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Acai Berry: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

“Let food be your first medicine and kitchen be your first pharmacy”. This saying acknowledges the importance of eating healthy and using fruits and vegetables for their health benefits. One fruit that has gained limelight due to its health benefits is the Acai berry. It is a small round berry (usually the size of a grape) obtained from the Acai palm Euterpe oleracea Martius. It is green when immature and ripens to a dark purple colour. This plant is native to south and Central America. In India, it is called ‘kallaa pazham’ and its cultivation is limited to Kerala. Mostly in other parts of India, freeze-dried powder or purées are available. Let us know more about the health benefits of this super berry1

Nutritional Value of Acai Berry

Acai berries are packed with the goodness of dietary fibres, proteins and minerals like potassium, calcium etc. They are rich in fatty acids, especially palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid. The phytochemicals in Acai berries include anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. The nutritional Value of Acai berry is given below.  

Properties of Acai Berry

Acai berry shows numerous scientifically proven properties; some of which are mentioned below3

Based on some research10, the consumption of acai berries might help improve cognitive function in patients suffering from dementia.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Acai Berry for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of Acai berries are described below. 

1. Potential Use of Acai Berry in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most predominant liver diseases worldwide. Phenolic compounds, especially those belonging to the anthocyanin class, may help manage NAFLD. Pirrozi et al. in 2020 conducted a review3 that stated that Acai berry, due to a high content of phenolic compounds, may help reduce fat accumulation in the liver and may potentially benefit NAFLD. However, these results are not proven in any animal or human study and should not be generalised for treating NAFLD in humans. 

2. Potential Uses of Acai Berry in Lung Cancer 

lung cancer

Over the past few years, the Indian system of medicine has been formulating different extracts from herbs and seeds for managing cancers of the lung, breast, etc. Martinez et al. conducted a study4 in 2018 that showed that extract from Acai berries showed a protective effect against lung cancer. Additionally, phytochemicals like anthocyanins reduce the spread of cancer to other parts of the body. This shows that Acai berries may have the potential to manage lung cancer. However, further research is needed to ascertain these claims as the scientific evidence available is insufficient to claim these results in human beings. 

3. Potential Uses of Acai Berry to Manage Cholesterol Levels

cholesterol

Hypercholesterolemia is elevated blood cholesterol levels and is considered a risk factor for heart disease. Melina et al. conducted a study5 in 2009 showing that Acai berry consumption potentially impacted cholesterol levels in an animal model. These astonishing results show the importance of Acai berry in lowering blood cholesterol and thus, its potential to exert a protective effect on the heart. However, we need human trials to support these claims. 

4. Potential Uses of Acai Berry in Inflammation

inflammaation

Inflammation is a part of the body’s defence mechanism, which helps remove harmful and foreign substances from the body and helps in the healing process. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are two conditions characterised by inflammation of the intestines, which are clinically shown as symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss, etc. A study6 by Kim et al. in 2011 assessed the potential of Acai berries in intestinal inflammation. The presence of anthocyanins in Acai berries helped in reducing inflammation. Thus, it can be concluded that Acai berries may potentially manage inflammation and can be used to manage intestinal inflammatory diseases. However, we need more scientific evidence to support these claims in humans. 

5. Potential Uses of Acai Berry for Blood Glucose

regulates blood sugar

Blood glucose is the main sugar found in the blood and is produced by the breakdown of food that we eat. Udani et al. conducted a study7 in 2011 showing that Acai berry helps reduce blood glucose and improve insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose) sensitivity. These astonishing results show the importance of Acai berry in lowering blood glucose levels and thus, its potential to manage diabetes. However, we need human trials to support these claims. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Acai Berry

wound healing

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Acai berry in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of acai berry on human health.  

According to some studies11, acai berry extracts might have some anti-oxidative effects due to the presence of some phenolic compounds, which might be beneficial in oral wound healing.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Acai Berry?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Acai Berry

Data from the Natural Medicines comprehensive database from 2020 states that raw Acai berry juice consumption can lead to a disease known as American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease. This only happens when Acai berry is contaminated with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas disease is characterised by the issues of the heart and digestive system. 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to Acai berries, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms9

Also Read: 8 Great Benefits of Sapota or Chikoo

Precautions to Take with Acai Berry

Consuming Acai berry is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions: 

Also Read: Strawberry: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of Acai berry with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Acai berry? 

Acai berry is a small round berry (usually the size of a grape) obtained from the Acai palm Euterpe oleracea Martius1

How is Acai berry available in the market? 

In the market, Acai berry freeze-dried powder or purées are available1

What is Acai berry in India called as?

In India, Acai berry is called ‘kallaa pazham’. 

Does Acai berry benefits weight loss? 

Yes, Acai berries may help in weight loss5

What are the side effects of Acai berry? 

The Natural Medicines comprehensive database, 2020 states that raw Acai berry juice consumption can lead to a disease known as American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease. This only happens when Acai berry is contaminated with a parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease is characterised by heart and digestive issues9

References

  1. N Marcason W. What is the açaí berry and are there health benefits? J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Nov;109(11):1968. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.09.017. PMID: 19857637. Available at: https://www.jandonline.org/article/S0002-8223(09)01606-X/fulltext 
  2. Acai Berry Powder by Health Matters America Inc. Acai berry powder by HEALTH MATTERS AMERICA INC. nutrition facts and analysis. Available at: https://www.nutritionvalue.org/Acai_berry_powder_by_HEALTH_MATTERS_AMERICA_INC._1064123_nutritional_value.html?size=100%2Bg (Accessed: January 19, 2023).  
  3. Pirozzi, Anna Virginia Adriana et al. “Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activity of Açai Fruit Makes It a Valuable Functional Food.” Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 10,1 40. 31 Dec. 2020, doi:10.3390/antiox10010040. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/1/40 
  4. Martinez, Raquel Martins et al. “Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Seed Extract Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells.” Foods (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 7,11 178. 26 Oct. 2018, doi:10.3390/foods7110178. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30373103/ 
  5. Melina Oliveira et al. “Diet supplementation with acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp improves biomarkers of oxidative stress and the serum lipid profile in rats.” Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) vol. 26,7-8 (2010): 804-10. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.007. available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20022468/ 
  6. Kim, Kyeong Jin et al. “Acai berry extract as a regulator of intestinal inflammation pathways in a Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 co-culture model.” Journal of food biochemistry, e13848. 5 Jul. 2021, doi:10.1111/jfbc.13848. available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34227129/ 
  7. Udani, Jay K et al. “Effects of Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry preparation on metabolic parameters in a healthy overweight population: a pilot study.” Nutrition journal vol. 10 45. 12 May. 2011, doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-45. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118329/ 
  8. ALNasser, Maryam N et al. “A Preliminary Assessment of the Nutraceutical Potential of Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) as a Potential Natural Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease.” Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 27,15 4891. 30 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3390/molecules27154891. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9370152/ 
  9. Acai: Overview, uses, side effects, precautions, interactions, dosing and reviews (no date) WebMD. WebMD. (Accessed: January 19, 2023).  Available at: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1109/acai 
  10. Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation. Açaí Berries. Cognitive Vitality. Updated June 2, 2021. Available from: https://www.alzdiscovery.org/cognitive-vitality/ratings/acai-berries
  11. Kang MH, Kim BH. Oral wound healing effects of acai berry water extracts in rat oral mucosa. Toxicological Research. 2018;34(2):97–102. doi:10.5487/TR.2018.34.2.097. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.5487/TR.2018.34.2.097

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Madhunashini (Gymnema Sylvestre): Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

“Ayurveda, a most sacred science of life, is beneficial to humans both in this world and the world beyond”. Ayurveda focuses on improving human health and well-being through herbs and spices. One such herb which is of great significance is Madhunashini. Madhunashini is also known as meshashringi (Sanskrit), gurmar and merasingi (Hindi), vakundi, kavuli and kalikardori (Marathi), dhuleti and mardashingi (Gujarathi), Podapatri (Telugu) and Cherukurinja (Tamil). The scientific or botanical name of Madhunashini is Gymnema sylvestre and it belongs to the Asclepiadaceae family. It is a medicinal woody climber native to western and Central India, Australia, and tropical Africa. In India, it is widely grown in Bihar, Chhattisgarh Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal. The leaves, flowers, and root extracts have medicinal properties. Let us know more about the health benefits of this wonder plant1,2.

Nutritional Value of Madhunashini

Madhunashini has nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and other phytochemical constituents like saponins, sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids, resins, etc3.

Did you know?

  • A study showed that Madhunashini extract improved insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. source: ncbi
  • Research suggests that Madhunashini may help reduce the risk of diabetic complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy. source: diabetesjournals.org

Properties of Madhunashini

Scientifically proven properties of Madhunashini include1:

Based on my experience, I have found that the leaf extract of madhunashini might have antiarthritic effects. The extract contains certain compounds that could potentially inhibit inflammation and reduce the release of pain-causing substances, which may help in managing arthritic symptoms8.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Madhunashini for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of Madhunashini are described as under:  

1. Potential Uses of Madhunashini in Diabetes

Home Remedies For Diabetes
Image Source: freepik.com

We can’t deny that diabetes is one of the most common diseases, showing an increasing trend worldwide. Even in their 20s, youngsters have complaints of high blood glucose levels because of unhealthy dietary choices and a sedentary lifestyle. A review1 by Kanetkar et al. in 2007 stated that Madhunashini exerts anti-diabetic effects due to the presence of gymnemic acids. The possible mechanism attributed is an increase in insulin secretion, a hormone that regulates blood glucose. Additionally, gymnemic acids help inhibit glucose absorption from the intestine and increase glucose utilization. This indicates that Madhunashini may help manage diabetes. However, more studies are needed to support these claims with greater reliability1.

