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Risk Assessment
Secondary hyperparathyroidism, kidney function, bone health
Overview
A number of different elements are required to harmonise the body and help it function healthily. Calcium is one such essential nutrient. All cells in the body use calcium to grow, maintain, and repair bones and teeth. It promotes the clotting of the blood and oversees the proper functioning of the nerves, muscles, and heart.
Calcium is most commonly stored in the bones of the body. Small residual amounts can be found circulating in the blood. A certain amount of calcium is also passed out of the body through the urine. However, the amounts of calcium expelled are normally within a permissible range. If they are either too high or low, it could indicate the presence of some medical condition.
Most often, excess calcium levels in urine point to the occurrence of kidney stones. These are usually formed in either or both kidneys, as calcium and other minerals build up in them. They begin to harden and eventually turn into solid, pebble-like structures. Sometimes, calcium deficiency may result in hyperexcitable muscles and nerves.
The urinary spot calcium test is normally prescribed when there are certain conditions suspected, or if certain symptoms relating to kidney stones or kidney dysfunction are seen. Urinary spot calcium results will let you know how much calcium is eliminated by the kidneys.
Other terms for Urinary Spot Calcium test
- Random Urinary Ca+2
- Calcium in spot urine
What does the urinary spot calcium test measure and why is it prescribed?
A urinary spot calcium test report informs of the calcium levels in urine.
There are three main situations when a urinary spot calcium report is requested. They are:
- Issues with kidney function.
- Conditions related to the parathyroid hormone.
- Concerns around bone health.
Symptoms of kidney stones that might require a urinary spot calcium test include:
- Abdominal or back pain
- Blood in urine
- Very frequent urination
- Nausea, and/or vomiting
There could also be signs of fluctuations in the parathyroid hormone. These include:
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pain in bones and joints
- Brittle nails and/or dry skin
- Tingling sensations in toes and fingers
- Muscle cramps
- Abdominal pain
Urinary Spot Calcium Test Ranges and Interpretation
The values of a urinary spot calcium test are calculated as milligrams per day (mg/day).
DESCRIPTION | NORMAL RANGE |
Normal diet | 100 – 300 mg/day |
Low calcium diet | 50 – 150 mg/day |
It is important to consult your physician to understand what your results indicate and how to interpret them. In the event that your values are not within the normal range, the urinary spot calcium report may prompt a series of other examinations and tests.
Abnormal urinary spot calcium ranges are usually those that are well above or below the permissible limit. They may stem from a number of different conditions.
When the value in the urinary spot calcium report is very low, it could mean:
- A deficiency of Vitamin D
- The consumption of a certain kind of diuretic is called a thiazide diuretic.
- A malabsorption disorder, where nutrients are unable to be digested adequately. It could lead to cases of nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea.
- Hypoparathyroidism is a case when the parathyroid hormone does not produce sufficient hormones. This makes balancing phosphorus and calcium in the body difficult.
In cases where the urinary spot calcium report shows very high values, it may be an indication of:
- Excessive amounts of Vitamin D in the body
- The consumption of loop diuretics is used to increase the loss of water from the kidneys.
- Idiopathic hypercalciuria, which is a case of increased calcium levels in the urine without an apparent reason,
- Milk-alkali syndrome normally arises in women who have increased levels of calcium in their bodies because of consuming too many calcium supplements. This is commonly visible in women who consume excessive calcium supplements to prevent osteoporosis.
- Renal tubular acidosis, where high levels of acid are noticed in the blood since the kidneys do not remove enough uric acid.
- Sarcoidosis is a condition where the lymph nodes, eyes, liver, lungs, skin, and other tissues experience inflammation.
- Hyperparathyroidism occurs when there is an excess of parathormone secreted by the parathyroid glands This can lead to an increased sense of pain, soreness, and fatigue in the body.
Sample Type
The results of a urinary spot calcium test are obtained from a randomly taken urine sample of the individual.
Urinary Spot Calcium Test Preparation
The urinary spot calcium test is very simple since it requires one random urine sample that can be collected at any point in the day. You can go to a lab, request a sterile bottle, and hand in your urine sample. Alternatively, the sample can be collected at home and dropped off at the lab. A home collection may also be possible in several areas.
Some kinds of supplements and medication may interfere with the urinary spot calcium test results. Therefore, it is best advised that you inform your physician of all medication being taken. Your doctor will be able to let you know what medication should be stopped 24 hours prior to the test, and if any modifications to the diet will be necessary during this time.
Test inclusions: What parameters does a Urinary spot calcium report cover?
A urinary spot calcium test will give you values that let you know how much calcium is excreted in the urine. A higher or lower value is an indication of some medical disorder. Your physician may then order some other tests or suggest changes that can help bring the values to the normal range.
How frequently should you take this test?
There is no specified periodicity for the urinary spot calcium test. Depending on the symptoms and conditions, your physician may prescribe it when needed. A follow-up may also be conducted to ascertain recovery and progression.
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