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Atibala: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More

Introduction

Atibala, scientifically called Abutilon Indicum (Linn.), belongs to the Malvaceae family. It is known as Country mallow in English, Kanghi in Hindi, and Atibala in Sanskrit. It’s a perennial shrub that grows up to 3 meters tall¹. 

The plant can be found in India, Sri Lanka, America’s tropical regions, and Malesia. It grows as a weed in sub-Himalayan areas, up to 1200 meters in elevation, and in hotter portions of India¹. 

Nutritional Benefits of Atibala

Abutilon Indicum (Linn) also known as atibala is a medicinal plant used in our Traditional System of Medicine to address various health problems¹.

Whole plant: Mucilaginous compounds, asparagines, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids are found throughout the plant. 

Atibala contains various essential oils like α-pinene, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, endesmol, farnesol, borenol, geraniol, geranyl acetate, elemene, and α-cineole².  

Uses of Atibala

• Atibala acts as a demulcent, aphrodisiac, laxative, diuretic, and sedative.  
• It has been used to treat inflammation, piles, gonorrhoea, and boost immunity.  
• Aphrodisiac, anti-diabetic, antipyretic, anthelmintic, nerve tonic, and diuretic are properties of the root and bark. It may be useful in treating haematuria and leprosy. 
• Seeds: Urinary problems may be treated using seeds. The seeds are also used as a laxative in piles and as a remedy for cough. Puerperal sickness and chronic dysentery can also be treated with the seeds from this plant. 
• According to the Chinese in Hong Kong, the seeds are used as an emollient and demulcent.  
• The juice from its leaves has been used to make an ointment to help heal ulcers quickly.  
• Its extract is also used to treat bronchitis, diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, and bladder inflammation and reduce fever. 
• Atibala can also be used to clean wounds as well as to treat vaginal infections and as an enema³.

The Atibala plant has been used for its variety of medicinal properties since ancient times. It has shown positive effects on fever, allergy, bloody dysentery, etc. The Atibala tree’s bark is highly beneficial in tending to urinary complaints. Leaves of the Atibala tree work wonderfully on toothache, piles, and all kinds of inflammations.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Benefits of Atibala

1. Benefits of Atibala for Kidneys

• Atibala may aid in the prevention of diuresis.
• This is because it increases the amount of urine produced and excreted.
• This increases urine sodium loss while not affecting the intrinsic potassium-sparing action⁴.

2. Benefits of Atibala for Arthritis

• Atibala may help manage the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
• It has analgesic and anti-inflammatory qualities.
• It also helps to minimize joint inflammation.
• Abutilon Indicum offers considerable protection against protein denaturation and RBC membrane damage caused by hypotonic saline⁴.

3. Benefits of Atibala for Diarrhoea

• Atibala may be beneficial for diarrhoea as it possesses anti-diarrheal properties.
• In addition, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and slows the contraction of intestinal muscles.
• This helps prevent stomach aches, pain, and loose or watery stools⁴.

4. Benefits of Atibala for Epilepsy and Seizures

• Atibala may be useful in the treatment of seizures.
• It contains linoleic acid and/or flavonoid components, which have anticonvulsant properties and prevent muscles from contracting involuntarily⁴.

5. Benefits of Atibala for Skin

• Atibala has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial qualities that may aid wound healing.
• Atibala has ingredients that aid in wound contraction and closure, as well as skin cell regeneration.
• It also helps to promote wound healing by lowering the risk of infection at the wound site⁴. 

6. Benefits of Atibala for Diabetes

• Insulin sensitivity is improved by using Atibala.
• In addition, Atibala’s ability to regulate adipocyte development and increase glucose utilization may make it useful for lowering insulin resistance⁴.

7. Benefits of Atibala for Female Reproductive System

• The herb Abutilon Indicum has anti-oestrogenic properties.
• It was discovered that it suppressed enzyme activity and the uterotropic response induced by oestrogen⁴.

8. Benefits of Atibala for Immunity

• Atibala leaves may have immunomodulatory properties.
• It boosts antibody production in the blood and neutralizes infections.
• This aids in the improvement of the immune system⁴.

9. Benefits of Atibala for Infections

• In the case of Gram-positive bacteria, the extract of Abutilon Indicum was found to be most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Bacillus sublitis.
• In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, the extract was most effective against Escherichia coli, which showed the largest zone of inhibition, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the ethanolic extract had a lot of antifungal activity against Candida albicans⁴.