2. Potential Uses of Madhunashini for Lipid Profile

Cholesterol normal range
Image Source: freepik.com

A lipid profile is a blood test that measures the number of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood. An altered lipid profile is a risk factor for diseases like atherosclerosis, pancreatitis, etc. Eisenberg et al. 2003 conducted a study8 in rats. This study showed that Madhunashini leaf extracts could reduce serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, etc. This indicates that Madhunashini has the potential to correct an abnormal lipid profile. However, these results are based on animal studies and more studies are needed to claim these effects in humans4.

3. Potential Uses of Madhunashini in Obesity

Image Source: freepik.com

Obesity is a complex disease characterized by excess body fat, which can negatively affect health. Studies have supported the fact that using food sources in the right quantity and the use of complementary and alternative medicine like yoga and ayurvedic herbs may help in weight loss. A review4 conducted by Fabio et al. in 2013 stated that Madhunashini has the potential to manage obesity. This effect is attributed to inhibiting taste perception by gymnemic acids present in Madhunashini leaf and root extracts which may limit your food intake. This indicates that the Madhunashini may aid weight loss by decreasing the intake of calories. However, we need more studies to support these claims with greater reliability4,5

4. Potential Uses of Madhunashini in Cancer

cancer
Image Source: freepik.com

Cancer is a disease in which cells of the body may multiply abnormally and form cancerous cells that may spread to other parts of the body. A review4 conducted by Fabio et al. in 2013 states that Madhunashini may help manage breast and lung cancer. The exact mechanism behind this effect is, however, still being determined. This indicates that Madhunashini may help with cancer. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited. Therefore, we need more studies to support these claims4.

5. Potential Uses of Madhunashini as an Antibacterial Agent

infection
Image Source: freepik.com

Many antibacterial agents in Ayurveda have been used for managing bacterial infections; one such agent is Madhunashini. A review4 conducted by Fabio et al. in 2013 stated that Madhunashini leaf extract might have antibacterial activity against bacteria like E.coli and Salmonella species. By killing these bacteria, Madhunashini may help manage urinary tract infections, diarrhoea, typhoid, etc. This indicates that it may help manage a wide range of bacterial infections. Additionally, it may also help in managing dental caries, usually caused by bacteria, and thus may help improve dental hygiene. However, there is no scientific study done on humans to support these claims4.

6. Other Potential Uses of Madhunashini

constipation
Image Source: freepik.com

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Madhunashini in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Madhunashini on human health.  

In my experience, madhunashini extract may have potential benefits in wound healing. The extract contains flavonoids, which are known for their antioxidant properties. While further studies are needed, incorporating its extract in wound care may support the healing process8.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Madhunashini?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

Did you know that the root bark of Madhunashini has been historically used as an emetic, expectorant, and analgesic for body aches? It has also been utilized as a traditional remedy for snakebites, with the root juice playing a role in its treatment8.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Side Effects of Madhunashini

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to Madhunashini, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Also Read: Gokshuradi Guggulu: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and more!

Precautions to Take with Madhunashini

Consuming Madhunashini is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions7

Also Read: Vasaka (Malabar Nut): Uses, Benefits and Side Effects by Dr. Rajeev Singh 

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of Madhunashini with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking7.

Also Read: Triphala: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Madhunashini also known as? 

Madhunashini is also known as meshashringi (Sanskrit), gurmar and merasingi (Hindi), vakundi, kavuli and kalikardori (Marathi), dhuleti and mardashingi (Gujarathi), Podapatri (Telugu) and Cherukurinja (Tamil)1.

What is the scientific name of the Madhunashini plant? 

The scientific name of the Madhunashini plant is Gymnema sylvestre, which belongs to the Asclepiadaceae family1.

Does Madhunashini interact with food?  

No, there are no interactions of Madhunashini with food7.

Is Madhunashini available in the market? 

Yes, it is available in the market as Madhunashini tablet, capsules, extract, powder, paste, etc6.

What is Madhunashini called in Tamil? 

Madhunashini in Tamil is known as Cherukurinja1.

References

  1.  Kanetkar, Parijat et al. “Gymnema sylvestre: A Memoir.” Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition vol. 41,2 (2007): 77-81. doi:10.3164/jcbn.2007010. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2170951/
  1. Pandey, Ashok Kumar and Swati Yadav. “Variation in gymnemic acid content and non-destructive harvesting of Gymnema sylvestre (Gudmar).” Pharmacognosy research vol. 2,5 (2010): 309-12. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.72330. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093035/ 
  1. Khan, Farzana et al. “Comprehensive Review on Phytochemicals, Pharmacological and Clinical Potentials of Gymnema sylvestre.” Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 10 1223. 29 Oct. 2019, doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01223. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.01223/full
  1. Di Fabio G, Romanucci V, Zarrelli M, Giordano M, Zarrelli A. C-4 Gem-Dimethylated Oleanesof Gymnema sylvestre and Their Pharmacological Activities. Molecules. 2013; 18(12):14892-14919. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/12/14892 
  1. Lin, Xihua and Hong Li. “Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutics.” Frontiers in endocrinology vol. 12 706978. 6 Sep. 2021, doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.706978. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8450866/ 
  1. Saneja A, Sharma C. Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar): a review. Der Pharmacia lettre [Internet]. 2010;2(1):275–84. Available from: https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/gymnema-sylvestre-gurmar-a-review.pdf 
  1. Medlineplus. Gymnema [Internet]. Vol. 2, MedlinePlus National Library of Medicine. 2021. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/841.html 
  2. Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of *Gymnema sylvestre: an important medicinal plant. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:830285. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3912882/
  3. Preuss, H. G., Jarrell, S. T., Scheckenbach, R., Lieberman, S., & Anderson, R. A. (1998). Comparative effects of chromium, vanadium and Gymnema sylvestre on sugar-induced blood pressure elevations in SHR. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 17(2), 116–123. doi:10.1080/07315724.1998.10718736. PMID: 9550454. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9550454/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Talmakhana: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode 

Introduction

The Indian system of medicine, i.e. Ayurveda, teaches us how to cherish mother nature. Ayurvedic herbs and spices play an important part in promoting health and wellness. One such herb which has gained limelight during these years is talmakhana, a special category of drugs classified under Rasayana. Talmakhana finds mention in ancient books like “Charak Samhita” and “Sushruta Samhita.” Talmakhana is the bitter seed obtained from the Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees. In the Unani system of medicine, these seeds are called talmakhana, whereas in Ayurvedic medicine, they are called kokilaksha (having eyes like kokila or Indian cuckoo). The other vernacular names of Talmakhana include Iksura (Sanskrit), Golmidi (Tamil), Ekharo (Gujarati) and Nirmuli (Malayalam). This plant is widely cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Nepal. Let’s read more about the health benefits of talmakhana and some common considerations which you need to keep in mind before adding talmakhana to your diet1

Nutritional Value of Talmakhana

Talmakhana is packed with the goodness of minerals like sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, chromium, copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, etc. The nutritional chart of talmakhana is given below2.  

Studies8 have revealed that Talmakhana may be used to tackle symptoms of gout. In my experience, Talmakhana is known for its caustic, bitter, aphrodisiac, tonic, sedative and anti-inflammatory nature that is used to manage blood disorders.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Talmakhana

Talmakhana show numerous scientifically proven properties; some of which are mentioned below1

Potential Uses of Talmakhana for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of talmakhana are described below: 

1. Potential Uses of Talmakhana for the Liver

liver

Ever wondered what happens to the medicines like paracetamol once we eat it or what our body does with medicines? The liver is the organ responsible for converting these medicines into a non-toxic form that can be removed from the body. If the liver fails in its function, these drugs, like paracetamol, may accumulate in the body and can result in toxicity. Handa et al. conducted a study2 in 1999 to assess the effect of talmakhana on the liver. The findings of this study showed that talmakhana seeds had a hepato-protective effect against paracetamol poisoning in rats. The results of this study indicate that talmakhana may protect the liver against paracetamol poisoning. However, we need more scientific evidence to support these claims in humans. 

2. Potential Uses of Talmakhana in Liver Cancer

liver cancer

Carcinogenesis is the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells, resulting in the formation of cancer. Over the past few years, the Indian system of medicine has been formulating different extracts from herbs and seeds like talmakhana for managing cancers. Ahmed et al. conducted an animal study3 in 2010 which showed that talmakhana seeds helped inhibit liver carcinogenesis in rats. This shows that talmakhana may have the potential to manage liver cancer. However, further research is needed to ascertain these claims as the scientific evidence available is insufficient to claim these results in human beings.

3. Potential Uses of Talmakhana for Blood Glucose Level

regulates blood sugar

Blood glucose is the main sugar that is found in your blood. It comes from the food you eat and is the main energy source for the body. Fernando et al. conducted an animal study4 in 1991, showing that talmakhana stimulates the liver and muscles to take up glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen. These astonishing results show the importance of talmakhana in lowering blood glucose levels and thus, its potential to manage diabetes. However, we need human trials to support these claims. 

4. Potential Uses of Talmakhana as an Antibacterial Agent

bhadrasana for management of stress urinary incontinence in women

Burkholderia pseudomallei are bacteria known to cause melioidosis or Whitmore’s disease. It is known to affect both humans and animals. This bacterium is found in contaminated food and water. The symptoms of melioidosis include fever, stomach, chest and joint pain, headache and weight loss. A review by Samy et al. in 2005 stated5 that talmakhana might help inhibit the growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei and reduce the infections caused by them. Thus, talmakhana is a potential antibacterial agent against Burkholderia pseudomallei. Traditionally, it has been used as a potent antibacterial agent against urinary tract infections. However, we need more scientific evidence to support these claims in humans.

