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Chicory: Uses, Benefits, Side effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction:

Chicory, kasni, or kasani is a tuberous taproot with rosette leaves grown widely in the winter season, although it originated in Europe. In India, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat account for the maximum cultivation of chicory. The three basic varieties of chicory include radicchio, Belgian endive and puntarelle. Cichorium intybus or chicory is popular owing to its culinary, medicinal, and nutritional qualities found in buds, leaves, and roots. As a herbal remedy, chicory has been used for hundreds of years and continues to be used even today. Let us learn more about chicory’s health benefits and the considerations you need to keep in mind if you’re planning to add chicory to your diet.1 

Nutritional Value of Chicory:

Chicory contains a potpourri of nutrients ranging from carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Major Phytochemicals in chicory include tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, etc. The nutritional chart of chicory is given in the table below.  

Properties of Chicory:

Chicory shows numerous scientifically proven properties; some of which are mentioned below: 

Potential Uses of Chicory for Overall Health:

Some of the potential benefits of chicory are described below. 

1. Potential Uses of Chicory on Breast Cancer

The use of dietary components’ inhibitory and protective effects on breast cancer has increased. For example, Henryk et al. conducted a study in 1999 to assess the effects of chicory on breast cancer. The study findings show a lower number of rats bearing tumours, indicating that chicory may have anticancer properties towards breast cancer. However, more studies should be conducted on humans to claim these effects.3 

2. Potential Uses of Chicory on Gout 

Hyperuricemia (Increased production and reduced excretion of uric acid) can result in gout, a type of arthritis which is characterized by redness, pain, and tenderness of joints. Wang et al. conducted a study in 2017 that states that chicory may have the potential to reduce uric acid levels. The possible mechanism behind this is the inhibition of the xanthine oxidase enzyme (which converts xanthine to uric acid) and increases the excretion of uric acid. This indicates that the consumption of chicory may potentially manage gout. However, more studies should be done to ascertain these claims with more reliability.4 

3. Potential Uses of Chicory in Type-2 Diabetes 

Type-2 diabetes shows elevated blood glucose levels due to low insulin levels (a hormone that regulates blood glucose) or resistance to insulin. Literature studies show that chicory contains inulin (a dietary fibre)) which is known to manage blood glucose levels. Ning et al. conducted a study in rats in 2017 stating chicory inulin may exert an anti-diabetic effect; thus reducing blood glucose. This indicates that the consumption of chicory may help manage blood glucose. However, more studies need to be done to claim these effects in humans.5 

4. Potential Uses of Chicory on Lipid Profile  

The use of soluble fibers like inulin and their potential to manage lipid profile has received considerable attention. Kim et al. conducted a study in rats in 1998, stating chicory influences the lipid profile and causes an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or good cholesterol and reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or bad cholesterol. This indicates that chicory may have a positive impact on lipid profile. However, we need more human clinical trials to support these claims.6 

5. Potential Uses of Chicory on Bone Health 

Bone health can be improved by improving bone mass and mineral density. Literature studies show that dietary carbohydrates and fibers like inulin are known to improve calcium absorption, which may positively impact bone health. In addition, Marcel et al. conducted a study in 2002 to assess the effects of chicory inulin on bone mineral density in rats; the findings of this study suggested that chicory inulin increases bone mineral density. This indicates that the consumption of chicory may help improve bone mineral density and, therefore, has the potential to improve bone health. However, more studies should be conducted on humans to claim these results.7 

6. Other Potential Uses of Chicory

Though there are studies that show the benefits of chicory in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of chicory on human health.  

The main function of the liver is to clear toxins. However, it’s the liver that is more susceptible to toxicity induced by drugs and other chemicals. This toxicity can lead to various hepatic conditions. In such cases, antioxidant agents can reduce the toxicity of the liver. Chicory is a herb that has various medicinal properties including antioxidant properties. Therefore, chicory might help in reducing hepatic toxicity.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Chicory?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

In Ayurveda, Chicory is widely used for its medicinal uses. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it is primarily used to manage doshas like pitta and kapha. To this list, we can add many other inflammatory conditions.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Side Effects of Chicory:

Cadot et al. in 2003 stated chicory can result in an allergic syndrome. The allergic reaction to chicory is manifested by oral, skin-related (urticaria or skin rash) and respiratory symptoms like asthma.9 

Other indications of the adverse reactions of the body to chicory are described below:8 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to chicory, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Precautions to take with Chicory:

Chicory consumption by children, adults and elderly is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions:8 

Interactions with Other Drugs:

Chicory is known to interact with drugs used in diabetes, if you take chicory and the prescribed drugs together, this may cause your blood glucose to drop too low. Therefore, it is advised to monitor your blood glucose closely if you are taking chicory.  

Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of chicory with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking.10 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

What are the local names of Chicory? 

Chicory or Cichorium intybus is also known as kasni or kasani locally.1 

What are the different Chicory varieties? 

The three basic varieties of chicory include radicchio, Belgian endive and puntarelle.1 

What is the benefit of Chicory for weight loss?  

Yes, chicory aids the regulation of ghrelin or the hunger hormone, and increases the feeling of satiety. Thus the consumption of chicory increases satiety, reduces overeating and may help in weight loss. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited and we need further studies to ascertain these effects. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have any weight-related issues.1 

Can chicory help manage constipation? 

Yes, inulin in chicory acts as a prebiotic and may help improve digestive health. Additionally, the presence of fibre stimulates gastric acid, improves bowel movements and may help relieve constipation. However, there is a need to conduct more studies to support these claims. It is recommended to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you suffer from constipation. 

What are the side effects of Chicory consumption? 

Cadot et al. in 2003 stated chicory can result in an allergic syndrome. The allergic reaction to chicory is manifested by oral, cutaneous (urticaria or skin rash) and respiratory symptoms like asthma. Chicory consumption in excess can also result in abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating and other digestive problems, due to a high content of fibre. Additionally, chicory can exaggerate gallstones. However, the exact mechanism behind this is unknown.8,9 

References:

  1. Pouille, Céline L et al. “Chicory: Understanding the Effects and Effectors of This Functional Food.” Nutrients vol. 14,5 957. 23 Feb. 2022, doi:10.3390/nu14050957. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912540/ 
  2. Henryk S. Taper, Marcel Roberfroid, Influence of Inulin and Oligofructose on Breast Cancer and Tumor Growth, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 129, Issue 7, July 1999, Pages 1488S–1491S, Available at: https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/129/7/1488S/4722597 
  3. Wang, Yu et al. “Cichorium intybus L. promotes intestinal uric acid excretion by modulating ABCG2 in experimental hyperuricemia.” Nutrition & metabolism vol. 14 38. 13 Jun. 2017, doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0190-6. Available at: https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12986-017-0190-6 
  4. Ning, Chong et al. “Chicory inulin ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and suppresses JNK and MAPK pathways in vivo and in vitro.” Molecular nutrition & food research vol. 61,8 (2017): 10.1002/mnfr.201600673. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600673. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28105758/ 
  5. Kim, M, and H K Shin. “The water-soluble extract of chicory influences serum and liver lipid concentrations, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and fecal lipid excretion in rats.” The Journal of nutrition vol. 128,10 (1998): 1731-6. doi:10.1093/jn/128.10.1731. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9772143/ 
  6. Marcel B. Roberfroid, J. Cumps, J. P. Devogelaer, Dietary Chicory Inulin Increases Whole-Body Bone Mineral Density in Growing Male Rats, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 132, Issue 12, December 2002, Pages 3599–3602, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.12.3599. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12468594/ 
  7. Cadot, P et al. “Oral allergy syndrome to chicory associated with birch pollen allergy.” International archives of allergy and immunology vol. 131,1 (2003): 19-24. doi:10.1159/000070430. Available at: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1159/000070430 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Benefits of Katichakrasana and How to Do it By Dr. Ankit Sankhe

Introduction

The National Institute of Health classifies yoga as a complementary and alternative medicine that can provide holistic care to people suffering from various ailments. Yoga is an old tradition (3000 years old) that promotes physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.1 Yoga asana includes yoga asanas, conscious breathing, meditation, and cleansing kriyas.1 Most people perform physical postures called yoga asanas. They provide strength and flexibility to their body while creating self-awareness, a sense of calmness, and well-being. One such asana with incredible health benefits is katichakrasana. Let us look at its health benefits and steps to practice it! 

What is Katichakrasana?

The asana katichakrasana is known as the standing spinal twist pose. In English, the word ‘Kati’ means waist, ‘chakra’ means wheel or circular motion, and ‘asana’ means pose, so it means waist rotation. The standing spinal twist pose is a simple standing yoga posture that stretches the waist and makes it more flexible.2 

How to Do It?

You can do katichakrasana yoga in the following way:2 

Weight loss may be ascribed to asanas like Surya Namaskara, Ardha Kati Chakrasana, Pada Hastasana, etc. In my experience, regular practice of these postures may control lipid metabolism, and calorie expenditure by muscles and soft tissue, and also may reduce fat storage.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

Do You Know?

Some of the interesting facts about katichakrasana: 

I recently read an article which suggests that the regular practice of a modification of Katichakrasana, Ardha Katichakrasana during the first trimester of pregnancy may help in reducing the complications and risks.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Benefits of Katichakrasana:

Some of the katichakrasana benefits are as follows:  

1. Benefits of Katichakrasana for Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes is a medical condition in which blood sugar levels are high because of the poor body’s capabilities to use it. Additionally, many people go into depression because of not being able to manage sugar levels. A study by Raja et al. in 2018 found that depression and sugar control can effectively be managed using Nadi Suddhi pranayama and katichakrasana.3 The regular exercise of katichakrasana may enhance glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, you must not substitute yoga with ongoing medications as more studies are required to check katichakrasana benefits in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, you must consult your doctor and seek treatment accordingly.   

2. Benefits of Katichakrasana in Pregnancy

Pregnant women undergo hormonal imbalances and body changes that might impact their mental health, causing anxiety and discomfort. A study by Vijaylakshmi and Jaya in 2021 found that yoga asanas such as katichakrasana, Ashwini mudra, and deep relaxation practices from the 28th week of pregnancy till the baby’s delivery can reduce pregnancy anxiety and discomfort. The study says that it may result in better mother and child health.4 However, more research is required to understand katichakrasana’s benefits on pregnancy. So, if you feel discomfort during pregnancy, you should consult a doctor and seek treatment accordingly.  

3. Benefits of Katichakrasana for Intestine

Katichakrasana is a part of shankhprakshalana kriya, which may help clean the intestine. A study by Mashyal et al. in 2014 showed that the shankhprakshalana kriya leads to deep stimulation of basic reflexes resulting in the cleaning of the intestine. It is then followed by a deep relaxation resulting in better intestinal health.5 However, more research is required to understand the benefits of the cleansing kriyas and katichakrasana. So, if you have any intestinal discomfort, you should consult a doctor and seek treatment accordingly.  