10. Benefits of Atibala for Respiratory System

• Dried aerial parts of Abutilon Indicum help alleviate the frequent bronchial asthma-like symptoms: dyspnea, cough, chest tightness and wheezing.
• It was also found to improve pulmonary function in patients with mild to severe bronchial asthma, as evaluated by forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)⁴.

In Unani medicine, the seeds of Atibala trees are used as a tonic and used for the management of bronchitis, chest troubles, piles, and gonorrhoea. The smoke of its seeds on charcoal is used to treat threadworms in children’s rectum. Similarly, its root has many health benefits and is used as a cooling medicine, laxative, pulmonary sedative, demulcent and diuretic.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Atibala?

• The leaves and seeds can be crushed with water to make a paste . 
• The leaves can be used as a paste, juice or as a whole as well. 
• A blend of leaf powder and wheat flour can also be used.  
• A fruit decoction combined with ammonium chloride can be taken orally with water. 
• Seed powder is taken orally with water. 
• The plant’s roots can be used in the form of powder.  
• Root infusion can also be used⁵.

Your doctor will prescribe you the appropriate form based on your individual needs.

Side Effects of Atibala

Atibala is safe to use and shows no side effects or toxicity in humans⁶.

Also Read: Kutki: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects by Dr. Rajeev Singh  

Precautions to Take with Atibala

• Avoid using concomitantly with antidiabetic drugs as it may cause hypoglycemia. 
• Use with caution along with diuretic medicines⁴.
• No studies are available on usage of atibala in pregnant, or lactating mothers. 
• There is no study available on safety of atibala in use for children. 

Also Read: 6 Ayurvedic Science-Backed Benefits Of Moringa!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Reference

1. Gautam V, Aslam P, Bharti K, Singhai AK. IJRPC 2013, 3(1) Vadnere Gautam et al ABUTILONS INDICUM LINN: A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW. Available from: https://ijrpc.com/files/24-331.pdf

2. Sharma, A. & Sharma, R.A. & Singh, H.. (2013). Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Abutilon Indicum L. sweet: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 20. 120-127. Available from: https://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v20-1/20.pdf

3. Khadabadi, Somashekhar & Bhajipale, N.S.. (2010). A review on some important medicinal plants of Abutilon spp. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological, and Chemical Sciences. 1. 718-729. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286712315_A_review_on_some_important_medicinal_plants_of_Abutilon_spp

4. Raja, Ramasubramania & Kailasam, Koumara. (2015). Abutilon indicum L (Malvaceae)-Medicinal Potential Review. Pharmacognosy Journal. 7. 330-332. 10.5530/pj.2015.6.2. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281563912_Abutilon_indicum_L_Malvaceae-Medicinal_Potential_Review

5.  Mohite M S, Shelar P A, Raje V N., Babar S. J., Sapkal R. K.. Review on Pharmacological Properties of Abutilon indicum. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2(4): Oct. – Dec. 2012; Page 156-160.  Available from: https://asianjpr.com/ShowPDF_Paper.aspx

6. Pingale, S.S. & Virkar, P.S.. (2011). Evaluation of acute toxicity for Abutilon indicum. 3. 37-42. Available from: https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/evaluation-of-acute-toxicity-for-abutilon-indicum.pdf

Disclaimer:The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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2

Ashwagandharishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Ashwagandharishta is an Ayurvedic polyherbal preparation known for its varied potential uses. Ashwagandharishta is widely used in the branch of Rasayana, which lengthens lifespan and rejuvenates the body. The name Ashwagandharishta comes from its chief ingredient Ashwagandha, a herb¹.

Ingredients of Ashwagandharishta

The list of ingredients of Ashwagandharishta are: 

• The roots of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)  
• Kali musali (Curculigo orchioides)  
• The roots of Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) 
• Haritaki (Terminalia chebula)  
• Haridra (Curcuma longa)  
• Daruharidra (Berberis aristata)  
• The roots of Yasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra)  
• The roots of Rasna (Alpinia chinensis)  
• Vidari (Pueraria tuberosa)  
• The bark of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna)  
• The rhizomes of Mustaka (Cyperus rotundus)  
• Trivrt (Ipomoea turpethum)  
• Svet Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus)  
• Krisna sariva (Ichnocarpus frutescens) 
• Svet Chandan (Santalum album)  
• Rakta Chandan (Pterocarpus santalinus)  
• Vacha (Acorus calamus)  
• Chitraka (Plumbago zeyleynica)  
• Dhataki (Woodfordia floribunda)  
• Sonth (Zingiber officinalis)  
• Marica (Piper nigrum) 
• Pippali (Piper longum)  
• The inner bark of Tvak (Cinnamomum zeyleynicum)  
• Tejpatra (Cinnamomum tamala)  
• Priyangu (Callicarpa microphylla) 
• Elaichi (Eletteria cardamomum)  
• stamens of Nagakesara (Mesua ferrea)  
• Madhu (Honey)  
• Water for decoction¹. 