5. Potential Uses of Talmakhana for the Heart and Kidney

heart

Excessive fluid accumulation in the body or oedema can result in high blood pressure and heart problems like heart failure. A review carried out by Nagendra et al. in 2010 suggested that talmakhana can exert a diuretic effect1. This effect causes the kidneys to increase urine formation by removing excess fluid and salt from the body. This helps in reducing blood pressure and fluid overload leading to heart failure. Thus, talmakhana may help in managing high blood pressure and heart failure. Additionally, talmakhana may also help treat urinary stones. However, to support these claims in humans, more studies are required. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Talmakhana

jaundice

Though there are studies that show the benefits of talmakhana in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of talmakhana on human health.  

I read an article that suggests that Talmakhana may be used to relieve gallstones and kidney stones. The ‘ashmari’ property of Talmakhana is well known and makes Talmakhana a potential aid for managing gallstones8.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Talmakhana?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Talmakhana

The side effects of talmakhana are minimal. Ajana et al. conducted a review6 in 2013 which stated that depending on the prakriti (human constitution), few individuals can be allergic to talmakhana and can show allergic reactions characterised by a runny nose, wheezing, rashes, etc. 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to talmakhana, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Precautions to Take with Talmakhana

Consuming talmakhana is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions: 

Also Read: Ginseng: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of talmakhana with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking. 

Also Read: Psyllium Husk (Isabgol): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the talmakhana plant? 

Talmakhana is the bitter seed obtained from the plant Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees.

Is talmakhana and kokilaksha same? 

Yes, In the Unani system of medicine, the seeds of the plant Asteracantha longifolia are called talmakhana, whereas, in Ayurvedic medicine, they are called kokilaksha.

Does talmakhana benefit hair growth?  

No, there are no benefits of talmakhana for hair growth. 

What precautions must be taken when consuming talmakhana? 

It is advised to always purchase ayurvedic medicines which are assessed for their quality and efficacy. Check for the labels of these products and do not buy talmakhana seeds in loose, as these are adulterated with seeds of R.tuberosa, which is poisonous. The safety of talmakhana in elderly, children, pregnant and lactating women is not well-established. Therefore, necessary cautions must be taken. It is always advised to consult a physician if you plan to consume talmakhana.

What are the side effects of talmakhana? 

The side effects of talmakhana are minimal. Ajana et al. conducted a review7 in 2013 which stated that depending on the prakriti (human constitution), few individuals can be allergic to talmakhana and can show allergic reactions characterised by a runny nose, wheezing, rashes, etc. 

References

  1. Nagendra et al. Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees, Acanthaceae: chemistry, traditional, medicinal uses and its pharmacological activities – a review, Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. Braz. J. Pharmacogn. 20(5): Out./ Nov. 2010. Available at: https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1590/s0102-695×2010005000022 
  2. Nigam V, Mishra RK, Gupta A, Bhati MK. Pharmacognostic study, characterization of marker compounds and pharmacological review of aerial parts of Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;4(12):1127–1143. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335715529_PHARMACOGNOSTIC_STUDY_CHARACTERIZATION_OF_MARKER_COMPOUNDS_AND_PHARMACOLOGICAL_REVIEW_OF_AERIAL_PARTS_OF_HYGROPHILA_AURICULATA_SCHUMACH_HEINE
  3. Malpotra M, Garg M, Singh N, Dey Sadhu S, Chopra R, Sharma B. An overview of bioactive components and phytopharmaceutical potentials of Hygrophila auriculata – A herbaceous medicinal plant. Phytomedicine Plus. 2025;5(1):100737. doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100737. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031325000107
  4. Nawaz A, Zhang P, Li E, Gilbert RG, Sullivan MA. The importance of glycogen molecular structure for blood glucose control. iScience. 2020 Dec 16;24(1):101953. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101953. PMID: 33458612; PMCID: PMC7797522. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7797522/
  5. Ross BN, Myers JN, Muruato LA, Tapia D, Torres AG. Evaluating New Compounds to Treat Burkholderia pseudomallei Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Jun 25;8:210. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00210. PMID: 30013953; PMCID: PMC6036294. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6036294/
  6. Kshirsagar AD, Ingale KG, Vyawahare NS, Thorve VS. Hygrophila spinosa: A comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul;4(8):167-71. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70912. PMID: 22228957; PMCID: PMC3249917. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3249917/
  7. Karthik KP, Dileep A, Rajagopala S, Arun Kumar M, Dharmarajan P, Vellela J. Ayurvedic clinical decision‑making methods to predict, prevent and manage childhood allergic disorders. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2024;15(1):100857. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100857.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38237455/
  8. Sharma U, Singh S, Rani S, Mitra S, Sharma KC. Review on spermatogenic activity of Gokshuradi Churna. Sch Int J Tradit Complement Med. 2023;6(5):75–79. doi:10.36348/sijtcm.2023.v06i05.001. Available from: https://saudijournals.com/media/articles/SIJTCM_65_75-79.pdf
  9. Prashanth BK. Kokilaksha Asteracantha longifolia: uses, research, side effects, remedies [Internet]. Easy Ayurveda; 2017 Mar 7 [cited 2026 Jan 8]. Available from: https://www.easyayurveda.com/2017/03/07/kokilaksha-asteracantha-longifolia/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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What Happens To Your Lungs From Smoking? Things You Should Know

Introduction

You’ve probably heard of this disclaimer on multiple occasions – ‘smoking is injurious to health’. What you may not immediately realise is the extent of the damage smoking can cause to your health and, most directly, your lungs.

Smoking is known to be the leading cause of preventable diseases and deaths globally. Nearly all forms of lung cancer, the top cause of cancer death in both men and women, can be attributed to smoking. Tobacco and tobacco-related products can damage the lungs’ ability to supply oxygen to the body. Other substances commonly found in cigarette smoke can cause permanent lung damage, even in small amounts.

How Smoking Changes Your Lungs

A single puff of cigarette smoke contains upwards of 7,000 chemicals. Tobacco smoke contains over 70 known cancer-causing chemicals2. When you breathe these in, these toxins go deep into your lungs and can cause swelling, resulting in a host of other respiratory diseases.

Both tobacco and chemical substances found in cigarettes can change the cellular structure of the lungs. They can cause the elastic walls within the airways to break down – resulting in less functioning surface area in the lungs. Cigarettes can damage lung tissue, preventing them from functioning correctly. This can increase the risk of diseases caused by smoking, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, respiratory diseases, asthma and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)1.

Nicotine in tobacco can also damage the ability of the respiratory system to filter out dust and dirt. This can lead to toxic substances passing through, resulting in lung congestion and the ‘smoker’s cough’.

Repercussions of Long-term Smoking

A person who smokes throughout life is at high risk of developing a range of potentially fatal diseases owing to impaired lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways and excess mucus build-up. They are also prone to weakening the lungs’ clearance system, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances and causing lung irritation and damage. Further, they are also at an increased risk of lung infection, chronic bronchitis and heightened risk of asthma, along with permanent damage to air sacs3.

In the longer term, smoking is known to induce heart disease and stroke, in certain cases, it can cause ulcers of the digestive system and put smokers at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Most smokers are also likely to develop emphysema. The number of cigarettes you smoke and other lifestyle factors may impact the extent of the damage. If you’re diagnosed with either of these respiratory diseases – emphysema or chronic bronchitis, you run the risk of being diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Also Read: Does Smoking Really Affect Your Brain?

Beyond Lung Damage: Diseases Caused by Smoking

Smoking can affect a person’s health in other ways, too, harming almost every organ in the body. In most cases, it can result in a compromised immune system function, making you susceptible to many other illnesses. It can also lead to lower bone density (brittle bones), which increases the risk of broken bones and fractures. Smoking also leaves you at a higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease and stroke, along with an increased risk for cataracts (clouding of the eye lenses).

Apart from respiratory diseases, other visible disorders include an increased risk of oral cancers, gum disease and tooth loss, premature ageing of the skin, bad breath and stained teeth and an increased risk for age-related macular degeneration, which can lead to blindness. Moreover, even your wounds may take longer to heal!

Also Read: 6 Simple Exercises to Improve Your Lung Health

How Quitting Can Benefit Your Lungs

It’s never too late to quit smoking. Within days of quitting smoking, lungs begin to repair themselves. In fact, just 12 hours after you quit, the amount of carbon monoxide in your blood drops to a much healthier level. More oxygen flows to your vital organs and you will be able to breathe better. In about 10 to 15 years, your risk of developing lung cancer reduces and may even become the same as a non-smoker4.

Also Read: How to Avoid Asthma Attacks During Winter

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US); Office on Smoking and Health (US). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2010. 7, Pulmonary Diseases. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53021/

2. National Cancer Institute. Harms of Cigarette Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; reviewed 19 December 2017 [cited 2025 Sep 19]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cessation-fact-sheet

3. Varghese J, Muntode Gharde P. A Comprehensive Review on the Impacts of Smoking on the Health of an Individual. Cureus. 2023 Oct 5;15(10):e46532. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46532. PMID: 37927763; PMCID: PMC10625450. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10625450/

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Benefits of Quitting Smoking [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC; updated May 15, 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 19]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/benefits-of-quitting.html

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Almond Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Almond oil is an edible, essential oil densely packed with a variety of nutrients that are beneficial for our health. If you are looking for a versatile oil, you must try almond oil. Almond oil is plentiful as the almond trees are cultivated as wild trees in the tropical forest and the cold and temperate regions of India, the Saharan plains, Iran, Turkey and Nepal. The oil is scientifically called Oleum amygdalae. It is prepared from two varieties of Prunus dulcis almonds, sweet and bitter. It is an oil composed of glycerine and oleic acid with a mild odour and a slightly nutty taste. Production of almond oil is an important business globally. Almond oil is produced through the separation processes of extraction and expression1,2.​​ Let’s get to know more about this bountiful oil and how we can bring it to our home!