4. Benefits of Katichakrasana for Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder results in pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint affecting its range of movement. A study by Tegta and Thankur 2022 found that pranayama and asanas such as katichakrasana can increase blood supply to the joint and surrounding muscles and restore joint movement.6 However, more research is required to understand how katichakrasana benefits frozen shoulder. So, if facing this issue, you should consult a doctor and seek treatment accordingly.  

5. Benefits of Katichakrasana for Constipation

Constipation is a digestive issue that leads to difficulty in the passage of bowel movements causing discomfort, acidity, headache, and loss of appetite. A study by Thapliyal and Pooja in 2022 showed that yoga asanas such as katichakrasana can effectively manage constipation and related symptoms.7 However, more research is required to understand the standing spinal twist yoga benefits, so you must consult a doctor if you have constipation.  

Other Benefits of Katichakrasana

Yoga may help develop the mind and body, but it is not an alternative to modern medicine or ayurveda. You must not rely on or depend on yoga to treat any condition or disease. Instead, please consult or visit a qualified doctor who can assess your condition and advise accordingly. Furthermore, it is necessary to practice and learn yoga under the supervision of a yoga teacher to avoid any injuries or damage.  

Risks of Katichakrasana

The risks associated with katichakrasana yoga are as follows:  

With the guidance of a qualified yoga teacher/yoga expert, we can assess the risk factors and continue to practice katichakrasana with precautions. 

Conclusion

The asana katichakrasana is also known as the spinal twist pose. In English, the word ‘Kati’ means waist, ‘chakra’ means wheel or circular motion, and ‘asana’ means pose, so it means waist rotation. Katichakrasana may improve muscle strength and flexibility of the shoulder, abdomen, and spinal muscles. It may benefit patients with type 2 diabetes, constipation, frozen shoulders, and intestinal discomforts. People with a hernia, recent abdomen surgery, slipped disc, and spinal issues should not perform the katichakrasana pose. Katichakrasana may help pregnant women relieve their pregnancy-associated anxiety and discomfort. However, pregnant mothers, people with heart conditions, and spondylitis must be cautious and consult a doctor before doing katichakrasana. It will help if you do this pose under the guidance of a professional yoga trainer.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What does the standing spinal twist pose benefit? 

Standing spinal twist yoga may reduce blood sugar, relieve constipation, reduces pregnancy anxiety, and manage frozen shoulders and intestinal discomforts. However, you must consult your doctor for symptoms of such diseases instead of self-medicating.   

Why is katichakrasana called a spinal twist pose? 

 In English, the word ‘Kati’ means waist, ‘chakra’ means wheel or circular motion, and ‘asana’ means pose, so it means waist rotation.2

What is the follow-up poses after katichakrasana? 

You can do triyak bhujangasana or udarakarshanasana after katichakrasana. You can also perform Shavasana and end the yoga session.  

Is katichakrasana beneficial for pregnancy?

Katichakrasana may help pregnant women relieve their pregnancy-associated anxiety and discomfort.4 However, pregnant mothers must be cautious and consult a doctor before doing katichakrasana.  

Who should not perform katichakrasana yoga?  

People with a hernia, recent abdomen surgery, slipped disc, and spinal issues should not perform the katichakrasana pose. 

References:

  1. Woodyard C. Exploring the therapeutic effects of yoga and its ability to increase the quality of life. International Journal of Yoga [Internet]. 2011;4(2):49. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193654/   
  2. Raja D R, Merin Raju D, Indu TH I, Sruthy KV S, C Jayakumar J, S Ponnusankar P. Effect of Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama, Kati Chakrasana and Vakrasana on Depression and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2018 Apr 10;10(2):197–201.Available From: https://www.jyoungpharm.org/sites/default/files/JYoungPharm_10_2_197.pdf  
  1. Vijayalakshmi V, Jaya N. A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELECTED YOGA ON THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY, PREGNANCY DISCOMFORTS, CLINICAL PARAMETERS, MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOME AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA WOMEN. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2021 Oct 31;9(10):1307–10. Available from: https://www.journalijar.com/article/38793 
  2. Nitu Tegta, Prerna Thakur. Role of Traditional Therapy (Yoga) in Avabahuka (Frozen Shoulder). AYUSHDHARA. 2022 Apr 4;68–73. Available from: https://ayushdhara.in/index.php/ayushdhara/article/view/899/704  
  1. Thapliyal DA, Pooja. Impact factor: 6.252 yogic management of constipation – ijarsct.co.in [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022Dec28]. Available from: https://ijarsct.co.in/Paper4442.pdf    

      Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

      Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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      Benefits of Kandharasana and How to Do it By Dr. Ankit Sankhe

      Introduction:

      Yoga, rooted in Indian origin, has gained the limelight over the few years for its numerous health benefits. This 5000-year-old discipline was developed to unite mind and body. There are different forms of yoga but the purpose remains the same. Some yoga styles may be vigorous and intense, while others may be relaxing and meditative. Whatever type, yoga is always a great option for strengthening and stretching the body, focusing the mind and relaxing the spirit. Yoga focuses on asanas (poses) and pranayamas (breathing); one such asana is kandharasana. Here’s what you need to know about kandharasana.1 

      What is Kandharasana?

      Kandharasana, or shoulder pose yoga, is a yoga posture lifting the spine. The name is rooted in Sanskrit words ‘kandha’, meaning shoulder and ‘asana’, meaning ‘pose or posture’. Chakrasana is the preparatory pose for kandharasana. Any forward bending posture can be performed as a follow-up pose for kandharasana. In chakrasana, the back is arched, the head is lifted from the ground, and the whole body weight is supported on both the hands and legs. Whereas in kandharasana, the head rests on the ground, the chest and buttocks are raised, and the body weight is supported on the shoulders.2, 3 

      How to Do It?

      Kandharasana must be done properly for maximum health benefits. One may perform Kandharasana in the following manner: 3 

      When you perform Kandharasana, your back muscles arch upwards that might promote healing. By stretching yourself to your body’s limits, this asana might help in decreasing vertebral disc problems and back pain.

      Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

      Do you Know?

      Benefits of Kandharasana:

      Some benefits of this pose are as follows: 

      1. The Benefit of Kandharasana for Cardiac Health

      Cardiac health, or the health of the heart and blood vessels, is central to overall health. It plays an important role in pumping oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to different body parts. Poor cardiac health can be a risk factor for developing cardiac diseases. A study conducted by Divya et al. in 2016 stated that the practice of Kandharasana may help reduce heart rate and blood pressure. Additionally, practising it may help improve the heart’s ability to function during mild-moderate intensities. Therefore, Yogasanas like Kandharasana may positively impact cardiac health. However, Kandharasana should not be considered an alternative to modern medicine. Kindly consult a doctor for proper treatment of any cardiac disorders. Additionally, it is advised to practice this asana under the supervision of a qualified trainer.4 

      2. The Benefit of Kandharasana in Obesity

      Obesity is the accumulation of body fat; if not controlled, it may become a risk factor for many diseases. Divya et al. conducted a study in 2016 to assess the health benefits of yoga interventions like kandharasana on obesity. The findings of this study showed that 41 days of practice with Kandharasana significantly reduced body weight and body mass index (BMI). Thus, the practice of asanas like Kandharasana may positively impact obesity, but the practice of this asana should not be considered an alternative to modern medicine. Kindly consult a doctor for the proper management of obesity. Additionally, it is recommended to practice this asana under the supervision of a qualified trainer.4 

      3. The Benefit of Kandharasana in the Menstrual Cycle

      Menstruation or periods is natural vaginal bleeding that occurs as a part of a woman’s monthly cycle when no pregnancy occurs. Garima et al. conducted a review in 2022 to assess the effect of yogasanas like kandharasana on menstruation. The summary estimates of this review supported that the practice of kandharasana may help normalize menstruation. Thus, yogasanas like kandharasana might positively impact menstrual health. However, it is recommended not to rely on this asana alone and consult a doctor for proper treatment of any menstrual abnormalities. Additionally, one should practice this asana under the guidance of a qualified trainer.5 

      4. Benefit of Kandharasana for the Lungs

      Lungs, a pair of air-filled organs located on either side of the chest, are responsible for supplying the body with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Along with other respiratory system organs (nose, mouth, airways, windpipe, etc.), the lungs help us breathe. Divya et al. conducted a study in 2016 to assess the effect of yoga interventions on the respiration system. Forty-one days of practicing yoga asanas like kandharasana increased the amount of oxygen in the body, thus improving breathing. Thus, the practice of kandharasana may positively impact the respiratory system, but the practice of this asana should not be considered an alternative to modern medicine. So, kindly consult a doctor for proper treatment of any respiratory issues, and do not rely on this asana alone. Additionally, one should practice this asana under the supervision of a qualified trainer.4 

      5. Benefit of Kandharasana for Lipid Profile

      Hyperlipidemia is the elevation in lipid components like triglycerides, total cholesterol and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein. A study by Divya et al. in 2015 stated that the practice of yogasanas like kandharasana resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and bad cholesterol. Additionally, kandharasana improved the level of good cholesterol in the body. This indicates that yogasanas like kandharasana may have a positive impact on hyperlipidemia. However, it is advised to consult a doctor to manage hyperlipidemia and not rely on this asana alone. Additionally, it is recommended to practice this asana under the supervision of a qualified trainer.4 

      6. Benefit of Kandharasana for Thyroid Gland

      The thyroid gland helps regulate different body functions like metabolism, growth and development by releasing thyroid hormones in the blood. Iodine is an important element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Iodine deficiency can result in a decreased synthesis of thyroid hormone; this condition is called hypothyroidism. A review done by Mohan et al. in 2022 stated that yogasanas like kandharasana might help manage hypothyroidism. Kandharasana activates the throat chakra (vishuddha chakra), which may improve the functioning of the thyroid gland and increase iodine availability in the body. This indicates that kandharasana may positively impact hypothyroidism. However, further studies need to be done to support these claims. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment of hypothyroidism and not rely on this asana alone. Additionally, one must perform this asana under the supervision of a qualified trainer.6 

      I would highly recommend that you should perform Kandharasana either before or after any forward-bend position. Kandharasana usually acts as a preparatory pose for chakrasana. To avail maximum benefits, you can do three rounds of kandharasana or more according to your level of physical fitness.

      Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

      Other Benefits of Kandharasana:

      Note- The above-mentioned benefits of kandharasana are not proven in any human study yet, and are based on a literature search.  

      Yoga practice may help develop the mind and body; however, it is still not an alternative to modern medicine. Therefore, you must not rely on Yoga alone to treat any condition. Instead, please consult a qualified doctor who will be able to assess your condition correctly and advise accordingly. Moreover, it is necessary to practice and learn Yoga under the supervision of a trained yoga teacher to avoid any injuries. 

