet]. Kiwi Fruit; [cited 2022 May 20]. Available from: http://megagriculture.gov.in/public/package_of_practice_kiwi.pdf
  2. Tyagi S, Nanher AH, Sahay S, Kumar SV, Bhamini K, Nishad SK, et al.. Kiwifruit: Health benefits and medicinal importance. Rashtriya Krishi [Internet]. 2015 Nov [cited 2022 May 20];10(2):98-100. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316701273_Kiwifruit_Health_benefits_and_medicinal_importance
  3. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [Internet]. Kiwifruit, green, raw; [cited 2022 May 24]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168153/nutrients
  4. Raman VK, Chauhan SK, Chaudhuri A. Actinidia deliciosa: A Nature’s Boon to Modern Pharmacotherapeutics. Appl Pharm SciMicrobiol [Internet].2020 Oct[cited 2022 May 20];16:83. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344545197_Actinidia_Deliciosa_A_Nature’s_Boon_to_Modern_Pharmacotherapeutics
  5. NHS [Internet]. Kiwi fruit allergy; 2020Sept 9 [cited 2022 May 20]. Available from: https://www.wsh.nhs.uk/CMS-Documents/Patient-leaflets/PaediatricDepartment/6430-1-Kiwi-fruit-allergy.pdf
  6. Manohar M, Verma AK, Upparahalli Venkateshaiah S, Goyal H, Mishra A. Food-induced acute pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2017 Dec;62(12):3287-3297. PMCID: PMC5718054. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5718054/
  7. Cleveland Clinic. 6 Health Benefits of Kiwifruit [Internet]. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Clinic; 2023 Feb 1 [cited 2025 Sep 17]. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/kiwi-benefits/
  8. Richardson DP, McGhie TK, Whereat EB, Skeaff CM, Roy MJ, Ansell JM. The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit: a review. Nutrients. 2018 Jun;10(6):730. PMCID: PMC6267416. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6267416/
  9. Forastiere F, Pistelli R, Sestini P, Fortes C, Renzoni E, Rusconi F, Dell’Orco V, Ciccone G, Bisanti L; SIDRIA Collaborative Group. Consumption of fresh fruit rich in vitamin C and wheezing symptoms in children. Thorax. 2000 Apr;55(4):283-8. PMID: 10722767. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10722767/#:~:text=Conclusions%3A%20Although%20the%20effect%20of,especially%20among%20already%20susceptible%20individuals.
  10. Kaur L, Boland M. Influence of kiwifruit on protein digestion. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2013;68:149-67. PMID: 23394986. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23394986/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Saffron (Kesar): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Saffron, the most expensive spice in the world, is a tiny part of a fragrant flower which smells like honey. Scientifically known as Crocus sativus, it belongs to the family Iridaceae. It is one of the oldest spices cultivated by the man since Saffron, the most expensive spice in the world, is a tiny part of a fragrant flower which smells like honey. Scientifically known as Crocus sativus, it belongs to the family Iridaceae. It is one of the oldest spices cultivated by man since 1600 to 1700 BC. It could have originated in Middle East areas and Central Asia or Southwest Greek islands. It is widely cultivated in many countries such as China, India and the Middle East regions. It is a perennial herb growing 10-25 cm tall and when autumn begins, it blooms into purple-coloured flowers. The vivid red-coloured three filament ‘stigma’ of this flower is dried to make the spice ‘saffron’1.

Nutritional Value of Saffron

Saffron has a good source of nutritional components and vitamins that are given as follows: 

Nutritional value of saffron per 100 grams2  

Vitamins present in saffron per 100 grams2

Properties of Saffron

Due to the good effectiveness of Saffron, it has captured the interest of researchers all over the world. It is said that Saffron may even replace some synthetic medicines3. The properties of Saffron are:

Various studies suggest the potential activity of saffron in nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. However, more large-scale studies are needed to confirm these activities6.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Saffron

Saffron has a range of benefits that are described as below.

1. Potential Uses of Saffron (Kesar) for Skin

good for skin

Since ancient times, Saffron has been used for skin conditions. It may help improve complexion, decrease dark circles under the eyes, refresh the face and may help manage acne and infections of the superficial layer of the skin (erysipelas)1,4. It may also help absorb the skin-damaging UV rays of the sun and can be used as a natural sunscreen. Saffron may help prevent skin cancer1. It may help reduce the production of melanin pigment in the skin, helping in lightening the skin. It may also help manage melanoma (a kind of skin cancer that affects the cells that produce melanin)1. These benefits have been observed in lab studies, and more trials are required to support the use of saffron in human skin conditions. Therefore, you are advised to avoid using saffron for any skin condition without consulting your healthcare provider.

2. Potential Uses of Saffron for Cholesterol

cholesterol

Saffron potentially reduces cholesterol levels in the blood, which reduces atherosclerosis (a condition in which cholesterol gets deposited on the arteries)1. These properties of saffron may help with blood cholesterol levels, but more studies are required to support its use. Therefore, if you are suffering from high blood cholesterol, you need to reach out to your doctor and get a consultation. Avoid using saffron to control blood cholesterol without consulting your doctor. 

3. Potential Uses of Saffron for Digestion

digestive system

Saffron may act as a tonic for the digestive system. It may help curb the appetite and the formation of gases in the intestine. It also may help to manage amoebic dysentery1. Using saffron in the diet may help ease digestion, but it is better to get help from the doctor if you are experiencing any digestive issues.  