Did you know?

  • Almond oil is rich in vitamin E, which helps protect the skin from damage. source: USDA
  • It has been found that almond oil can help reduce the appearance of stretch marks. source: USDA
  • Almond oil is a good source of monounsaturated fats, which can help lower bad cholesterol levels. source: USDA
  • Studies have shown that almond oil can help improve hair health and promote hair growth. source: USDA

Nutritional Value of Almond Oil

Almond oil has an abundant source of micronutrients and macronutrients. It contains bioactive compounds such as monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherol and oleic acid. It is also enriched with alpha-tocopherol, beta-zoosterol and squalene4​.​ 

Nutritional value of Almond Oil per 100 grams3.​​

Properties of Almond Oil

Almond oil has been used in complementary medicine systems for its immense health benefits. The following are a few properties of almond oil: 

I recently read an article that says, with a high concentration of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, almond oil may assist with constipation and irritable bowel syndrome while also reducing the pace at which carbohydrates are absorbed in the stomach and improving insulin sensitivity5.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Almond Oil

The following may be the potential benefits of eating almond oil: 

1. Potential Uses of Almond Oil for Heart Health

heart

Almond oil may help reduce the chances of developing heart disease. Almond oil may have antioxidant properties, eliminating free radicals and stopping bad cholesterol formation. Recent clinical trials by Jenkins et al. done in 2022 suggest that almond oil may show that when added to a daily diet, it may significantly reduce bad cholesterol and triglycerides and increase the blood levels of good cholesterol in healthy volunteers. It might enhance dyslipidaemia and endothelial function and reduce heart disease risk2,4. However, more studies are needed to conclude the benefits of almond oil for heart health. If you have heart problems, it is advisable to consult a doctor.

2. Potential Uses of Almond Oil in Diabetes

diabeties
Image Source: freepik.com

An animal model study4 (Al-Attar et al., 2020) found that the consumption of almond oil may normalize blood glucose. It may have a blood glucose-lowering effect related to reducing glucose absorption through the gut rather than altering insulin levels. This may be because of the lipid portion of the almond oil that may help decrease glucose levels. However, there is a requirement for research on humans to ensure that almond oil benefits diabetes. If you have diabetes, consult a doctor and get proper treatment.

3. Potential Uses of Almond Oil for Skin

good for skin

Ayurveda describes many uses of almond oil for skin. Almond oil is used topically by aromatherapists, beauticians and masseuses due to its high vitamin E level. It contains oleic and linoleic acids, vitamin B and zinc that might support the nourishment of skin. A study2 done by Cantor et al. in 2006 found that almond oil may help enhance dry skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Additionally, it may help soothe and revitalise the skin, boosting its tone and complexion. However, it’s best to consult a doctor before using it instead of self-medicating. 

4. Potential Uses of Almond Oil in Cancer

cancer
Image Source: freepik.com

An animal study2,4 by Iwahashi 2001 et al. suggests that the inclusion of almond oil in a diet may help reduce the chances of colon cancer. It may have anti-proliferative effects that might control the spread of cancerous cells in the body. It might also help fight with breast cancer and colorectal cancer. The American practitioner, Cayce suggested the implementation of almond oil in the staple diet as it benefits people with colon cancer. Almond oil may also have free-radical scavenging activity that might help in cancer. More clinical studies may ascertain the benefits of almond oil for alleviating cancer in humans. 

5. Potential Uses of Almond Oil for Brain Health

brain

Almond oil may be used as a massage oil during aromatherapy. It may show a positive outcome on the quality of life of patients. According to Moradi et al., 2020,  almond oil may help reduce stress, depression, anxiety and fatigue, as well as it may improve the sleep quality of an individual. Almond oil may be enriched with omega-3 fatty acids to help enhance memory functions1,4. However, more studies are needed to develop the benefits of almond oil for brain health. If you have any brain-related symptoms, take a medical consultation for an adequate line of treatment. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Almond Oil

Image Source: freepik.com

Though studies show the potential uses of almond oil in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a necessity for further studies to develop the scope of the benefits of almond oil on human health. Additionally, each person may respond differently to these herbs. It is essential to have a doctor’s advice before using almond oil for any medical condition. 

I recently read an article suggesting that owing to the presence of several phytochemicals, including phytosterol, flavonoids, and polyphenols of phenolic acids, almond oil has shown to have antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. This property may help with cancer6.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Almond Oil?

You may use almond oil as listed below: 

You should consult a qualified doctor before having almond oil in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation of almond oil without consulting an Ayurvedic physician. They will guide you with its best form and dosage per your health condition. 

If you have a blocked ear canal due to earwax that doesn’t fall out on its own, I might suggest you try almond oil. Put 2 to 3 drops of almond oil in your ear 3 to 4 times a day for 3 to 5 days. However, it’s important to consult a doctor before trying this on your own7.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Side Effects of Almond Oil

Despite the advantages of almond oil, it may cause certain side effects. Given below are a few side effects of almond oil: 

Also Read: Badam Pisin (Almond Gum): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More

Precautions to Take with Almond Oil

Having almond oil in controlled quantities might be safe. However, its consumption in larger amounts may cause harm. Therefore, it’s mandatory to keep the following precautions in mind:  

Also Read: 7 Incredible Benefits Of Chia Seed Oil

Interactions with Other Drugs

More clinical research is required to know the interactions of almond oil with other drugs. Therefore, people should take medical advice from an Ayurvedic doctor. They will guide you toward the best way to have almond oil.

Also Read: Walnut Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the vitamins present in almond oil? 

Vitamins present in almond oil include vitamin E and vitamin K4.

What is almond oil? 

Almond oil is scientifically referred to as Oleum amygdalae. It is prepared from sweet and bitter varieties of Prunus dulcis almonds. Almond oil is prepared as a glyceryl oleate (glycerine) with a mild odour and a slightly nutty taste2.

Does almond oil reduce bad cholesterol? 

Yes. The health benefits of almond oil may be related to reducing high cholesterol levels. It may benefit heart health by decreasing bad cholesterol levels and increasing the levels of good cholesterol2.

Why should wild forms of almonds be handled with care? 

According to the Ancient Chinese, Ayurvedic and Greco-Persian Medicine systems, almond oil may be used for managing dry skin conditions such as psoriasis. Almond oil may have moisturising and emollient properties that might help enhance skin condition, thereby providing soft and healthy skin2.

References

  1. ​​Chimezie Akubude-, Egwuonwu C, Ajala O, Akubude, Olaniyan A, Ajala E, et al. Almond oil: powerhouse of nutrients Soil use patterns in Nigeria View project Biodiesel Project View project Almond oil: powerhouse of nutrients. CIGR. 2020;22(3):190–201. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vivian-Akubude-Usha/publication/345311256_Almond_oil_powerhouse_of_nutrients/links/5fa2c3aaa6fdcc06241253a8/Almond-oil-powerhouse-of-nutrients.pdf 
  2. Ahmad Z. The uses and properties of almond oil. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010;16(1):10–2. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20129403/ 
  3. FoodData Central | Oil, almond [Internet]. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2018 [cited 2022 Nov 30]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171031/nutrients 
  4. Ouzir M, Bernoussi S el, Tabyaoui M, Taghzouti K. Almond oil: A comprehensive review of chemical composition, extraction methods, preservation conditions, potential health benefits, and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021;20(4):3344–87. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34056853/ 
  5. Ahmad Z. The uses and properties of almond oil. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010 Feb;16(1):10-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.06.015. Epub 2009 Jul 15. PMID: 20129403. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20129403/
  6. Mysore V, Arghya A. Hair Oils: Indigenous Knowledge Revisited. Int J Trichology. 2022 May-Jun;14(3):84-90. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_189_20. Epub 2022 May 24. PMID: 35755964; PMCID: PMC9231528. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9231528/
  7. NHS. Earwax build-up [Internet]. NHS; 2024 Jan 05 [cited 2026 Feb 17]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/earwax-build-up/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Eucalyptus Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Aromatic herbs are being widely used, especially in rural areas. Eucalyptus is one such aromatic oil that has seen an increase in its use in developing countries. 

Eucalyptus oil, also known as nilgiri oil, is an essential oil derived from the distillation of fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus and other species like E. polybractea, E. smithii, and E. viminalis, belonging to the family Myrtaceae. This tall evergreen tree is native to Tasmania and Australia. Further, it is found in Spain, the United States, Brazil, Portugal, North and South Africa, France, Southern Europe, and India. In India, it is majorly cultivated in Punjab and Haryana. 

It is a straw-coloured or colourless fluid with a characteristic smell that may be described as camphor-like and pungent, and its taste is also said to be camphoraceous, followed by a cooling sensation. Let’s read about eucalyptus oil’s benefits and side effects1.

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Eucalyptus Oil

Eucalyptus oil is known for its wide variety of bioactive compounds. They are enlisted below: 

Chemical constituents of Eucalyptus oil1.