      Risks of Kandharasana:

      Conditions, where kandharasana should be performed with caution are:  

      Conditions, where kandharasana is contraindicated include: 3 

      Conclusion

      Kandharasana, or shoulder pose yoga, is a posture lifting the spine. The name is rooted in Sanskrit words ‘kandha,’ meaning shoulder, and ‘asana,’ meaning ‘pose or posture.’ Chakrasana is the preparatory pose for kandharasana. Any forward bending posture can be performed as a follow-up pose for kandharasana The practice of this asana may help improve lipid profile, menstrual cycle, breathing, manage obesity and improve cardiac health. Additionally, this asana may help improve digestion, strengthen shoulders, improve postural stability and may provide relief from back pain, stress and anxiety.    

      Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

      What is the meaning of kandharasana in Sanskrit? 

      Kandharasana, or shoulder pose yoga, is a posture lifting the spine. The name is rooted in Sanskrit words ‘kandha,’ meaning shoulder, and ‘asana,’ meaning ‘pose or posture.’ Chakrasana is the preparatory pose for kandharasana. Any forward bending posture can be performed as a follow-up pose for kandharasana.  In chakrasana, the back is arched, the head is lifted from the ground, and the whole body weight is supported on both the hands and legs. Whereas in kandharasana, the head rests on the ground, the chest and buttocks are raised, and the body weight is supported on the shoulders.1 

      What is the preparatory pose for kandharasana? 

      Chakrasana is the preparatory pose for kandharasana.2 

      How to do kandharasana? 

      First, lie flat on your back on a mat. Next, take a deep breath and bend your knees, and place your feet flat on the mat with your heels touching your buttocks. Ensure your feet and knees are hip-width apart.  Now, try to touch the ankles with your hands. This is the starting position. Next, slightly raise your buttocks and try to arch the back upward. Slowly lift your chest as high as possible, and avoid straining and moving the feet or shoulders. In this final position, your body will be supported by the head, neck, shoulders, arms, and feet. Breathe slowly and deeply and hold this pose for as long as possible.  Breathe out and return to the initial position, and practice for four-five rounds.3 

      What are the benefits of kandharasana? 

      The practice of this asana may help improve lipid profile, breathing, cardiac health, and menstrual cycle and manage obesity and hypothyroidism. Additionally, this asana may help improve digestion, reduce stress and anxiety, relieve back pain, strengthen shoulders and improve postural alignment.2-6 

      Which chakras are activated by kandharasana? 

      The practice of Kandharasana is known to activate the third eye chakra (Ajna chakra), crown chakra (Sahasrara chakra), solar plexus (Manipura chakra) and throat chakra (Vishuddha chakra). 

      References:

      1. Why You Should Try Yoga – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center. Available at: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=1&contentid=2767 (Accessed: December 23, 2022).  
      1.  Kandharasana, Yogasmic. Available at: https://www.yogasmic.in/kandharassna/ (Accessed: December 23, 2022).  
      1. Swami Satyananda Saraswati. Asana Prayanama Mudra Bandha. Yoga Publication trust Bihar: India.1996; 201-203. Available at: https://thelonerider.com/pdf/asana_pranayama_mudra_bandha.pdf 
      1. Divya, T Satheesh et al. “Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic Effects of Yoga in Healthy Volunteers.” International journal of yoga vol. 10,3 (2017): 115-120. doi:10.4103/0973-6131.186162. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793005/ 
      1. Garima & Tiwari, Mamta & Scholar, D. (2022). YOGA THERAPY FOR MENSTRUAL WELLNESS. 9. 849-853. Available at:  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363535339_YOGA_THERAPY_FOR_MENSTRUAL_WELLNESS 
      1. Mohan, Shuchi & PAL, RAMESWAR. (2022). Effect of yogic practices on thyroid hormones: A review. BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences. 7. 10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_23_21. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358499692_Effect_of_yogic_practices_on_thyroid_hormones_A_review 

      Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability, or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

      Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation of the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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      Foxtail millets: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

      Introduction:

      Foxtail millets, magical millets, or miracle grains are natively known as Kangni, Kang, and kakum.  These are tiny seeds covered in a thin, crispy hull and are available in a light yellow-brownish colour. The cultivation of foxtail millets (Setalica italia) began in 8700 BC in China. In India, these are widely grown in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. There are three to four foxtail varieties available in the market, namely Moharia, Maxima, Nana, and Indica. Foxtail millets have a sweet and nutty flavor and are eaten as instant foods, ready-to-eat products, rice flour, etc. Apart from the culinary uses, it is a farmer-friendly and health-friendly crop; making it “good for you” (due to its nutritional value), and “good for the world” (as it requires less water and other factors for cultivation). Foxtail millets are a host of nutrients; let us learn more about the health benefits of adding foxtail millets to your dietary routine.1,2 

      Nutritional Value of Foxtail Millets:

      Did you know?

      Foxtail millets are packed with the goodness of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins A and E, and minerals like phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, etc.  The nutrients in foxtail millets per 100 g are mentioned below: 

      From my perspective, foxtail millet might be a cost-effective alternative to animal protein foods. Its flour and protein concentrate may have excellent functional properties, making it versatile for various food applications. This might even open up the potential for developing affordable, protein-rich functional food products that can help manage lifestyle-related chronic diseases.

      Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

      Properties of Foxtail Millets:

      Scientifically proven properties of foxtail millets include: 

      Let me tell you a little secret. The nutrients found in foxtail millet might have special powers that can help ward off certain non-communicable diseases. By including foxtail millet in our diets, we may give our bodies the nutrients they need to stay healthy and avoid these diseases.

      Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

      Potential Uses of Foxtail Millets for Overall Health:

      Some of the potential benefits of foxtail millets are described as under:  

      1. Potential Uses of Foxtail Millets on Diabetes

      Literature studies state that the occurrence of diabetes can be lowered by including whole grains like foxtail millet in your diet.  An in vitro study by Chen et al. in 2003 concluded foxtail millets have a low glycemic index and may stimulate the cells of the pancreas to produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose. These actions can help lower the spike in blood glucose. Choi et al. conducted an animal study in 2003 on the role of foxtail millets in improving the responsiveness of body cells to insulin, a hormone that manages blood glucose and exerts an anti-diabetic effect. This indicates that consuming foxtail millet may help manage diabetes. However, more human trials are needed to support the claims obtained from animal experiments and in-vitro studies.8 

      2. Potential Uses of Foxtail Millets on Hypertension

      Hypertension or high blood pressure is a leading risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is usually managed with drugs belonging to a class called as “ACE inhibitors”, they work by relaxing the blood vessels which helps in reducing the blood pressure. ACE-inhibitor molecules are also found in food sources like foxtail millet. Chen et al. conducted a study in 2017   stating the consumption of foxtail millets caused a reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive rats. This indicates that the consumption of foxtail millet can have a positive impact on blood pressure. However, we need more studies to support these claims.9 

      3. Potential Uses of Foxtail Millets in Colorectal Cancer

      Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon and the rectum, located at the lower end of the digestive system. Literature suggests that the intake of whole grains or cereals can contribute to a lower risk of colorectal cancer. A study done by Zhang et al. in 2020 to assess the effects of foxtail millet on colorectal cancer showed that the ingestion of foxtail millet positively impacted colorectal cancer in mice. This suggests that consuming foxtail millets may help manage colorectal cancers. However, we need more clinical studies to support these claims.10 

      4. Potential Uses of Foxtail Millets for Fungal Infections

      To date, many chemical compounds obtained from plants have positively impacted fungal infections. An experiment done by Wentao et al. in 2011 identified a novel antifungal protein molecule in foxtail millets, which is known to show activity against fungi like Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternate, responsible for allergies and asthma. Foxtail millets may inhibit the growth of these fungi and, thus, show antifungal activity against these species. This indicates that foxtail millets may have the potential to manage fungal infections, but we need more clinical studies to support these claims.11 

      5. Potential Uses of Foxtail Millets in Under Nutrition

      Undernutrition (insufficient energy and nutrient intake are broadly divided into stunting, underweight, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. The main cause of undernutrition is a deficiency in nutrient intake. Seetha et al. conducted a meta-analysis in 2022, stating that adding millets to the diet may help improve undernutrition due to the presence of nutritional components like methionine (an essential amino acid), calcium, protein, zinc, etc. The findings of this study support the use of foxtail millets as a solution to undernutrition. However, more studies should be conducted in humans to ascertain these claims.12 

      I recommend including foxtail millet in your diet to enjoy the benefits of a well-functioning digestive system. Foxtail millet, just like other millets, is packed with a type of fibre that is good for your body. This fibre is called crude fibre. One of the great things about crude fibre is that it might aid in the process of digestion and encourage smooth bowel movements. This means that foxtail millet may act as a natural laxative, promoting a healthy digestive system.

      Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

      Other Potential Uses of Foxtail Millets:

      Though there are studies that show the benefits of foxtail millets in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of sweet potatoes on human health.  

      I stumbled upon a study that showed the extract from foxtail millet may reduce inflammation. In the study, they induced swelling in the mice’s hind legs using a substance called carrageenan. When the mice were administered a foxtail millet extract, the swelling potentially went down. This suggests that foxtail millet might have natural anti-inflammatory properties. However, more studies are required to validate these results.

      Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

      How to Use Foxtail Millets?

      You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

      Side Effects of Foxtail Millets

      A few side effects related to the consumption of foxtail millets include: 

      However, if you experience any adverse reactions to foxtail millets, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

      Precautions to Take with Foxtail Millets:

      Eating foxtail millet is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions: 

      Interactions with Other Drugs:

      There is no significant interaction of foxtail millets with other drugs. However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of foxtail millets with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking. 

      Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

      What are the local names of foxtail millets? 

      The scientific name of foxtail millets is Setalica Italia. It is also known as Kangni, Kang or kakum locally.1 

      What are the different foxtail millet varieties available? 

      There are three to four foxtail varieties available in the market, namely moharia, maxima, nana, and Indica.1.2 

      Can foxtail millets help manage anaemia?  

      Yes, foxtail millets are a rich source of iron and may increase haemoglobin (an iron-based protein) levels and may help manage anaemia. However, more studies are needed to support these claims. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have anaemia.12 

      Can foxtail millets help manage constipation? 

      Yes, the fibre content in millets aid bowel movements and may provide relief from constipation. However, scientific evidence supporting this is limited and we need more studies to support these claims. It is recommended to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have constipation.13  

      What are the side effects of foxtail millets? 