Potential Uses of Ashwagandharishta

Ashwagandharishta is a well-known Ayurvedic remedy with immense potential uses. The roots of Ashwagandha are used as an adaptogen in both Ayurveda and Unani medicine². Some of the key medicinal qualities of Ashwagandharishta are: 

• Neuroprotective² 
• Memory-boosting² 
• Hematopoietic² 
• Sleep-stimulating² 
• Anxiolytic² 
• Antioxidant² 
• Cardioprotective³ 
• Anti-Hyperlipidaemic⁴ 
• Anti-inflammatory
• Collagenase inhibitor
• Antimicrobial
• Anticonvulsant
• Antidepressant
• Anti-epileptic 
• Removal of sodium and potassium in urine¹ 

Did you know that the fermentation process known as “Asava-Arishta” is used to make Ashwagandharishta. In this method, the herbs are soaked in water or a decoction with honey or jaggery, and then they are fermented for a predetermined amount of time. The medicinal qualities of the herbs are enhanced by this fermentation¹⁰.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Ashwagandharishta

1. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Diuresis

• High Blood pressure (hypertension) and oedema associated with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome (kidney disorder) and liver cirrhosis are generally handled by diuresis therapy⁸. 
• Ashwagandharishta is one of the excellent Ayurvedic remedies proven to help manage this disorder in laboratory settings.
• It is proven to be equivalent to the allopathic drug furosemide, a diuretic medication available in the market.
• Ashwagandharishta may be able to remove excess fluids by increasing the excretion of urine and removal of excess sodium, potassium, or chloride in such patients.
• Further studies are required to prove the efficacy in humans, but the studies so far have been promising¹.

2. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Heart

• Heart attack is a fatal outcome of an imbalance between the coronary blood supply and demand.
• Ashwagandharishta can protect the heart muscles owing to its antioxidant properties.
• Ashwagandharishta can reduce serum cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, subsequently increasing the HDL.
• The accumulation of LDL and triglycerides on the arteries and aorta is the primary cause of heart attack, which may be prevented by using Ashwagandharishta³.                                                 

3. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Gastric Ulcer

• Ashwagandharishta may be effective in relieving the symptoms of gastric ulcers.
• It can significantly reduce the total secretion of acid and protect the gastric mucosa lining⁷.
• Ashwagandharishta is also used for enhancing the power of digestion and preventing fainting due to weakness⁶

4. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Cholesterol

• Ashwagandharishta consists of the roots of ashwagandha that are very efficient in reducing low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol), triglycerides and total cholesterol.
• In addition, it can also increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol).
• Further investigations are necessary to prove the efficacy in humans⁵.

5. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Memory disorders

• Ashwagandharishta can be helpful in memory disorder therapies due to its use as an anti-depressant.
• In Ayurvedic therapy, Ashwagandharishta is used in psychiatric disorders like epilepsy, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, sluggishness, dullness, and other memory-related disorders⁴.
• The roots of ashwagandha are very efficient in promoting memory, attention and concentration.
• Therefore, Ashwagandharishta may be used to manage the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s⁹.
• Ashwagandharishta works by boosting neurotransmission, synaptic flexibility, and acts as an anti-depressant.
• It may be used to prevent stress and anxiety⁶. 

6. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Longevity

• Ashwagandharishta is an Ayurvedic tonic known to stimulate health and long life.
• It can prevent the ageing process and rejuvenate the body.
• It helps the body preserve and maintain energy throughout the day and enables good sleep which helps one feel re-energized the next day.
• It can also improve the haemoglobin levels by increasing the red blood count in adults.
• In children, it is used to promote growth^6,9. 

7. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta for Stress and Anxiety

• The anti-stress property of the Ashwagandharishta makes it an excellent remedy to improve mental well-being in obese and overweight adults.
• It can reduce stress and improve eating behaviours while sustaining the endocrinological balance. 
• It is also found that the roots of Ashwagandha can significantly reduce the levels of stress hormone and improve the quality of sleep².