A total of 0.26% of eucalyptus oil constituents are unknown.  

Based on my experience, I have observed that eucalyptus oil might possess hepatoprotective properties. This means that it could potentially protect the liver from damage caused by certain toxins. It is believed to involve the presence of ursolic acid, a compound found in the leaves of Eucalyptus hybrid E. tereticomis. Ursolic acid is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its ability to protect the liver cells from damage and promote their regeneration12.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Eucalyptus Oil

Eucalyptus oil has many treasures hidden within it. Some of the properties of eucalyptus essential oil are1

In my experience, I have observed that eucalyptus oil might be beneficial for relieving spasmodic throat troubles, such as in croup. When applied externally, it may help alleviate the spasms and provide relief12.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Overall Health

The potential benefits of eucalyptus oil for your health are: 

1. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Urinary Tract Infection

urinary tract infections
Image Source: freepik.com

In a study14 done by Moreira in 2001, eucalyptus oil may help in treating urinary tract infections. It may be used in an emulsion mixture with powdered gum arabic and water. This mixture may be given as urethral injections. However, a doctor should be consulted before using nilgiri oil1.

2. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Diabetics

Home Remedies For Diabetes
Image Source: freepik.com

Eucalyptus essential oil has shown potential anti-diabetic properties. In a comparative study8 in 1998 by Gray, they observed the effects of eucalyptus for management of diabetes by partial restoration of pancreatic cells in rats. Further, Dey observed that eucalyptus citriodora showed potential anti-diabetic activity that was analogous to the standard diabetes drug Glibenclamide. Although, this won’t replace the medication prescribed by your doctor, you should consult a doctor before using eucalyptus oil for diabetes1,2.

3. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Respiratory Diseases

respiratory disease
Image Source: freepik.com

Sonker et. al in a study9 in 2017 observed that eucalyptus oil may potentially relieve symptoms of respiratory diseases. It was reported in a study that major constituents of this essential oil may relieve coughing, stimulate breathing, relax the respiratory muscles and remove mucus. Further, it may help in sore throat, runny nose, cough, cold, asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, and nasal congestion. Nilgiri oil can help in reducing the symptoms but should not be replaced with conventional treatment without consulting your doctor1.

4. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil for Wound Healing

wound healing
Image Source: freepik.com

In a study10 in 1994, Sarkar found sores, cuts, scrapes, abrasions, burns and wounds may be benefitted using eucalyptus leaf essential oil. It can be used in the form of an ointment or salve to potentially use on bug bites and stings. In a study by Sabo in 2019, extracts of eucalyptus species showed a probable reduction in the size of acetic acid-induced ulcers in rats. Therefore, it may be a possibility that eucalyptus oil can be used for wound healing. You should consult a doctor before using eucalyptus oil on your wounds1.

5. Potential Uses of Eucalyptus Oil in Pain Relief

osteoarthritis
Image Source: freepik.com

Maruyama11 in 2005 observed that aromatherapy massage potentially suppresses the inflammatory symptoms of oedema and neutrophil accumulation. This is because eucalyptus oil is volatile and hence, gets easily absorbed into the muscle and nerve. It has a property to reduce pain (analgesic). Eucalyptus may help in case of chronic pain along with conventional medication. Eucalyptus oil should not be traded for your medication without consulting your doctor1,2.

6. Other Potential Uses

Image Source: freepik.com

Other than the above-noted uses of eucalyptus, they are also some other eucalyptus oil uses and benefits, such as: 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of the eucalyptus oil in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of eucalyptus oil on human health.  

For both chemical and natural techniques, the chosen eucalyptus oil is a unique kind. An ingredient in the oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) is known to repel mosquitoes and other insects. I recommend the use of eucalyptus oil under the doctor’s supervision13.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

How to Use Eucalyptus Oil?

Eucalyptus oil may be used in a number of ways to treat different conditions. Some ways to use eucalyptus oil are:  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

One essential component of various topical analgesics is eucalyptus. These include creams, salves, sprays, and other topical painkillers that you may apply straight to your skin. From my knowledge, eucalyptus oil works by creating a cool or warm sensation that may distract you from the pain, even if it is not the primary painkiller13.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Side Effects of Eucalyptus Oil

Like most essential oils, eucalyptus oil also has many side effects. The most common eucalyptus oil side effects are:  

Also Read: The Truth about Sunflower Oil: Is it Really Bad for You?

Precautions to Take with Eucalyptus Oil

You now know that eucalyptus oil should not be consumed by itself. Some other precautions to be taken with eucalyptus oil include: 

Also Read: 6 Simple Health Benefits of Essential Oils!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Eucalyptus is generally considered safe for topical use. However, it should never be consumed orally, especially without dilution with some other ingredients. It is considered toxic when consumed orally and may interact with your medications. Eucalyptus oil may affect the metabolic activity of the liver and thus, may disrupt the metabolism of certain drugs6

If you are consuming any drug that may be metabolized by the liver, contact your general physician before using eucalyptus oil. For instance, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a medication used to treat cancer. It was observed in an animal study that when eucalyptus oil is used on the skin caused an increase in the absorption of topical 5-FU. Further, some diabetic medication also interacts with eucalyptus oil3,6.

Also Read: Tea Tree: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can you use eucalyptus oil to treat colds? 

Yes, the benefits of eucalyptus oil for cold are widely reported. It can be used via inhalation and cough drops. It has expectorant, antispasmodic and antiviral properties.  

Can eucalyptus oil be consumed orally? 

No, eucalyptus oil cannot be consumed orally, especially in large doses. It is usually consumed as a pharmaceutical product or can be used as a topical medication.  

Is eucalyptus oil safe for wound healing? 

Yes, eucalyptus oil can be used for wounds like abrasions, burns, scrapes, cuts and sores. It can be applied as a salve.

Does eucalyptus interact with other drugs? 

Yes, eucalyptus oil can interact with other drugs that get metabolized by the liver as it affects the metabolism rate in the liver. For example, 5-fluorouracil sees an increase in absorption when used topically with eucalyptus oil.  

Can children use eucalyptus oil? 

No, children under the age of one should not be administered eucalyptus oil. Children may be administered eucalyptus oil only after referring to a general physician.  

References

1. Rathva D, Parmar D, Upadhyay S, Upadhyay U. A Basic Review on Eucalyptus Oil. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 29];5(2):771–81. Available from: https://ijprajournal.com/issue_dcp/A%20Basic%20Review%20on%20Eucalyptus%20Oil.pdf?

2. Dhakad AK, Pandey V v., Beg S, Rawat JM, Singh A. Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review. J Sci Food Agric. 2018 Feb 1;98(3):833–48. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28758221/ 

3. Dey B, De J, Ghatak S, Maiti K. Chemo-profiling of eucalyptus and study of its hypoglycemic potential. Integr Med Res. 2013;2(3):101-107. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3797882/

4. Sanches Abelan U, Savassa Pinto Cacoci RPh É, Elyan Azevedo Martins T, Mansanares Giacon V, Valéria Robles Velasco M, Rosana Ribeiro de Castro Lima C, et al. Potential use of essential oils in cosmetic and dermatological hair products: A review. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;00:1–12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34129742/ 

5. Chandorkar N, Tambe S, Amin P, Madankar C. A systematic and comprehensive review on current understanding of the pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of the genus Eucalyptus. Phytomedicine Plus. 2021 Nov 1;1(4):100089. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321000713#:~:text=It%20can%20be%20concluded%20that,the%20treatment%20of%20respiratory%20disorders

6. Wang X, Zheng J, Shen Y, Ma H, Xie D. Efficacy and safety of inhaled essential oil for postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2023;11(4):e01198. doi:10.1002/prp2.1198. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10322318/

7.  Eucalyptus Oil: Important information about eucalyptus oil [Internet]. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.4843.pdf 

8. Gray AM, Flatt PR. Antihyperglycemic actions of Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus) are associated with pancreatic and extra-pancreatic effects in mice. J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2319–2323. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.12.2319. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jn/article-abstract/128/12/2319/4724260?redirectedFrom=fulltext

9. Sonker P, Verma S, Gupta P. To study the pharmacological effect and beneficial effect of Eucalyptus globulus in different types of diseases. Int J Res Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2017;6(1):81–88. doi:10.61096/ijrpp.v6.iss1.2017.81-88. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320979770_81_To_Study_the_Pharmacological_Effect_and_Beneficial_Effect_of_Eucalyptus_Globulus_in_Different_types_of_Diseases

10. Sarkar S N. Capillary permeability-increasing effect of Eucalyptus hybrid leaf and Seseli indicum seed oils in rabbit. Indian J Pharmacol. 1994;26(1):55–56. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/iphr/abstract/1994/26010/capillary_permeability_increasing_effect_of.12.aspx

11. Maruyama N, Sekimoto Y, Ishibashi H, Inouye S, Oshima H, Yamaguchi H, et al. Suppression of neutrophil accumulation in mice by cutaneous application of geranium essential oil. J Inflamm (Lond). 2005;2:1. doi: 10.1186/1476-9255-2-1. Available from: https://journal-inflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-9255-2-1

12. Kesharwani V, Gupta S, Kushwaha N, Kesharwani R, Patel DKM. A review on therapeutics application of eucalyptus oil. Int J Herb Med. 2018;6(6):110–115. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332370890_A_review_on_therapeutics_application_of_eucalyptus_oil

13. WebMD. 12 Ways to Use Eucalyptus Oil [Internet]. WebMD; 2025 [cited 2025 Nov 17]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/ss/slideshow-eucalyptus-oil-benefits-and-uses

14. Moreira MR, Cruz GMP, Lopes MS, Albuquerque AAC, Leal-Cardoso JH. Effects of terpineol on the compound action potential of the rat sciatic nerve. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001 Oct;34(10):1337-1340. doi:10.1590/s0100-879×2001001000015. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11593310/

15. Kumar KJ, Sreenivasan T, Vinayak N, Sreenivasan U. Eucalyptus oil poisoning. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2015;19(6):376-378. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4721170/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Why Is It Important To Exercise After Liposuction?