      As foxtail millets are gluten-free, they may cause weight gain and increase the risk of certain chronic diseases. Gaitan et al. conducted a study in 1989 which showed that foxtail millets are rich in C-glycosylflavones which can lead to goitre or enlarged thyroid.15,16 

      References:

      1. Naturally Yours, 6 amazing benefits of Foxtail Millet, Naturally Yours. Available at: https://naturallyyours.in/blogs/blog/6-amazing-benefits-of-foxtail-millet (Accessed: December 9, 2022).   
      1. Foxtail millet – nutritional importance and cultivation aspects. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303662897_Foxtail_Millet_-_Nutritional_importance_and_cultivation_aspects (Accessed: December 9, 2022).  
      1. Suma, P Florence, and Asna Urooj. “Antioxidant activity of extracts from foxtail millet (Setaria italica).” Journal of food science and technology vol. 49,4 (2012): 500-4. doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0300-9. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550894/ 
      1. Narayanan, Janani et al. “Postprandial glycaemic response of foxtail millet dosa in comparison to a rice dosa in patients with type 2 diabetes.” The Indian journal of medical research vol. 144,5 (2016): 712-717. doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_551_15. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5393082/ 
      1. Lin, Hui-Ching et al. “The gastroprotective effect of the foxtail millet and adlay processing product against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats.” Journal of traditional and complementary medicine vol. 10,4 336-344. 17 Jan. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.01.003. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7365783/ 
      1. Shan, Shuhua et al. “A novel protein extracted from foxtail millet bran displays anti-carcinogenic effects in human colon cancer cells.” Toxicology letters vol. 227,2 (2014): 129-38. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.008. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24685566/ 
      1. Ren, Xin et al. “The Glucose-Lowering Effect of Foxtail Millet in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Self-Controlled Clinical Trial.” Nutrients vol. 10,10 1509. 15 Oct. 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10101509. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30326632/ 
      1. Chen, Jing et al. “Effect of foxtail millet protein hydrolysates on lowering blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.” European journal of nutrition vol. 56,6 (2017): 2129-2138. doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1252-7. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27344669/ 
      1. Zhang, Bowei et al. “Dietary Supplementation of Foxtail Millet Ameliorates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer in Mice via Activation of Gut Receptors and Suppression of the STAT3 Pathway.” Nutrients vol. 12,8 2367. 7 Aug. 2020, doi:10.3390/nu12082367. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468867/ 
      1. Xu, Wentao et al. “A novel antifungal peptide from foxtail millet seeds.” Journal of the science of food and agriculture vol. 91,9 (2011): 1630-7. doi:10.1002/jsfa.4359. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21445868/ 
      1. Anitha, Seetha et al. “Can Feeding a Millet-Based Diet Improve the Growth of Children?-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Nutrients vol. 14,1 225. 5 Jan. 2022, doi:10.3390/nu14010225. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8747143/ 
      1. Shastry, S. (2022) Millets for weight loss: Types of millets and their health benefits, Possible. Available at: https://possible.in/millet-weight-loss-recipes-health-benefits-side-effects.html (Accessed: December 10, 2022).  
      1. Naturally Yours ,How to use millets for weight loss?, Naturally Yours. Available at: https://naturallyyours.in/blogs/blog/millets-for-weight-loss (Accessed: December 10, 2022).  
      1. Gaitan, E et al. “Antithyroid and goitrogenic effects of millet: role of C-glycosylflavones.” The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism vol. 68,4 (1989): 707-14. doi:10.1210/jcem-68-4-707. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2921306/ 
      1. Diet Review: Gluten-free for weight loss (2019) The Nutrition Source. Available at: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-weight/diet-reviews/gluten-free-diet-weight-loss/ (Accessed: December 10, 2022).  
      1. Nitya Sharma et al., Effect of high pressure soaking on water absorption, gelatinization, and biochemical properties of germinated and non-germinated foxtail millet grains, Journal of Cereal Science, Volume 83,2018,Pages 162-170,ISSN 0733 5210. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733521018303588 

      Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

      Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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      Lotus Seed: Uses, Benefits, Side effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

      Introduction

      Lotus seed is a quick snack to munch on while watching a movie. Lotus seed is also known as lotus nut or kamal seed. The scientific name of lotus seeds is Nelumbinis semen, derived from the lotus plant, Nelumba nucifera. It has been a functional food, medicine and vegetable for about 7000 years. There are two types of dried lotus seeds, one with white peel and the other with brown peel. Lotus seeds have been extensively produced and cultivated in India, Japan and China. Lotus food has been approved as food and medicine by ‘Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China’. Lotus seeds have fewer calories and are a host of nutrients; therefore, they play an essential part in the functions of the body.1 Let us look at some of the health benefits of lotus seeds. 

      Did you know?

      Nutritional Value of Lotus Seed

      Lotus seeds may contain several bioactive compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, essential oils and many more. Below are the nutritional components of Lotus seeds:

      Properties of Lotus Seed

      Several studies have shown that lotus seed may have the following properties: 

      Beta-galactosidase, a compound found in lotus seeds, can break the lactose molecule of milk and make it lactose-free. From my experience, the combination of lotus seeds and milk may aid lactose-intolerant people.

      Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

      Potential Uses of Lotus Seed for Overall Health

      Some of the potential uses of lotus seed are: 

      1. Potential use of lotus seed for weight management 

      Excess weight in the body is due to adipocytes (fat cells). A study by Achike et al. in 2011 showed that lotus seeds may inhibit the formation of fat cells and reduce the weight of the fat tissues. In addition, polyphenols found in lotus seeds may improve the lipid profile in the body.1 However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds can help to manage weight. Therefore, you must consult your dietician before making any diet changes. 

      2. Potential use of lotus seed for Alzheimer’s disease 

      Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which results in memory loss and other mental impairments. Lotus seeds may have neuro-protective effects i.e, it may protect the nerve cells from damage as in the case of Alzheimer’s disease. A study by Kim et al. in 2014 showed that proanthocyanidins in lotus seeds may reduce brain ageing and cognitive impairment. In addition, lotus seeds may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by decreasing the harmful free radicals and accumulation of unnecessary calcium.1 However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds can be beneficial in improving the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. You must consult your doctor if you suspect any symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. 

      3. Potential use of lotus seed for depression 

      A study by Sugimoto et al. in 2008 showed that bioactive compounds like saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins may help to reduce anxiety and depression. The alkaloids in lotus seeds may increase the time of sleep. Getting good sleep may help manage depression. However, these studies were conducted on mice.1 Further studies on humans are required to check if lotus seeds may be beneficial for anxiety and depression. 

      4. Potential use of lotus seed for microbial infections 

      A study by Tang et al. in 2017 showed that lotus seeds may have anti-microbial properties. Lotus seeds may disrupt the structure and function of the plasma membrane. Additionally, lotus seeds may inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli., Klebsiella sp., Shigella, and Pseudomonas sp.1 However, more studies are required to confirm if lotus seeds can be used for microbial infections. You must consult your doctor if you experience any microbial infection. 

      5. Potential use of lotus seed for type I and II diabetes 

      A study by Mani et al. in 2010 showed that lotus seed might be used in the case of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Various minerals present in lotus seeds may be beneficial for diabetes. For example, zinc in lotus seeds reduces oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes patients and transports glucose to the cells in type 2 diabetes patients. Chromium may increase the number of insulin receptors and glucose metabolism, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients.3 However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds can help to reduce blood glucose levels. You must check your blood sugar levels regularly and consult your doctor in case of abnormal blood sugar levels. 

      6. Potential use of lotus seed for cancer 

      A study by Poornima et al. in 2013 showed that lotus seeds might act against lung cancer. A bioactive compound, nepherine in lotus seed, may kill the cancer-causing cell (apoptosis) and inhibit their growth.4 However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds may act against cancer. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect cancer instead of self-medicating. 

      7. Potential use of lotus seed to relieve pain 

      A study by Chakravarthi et al. in 2009 showed that the flavonoids in the lotus seeds might help to relieve pain. Lotus seeds may inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which is responsible for releasing pain mediators.5 However, further studies are required to check if lotus seeds can help relieve pain. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you experience prolonged pain. 

      8. Potential use of lotus seed as an antioxidant 

      A study by Rai et al. in 2006 showed that flavonoids in lotus seeds might be responsible for their antioxidant potential. The flavonoids may destabilize the harmful free radicals (molecules in the body) and reduce oxidative stress by removing the free radicals from the body. This would reduce the risk of several diseases like diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, etc.1,6 However, more studies are required to check the antioxidant potential of lotus seeds. 

      Though studies show the benefits of lotus seed in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of lotus seed on human health. 

      How to Use Lotus Seed?

      You can consume lotus seeds in the following ways: 

      You must consult a qualified doctor before taking lotus seeds in large quantities or any herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

      Lotus seeds are known as a rich source of a compound, phytosterol. I recently read an article suggesting regular consumption of lotus seeds as phytosterol helps to lower cholesterol levels. From my perspective, lotus seeds might be a saviour to help cope with heart diseases.

      Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

      Side Effects of Lotus Seed

      Excessive consumption of lotus seed may cause the following side effects: 

      If you notice any allergic reaction to consuming lotus seed, seek immediate medical attention. First, consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it effectively. 

      From my perspective, lotus seeds might be your ally in your weight loss journey. Studies suggest that the resistant starch from lotus seed has the potential to decrease the blood sugar level and hence may aid in managing weight.

      Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

      Precautions to Take with Lotus Seed

      You must take the following precautions before consuming lotus seeds: 

      Consult your doctor before consuming lotus seeds if you have any pre-existing diseases. 

      Interactions with Other Drugs

      Lotus seeds may interact with diabetic medicines like insulin. You must consult your doctor before you consume lotus seeds if you are on diabetic medicines.7 

      Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

      What are the uses of lotus seeds? 

      Lotus seeds may be used to relieve pain, manage weight and reduce blood sugar levels. It may be used to reduce depression and anxiety. Lotus seeds can be used for microbial infections, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, lotus seeds can be used to protect the liver.1-6 You must consult your doctor if you suspect any of the mentioned conditions instead of self-medicating.  

      Can lotus seeds be used to manage weight? 

      Yes, lotus seeds are used to manage weight. Lotus seeds may inhibit the formation of fat cells (adipocytes) and reduce the weight of the fat tissues.1 However, you must consult your dietician before making any diet changes. 

      Which drugs interact with lotus seeds? 

      Lotus seeds may interact with diabetic medicines like insulin. You must consult your doctor before you consume lotus seeds if you are on diabetic medicines.7 

      How can you consume lotus seeds? 

      Lotus seeds can be consumed as cooked, uncooked, ripened or raw. Lotus seeds can be used as roasted or ground and boiled into syrups.1 You must consult a qualified doctor before taking lotus seeds in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

      What are the side effects of lotus seeds? 

      Excessive consumption of lotus seeds may cause side effects. If you are allergic to nuts and seeds, you may also be allergic to lotus seeds. Lotus seeds may cause constipation, flatulence and bloating.7 If you notice any allergic reaction to consuming lotus seed, seek immediate medical attention. First, consult your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it effectively. 