According to Ayurveda, Ashwagandharishta might help in reducing stress and anxiety by balancing the Vata and Pitta doshas. The Vata and Pitta are said to be involved in maintaining the energy flow and various bodily functions. Additionally, Ashwagandha, one of the major ingredients of Ashwagandharishta is said to have adaptogenic properties that can help in reducing stress and anxiety^11,12.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Lavender – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

How to Use Ashwagandharishta?

Ashwagandharishta is an ayurvedic tonic that is prescribed by the physician to be taken as directed⁶.

Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dosage as per your health condition. 

Also Read: Gokshura – Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions

Side Effects of Ashwagandharishta

 The most common side effects of Ashwagandha, which is the chief ingredient of Ashwagandharishta are: 

• Intestinal disorders in hyperthyroid patients and pregnant women⁹
• Hypnotic effect in high doses⁹
• Drowsiness or sleepiness⁹

Ashwagandharishta might help in increasing sperm count. According to a small-scale study, root extracts of ashwagandha, which is the main ingredient of Ashwagandharishta powder are believed to have spermatogenic activities which can stimulate sperm count^13,14.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Precautions to Take with Ashwagandharishta

Ashwagandha, which is one of the significant ingredients of Ashwagandharishta, must be used with caution in certain health conditions like 

• Pregnancy⁹ 
• Hyperthyroidism⁹
• Due to the risk of causing hypnotic effect, the dosage of Ashwagandha must be charted out thoughtfully⁹.
• Kidney patients should undergo a kidney function test before starting Ashwagandharishta and must be followed up regularly to keep a close watch on any complications⁶.

Also Read: Triphala – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Salve J, Pate S, Debnath K, Langade D. Adaptogenic and Anxiolytic Effects of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study. Cureus [Internet]. 2019 Dec 26 [cited 2022 Feb 28];11(12). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6979308/ 

2. Ingale Dhanashri, Koppikar Soumya, Kulkarni Padmakumar, Harsulkar Abhay Madhukar. Benefits of Ashwagandharishta and Balarishta in Osteoarthritis are through Reduction of Inflammation and Inhibition of Collagenase | Request PDF. In: 2nd International Conference on Biotechnology and Bioinformatics [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280066103_Benefits_of_Ashwagandharishta_and_Balarishta_in_Osteoarthritis_are_through_Reduction_of_Inflammation_and_Inhibition_of_Collagenase 

3. Tanna IR, Aghera HB, K AB, Chandola HM, of Roga Nidana D, Vijnana V. Protective role of Ashwagandharishta and flax seed oil against maximal electroshock induced seizures in albino rats. Pharmacological Research [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2022 Feb 28];33(1). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3456848/pdf/Ayu-33-114.pdf 

4. Munaweera RRKW, Pandithavidana DR. Molecular Docking Analysis to Elucidate the Potential Drug Action of Phytochemicals Present in Ashwagandharishta towards Memory Related Disorders. In: International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018– University of Kelaniya [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329415276_Molecular_docking_analysis_to_elucidate_the_potential_drug_action_of_phytochemicals_present_in_Ashwagandharishta_towards_memory_related_disorders

5. Rahman T, Salahuddin Bhuiya M, Hasan R, Choudhuri MSK. Effect of Ashwagandharishta on the lipid profile of male and female rats. Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences [Internet]. 2020 Jun 1 [cited 2022 Feb 28];9(1–2):59–68. Available from: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JUJBS/article/view/53707

6. Rahman T, Rakib Hasan M, K Choudhuri MS. Effect of Ashwagandharista (Withania somnifera) on the kidney functions of male and female rats. Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences [Internet]. 2019 Aug 3 [cited 2022 Feb 28];8(1):1–7. Available from: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JUJBS/article/view/42462

7. Somuvel Uma, Venugopalan Rajesh, Jayakumar Vinothkumar, Kavitha K.N.V, Vijaykumar P.R.P, Perumal Perumal. Effect of a polyherbal liquid formulation on pylorus ligated gastric mucosal damage in albino wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacy Research [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2022 Feb 28];1115–7. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283268849_Effect_of_a_polyherbal_liquid_formulation_on_pylorus_ligated_gastric_mucosal_damage_in_albino_wistar_rats

8. Furosemide | C12H11ClN2O5S – PubChem [Internet]. PubChem – National Library of Medicine. [cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/furosemide 

9. Kumar Meher S, Das B, Panda P, Bhuyan G, Rao M. Uses of Withania somnifera (Linn) Dunal (Ashwagandha) in Ayurveda and its Pharmacological Evidences INTRODUCTION. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 28];8(1). Available from: https://rjppd.org/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Pharmacology%20and%20Pharmacodynamics;PID=2016-8-1-6