Introduction

An organized fitness and diet regimen is required to maximize the benefits of the liposuction procedure and ensure that undesired fatty deposits do not form in your body again. It is critical to understand that liposuction isn’t a forever weight loss operation but rather a method of contouring or shaping certain regions of the body. Suction is used to remove excess fat from beneath the skin and if caution is not followed, the fat will most likely return.

Why Should You Exercise After Liposuction?

In the absence of regular exercise and a nutritious, balanced diet, the fat will most certainly return. One research1 report released in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism demonstrates the dangers of not exercising after surgery. Researchers2 from the University of So Paulo selected 36 healthy but sedentary women between the ages of 20 and 35. The women weren’t obese, but they all agreed to have 2.5 to 3 pounds of abdomen fat removed via liposuction.

Six months later, half of the women had acquired fat, primarily visceral fat, which collects surrounding organs deep inside the abdomen and is known to trigger metabolic alterations that raise the risk of coronary disease and diabetes. These women accumulated 10% more visceral fat than they had previously.

The other 50 % of the patients did not gain weight since they were randomly allocated to begin exercising post-surgery. While their peers remained sedentary following liposuction, these women began a four-month training plan that included both aerobic and weightlifting three to four times each week. Not only did the fat not return, but they also had little fat in their bodies overall. They were also more physically fit and had better insulin sensitivity.

Yes, liposuction can help you look the way you’ve always desired to; however, without exercise and a balanced diet, you’ll be back to where you started.

When to Start Exercise After Liposuction?

You should expect some inflammation and water retention just after liposuction, but this should go away in two to three weeks. Doctors advise against engaging in strenuous exercise. If you get standard liposuction, then you must wait three to five weeks, based on your susceptibility to aerobic activity. It cannot be overstated that liposuction isn’t a lifelong weight loss operation and depending on which area the treatment is performed on your body, you will require an activity routine to maintain it.

Toning exercises can indeed be steadily increased between two and three weeks after surgery. It is critical for the body to recover initially to achieve the finest surgical results. After six weeks, typically, liposuction patients are comfortable enough to engage in intense activities. To keep the fat off your abdomen, you must maintain a consistent aerobic and abdominal training routine. Running, cycling, swimming and aerobics are the finest cardio activities, but there are many additional basic abdominal exercises that anyone may incorporate into their fitness program after liposuction3.

Which Exercises Can You Undertake?

You can undertake these exercises to support you in maintaining body weight after liposuction. Make sure you speak to your doctor before beginning any exercise regimen.

1. Stretching

exercise

The first step that one should take is taking a 2–6-week hiatus from any rigorous “workout-like” activity. Stay comfortable at home, rest enough, and give your body some time to adjust to the new you. Begin cautiously after a month and a half of relaxation. Start with stretches that target your core stability and your legs. It will take some time to build up your muscular resistance and flexibility. Hold the positions for longer than usual and gradually increase the time4.

2. Engage in Cardio

cardio exercise

This will help activate the limbic system. It is also vital to ease into this exercise gradually after a break of 2-3 months. Work up a sweat on the treadmill and slowly increase the pace or intensity from week to week5.

3. Mix Yoga

yoga

Yoga is an excellent technique to align your mind and body. Given your recent physical changes, getting back in sync with your body should be a top priority. Begin with slower, more meditative kinds of yoga before returning to your power yoga regimen. After surgery, you require yoga to maintain body weight, not to lose body weight6.

4. Walking and Jogging

brisk walking

You should not stay inactive for too long since fat will develop in the places you recently had it removed from. Before you hit the gym after 6-7 weeks, go on walks or jog a little to refresh your mind and help your body feel as though it’s going back to routine (do this even a week after surgery). 

5. Aerobics

walking

In the initial few days after surgery, moderate aerobic exercise (mostly walking) is advised. The essential thing to remember during recuperating is to respond to the body’s cues and not force yourself past your unique level of comfort. You may steadily resume your regimen and at the six weeks point, you’ll be able to resume maximum-impact activities like running, swimming, or outdoor cycling.

6. Resistance Exercises

resistance exercises

Resistance training that does not involve the medically treated area of the body can be undertaken as early as the second week of surgery. Resistance routines, like sit-ups, squats, etc., should be introduced into the system with utmost care and attention towards how the body reacts. If resistance training causes pain, pressure, or discharge, stop immediately and consult a doctor. Resistance workouts can be started as permitted around operative areas once incisions have healed well and bruises have faded, typically about six weeks after surgery.

Conclusion

You may be concerned that if you do not maintain your exercise routines, you may lose your strength and physical stamina. However, you must remember that exercise right after liposuction can aggravate swelling and discomfort, making recovery time even longer.

If you want to resume exercising, start with lighter workouts and avoid running, cycling, or dancing for the first month after liposuction. Instead, go for mild weight-training routines. The use of gym equipment and machines that produce pressure around the treatment region should be avoided.

Before you begin engaging in exercise, discuss with your doctor your health condition and follow his/her advice to avoid any health complications.

References

  1. Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2012 Apr;2(2):1143-211. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110025. PMID: 23798298; PMCID: PMC4241367. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4241367/
  2. Collins B. New Study Reveals Liposuction May Increase Stomach Fat for Sedentary Patients. Beth Collins, M.D. Blog [Internet]. 2016 Jul 26 [cited 2026 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.bethcollinsmd.com/blog/new-study-reveals-liposuction-may-increase-stomach-fat-for-sedentary-patients/
  3. Benatti FB, Lira FS, Oyama LM, do Nascimento CM, Lancha AH Jr. Strategies for reducing body fat mass: effects of liposuction and exercise on cardiovascular risk factors and adiposity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2011;4:141-54. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S12143. Epub 2011 Apr 20. PMID: 21779146; PMCID: PMC3138146. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3138146/
  4. Dhami LD. Liposuction. Indian J Plast Surg. 2008 Oct;41(Suppl):S27-40. PMID: 20174540; PMCID: PMC2825130. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2825130/
  5. Nielsen B, Nybo L. Cerebral changes during exercise in the heat. Sports Med. 2003;33(1):1–11. doi:10.2165/00007256-200333010-00001. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10995705_Cerebral_Changes_During_Exercise_in_the_Heat
  6. Woodyard C. Exploring the therapeutic effects of yoga and its ability to increase quality of life. Int J Yoga. 2011 Jul;4(2):49-54. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.85485. PMID: 22022122; PMCID: PMC3193654. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3193654/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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All You Need To Know About A Nebuliser!

Introduction

With an increase in the number of people suffering from different diseases affecting the lungs, nebulisers have gained more popularity due to their benefits. Nebulisers are extremely helpful devices for people suffering from different conditions of the lungs, e.g. infections of the lungs, COPD, cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia etc. While most people are familiar with the concept of an inhaler, nebulisers are slowly catching on. Nebulisers must be used as prescribed by a doctor1. These devices can also help to deliver salt water mist (medical grade) to airways in order to loosen the mucous plugs and ease expectoration( coughing out mucous). In this article, we discuss what a nebulizer is, what it does and why you should consider one.

What is a Nebuliser?

A nebuliser is a small portable device that runs electronically, turning liquid medication into a mist. The patient then needs to breathe in the aerosol thus created through a mouthpiece. The mist, when inhaled, travels directly to the lungs, ensuring better absorption of the medication and a more effective outcome of your ongoing treatment. 

The nebuliser has four major parts:

The nebuliser machine functions by forcing air through the nebuliser chamber, wherein the liquid medication needs to be poured2. This forced air turns the medicine into a mist that comes out through the mouthpiece or the mask by making its way through the connected tube. The medication should be inhaled for about 10-15 minutes or until the medication has evaporated completely. This instruction will be given to you by your doctor.

What is it Used for?

A nebuliser can be recommended to you by your doctor in case your respiratory condition is of severe nature. The machine helps to clear the airways effectively and fast because the liquid medication directly reaches the lungs and acts better. A nebuliser is helpful in the following ways3:

Cleaning the non disposable nebuliser masks and nebuliser as per company guidelines is very important in long term usage as colonization of bacteria in the nebulisers are very common.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

Types of Nebulisers in the Market

The two most common types of nebulisers .available on the market are:

If you have a disposable nebulizer, discard it after one time use. If you have a reusable nebulizer, clean it after each use and try to remove the moisture as much as possible.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Why Should You Know About the PharmEasy Nebuliser

While there are many brands selling nebulisers in the market, the PharmEasy Nebuliser (PEN-002) can also be a good choice for you if you are on the lookout for affordable, safe and accurate medical devices. The PharmEasy Nebuliser has been designed with the latest RespiRight technology that atomises liquid medication into five types of particles. This ensures that the medication not only reaches the lungs effectively, minimising wastage but travels quickly, within minutes!

The device is also easy to handle, easy to clean and comes with a child and paediatric mask. The PharmEasy Nebuliser has received FDA approval and is known for its ability to help people with respiratory conditions such as COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic cough and many others. If you have someone in your family who suffers from chronic respiratory trouble, you can speak to a doctor and consider investing in the PharmEasy Nebuliser. The device is affordable, convenient to use and suitable for people of all ages.