      References:

      1. Arooj M, Imran S, Inam‐ur‐Raheem M, Rajoka MS, Sameen A, Siddique R, Sahar A, Tariq S, Riaz A, Hussain A, Siddeeg A. Lotus seeds (Nelumbinis semen) as an emerging therapeutic seed: A comprehensive review. Food Science & Nutrition. 2021 Jul;9 (7):3971-87. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fsn3.2313 
      1. Soumya H, Rachana S, Jasnoor K. A Review on Health Benefits of Lotus Seeds (Nelumbo nucifera). 2019 Dec; 5. 92-96. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337856597_A_Review_on_Health_Benefits_of_Lotus_Seeds_Nelumbo_nucifera 
      1. Mani SS, Subramanian IP, Pillai SS, Muthusamy K. Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of inorganic constituents in Nelumbo nucifera seeds on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Biological trace element research. 2010 Dec;138 (1):226-37. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-010-8614-4 
      1. Poornima P, Weng CF, Padma VV. Neferine, an alkaloid from lotus seed embryo, inhibits human lung cancer cell growth by MAPK activation and cell cycle arrest. Biofactors. 2014 Jan;40 (1):121-31. Available from: https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/biof.1115 
      1. Chakravarthi PV, Gopakumar N, Nair AM, Joy AD. Assessment of analgesic activity of red and white lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera) in albino rats. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2009 Jun 1:224-7. Available from: https://indianjournalsonline.com/index.php/jnr/article/download/244/244 
      1. Makhana side effects [Internet]. Makhana. 2020 [cited 2022Dec12]. Available from: https://makhana.org/makhana-growers/makhana-side-effects/ 

      Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

      Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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      Sugarcane: Uses, Benefits, Side effects And More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

      Introduction: 

      Sugarcane has gained its status from the unknown wild grass plant to the world’s largest-grown cash crop. Sugarcane is a rich source of sucrose. Sugarcane is scientifically called Saccharum officinarum and belongs to the family Poaceae. After Brazil, India is the second-largest producer of sugarcane. Sugarcane originated around 8000 BC in New Guinea and later spread to the tropical and subtropical regions of South and Southeast Asia. Sugarcane is in the form of a thick stalk about 3-5 meters long. It has a sweet taste due to its sucrose content. Sugarcane juice is a highly famous nutrient-packed drink and has been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Besides its Ayurvedic applications, sugarcane may be the best example of a renewable natural resource as its by-products like biofuel, fibre and fertilizer are known to benefit the environment.​1–3 ​Let us discuss the health benefits of eating sugarcane, its properties, potential uses and many more.  

      Nutritional Value of Sugarcane: 

      The nutrients of sugarcane may include: 

      Nutrient Value 
      Protein 2.9% 
      Fibre 27.5% 
      Potassium 27.9 g 
      Calcium 1.6 g 
      Magnesium 1.5 g 
      Phosphorus  1.1 g 

      Table 1: Nutritional value of Sugarcane stalk per kg of dry matter.4 

      Sugarcane may contain phytochemicals like phenolic acids, plant sterols, flavonoids, terpenoids glycosides, fatty acids, alcohol and policosanols.2.3 

      Sugarcane is largely used for producing sugarcane juice. It may be rich in potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, and vitamins such as vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, C and E. 100 mL of sugarcane juice may contain 39 calories of energy and 9 g of carbohydrates.3 

      I may suggest sugarcane if you are looking for a natural way to manage weight during pregnancy. Did you know that sugarcane juice has some special compounds called polyphenols? These polyphenols might actually speed up your metabolism, which is how your body uses energy. This may be helpful for pregnant women because it might help them avoid gaining too much weight.

      Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD

      Did you know?

      Properties of Sugarcane: 

       Sugarcane may have the following health-benefitting properties: 

      I might have some good news for you. If you have diabetes, you might be happy to know that sugarcane juice may be a good choice for you. It contains natural sugar that has a low glycaemic index. This means that it might not cause a big increase in your blood sugar levels like some other sugary drinks would. However, if you have type 2 diabetes, it’s important to talk to your doctor before consuming sugarcane juice.

      Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

      Potential Uses of Sugarcane: 

      Some traditional and native healers worldwide may recommend sugarcane for various health conditions.2 The following may be the potential uses of sugarcane: 

      Potential uses of sugarcane for cancer 

      Cancer may be a result of damage caused due to free radicals in the body. A review by Chinnadurai in 2019 suggests that sugarcane juice contains high amounts of calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese and antioxidants. The daily consumption of sugarcane juice might provide enough antioxidants and minerals to the body to help scavenge and remove these free radicals from the body. Hence, it might help fight against cancer, especially skin, breast and prostate cancer.3 However, more human studies are needed to suggest the potential uses of sugarcane for cancer. Cancer is a serious medical condition. Therefore, it requires proper diagnosis and treatment. 

      Potential uses of sugarcane for constipation 

      Constipation may affect regular bowel movements and disrupt the digestive system. Sugarcane juice may be a rich source of potassium. Sugarcane juice may have laxative properties that may aid healthy bowel movements. It may help the digestive system function properly and alleviate stomach problems.3 However, more research is required to use sugarcane for constipation. Therefore, take the doctor’s advice and do not use sugarcane to self-medicate. 

      Potential uses of sugarcane for skin 

      Sugarcane may contain an alpha-hydroxy acid compound. This compound may have a positive effect on the skin by helping to keep it hydrated. Additionally, sugarcane may contain glycolic acid, which may help recover the lost protein from the skin. Sugarcane juice may be a powerful drink due to its rich nutrient value.3 More human studies are needed to conclude that sugarcane benefits skin. Take medical advice and do not self-medicate. 

      Potential uses of sugarcane for liver 

      The Unani system of medicine suggests that sugarcane juice may be good for patients with jaundice and other liver-related disorders. When taken regularly, sugarcane juice may cool down the stomach and provide immediate relief from jaundice. In addition, sugarcane juice may help regulate the bilirubin levels in the liver, which may take off the pressure from the liver and enhance its functions. Hence, these reduced bilirubin levels may benefit the liver.2,3 However, more human studies are needed to suggest the potential sugarcane benefits for the liver. If you have jaundice, consult a medical physician and take appropriate treatment. Do not self-medicate. 

      Potential uses of sugarcane for kidneys 

      Sugarcane juice may have diuretic properties. It may increase urine production and help clear and flush the urinary tract. In addition, taking sugarcane juice daily with coconut water and lime juice may help reduce the burning sensation related to urinary tract infections. Hence, sugarcane juice might help enhance kidney function.2 However, further studies on humans are required to evaluate the benefits of sugarcane for kidneys. If you have kidney-related problems, consult a specialist and get proper treatment. 

      Also Read: Can Probiotics Cause Constipation? A Research-Based Examination of Side Effects

      Other potential uses of sugarcane:3 

      Though studies show the potential uses of eating sugarcane in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a necessity for further studies to develop the scope of sugarcane benefits on human health.  

      Let me tell you an intriguing fact. Febrile disorders, which often cause fevers in infants and children, may sometimes lead to seizures and loss of proteins in the body. But did you know that sugarcane juice might actually help in the recovery process? It contains proteins that may help compensate for the ones lost during the fever.

      Dr. Smita barode, BAMS

      How to Use Sugarcane?  

      Sugarcane may be processed to make the following products: 

      You should consult a qualified Ayurvedic doctor before having sugarcane in large quantities. Also, consult an ayurvedic/herbal preparation of sugarcane before discontinuing or replacing your ongoing medical treatment with an ayurvedic physician. They will guide you to a better form and dosage per your health condition. 

      Side Effects of Sugarcane: 

      Though there are several advantages of eating sugarcane, it may also cause allergies. This is because sugarcane produces pollen which gets transported by wind.5 

      Precautions to Take with Sugarcane: 

      The potential uses of eating sugarcane might be countless. However, eating in larger quantities is not recommended. Therefore, taking the following precautions is necessary:  

      Interactions with Other Drugs:  

      More human research is needed to study the interactions between sugarcane and other drugs. However, one should not assume that there are no interactions at all. Therefore, to avoid possible interactions, you should avoid having sugarcane with medicines; it is better to consult with doctors.  

      Frequently Asked Questions: 

      Does sugarcane benefit in case of morning sickness? 

      Yes, one of the advantages of sugarcane is that it may help with morning sickness. Taking sugarcane juice with a dash of ginger may help in women suffering from morning sickness, mostly seen during pregnancy.2 However, do not self-medicate; take a doctor’s consultation. 

      What are the sugarcane side effects? 

      Sugarcane pollen may cause allergic rhinitis (irritation in the nose). In addition, it may cause sneezing, congestion and mucous membrane swelling.5 If you experience such side effects after eating sugarcane, immediately contact your doctor and get treatment for your allergies. 

      What are the different products produced from sugarcane? 

      Sugarcane crops are majorly used in large-scale industries. It is processed to produce different products such as sugarcane juice, brown sugar, syrup, jaggery, molasses and bagasse.​2

      What are the different properties of sugarcane? 

      The nutrients of sugarcane may regulate various biological activities in the body. It may have antiseptic properties, cooling effects, diuretic effects, analgesic activity, lower cholesterol levels, reduce high blood glucose levels and relieve inflammation. Additionally, it may act as a laxative and an antioxidant.​2,3​ 

      What are the benefits of sugarcane in jaundice? 

      Regular consumption of sugarcane juice may help regulate the bilirubin levels and reduce bilirubin levels in the body. In addition, sugarcane juice may help cool down the stomach and provide immediate relief to jaundice patients.2,3 However, take proper treatment from your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

      References: 

      ​​1. Sagadevan K, Babu D, Janakiraman V, Palaniswamy H, Kasirajan L, Gomathi R, et al. A short review on sugarcane: its domestication, molecular manipulations, and future perspectives. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 2022;69:2623–43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9483297/pdf/10722_2022_Article_1430.pdf 

      ​2. Singh A, Ranjan Lal U, Muhammad Mukhtar H, Singh P, Shah G, Dhawan R, et al. Phytochemical profile of sugarcane and its potential health aspects. Pharmacogn Rev. 2015;9(17):45–54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441162/pdf/PRev-9-45.pdf 

      ​3. Chinnadurai C. Potential health benefits of sugarcane. Sugarcane Biotechnology: Challenges and Prospects. 2017;1–12. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319013514_Potential_Health_Benefits_of_Sugarcane 

      ​4. Sugarcane forage, whole plant | Feedipedia [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 5]. Available from: https://www.feedipedia.org/node/14462 

      ​5. Randrianandraina P, Solo CE, Andriambelo R. Role of sugarcane pollen in allergic rhinitis: a case-control study. The Pan Afri Med J. 2022;41(133):1–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35519171/ 

      Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

      Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes. 

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      Eucalyptus Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side effects By Dr. Smita Barode

      Introduction

      Aromatic herbs are being widely used, especially in rural areas. Eucalyptus is one such aromatic oil that has seen an increase in its use in developing countries. 