4. Potential Uses of Saffron for the Eyes

eye

Saffron may be used to manage various eye problems such as cataracts, diseases of the cornea, soreness of the eyes and eye diseases occurring due to ageing. It was used by females in a form of ‘Kohl’ to line their eyes, as a form of makeup, protecting them from eye infections1. It may also help reduce the destruction of photoreceptor cells in the eye that occurs due to exposure to light1,3. However, the eyes are sensitive organs and it is better to consult an eye specialist for any eye-related issues.

5. Potential Uses of Saffron for Heart

heart health

In animal studies, the alcohol extracts of Saffron have demonstrated properties to lower blood pressure. It may potentially play a key role in reducing the risk factors for causing heart disease like lipids as seen above4. If you or someone your know is suffering from high blood pressure, you need to strictly adhere to the doctor’s advice and avoid using any herbs without consulting with the doctor.

6. Potential Uses of Saffron for Depression

depression

In animal studies, saffron could reduce the level of neurotransmitters in the brain, thereby improving mood. It has also studied for its ability to reduce depression and anxiety1,4. The extracts of Saffron could enhance memory and learning capabilities during lab studies. Clinical studies have shown that Saffron could improve memory in patients with Alzheimer’s disease who are suffering from dementia4. However, these studies are insufficient to understand the exact benefits for humans. If you’re suffering from depression or any other psychological issues, you need to consult your psychiatrist or doctor for advice. You are advised not to use any herbs or ingredients for psychological illnesses without consulting your doctor.

7. Other Potential Uses of Saffron

saffron kesar

Several trials conducted in humans and animals suggest the antidepressant potential of saffron. However, more studies are awaited to consolidate its benefits6.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Saffron (Kesar)?

Saffron can be used in the following ways:

You should always consult your Ayurvedic physician before consuming Saffron for regular use. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

Side Effects of Saffron

In clinical studies, Saffron shows various side effects such as dryness of mouth, anxiety, numb sensation, tingling in hands, headache and a sensation of vomiting. A study documented that changes in hunger were also observed in the consumption of Saffron4. However, if you experience any adverse reactions to it, immediately contact your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to treat you appropriately.

Also Read: Vijaysar (Pterocarpus marsupium): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and more!

Precautions to Take with Saffron

Saffron is generally considered to be safe if it is taken in the recommended dosages. Consumption of Saffron less than 1.5 g per day is safe4. However, general precautions have to be followed while consuming Saffron:

If you are using saffron for its benefits or for any health issues, it is better to consult with a doctor and make well-informed choices. Avoid using any her as medicine without discussing it with your healthcare provider.

Also Read: Black Cardamom (Badi Elaichi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Adverse reactions of Saffron with any other medicinal drugs have not been reported. However, there is not enough data to report that Saffron is completely safe to use by children as well as adults. Therefore, it is best to follow the advice of your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed you this herb.

Also Read: Sandalwood: Uses, Benefits, Side effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can saffron (Kesar) be taken daily along with milk?

While Saffron can be taken with milk and is generally considered safe to be consumed daily, one must take care that the daily intake of Saffron should not be inhigh doses4.
Pregnant women should be extra cautious about the amount of Saffron they consume as more than 5 grams of saffron per day can cause uterine contractions5. Also, before you use saffron for any health condition, it is important to talk to your doctor.

Can saffron be used to reduce skin hyperpigmentation?

Studies have shown benefits of saffron to reduce the melanin pigment in the skin, which is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin1. If you are suffering from hyperpigmentation, you need to consult with a skin doctor or specialist and get treated. Using herbs and ingredients for skin problems without consulting with a doctor may worsen the situation.

What are the uses of saffron petals?

Saffron petals may have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties which might make them useful in the management of short-term pain and long-term pain. Saffron petals are also effective in managing depression1. There are insufficient studies to establish the benefits of these properties of saffron in humans. You must always consult a qualified doctor or an ayurvedic physician before consuming any herb for its benefits.

What are the different uses of the dye obtained from saffron?

The dye obtained from Saffron is golden yellow in colour and can be used as a natural dye in food. It is environment-friendly, less toxic, less likely to cause allergic reactions and can be disposed of in a better way as compared to artificial dyes. It can also be used to dye clothes and for painting1.

Does saffron reduce hair fall?

There are not enough studies that report that saffron has a positive role in reducing hair fall. If you are experiencing a hair fall, consult your Ayurvedic physician who will examine you and give you a suitable prescription.

References

  1. Mzabri B, Addi M, Berrichi. Traditional and Modern Uses of Saffron (Crocus Sativus). Cosmetics. 2019 Oct 1;6(4):63. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336817839_Traditional_and_Modern_Uses_of_Saffron_Crocus_Sativus
  2. US Department of Agriculture [Internet]. Spices saffron; [cited 2022 May 30]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170934/nutrients
  3. Moghaddasi MS. Saffron chemicals and medicine usage. J Med Plant Res. 2010 Mar 18 ;4(6):427-30. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-full-text-pdf/F6F1E8115978
  4. Moshiri M, Vahabzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh H. Clinical Applications of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and its Constituents: A Review. Drug Res.2014 May 1;65(6):287-95. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad-Moshiri/publication/262532300_Clinical_Applications_of_Saffron_Crocus_sativus_and_its_Constituents_A_Review/links/54bfc5430cf28a63249fde75/Clinical-Applications-of-Saffron-Crocus-sativus-and-its-Constituents-A-Review.pdf
  5. Poma A, Fontecchio G, Carlucci G, Chichiricco G. Anti-inflammatory properties of drugs from saffron crocus. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2012 Oct 1;11(1):37-51. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22934747/
  6. Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH, Hosseini M, Rezaee R, M Tsatsakis A. The effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituents on nervous system: A review. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2015 Sep-Oct;5(5):376-91. PMID: 26468457; PMCID: PMC4599112. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4599112/

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