Conclusion

For the safety and well-being of your loved ones who suffer from respiratory conditions, talk to your doctor about having a nebuliser in the house and the medicines that can be used with it. At home- nebulisers can come to your aid if the problem worsens or requires frequent nebulisation. Breathing difficulty should not be ignored. Always consult a doctor for the diagnosis of the condition and follow the treatment prescribed. 

References

  1. Talwar D, Ramanathan R, Lopez M, Hegde R, Gogtay J, Goregaonkar G. The emerging role of nebulization for maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at home. Lung India. 2021 Mar-Apr;38(2):168-173. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_68_20. PMID: 33687012; PMCID: PMC8098903. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8098903/
  2. Wang B, Wang L, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Qinglai T, Yang X, Xiao Z, Lei L, Li S. Pulmonary inhalation for disease treatment: Basic research and clinical translations. Mater Today Bio. 2024 Jan 22;25:100966. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100966. PMID: 38318475; PMCID: PMC10840005. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10840005/
  3. Longest W, Spence B, Hindle M. Devices for Improved Delivery of Nebulized Pharmaceutical Aerosols to the Lungs. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2019 Oct;32(5):317-339. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2018.1508. Epub 2019 Jul 9. PMID: 31287369; PMCID: PMC6781258. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6781258/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability, or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation of the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Food For People With Gall Bladder Stones

What are Gall Bladder Stones?

The gall bladder is an organ on the right side of the abdomen and is located below the liver. It stores the digestive juice (bile) secreted by your liver, which is then released into the small intestine to help break down fats. Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones, which are solid deposits formed in the gall bladder. These occur in a range of sizes and can be single or multiple in number.  

The symptoms of gall bladder stones may include abdominal pain, indigestion, back pain, fever, and vomiting1. In case you experience any of these symptoms for over a few hours or repeatedly, consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.  

Remember, diet can play an important role in managing the symptoms of many conditions, including gall bladder stones. So, what should you eat and what foods should you avoid when you have gall bladder stones? 

As a doctor, I advise individuals with gallstones to incorporate foods rich in vitamin B and iron into their diet. Some examples may include whole grains, dark leafy greens like spinach and kale, and sea vegetables. These nutrient-rich foods may provide essential vitamin B and iron, which are important for maintaining overall health. 

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Foods that You Should Eat

A healthy diet may not help to fight all the symptoms of gall bladder stones or save you from surgery; however, it may help avoid worsening of the symptoms. This article aims to provide a guideline on what foods you should include in your diet to help reduce the stress on your gall bladder. We recommend consulting a doctor and a nutritionist for an appropriate meal plan. 

1. Plant-based Foods

plant based foods

It is common knowledge that plant-based foods such as fruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients, which are essential for the body to stay healthy and functional. They also provide an ample amount of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These antioxidants help remove toxins and free radicals produced by natural processes and processed food. A build-up of toxins can break down the body’s natural balance and cause cell damage. Plant-based foods offer the nutrition needed to get better and help reduce the stress on the digestive system2. Another advantage is that plant-based foods decrease the risk of cholesterol, which may help manage gallbladder stones associated with cholesterol. 

As a piece of advice that I consistently offer to patients with gallstones, I recommend basing their meals on starchy carbohydrates such as bread, pasta, rice, and potatoes. By focusing on these wholesome carbohydrates, individuals with gallstones may create a nourishing and gallstone-friendly diet that promotes good health that contributes to a better you9!

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

2. Lean Protein

lean-protein

Including a source of protein that is low in saturated fat might help lower the levels of bad cholesterol in our bodies. Red meat, a good source of protein, is high in fat, which can put stress on the gall bladder. Thus, choosing lean protein sources might help you manage the symptoms of gall bladder stones. Some common options are: 

You should avoid dairy products and also processed meats as they generally have higher salt content. According to a study published in the database of the National Institutes of Health, a higher intake of vegetable protein might help lower the risk of gall bladder conditions3

Based on my personal experience, I have found a great way to add more fruits to a gallstone-friendly diet. I recommend including fruits like bananas, berries, or a handful of dried fruit in your breakfast cereal. By doing so, you may enjoy a delicious and nutritious start to your day while ensuring you incorporate the benefits of fruits into your diet.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

3. Fibre-rich Foods

fibre rich diet

Fibre is essential for good digestive health and enhances the movement of food through our gut. Thus, fibre-rich foods help lower the production of secondary bile acids, which can help decrease the stress on the gall bladder. According to a study published in the National Library of Medicine, a high-fibre diet helped decrease the production of biliary sludge (thick bile that can form gallstones)4. An increase in the amount of this sludge means an increase in the risk of gall bladder diseases. Thus, people who follow a fibre-rich diet might be at a reduced risk of gallbladder stones. It also suggests that a fibre-rich diet might offer relief to people affected with gall bladder stones. Some sources of fibre are:- 

4. Vitamin C

vitamin c

According to a hospital case study published by the National Library of Medicine, vitamin C, magnesium, and folate can help reduce the risk of gall bladder diseases and improve your gall bladder health5. Some sources high in vitamin C are:- 

As part of a gallstone-friendly diet, I may suggest incorporating healthy fats such as fish oil. It may help support the regular contraction and emptying of the gallbladder8

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Foods You Should Avoid

Now that we know about what foods we should include in our diet for a healthy gall bladder, let us look at foods we should avoid. 

1. Refined Bread and Carbohydrates

refined breads

Unrefined carbohydrates are considered to be healthy and some sources, like whole grains and cereals, can provide essential nutrients. However, refined carbohydrates are more difficult to digest and may increase the risk of gall bladder diseases6. Some carbohydrates that you need to steer clear of are:- 

2. Saturated and Trans Fats

processed meats

The bile produced in the gall bladder helps dissolve fats. However, it is difficult to break down saturated and trans fats, which may add to the stress on the gall bladder2. Some major sources of unhealthy fats are:- 

Some Tips for Fast Recovery After Gall Bladder Removal

small quantity food

Despite taking precautions, in some cases, the gallbladder may still need to be removed. Removal of the gall bladder does not have any serious adverse effects on the body’s digestive system. However, other body systems will take time to adjust, during which the individual must make certain dietary changes to accommodate the body’s condition. Some common tips include:- 

Always be sure to consult your doctor if you have nausea and pain. 

Also Read: Top Non Dairy Calcium Rich Foods to Add to Your Daily Diet

Conclusion

The management of gall bladder stones primarily depends on adopting a balanced, plant-based diet with lean proteins, fibre-rich foods, and adequate vitamin C. Removing refined carbohydrates and unhealthy fats from your diet may help you avoid further stone formation. After gall bladder removal, eating smaller, lighter meals and allowing your digestive system time to adjust may help support faster recovery and long-term digestive health. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What can you eat when you have gallbladder stones? 

It is important to adopt a diet that puts less stress on the digestive system and is rich in fibre to help promote digestion. Refer to the article for detailed guidelines. 

What should I avoid eating with gallstones? 

Avoid oily and deep-fried foods. Anything that triggers indigestion or bloating must be avoided.  

What can I drink with gallstones? 

Some common drinks that you can safely consume while you have gallstones are apple cider vinegar, apple juice, peppermint tea, turmeric tea, buttermilk and water. You should avoid drinks like caffeine that can further upset your digestive system. 

What is the fastest way to relieve gall bladder pain? 

The best way to get rid of pain due to gallbladder stones is by the surgical removal of the gallbladder. Other ways can be the medicines advised by your doctor. 

References

  1. Jones MW, Weir CB, Marietta M. Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; [cited 2025 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/ 
  2. Naseri K, Saadati S, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Hekmatdoost A, Sadeghi A, Sobhani SR, Abhari K, Bahrami A, Rahimi Sakak F, Jamshidfar N, Zali M. Healthy Dietary Pattern Reduces Risk of Gallstones: Results of a Case-Control Study in Iran. Int J Prev Med. 2022 Apr 8;13:66. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35706852/
  3. Lander EM, Wertheim BC, Koch SM, Chen Z, Hsu CH, Thomson CA. Vegetable protein intake is associated with lower gallbladder disease risk: Findings from the Women’s Health Initiative prospective cohort. Prev Med. 2016 Jul;88:20-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27009631/ 
  4. Tehrani AN, Saadati S, Yari Z, Salehpour A, Sadeghi A, Daftari G, Ghorbani M, Hekmatdoost A. Dietary fiber intake and risk of gallstone: a case-control study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023 Apr 11;23(1):119. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10091554/ 
  5. Walcher T, Haenle MM, Kron M, Hay B, Mason RA, Walcher D, Steinbach G, Kern P, Piechotowski I, Adler G, Boehm BO, Koenig W, Kratzer W; EMIL study group. Vitamin C supplement use may protect against gallstones: an observational study on a randomly selected population. BMC Gastroenterol. 2009 Oct 8;9:74. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2763865/ 
  6. Thornton JR, Emmett PM, Heaton KW. Diet and gall stones: effects of refined and unrefined carbohydrate diets on bile cholesterol saturation and bile acid metabolism. Gut. 1983 Jan;24(1):2-6. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1419917/ 
  7. Wu W, Pei Y, Wang J, et al. Association of dietary quality indicators with gallstones in the US: NHANES 2017–2020. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:976. Available from: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-025-21783-8 
  8. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Eating, Diet, & Nutrition for Gallstones [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): NIDDK; [cited 2025 Nov 06]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/eating-diet-nutrition
  9. Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Dietary advice for patients with gallstones or inflammation of the gallbladder [Internet]. Cambridge: CUH NHS FT; [cited 2025 Nov 06]. Available from: https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/dietary-advice-for-patients-with-gallstones/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes. 