      Eucalyptus oil, also known as nilgiri oil, is an essential oil derived from the distillation of fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus and other species like E. polybractea, E. smithii, and E. viminalis, belonging to the family Myrtaceae. This tall evergreen tree is native to Tasmania and Australia. Further, it is found in Spain, the United States, Brazil, Portugal, North and South Africa, France, Southern Europe, and India. In India, it is majorly cultivated in Punjab and Haryana. 

      It is a straw-coloured or colourless fluid with a characteristic smell that may be described as camphor-like and pungent and its taste is also said to be camphoraceous, followed by a cooling sensation. Let’s read about eucalyptus oil’s benefits and side effects.1 

      Nutritional Value Of Eucalyptus Oil

      Eucalyptus oil is known for its wide variety of bioactive compounds. They are enlisted below: 

      Chemical constituents of Eucalyptus oil.1 

      A total of 0.26% of eucalyptus oil constituents are unknown.  

      Based on my experience, I have observed that eucalyptus oil might possess hepatoprotective properties. This means that it could potentially protect the liver from damage caused by certain toxins. It is believed to involve the presence of ursolic acid, a compound found in the leaves of Eucalyptus hybrid E. tereticomis. Ursolic acid is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its ability to protect the liver cells from damage and promote their regeneration.

      Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

      Did you know?

      Properties Of Eucalyptus Oil

      Eucalyptus oil has many treasures hidden within it. Some of the properties of eucalyptus essential oil are:1 

      In my experience, I have observed that eucalyptus oil might be beneficial for relieving spasmodic throat troubles, such as in croup. When applied externally, it may help alleviate the spasms and provide relief.

      Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

      Potential Uses Of Eucalyptus Oil For Overall Health

      The potential benefits of eucalyptus oil for your health are: 

      1. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Urinary Tract Infection

      In a study done by Moreira in 2001, eucalyptus oil may help in treating urinary tract infections. It may be used in an emulsion mixture with powdered gum-arabica and water. This mixture may be given as urethral injections. However, a doctor should be consulted before using nilgiri oil.1 

      2. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Diabetics

      Eucalyptus essential oil has shown potential anti-diabetic properties. In a comparative study in 1998 by Gray, they observed the effects of eucalyptus for management of diabetes by partial restoration of pancreatic cells in rats. Further, Dey observed that eucalyptus citriodora showed potential anti-diabetic activity that was analogous to the standard diabetes drug Glibenclamide. Although, this won’t replace the medication prescribed by your doctor, you should consult a doctor before using eucalyptus oil for diabetes.1,2 

      3. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Respiratory Diseases

      Sonker et. al in a study in 2017 observed that eucalyptus oil may potentially relieve symptoms of respiratory diseases. It was reported in a study that major constituents of this essential oil may relieve coughing, stimulate breathing, relax the respiratory muscles and remove mucus. Further, it may help in sore throat, runny nose, cough, cold, asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, and nasal congestion. Nilgiri oil can help in reducing the symptoms but should not be replaced with conventional treatment without consulting your doctor.1 

      4. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Wound Healing

      In a study in 1994, Sarkar found sores, cuts, scrapes, abrasions, burns and wounds may be benefitted using eucalyptus leaf essential oil. It can be used in the form of an ointment or salve to potentially use on bug bites and stings. In a study by Sabo in 2019, extracts of eucalyptus species showed a probable reduction in the size of acetic acid-induced ulcers in rats. Therefore, it may be a possibility that eucalyptus oil can be used for wound healing. You should consult a doctor before using eucalyptus oil on your wounds.1 

      5. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil in Pain Relief

      Maruyama in 2005 observed that aromatherapy massage potentially suppresses the inflammatory symptoms of oedema and neutrophil accumulation. This is because eucalyptus oil is volatile and hence, gets easily absorbed into the muscle and nerve. It has a property to reduce pain (analgesic). Eucalyptus may help in case of chronic pain along with conventional medication. Eucalyptus oil should not be traded for your medication without consulting your doctor.1,2 

      Other Potential Uses

      Other than the above-noted uses of eucalyptus, they are also some other eucalyptus oil uses and benefits, such as: 

      Though there are studies that show the benefits of the eucalyptus oil in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of eucalyptus oil on human health.  

      For both chemical and natural techniques, the chosen eucalyptus oil is a unique kind. An ingredient in the oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) is known to repel mosquitoes and other insects. I recommend the use of eucalyptus oil under the doctor’s supervision.

      Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

      How To Use Eucalyptus Oil?

      Eucalyptus oil may be used in a number of ways to treat different conditions. Some ways to use eucalyptus oil are:  

      You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

      One essential component of various topical analgesics is eucalyptus. These include creams, salves, sprays, and other topical painkillers that you may apply straight to your skin. From my knowledge, eucalyptus oil works by creating a cool or warm sensation that may distract you from the pain, even if it is not the primary painkiller.

      Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

      Side Effects Of Eucalyptus Oil

      Like most essential oils, eucalyptus oil also has many side effects. The most common eucalyptus oil side effects are:  

      Precautions To Take With Herb

      You now know that eucalyptus oil is should not be consumed by itself. Some other precautions to be taken with eucalyptus oil include: 

      Interactions With Other Drugs

      Eucalyptus is generally considered safe for topical use. However, it should never be consumed orally, especially without dilution with some other ingredients. It is considered toxic when consumed orally and may interact with your medications. Eucalyptus oil may affect the metabolic activity of the liver and thus, may disrupt the metabolism of certain drugs.6 

      If you are consuming any drug that may be metabolized by the liver, contact your general physician before using eucalyptus oil. For instance, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a medication used to treat cancer. It was observed in an animal study that when eucalyptus oil is used on the skin caused an increase in the absorption of topical 5-FU. Further, some diabetic medication also interacts with eucalyptus oil. 3,6 

      Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

      Can you use eucalyptus oil to treat colds? 

      Yes, the benefits of eucalyptus oil for cold are widely reported. It can be used via inhalation and cough drops. It has expectorant, antispasmodic and antiviral properties.  

      Can eucalyptus oil be consumed orally? 

      No, eucalyptus oil cannot be consumed orally, especially in large doses. It is usually consumed as a pharmaceutical product or can be used as a topical medication.  

      Is eucalyptus oil safe for wound healing? 

      Yes, eucalyptus oil can be used for wounds like abrasions, burns, scrapes, cuts and sores. It can be applied as a salve.

      Does eucalyptus interact with other drugs? 

      Yes, eucalyptus oil can interact with other drugs that get metabolized by the liver as it affects the metabolism rate in the liver. For example, 5-fluorouracil sees an increase in absorption when used topically with eucalyptus oil.  

      Can children use eucalyptus oil? 

      No, children under the age of one should not be administered eucalyptus oil. Children may be administered eucalyptus oil only after referring to a general physician.  

      References:

      1. Rathva D, Parmar D, Upadhyay S, Upadhyay U. A Basic Review on Eucalyptus Oil. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 29];5(2):771–81. Available from: https://ijprajournal.com/issue_dcp/A%20Basic%20Review%20on%20Eucalyptus%20Oil.pdf 

      2. Dhakad AK, Pandey V v., Beg S, Rawat JM, Singh A. Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review. J Sci Food Agric. 2018 Feb 1;98(3):833–48. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28758221/ 

      3. Eucalyptus – Tufts Medical Center Community Care [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 29]. Available from: https://hhma.org/healthadvisor/ma-eucalypt-ma/ 

      4. Sanches Abelan U, Savassa Pinto Cacoci RPh É, Elyan Azevedo Martins T, Mansanares Giacon V, Valéria Robles Velasco M, Rosana Ribeiro de Castro Lima C, et al. Potential use of essential oils in cosmetic and dermatological hair products: A review. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;00:1–12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34129742/ 

      5. Chandorkar N, Tambe S, Amin P, Madankar C. A systematic and comprehensive review on current understanding of the pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of the genus Eucalyptus. Phytomedicine Plus. 2021 Nov 1;1(4):100089. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321000713#:~:text=It%20can%20be%20concluded%20that,the%20treatment%20of%20respiratory%20disorders

      6. Eucalyptus Information | Mount Sinai – New York [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 29]. Available from:  

      https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/eucalyptus

      7.  Eucalyptus Oil: Important information about eucalyptus oil [Internet]. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.4843.pdf 

      Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

      Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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      Sweet Potatoes (Shakarkandi): Uses, Benefits, Side effects By Dr. Smita Barode

      Introduction:

      Since ancient times, sweet potatoes have been a staple food worldwide. Sweet potato or Ipomoea batatas is an edible root of the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae), whereas potatoes are edible tubers of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Sweet potatoes originated in South America, from where they spread to warm-temperate regions worldwide. In India, sweet potatoes were introduced by the Spanish. They are locally known as ‘shakarkandi’ and are growing at a large scale in Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. The most common variety of sweet potatoes has copper-coloured skin and vibrant orange flesh. Other varieties are yellow, white, deep purple and cream. True to their name, sweet potatoes are naturally sweet in flavour. These are cooked, roasted or diced into soups and salads. Apart from culinary uses, the health benefits of sweet potatoes are innumerable. Let us learn more about sweet potatoes benefits and side effects and why you should add sweet potatoes to your diet for a sweet and healthy life.1-3 

      Nutritional Value of Sweet Potatoes:

      Sweet potatoes are rich in dietary fibre, minerals and vitamins. The most important ones include beta-carotene, vitamins B2, C and E, and antioxidants like beta-carotene, etc.  The nutrients in sweet potatoes are mentioned below.  

      Properties of Sweet Potatoes:

      Scientifically proven properties of Ipomoea batatas include: 

      Potential Uses of Sweet Potatoes for Overall Health:

      Some of the potential benefits of sweet potatoes are described as under: 

      1. Potential uses of sweet potatoes in colorectal cancer  

      Colorectal cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women. Peng-Gao et al. conducted a study in 2013 to assess the impact of sweet potatoes on colorectal cancer. The study results show that sweet potatoes may have the potential to suppress cell growth (anti-proliferative effect) and inhibit the spread of cancer to other parts of the body (anti-metastatic effect). The anti-cancer mechanism is attributed to the presence of sweet potato protein (SPP). This indicates that consuming sweet potatoes may help with colorectal cancer. However, as scientific evidence supporting this claim is limited, there is a need for conducting further research.6 

      2. Potential uses of sweet potatoes for abnormal lipid levels  

      Abnormal lipid levels are characterised by an elevation in plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and a reduction in high-density lipoprotein. A review done by Naomi et al. in 2021 suggests that the flavonoids in sweet potatoes reduce fat absorption by regulating enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of lipids. Through this mechanism, flavonoids decrease the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels and increase the high-density lipoprotein levels. This indicates that the consumption of sweet potatoes can help normalize lipid levels. However, we need more studies to support these claims.7 

      3. Potential uses of sweet potatoes in neurodegenerative diseases  

      Neurodegenerative diseases are diseases characterised by the gradual degeneration of neurons, which are the functional units of the nervous system. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and spinal muscular atrophy are a few examples of neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is the main cause of the development of these diseases. Shan et al. conducted a review in 2009, mentioning that anthocyanins in sweet potatoes have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can exert neuroprotective effects. This suggests that consuming sweet potatoes may help manage neurodegenerative diseases. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and this warrants the need for more clinical studies to support these claims. 