10. Kushwaha R, Karanjekar S. Standardization of Ashwagandharishta formulation by TLC method. Int J ChemTech Res. 2011 Jul–Sep;3(3):1033-1036. Available from: https://sphinxsai.com/Vol.3No.3/Chem/pdf/CT=04(1033-1036)JS11.pdf

11. The Art of Living. Knowing vata imbalance: its symptoms, causes and remedies [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 08]. Available from: https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/ayurveda/remedies/vata-imbalance-manage

12. Salve J, Pate lwe Rahul, Kanchan A, Abbasi AR, Selvakumar S, Mohan A. Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract in healthy adults: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2019 Mar-Apr;41(3):242-51. PMCID: PMC6979308. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6979308/

13. Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M. An overview on Withania somnifera: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(5 Suppl):208-213. PMCID: PMC3252722. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3252722/

14. Ambiye VR, Langade D, Dongre S, Aptikar P, Kulkarni M, Dongre A. Clinical Evaluation of the Spermatogenic Activity of the Root Extract of Withania somnifera in Oligospermic Males: A Pilot Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:571420. doi:10.1155/2013/571420. PMCID: PMC3863556. PMID: 24371462. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3863556/

Disclaimer:The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

25

2

Akarkara (Pellitory): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Anacyclus pyrethrum, commonly known as Akarkara in Hindi and Pellitory in English, is an important medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is also called Akkirakaram in Marathi. The roots of the plant have good therapeutic value as per the traditional systems of medicine¹. It is also known as the African pyrethrum. The species is Indigenous to Morocco, Spain, and Algeria and has two varieties: Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball) Maire². Some varieties can be found in Jammu Kashmir, and Bengal. It is imported to India from Algeria¹.  

Chemical Constituents

Phytochemicals like alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins are present in the Anacyclus pyrethrum variety. The root extract contains free fatty acids, sterols, and unsaturated amides. Pellitorin, anacyclin, phenylethylamine, inulin, polyacetylenic amides, and sesamin¹. 

Nutritional Benefits

Phytochemical screening of Akarkara shows the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids³. 

Akarkara Uses

The therapeutic uses of Akarkara are due to the presence of phytochemicals like Flavonoids and terpenoids. The roots and leaves of the Akarkara have a therapeutic role in the traditional Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicine as well as the herbal medicine of the East¹.    

The plant is used as an  

• anti-inflammatory  
• antibacterial  
• aphrodisiac  
• antiviral  
• carminative  
• diuretic  
• emmenagogue (stimulate menstrual flow)  
• vermifuge (anthelmintic)  
• febrifuge (reducing fever)  
• sialagogue (stimulate saliva)  
• analgesic (pain reliever)  
• antiarthritic  
• nerve tonic¹ 

Maintain your oral health by using a herbal formulation (dantkanti) containing Akarkara (Anacyclus pyrethrum). Akarkara might help in strengthening teeth and gums and relieves toothache as they possess antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties⁶.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits Of Akarkara

1. Benefits of Akarkara in Diabetes

• Oral administration of the root extract of Akarkara was beneficial in bringing down spiked blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models.
• Akarkara could show antidiabetic benefits in animal studies.
• Further trials on humans are awaited to make it available as mainstream anti-diabetes medication¹.  

2. Benefits of Akarkara on the Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Akarkara root extract produced significant antidepressant effects in animal studies.
• Akarkara also showed muscle relaxant benefits in animal models¹.
• Extract of Akarkara enhanced memory and showed improvement in cognitive processes by increasing the brain levels of the enzyme cholinesterase⁴. 
• Extract of Akarkara also showed anticonvulsant activity.
• The extract reduced seizures associated with cognitive impairment and reduced oxidative stress in an experimental model of seizures⁵. Animal studies have confirmed the CNS activities of Akarkara.
• However, the same activities are yet to be established in humans through trials.  

3. Benefits of Akarkara for Immunity

• Akarkara extract showed immunostimulatory activity in rat models.
• There was a huge improvement in the humoral as well as the cellular component of immunity.
• The results suggest the potential use of Akarkara as an immunomodulator in the Ayurvedic system of medicine¹.  

4. Benefits of Akarkara in Wound Healing

• Akarkara plant extract showed wound healing benefits in rats which were evident by the improvement in the wound diameter.
• The wound-healing activity of Akarkara could be attributed to its antibacterial properties.
• The wound healing benefit could also be attributed to the anti-inflammatory activity of Akarkara².  