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Exercises for Hernia. Dos and Don’ts

Introduction

Hernias are caused when a weakness in the muscle or tissue of the body allows an internal part of the body to push through1. Typically, a hernia occurs between the chest and the hips. There are few or no symptoms initially. However, you may notice swelling or a lump in your belly (abdomen) or groin. 

Types of Hernia

3 of the most common types of hernia are:

Exercising with Hernia. Safe or Not?

Exercise can be safe for some people with hernias. It may be safe to exercise with a hernia, but caution should be taken. To prevent additional stress on your hernia, focus on activities that won’t strain that area. It is not recommended to perform exercises or lift routines that strain or pull the abdominal area when suffering from abdominal hernias. Nevertheless, there are several exercises to avoid. Working out safely begins by knowing which exercises to avoid.

Furthermore, working out with a qualified personal trainer or an accredited physiotherapist is recommended. The trainer or physiotherapist can help you with safe exercises. Consult your doctor before exercising when you have been diagnosed with a hernia or are recovering after a hernia operation.

Benefits of Exercise for Hernia

Some evidence is that exercise or yoga can help with or speed up the healing process after Hernia surgery. Exercise and yoga are recommended by physicians and physical therapists for a healthy lifestyle. Understanding the right exercises and the time to begin them from your doctor is important.

Exercises to Cope with Inguinal Hernia

1. Pillow Squeeze

pillow squeeze

Use the thigh muscles during Pillow Squeeze. Begin by lying flat on the floor and bending your knees. Inhale deeply while holding a pillow between your knees. As you exhale, squeeze the pillow gently with both knees. Make sure to repeat this exercise 20 times daily.

2. Shoulder Bridge

shoulder bridge

Keeping your knees in the same position, exhale while sitting with a pillow between them. Lift your waist and rest your arms on the floor to provide support. Try to stay as straight as possible from your shoulders to your knees. Take in as much air as you can. Sit with a pillow between your knees and return to the initial position. Repeat 20 times daily.

3. Stretching the Hamstring Muscles

stretching hamstring muscle

Bend your knees and lie down flat on the floor. Your head and chin should be at the same level. Then, raise one leg up, keeping the other leg bent. Try wrapping a towel around your foot and pulling the lifted leg towards yourself. Try to stretch your hamstring muscles until they feel a bit stretched. Hold that position for at least 30 seconds. Then go back to the starting position. Perform this exercise 10 times a day with each leg.

4. Opening the Knee

roll your hips

Keep your knees bent and inhale as you lie flat on the floor. As you exhale, open one knee sideways. Bring it as close to the floor as possible. Now bring the knee back. Proceed in the same manner with the other knee. Do this five times per day. Maintain a straight body position during the exercise.

5. Roll Your Hips

opening the knee

Keeping your feet apart, bend your knees in the same position. Inhale as you hold your arms straight out in front of you. Inhale slowly as you roll over your hips on your right side. Bend both knees sideways. Do the same on the other side. Repeat this exercise ten times a day, then increase to 20.

Exercises that are Good for Hiatal Hernia

1. Chair Position

The pose helps strengthen the lower body and core. Keep your feet close together. Put your hands over your head while pressing your knees together. You should keep your thighs parallel to the floor by bending the knees as much as possible. Return to the starting position after holding the stretch as long as possible.

2. Bridge Position

Strengthen the muscles in your stomach with this exercise. With both feet flat on the floor, lie on your back with the knees bent. Keep the shoulders down and lift the lower back off the floor. Remain in this position for as long as possible before returning to your starting position.

3. Diaphragmatic breathing

diaphragm breathing

It strengthens the diaphragm and can benefit people affected by Hiatal hernias5. You can either sit up or lie down. One hand should go on the stomach, the other on the chest. Take a deep breath through your nose, focusing on your stomach as it rises. Focus on lowering the stomach as you breathe out through pursed lips. Repeat this a few times.  

Exercises that are Good for Umbilical Hernia

1. Cycling in the Air

cycling in the air

Strengthen your lower abdominal muscles by cycling your legs in the air. Lay on a slant board. You can remove excess pressure from your head and feet while exercising with slant boards. You can do bicycle leg exercises on your slant board by lifting your legs towards your chest. Stabilise yourself by holding your sides while pedalling your legs. Perform these exercises in 10 to 15-minute sessions three times every week.

2. Stretching

It is vital to maintain a flexible abdomen to reduce the risk of hernias. Keep your knees straight while you lie flat on the floor. Keeping your back firmly on the ground, bend your legs on each side and try to touch the surface. Keep the posture in place for 5-10 seconds, then return to your starting position. Repeat the exercise on the opposite side. You should perform this stretch daily. Stretching your abdominal muscles increases their flexibility, making them less likely to weaken under pressure.

3. Correct Your Breathing

Any exercise should be performed with correct breathing. Take deep breaths from your abdomen rather than your chest. It helps release abdominal pressure by lifting the diaphragm. Your back should be on the ground. One hand should be placed on your chest, and the other on your belly. Let air enter your abdomen as you breathe through your nose. You should raise your lower hand instead of the hand on your chest as you breathe in.

Exercises To Do After Your Hernia Surgery

To be done only after discussing with the surgeon:

1. Deep Breathing

deep breathing

In the aftermath of surgery, it is normal to feel some pain. In particular, after abdominal surgery, deep breathing can be quite painful, which makes people breathe very shallowly. Sometimes, the inability to expand the lungs properly can lead to infections in the bottom of the lungs. You should therefore take a few conscious deep breaths throughout the day. You should also use controlled coughing to rid yourself of phlegm or sputum. To aid in coughing and clearing the lungs properly, you can hold a pillow or towel near the surgical wound to provide some support.

2. Walking

walking

Walking around after hernia surgery is a highly recommended exercise to enhance the speed of your recovery. By doing so, you encourage your circulation to run smoothly and encourage your gut to keep working. It is important for patients to walk a little after surgery and increase the distance after recovery. Walking helps speed up recovery and prevents infection and blood clots.

3. Leg Exercises

streching

Leg exercises provide you with the strength to keep your legs mobile and prevent blood clots by keeping the circulation moving. Repeat each exercise several times to start with and increase repetitions as you get stronger.

4. Abdominal Exercises

Your core muscles will be strengthened, thus reducing the risk of hernias:

Also Read: Is It Possible to Increase Penis Size? Myths vs. Medical Facts

Exercises to Avoid After Hernia Surgery

Certain exercises and activities should be avoided after your hernia surgery or if you have a hernia: 

Also Read: 6 Best Yoga Poses & Exercises To Deal With Piles

Conclusion

When exercising with a hernia, keep certain tips in mind to make sure you remain safe. One of the most important steps is to avoid the exercises listed above. As part of your exercise routine, make sure that you include aerobic exercises, glute bridges and postural strengthening exercises.

Be sure not to overdo it. You should be gentle with yourself until your hernia has recovered. If you do it correctly, exercise will help you manage your hernia better and prepare you for surgery if necessary. After surgery, it is definitely an important part of your prevention plan

You always run the risk of worsening hernias when you begin exercising. Hence, patients must seek treatment for a hernia before participating in intense exercise. Every person is different therefore, it is mandatory to discuss with your doctor the right time to begin exercises and the type of exercise one should engage in.

Also Read: Food Choices for Hernia: What to Eat and Avoid

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is it okay to exercise with a hernia?

It is safe to exercise with a hernia, however, there may be risks to making your hernia worse. If done correctly, exercise can help you cope with your hernia better6. Ensure to be careful and not overdo your exercises or perform any strenuous exercises. Consult your doctor before doing any exercise.

Does a hernia get worse with exercise?

The benefits of exercise may help you manage many chronic health conditions and alleviate the symptoms of a hernia. However, you must be careful, as some exercises can cause strain on your affected area and may worsen your hernia.

What activities should be avoided with a hernia?

Core exercises such as crunches, planks, sit-ups and some pilates, in other words, exercises that are more advanced, should be avoided. Performing heavy lifting exercises, including deadlifts and squats, at a high intensity, can result in your hernia getting worse. In addition, avoid sports with high impact or contact. Avoid bending down and lifting anything heavy at home.

Is walking good for Hernia?

Yes, walking is a highly recommended exercise for a person suffering from a Hernia. You can go for short walks unless advised otherwise by your doctor.

References

  1. Website N. Hernia. nhs.uk. 2025 [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hernia/ 
  2. Healthdirect Australia. Hernias. Types, Causes and Who’s at Risk | Healthdirect. [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hernias 
  3. Smith RE, Sharma S, Shahjehan RD. Hiatal Hernia. StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562200/ 
  4. Tripathi PP. A Systematic Review on the Effect of Physiotherapy in Mild cases of umbilical hernia. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2023 [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPCR/15/IJPCR,Vol15,Issue10,Article286.pdf 
  5. Zdrhova L, Bitnar P, Balihar K, Kolar P, Madle K, Martinek M, et al. Breathing Exercises in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic review. Dysphagia. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9888515/ 
  6. Delgado JLG, Pagola GR, Barea FJP, Madueño AF, Arteaga AS, Corrales YBS. Physical Activity and Exercise Interventions in Abdominal wall hernia Patients: Impact on Quality of Life and Health Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385916927_Physical_Activity_and_Exercise_Interventions_in_Abdominal_Wall_Hernia_Patients_Impact_on_Quality_of_Life_and_Health_Outcomes_-_A_Systematic_Review_and_Meta-Analysis 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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