      4. Potential uses of sweet potatoes in diabetes 

      Sweet potatoes have been used in traditional medicine for managing Type II diabetes. However, Li et al., through animal studies done in 2009, demonstrated the blood-glucose-lowering effect of sweet potatoes. Additionally, they have a low glycemic index which causes a slow release of glucose into the blood; this steady phase helps control elevated blood glucose. A trial done by Cheow et al. in 2013 showed that 122 participants supplemented with sweet potatoes showed a moderate reduction in HbA1c, which is an indicator of glycemic control and shows average blood glucose level of the past two to three months. This indicates that sweet potatoes may have the potential to manage diabetes, but we need more scientific evidence to support these claims.9 

      5. Potential uses of sweet potatoes for inflammation 

      Caffeic acid, a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in many fruits and vegetables and is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in colitis. After reaching a relevant concentration in the colon, it comes in contact with the intestinal cells and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. Sweet potatoes are also rich in caffeic acid and thus may have the potential to manage colitis. However, no scientific data is available for this, and thus more studies should be conducted to ascertain these claims.10, 11 

      Other sweet potato benefits: 12 

      Though there are studies that show the benefits of sweet potatoes in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of sweet potatoes on human health.  

      Sweet potatoes are a rich source of beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is carotenoid and antioxidant which is highly useful for maintaining vision and overall eye health. Additionally, sweet potatoes are rich in vitamins like vitamins C and E. These vitamins might avoid or delay cataract development and macular degeneration.

      Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

      How to Use Sweet Potatoes (Shakarkandi)?

      You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

      Side Effects of Sweet Potatoes:

      A few side effects related to the consumption of sweet potatoes include: 

      However, if you experience any adverse reactions to sweet potatoes, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

      Sweet potatoes are highly nutritious and often called a superfood. They are good sources of fibre and vitamins like A, C, B3, B5, and B6 which might be useful in maintaining digestive health, strengthening immunity and improving brain function. They might also contribute to better bone health because of the richness of minerals like manganese, copper, and potassium.

      Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

      Precautions To Take With Sweet Potatoes:

      Eating sweet potato is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be taken in the following conditions: 

      Interactions with Other Drugs:

      There is no significant interaction of sweet potatoes with other drugs. However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of sweet potatoes with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking. 

      Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

      What is the scientific name of sweet potato? 

      The scientific name of sweet potato is Ipomoea batatas.1 

      How is a sweet potato (Shakarkandi) different from a potato? 

      Sweet potato or Ipomoea batatas is an edible root of the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae), whereas potatoes are edible tubers of the nightshade family (Solanaceae).1 

      Can sweet potatoes help in managing constipation?  

      Yes, sweet potatoes may help manage constipation; this effect is attributed to the high content of dietary fibre in them. However, more studies are needed to support these claims. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have constipation.7 

      What are the advantages of sweet potatoes for vision? 

      Sweet potatoes are rich in the antioxidant beta-carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A is responsible for the formation of light-detecting receptors in the eyes. An increase in the quality and number of the light-detecting receptors helps in better vision. Thus, sweet potatoes may help improve vision. However, scientific evidence in support of this is limited and we need more studies to ensure these claims. It is recommended to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have any vision-related issues. 

      What are the side effects of the consumption of excess sweet potatoes?

      There have been a few instances of anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) after the consumption of sweet potatoes. Consumption in excess can also result in kidney stones, stomach pain, bloating, diarrhoea, etc.13

      References:

      1. Sweet potatoes. Hsph.harvard.edu. Available at: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/sweet-potatoes/ (Accessed: December 6, 2022).  
      1. Katayama, Kenji et al. “Recent progress in sweet potato breeding and cultivars for diverse applications in Japan.” Breeding science vol. 67, 1 (2017): 3-14. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.16129. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5407919/ 
      1. Sweet potato cultivation income; profit; project report, Agri Farming. Available at: https://www.agrifarming.in/sweet-potato-cultivation-income-profit-project-report (Accessed: December 6, 2022).  
      1. Mohanraj, Remya, and Subha Sivasankar. “Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) –a valuable medicinal food: a review.” Journal of medicinal food vol. 17,7 (2014): 733-41. doi:10.1089/jmf.2013.2818. Available at: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1089/jmf.2013.2818 
      1. Escobar-Puentes, Alberto A et al. “Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Phenotypes: From Agroindustry to Health Effects.” Foods (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 11,7 1058. 6 Apr. 2022, doi:10.3390/foods11071058. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997864/ 
      1. Li, Peng-Gao et al. “Anticancer effects of sweet potato protein on human colorectal cancer cells.” World journal of gastroenterology vol. 19,21 (2013): 3300-8. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i21.3300. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3671082/ 
      1. Naomi, Ruth et al. “Potential Effects of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia-A Systematic Review in Diabetic Retinopathy Context.” International journal of molecular sciences vol. 22,19 10816. 6 Oct. 2021, doi:10.3390/ijms221910816. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8509747/ 
      1. Shan, Qun et al. “Purple sweet potato colour ameliorates cognition deficits and attenuates oxidative damage and inflammation in ageing mouse brain induced by d-galactose.” Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology vol. 2009 (2009): 564737. doi:10.1155/2009/564737. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19865488/ 
      1. Ooi, Cheow Peng, and Seng Cheong Loke. “Sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus.” The Cochrane database of systematic reviews vol. 2013,9 CD009128. 3 Sep. 2013, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009128.pub3. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24000051/ 
      1. Nguyen, Hoang Chinh et al. “Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidants, and Health Benefits of Sweet Potato Leaves.” Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 26,7 1820. 24 Mar. 2021, doi:10.3390/molecules26071820. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038024/ 
      1. Zielińska, Danuta et al. “Caffeic Acid Modulates Processes Associated with Intestinal Inflammation.” Nutrients vol. 13,2 554. 8 Feb. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu13020554. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7914463/ 

        Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

        Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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        Eggs: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode 

        Introduction

        What came first, the egg or the chicken? This question has always confused us all. Ancient China and Egypt were the first societies to domesticate hens. In India, jungle birds have been domesticated since 3200 BC for egg production. An egg contains a hard shell on the outside and a nutrient-bearing yolk on the inside. There are different varieties of eggs available in the market. Among these, chicken eggs are the most common, which can be white or brown; there is no difference in the nutritional quality between the two, the only difference being the colour and price. If you are looking for an easy and healthy food option diet that is also pocket-friendly, white chicken eggs might be your last stop! Let’s read more about the health benefits of white chicken eggs and some common considerations which you need to keep in mind before adding eggs to your diet.1 

        Nutritional Value of Eggs

        Eggs are a nutritional powerhouse, packed with the goodness of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals and antioxidants like carotenoids. The nutritional chart of eggs is given in the table below.  

        Properties of Eggs

        Eggs show numerous scientifically proven properties; some of which are mentioned below:2 

        Potential Uses of eggs for Overall Health

        Some of the potential benefits of eggs are described below. 

        1. Potential uses of eggs on sarcopenia

        Sarcopenia is the age-related gradual loss of muscle strength, mass and function. Puglisi conducted a review in 2022, stating that the amino acid leucine in eggs stimulates muscle formation. In addition, Bagheri et al. conducted a study in 2020 to show the positive effect of whole-egg intake on skeletal muscles. This shows that consuming eggs may help stimulate skeletal muscle synthesis and may help improve muscle health. Thus, eggs may have the potential to manage sarcopenia. However, further research is needed to ascertain these claims as the scientific evidence available is insufficient.3 

        2. Potential uses of eggs on malnutrition

        WHO defines malnutrition as the deficiency, excess or imbalance in the intake of energy and/or nutrients. The term malnutrition includes 3 major categories: 

        Ianannotti et al. conducted a study in 2017 which showed that egg supplementation in children reduced the prevalence of stunting by 47% and underweight by 74%. Sophie et al. conducted a study in 2019; the findings of this study showed that excessive consumption of eggs can result in obesity. These astonishing results show the importance of eggs in lowering the risk of malnutrition. However, we need more clinical trials to support these claims.3 

        3. Potential uses of eggs for alopecia 

        Hair loss or alopecia can be caused due to insufficiencies in diet, genetics or environment. Hair is mainly made up of a protein called keratin; therefore, eggs may aid hair growth because of their high protein content. Toshio et al. conducted a study in 2018 to assess the effect of egg yolk on hair. The findings of this study showed that egg yolk contains a key growth factor (hair growth peptide) that stimulates hair growth. This is similar to the growth factor found in minoxidil (a drug used for the treatment of alopecia). The results of this study indicate that eggs may improve hair growth and manage alopecia. However, we need more scientific evidence to support the use of eggs for managing alopecia.4 

        4. Potential uses of eggs on cognitive function  

        In India, approximately 31.03% of elderly individuals (aged >70 years) suffer from cognitive impairment. Eggs are rich in natural cognitive enhancers like lutein, choline and tryptophan. Lee et al. conducted a study in 2021 to assess the impact of egg intake on memory decline in older adults. The findings of this study showed that the consumption of eggs might help reduce memory decline. Additionally, the presence of choline may help improve brain function. This indicates that consuming eggs may help improve brain function and, thus, cognitive function in the elderly. However, we need more scientific evidence to support these claims.5, 6 

        5. Potential uses of eggs as an antibacterial agent 

        Eggs are rich in antibacterial substances. The yolk and white parts are known to inhibit bacterial growth. A review carried out by Shi et al. in 2022 suggested that egg yolk contains trimethylamine (TMA). TMA has an antibacterial effect against E.coli (a commonly occurring harmful gut bacteria), which causes urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bloody diarrhoea, etc. Thus, the consumption of eggs may help in inhibiting the growth of E.coli and reducing the infections caused by it. However, we require more scientific studies to claim these effects in humans.8 

        Other potential uses of eggs:1

        Though there are studies that show the benefits of eggs in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Eggs on human health.  

        Did you know that one large boiled egg contains approximately 77 calories? Eggs are a nutritious food choice and provide various essential nutrients, including high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals. Adding boiled eggs to your diet can be a healthy way to incorporate a nutrient-rich food into your meals.

        Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

        How to Use Eggs?

        You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

        Please note that due to their natural high cholesterol content, it is often recommended by health and nutrition professionals that adults consume fewer than three eggs per week. While eggs can be a part of a healthy diet, it’s important to moderate your intake and consider the overall balance of your dietary choices.

        Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

        Side Effects of Eggs

        Sophie et al conducted a study in 2019 which stated that egg consumption in children below five years of age can result in an egg allergy. This allergy is induced by egg proteins and includes gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting, skin manifestations like rashes and respiratory symptoms like asthma, runny nose and nasal congestion. 