Polysaccharides extracted from the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum may possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties can help in reducing various allergy-causing respiratory ailments⁷.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

5. Benefits of Akarkara as a Fertility Enhancer

• The root extract of the Anacyclus pyrethrum improved the sexual potential of rats in an animal trial.
• Extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum also showed a potent libido-enhancing ability, along with its fertility-enhancing effects in several animal trials.
• Akarkara extract has shown promising results as a fertility enhancer in animal trials, but these activities are yet to be confirmed in humans¹.  

Improve your digestive health with Akarkara. Akarkara roots might aid in increasing and stimulating the secretion of saliva and other digestive juices which help in improving digestive health. Additionally, they might facilitate gas flatulence due to their carminative property⁸.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

How To Use Akarkara?

Akarkara can be used in powdered form. The powder can be taken with honey.

An Ayurvedic physician will better guide you on the dose and frequency of taking the powder.  

Also Read: Ashokarishta – Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions

Precautions To Take with Akarkara

• There are no safety studies about its usage in pregnant and breastfeeding women. Therefore, it should be used with the doctor’s advice and supervision.   
• There are no safety studies about its usage in children.  

Also Read: Triphala: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is a lack of data regarding the interaction of Akarkara with other drugs. Therefore, patients are advised to talk to a doctor about its usage if using any other medication or supplement.  

Also Read: Kumaryasava – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Estimation Of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoids And Total Protein Content Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Anacyclus Pyrethrum | Request PDF [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333746572_ESTIMATION_OF_TOTAL_PHENOLIC_TOTAL_FLAVONOIDS_AND_TOTAL_PROTEIN_CONTENT_OF_HYDROALCOHOLIC_EXTRACT_OF_ANACYCLUS_PYRETHRUM  

2. Pandey S, Rani Kushwaha G, Singh A, Singh A. Chemical Composition And Medicinal Uses Of Anacyclus Pyrethrum. 2018; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324042819  

3. Elazzouzi H, Fadili K, Cherrat A, Amalich S, Zekri N, Zerkani H, Tagnaout I, Hano C, Lorenzo JM, Zair T. Phytochemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Activities of the Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag: A Systematic Review. Plants (Basel). 2022 Sep 30;11(19):2578. doi: 10.3390/plants11192578. PMID: 36235444; PMCID: PMC9573456. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573456/

4. Ibrahim RM, Abdel-Baki PM, Elmasry GF, El-Rashedy AA, Mahdy NE. Combinative effects of akarkara root-derived metabolites on anti-inflammatory and anti-alzheimer key enzymes: integrating bioassay-guided fractionation, GC-MS analysis, and in silico studies. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023 Nov 17;23(1):413. doi: 10.1186/s12906-023-04210-6. PMID: 37978514; PMCID: PMC10655324. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10655324/

5. Pahuja M, Mehla J, Reeta KH, Joshi S, Gupta YK. Root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum ameliorates seizures, seizure-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in experimental animals. Epilepsy Res. 2012 Feb;98(2-3):157-65. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.09.006. Epub 2011 Oct 12. PMID: 21993359. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21993359/

6. Singh K, Singh P, Oberoi G. Comparative studies between herbal toothpaste (Dantkanti) and non‑herbal toothpaste. Int J Dent Res. 2016;4(2):53‑56. DOI:10.14419/ijdr.v4i2.6633. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328600529_Comparative_studies_between_herbal_toothpaste_dantkanti_and_non-herbal_tooth_paste

7. Alliouche K, Benosmane L, Namoune S, Ouled‑Diaf K, Ghaliaoui N, Bendjeddou D. Anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the hot water‑soluble polysaccharides from Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag. roots. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Dec 5;281:114491. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114491. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874121007200

8. Usmani A, Khushtar M, Arif M, Siddiqui MA, Sing SP, Mujahid M. Pharmacognostic and phytopharmacology study of Anacyclus pyrethrum: An insight. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2016 Mar;6(3):144‑50. Available from: https://japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/1818_pdf.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

9

2

Kumaryasava: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Kumaryasava is an Ayurvedic formulation, which has aloe vera as the main ingredient. Asavas are medicinal preparations prepared by soaking the drugs (decoction or powder) in a solution of jaggery or sugar for a definite period. It undergoes the fermentation process by producing alcohol, which facilitates the extraction of active constituents of drugs. Kumaryasava is composed of Aloe barbadensis, Terminalia chebula, Ricinus communis, Myristica fragrans, Syzygium aromaticum, Woodfordia fruticosa, Piper cubeba, Nardostachys jatamansi, jaggery and water². As per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Kumaryasava should comprise not less than 5% v/v and not more than 10% v/v of self-generated alcohol³. Phytochemical analysis of Kumaryasava showed the presence of saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, and anthraquinone glycosides¹.  