        Other indications of the adverse reactions of the body to eggs are described below: 

        However, if you experience any adverse reactions to eggs, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

        Including eggs in your diet can provide you with a significant amount of long chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as DHA and DPA. They contain approximately 114mg per serving, which represents 71-127% of the Adequate Intake (AI) for these essential fatty acids. This means that consuming eggs can be a valuable source of omega-3s to support your brain health and overall well-being.

        Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

        Precautions to take with Eggs

        Eating eggs is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions: 

        Interactions with Other Drugs

        There is no significant interaction of eggs with other drugs. However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of eggs with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking. 

        Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

        What is the difference between brown and white eggs? 

        The only difference between white and brown eggs is the colour of the shell and price, no difference is observed in the nutritional quality.1

        Should eggs be refrigerated? 

        Yes, it is best if you consume eggs fresh after buying, but if you want to store them, it is advised to refrigerate eggs as this may reduce bacterial growth and preserve them for a longer period.7 

        Can eggs help improve thyroid function?  

        Yes, eggs may help in improving thyroid function due to the presence of iodine and selenium in them. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and we need further studies to ascertain these effects. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have an abnormal thyroid function.8 

        What is the effect of egg consumption on the eyes? 

        Egg yolk contains antioxidants like lutein and zeaxanthin, which may have a protective role on the eyes and can reduce the risk of eye diseases. However, there is a need to conduct more studies to support these claims. It is recommended to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have any eye-related issues. 

        What are the side effects of egg consumption? 

        Daily consumption of eggs can result in an increase in good cholesterol as well as bad cholesterol, eggs are rich in saturated fats, which can result in weight gain, and egg allergy is common in children below five years, which is characterised by respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms.1,9 

        References:

        1. Réhault-Godbert, Sophie et al. “The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health.” Nutrients vol. 11,3 684. 22 Mar. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11030684. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470839/ 
        2. Puglisi, Michael J, and Maria Luz Fernandez. “The Health Benefits of Egg Protein.” Nutrients vol. 14,14 2904. 15 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3390/nu14142904. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35889862/ 
        3. Nakamura, Toshio et al. “Naturally Occurring Hair Growth Peptide: Water-Soluble Chicken Egg Yolk Peptides Stimulate Hair Growth Through Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production.” Journal of medicinal food vol. 21, 7 (2018): 701-708. doi:10.1089/jmf.2017.4101. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29583066/ 
        4. Lee, Grace J et al. “Egg intake moderates the rate of memory decline in healthy older adults.” Journal of nutritional science vol. 10 e79. 21 Sep. 2021, doi:10.1017/jns.2021.76. Available at:  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-nutritional-science/article/egg-intake-moderates-the-rate-of-memory-decline-in-healthy-older-adults/9562D1F3F8C0A13118279E5E5D45676C 
        5. Shi, Xuefeng et al. “Antibacterial Properties of TMA against Escherichia coli and Effect of Temperature and Storage Duration on TMA Content, Lysozyme Activity and Content in Eggs.” Foods (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 11,4 527. 11 Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/foods11040527. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35206004/ 
        6. Mokhtari, Zeinab et al. “Egg consumption and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.” World journal of hepatology vol. 9,10 (2017): 503-509. doi:10.4254/wjh.v9.i10.503. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28443155/ 

        Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

        Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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        Grapes (Angur): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

        Introduction:

        Nothing feels more satisfying than tasting a batch of fresh grapes! These are not only important for curating a quality wine but are also used in refreshing fruit bowls and dishing out sinful desserts. It is because of this versatility, that grapes are also called as “Queen of fruits”. The scientific name of grapes is Vitis vinifera and it belongs to the family Vitaceae. Grapes are crunchy and juicy shots of heaven in various colours like black, green and red. They can be with or without seeds. About 8000 years ago, the cultivation of grapes began in the Middle East. They are now widely grown in Africa, Southern Europe, North and South America and Australia, India ranks among the top ten countries in the production of grapes. In India, 80% production is done in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. They are not only tasty but have several health benefits. Let us read about some evidence-based benefits which will tempt you to add grapes to your diet.1,2 

        Did you know?

        Nutritional Value of Grapes:

        Grapes are richly packed with various nutritional components that are given as follows:  

        Nutritional value of grapes3 

        Properties of Grapes (Angur):

        Grapes show numerous scientifically proven properties and some of these properties are mentioned below:4 

        Potential Uses of Grapes for Overall Health:

        Some of the potential benefits of grapes are described as follows: 

        1. Potential uses of grapes on cognitive function 

        Studies support the association of grapes with an improvement in cognitive function. Grapes contain antioxidants like resveratrol which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which may help inhibit neurodegeneration. It also increases blood flow to the brain, and along with the presence of minerals like manganese, potassium and calcium, may improve brain health. Lee et al. conducted a study in 2017 to assess the effect of grape consumption on cognitive function. The study was conducted on ten participants with mild cognitive decline; this study showed a positive effect of grapes on cognitive function. Thus, grapes may have a positive impact on cognitive function. However, more studies are needed to support these claims.5 

        2. Potential uses of grapes for liver disease 

        Literature reviews suggest that grapes contain phytochemical resveratrol, which may have hepatoprotective effects against cholestatic, chemical and alcohol-mediated damage. Asim et al. conducted a study in 2022 to assess the effect of the consumption of grapes on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. This study showed that grapes helped modulate hepatic gene expression, preventing oxidative damage and ameliorating NAFLD. This indicates that the consumption of grapes may help manage NAFLD. Additionally, resveratrol may help reduce liver fibrosis and steatosis, which are features of chronic liver disease and thus, may exert a hepato-protective effect. However, scientific evidence to support these claims is limited, and we need more studies to support these claims.6,7 

        3. Potential uses of grapes for managing lipid profile 

        Polyphenol-rich food may have a favourable effect on lipid profile. Roberta et al. conducted a meta-analysis in 2020 to assess the impact of grapes on lipid profile. This meta-analysis showed that grapes’ consumption significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or bad cholesterol and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or good cholesterol. This reduction in LDL cholesterol is attributed to the presence of polyphenols like resveratrol in grapes. Therefore, the consumption of grapes may help in reducing bad cholesterol and increasing good cholesterol. However, we need more scientific evidence to support these claims.8 

        Did you know that adding grapes to your diet can be a secret weapon for youthful aging? These amazing fruits are packed with antioxidants that work their magic inside your cells, fighting off harmful oxidative stress and kickstarting the production of a powerful antioxidant called glutathione.

        Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

        4. Potential uses of grapes for type II diabetes 

        Type II diabetes mellitus is a global public health challenge affecting the majority of the population. It is characterized by an increased glucose production by the liver due to insulin resistance and beta-cell defects. Grapes have a low glycemic index, which may positively impact type II diabetes mellitus. Zunino et al. conducted a literature review in 2009 to assess the effect of grapes on type II diabetes. The review suggested that grapes may have the potential to reduce elevated blood glucose, improve beta cell function and protect against beta cell loss due to the presence of numerous polyphenols like resveratrol, catechins, anthocyanins, etc. The results of this study indicate that grapes may exert a positive impact on type II diabetes. Additionally, the presence of resveratrol may help in managing diabetic neuropathy. However, we need more research to support these claims.9 

        5. Potential uses of grapes in cancer  

        Several literature studies support the use of grapes as promising anticancer agents due to the presence of antioxidants. Zhou et al. conducted an in-vitro study in 2012 to assess the effect of grapefruit on small lung cancers. The results of this study supported the use of grapes for managing cancer. The anti-cancerous activity is attributed to the presence of antioxidants like proanthocyanidins which show inhibitory effects on several cancers.10 So, it might be possible that grapes can help in dealing with cancer. However, this finding needs further research to be applied practically. 

        6. Other potential uses of grapes 

        Though there are studies that show the benefits of grapes in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Grapes on human health.  

        Including grapes in your diet might have a positive impact on retinal health. The antioxidants present in grapes may help protect and preserve the structure and function of the photoreceptors in the retina, promoting better vision and avoiding further damage.

        Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

        How to Use Grapes?

        You can incorporate grapes into your dietary routine in the form of fresh, frozen or as juice.2 

        You must consult a qualified doctor before including grapes in your diet. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with grapes without consulting a qualified doctor.   

        Side Effects of Grapes:

        Data regarding the side effects of grapes is limited and more research is required to verify the side effects of grapes on human health. However, if you experience any adverse reactions to grapes, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

        Precautions to take with Grapes:

        Eating grapes is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions: 

        Interactions with Other Drugs:

        Grapes (Angur) are known to interact with several drugs resulting in untoward effects. Drugs known to interact adversely with grapes are mentioned below; given with them are the conditions wherein they are advised. 

        These interactions can result in unwanted effects on the body and may reduce the drug’s efficacy. However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of grapes with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking.13 

        Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

        What is the scientific name of grapes? 

        The scientific name of grapes is Vitis vinifera.1 

        Which fruit is known as the “queen of fruits”?

        Grapes are known as “queen of fruits”.1 

        Can grapes help in managing diabetes? 

        Yes, grapes may help manage diabetes as they have a low glycemic index. However, more studies need to be done to support these claims in humans. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment.8 

        Can grapes help in case of insomnia? 

        The presence of melatonin in grapes may help manage insomnia. The scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited and therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor if you have any sleep-related issues.10  

        What are the side effects of grapes consumption? 

        Data regarding the side effect profile of grapes is limited, and more research is required to verify the side effects of grapes on human health. However, if you experience any adverse reactions to grapes, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately considering your symptoms. 

        References:

        1. Pezzuto, John M et al. “Unraveling the relationship between grapes and health.” The Journal of nutrition vol. 139,9 (2009): 1783S-7S. doi:10.3945/jn.109.107458. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728694/ 
        2. Lee, Jooyeon et al. “Examining the impact of grape consumption on brain metabolism and cognitive function in patients with mild decline in cognition: A double-blinded placebo-controlled pilot study.” Experimental gerontology vol. 87, Pt A (2017): 121-128. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.10.004. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27856335/ 
        3. Dave, Asim et al. “Consumption of Grapes Modulates Gene Expression, Reduces Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Extends Longevity in Female C57BL/6J Mice Provided with a High-Fat Western-Pattern Diet.” Foods (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 11,13 1984. 5 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3390/foods11131984. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9265568/ 
        4. Lupoli, Roberta et al. “Impact of Grape Products on Lipid Profile: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.” Journal of clinical medicine vol. 9,2 313. 22 Jan. 2020, doi:10.3390/jcm9020313. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/2/313/htm 
        5. Zhou, Kequan, and Julian J Raffoul. “Potential anticancer properties of grape antioxidants.” Journal of oncology vol. 2012 (2012): 803294. doi:10.1155/2012/803294. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22919383/ 

        Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

        Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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