Nutritional Value of Kumaryasava

The phytochemical screening of Kumaryasava showed the presence of carbohydrates in addition to phytochemicals¹.   

Uses of Kumaryasava

• The phytochemicals present in Kumaryasava, such as saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, and anthraquinone glycosides, contribute to its various therapeutic uses¹.
• Kumaryasava is one of the most widely used over-the-counter products.
• It is used as a health tonic for adults and children to treat weak digestion, urinary disorders, liver impairment, and cough¹.  

In my clinical experience, Kumaryasava may help provide relief and support in managing discomfort associated with urinary tract stones. It’s sometimes considered as part of a natural approach to urinary tract health¹¹.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Kumaryasava

As per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Kumaryasava is beneficial in managing various conditions like digestive impairment, duodenal ulcers, urinary disorders, bleeding disorders, epilepsy, worm infestation, loss of memory, weakness, diseases of the abdomen, and tastelessness⁴. 

1. Benefits of Kumaryasava as a Liver Protective Agent

• Kumaryasava has been widely used because of its various benefits in managing liver disorders.
• Kumaryasava provides protection against hepatotoxicity.
• Its hepatoprotective activity is attributed to the many antioxidant phytochemicals present in it.
• It is a useful hepatoprotective formulation⁵.  

2. Benefits of Kumaryasava in Treating Gastric Disorders

• Kumaryasava has many benefits in managing gastric conditions.
• Kumaryasava helps in relieving discomfort due to gas and acidity.
• It also relieves constipation.
• Additionally, it helps by stimulating digestive enzymes⁶. 

In clinical practice, Kumaryasava is sometimes considered helpful in managing issues like reduced appetite and supporting patients with diabetes. It is believed to stimulate digestive enzymes, which may aid in improving digestion¹³.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

3. Benefits of Kumaryasava in Managing Painful Periods

• According to a study, the administration of Kumaryasava was found to be safe and effective in relieving the signs and symptoms associated with dysmenorrhoea (medical term for painful periods).
• Kumaryasava could reduce the overall pain associated with dysmenorrhoea⁷.  

From a clinical point of view, Kumaryasava may help patients who experience painful or difficult urination (dysuria). Its main ingredient, Aloe vera, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, which might help reduce discomfort¹¹.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Kumaryasava?

As per the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Kumaryasava should be taken after meals and with water⁸. It can be taken with water for managing indigestion and constipation^9,10. The Ayurvedic Physician will prescribe you the form and dosage as per your health condition.

Did you know Kumaryasava is believed to aid in menopausal problems? This effect can be attributed to aloe vera as the major ingredient that helps to soothe the pain and difficulties associated with menopause¹².

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Amaltas (Golden Shower Tree): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Precautions to Take with Kumaryasava

Patients with ongoing medication for chronic diseases should consult a doctor before using Kumaryasava. Keep the following points in mind: 

• During Pregnancy: There is a lack of data related to the safe use of Kumaryasava in pregnant women. Therefore use this medicine only after consulting the physician.  
• During Breastfeeding: There is not enough data to support its safe usage during breastfeeding. Therefore kindly follow the doctor’s advice before using it.  

Also Read: Pippali (Long Pepper): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

As per the Essential drug list of Ayurveda, there are no specific contraindications associated with Kumarysava⁸. However, notify your doctor regarding all the medicines and health supplements that you take before taking Kumaryasava.  

Also Read: Babool (Acacia Nilotica): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Elamthuruthy AT, Shah CR, Khan TA, Tatke PA, Gabhe SY. Standardization of marketed Kumariasava – An Ayurvedic Aloe vera product. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis [Internet]. 2005 Apr 29 [cited 2022 Feb 11];37(5):937–41. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7874865_Standardization_of_marketed_Kumariasava_-_An_Ayurvedic_Aloe_vera_product
2. Selvan PS, Sanmuga Priya E. Determination of ethanol content in ayurvedic formulations kumaryasava and mustakarista by gas chromatography. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 2015 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Feb 11];77(1):120. Available from: https://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/determination-of-ethanol-content-in-ayurvedic-formulations-kumaryasava-and-mustakarista-by-gas-chromatography.html
3. Jagdish Manwar RM, Satish Padgilwar MV. Effect of Preparation Method on Antioxidant Activity of Ayurvedic Formulation Kumaryasava. Journal of Homeopathy & Ayurvedic Medicine. 2012;01(04). Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Effect-of-Preparation-Method-on-Antioxidant-of-Manmode-Manwar/306c7e970a553ce38c2a7932b4cf8fedd6acb07a
4. The ayurvedic formulary of India | Part 1. Second Edition. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee. Government of India. Available from: https://pcimh.gov.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=1&ls_id=56&lid=54
5. Khan MA, Gupta A, Sastry JLN, Ahmad S. Hepatoprotective potential of kumaryasava and its concentrate against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in Wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences [Internet]. 2015 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Feb 15];7(4):297. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26681887/
6. Motghare KP, Yeokar V. A Review on Traditional Ayurveda Formulations and their Therapeutic Importance. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics [Internet]. 2019 May 15 [cited 2022 Feb 15];9(3):650–3. Available from: http://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/2663
7. Lal P, Lal SK, Garg S. A CLINICAL COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF KUMARYASAVA AND RAJAHPRAVARTANI VATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRATHMIK KASTARTAVA W.S.R. TO (PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA): A PROSPECTIVE OPEN LABEL SINGLE CENTER STUDY. undefined. 2017. Available from: https://www.jahm.co.in/index.php/jahm/article/view/1688
8. Essential Drugs List (EDL)_Ayurveda | Department of Ayush Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Available from: https://nischennai.org/main/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/siddha-essential-drugs-list-2013.pdf
9. Ajirna (Indigestion) | National Health Portal of India [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 11]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366808191_Indigestion-induced_hyperacidity_Vidagdhajirna_treated_with_Ayurveda_therapy_a_single_case_study
10. Constipation (Vibandha) | National Health Portal of India [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 11]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360642968_Constipation-A_major_health_disorder_Role_of_herbal_medicine_treatment
11. Singhal R, Barla MA, Roushan R. Ayurvedic management of renal cyst – a case study. J Ayurveda. 2022;16:263-6. doi:10.4103/joa.joa_48_22. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rakesh-Roushan-3/publication/364292657_Ayurvedic_Management_of_Renal_Cyst/links/6343c294ff870c55ce14741a/Ayurvedic-Management-of-Renal-Cyst.pdf
12. Dey A, Dhadhal S, Maharjan R, Nagar PS, Nampoothiri L. Partially purified non-polar phytocomponents from Aloe barbadensis Mill. gel restores metabolic and reproductive comorbidities in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rodent model—an “in-vivo” study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022;291:115161. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115161. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874122001994
13. Alexandar S, Joy JM. Pharmacognostical Evaluation and HPTLC profiling of the root of Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022;15(3):1245-0. doi:10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00208. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2022-15-3-51

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

11

Triphala: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Three medicinal herbs make up Triphala (in Sanskrit, “tri” means “three” and “phala” means “fruits”). It is an antioxidant-rich herbal preparation described as a Rasayana (rejuvenator) medicine by Ayurvedic practitioners. Combining the three fruits is said to be responsible for Triphala’s numerous health benefits¹. 

Triphala is made from the dried fruits of: 

• Terminalia chebula (black myrobalan) 
• Terminalia bellerica (bastard myrobalan)
• Phyllantus emblica (emblic myrobalan or Indian gooseberry)

Chemical Composition of Triphala

The spring-harvested fruits of Terminalia chebula are high in tannins such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, neochebulinic acid, corilagin, terchebin, punicalagin, terfavin, flavonoids (rutins, luteolin and quercetin), starches, amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine and proline), β-sitosterol, succinic acid, fructose and fatty acids². 

The fruits of Terminalia bellerica consist of proteins and oils that include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid). Because of its high fatty acid content, this plant can impact cholesterol levels, increasing high-density lipoprotein levels (good cholesterol) while decreasing low-density lipoprotein levels (bad cholesterol), making it effective in treating coronary artery disease. 

Phyllanthus emblica (amla) fruits are high in ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C². The high density of tannins may contribute to the overall bitterness of amla. These fruits also include punicafolin and phyllanemblinin A, phyllemblin, and other polyphenols such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, flavonoids and kaempferol². 

Based on my experience, I have come across evidence suggesting that Amalaki, which is a component of Triphala, may possess properties to manage diseases of the sense organs and enhance memory. It is believed that the active compounds present in Amalaki exert beneficial effects on the central nervous system, potentially improving sensory function and memory.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Uses of Triphala

Triphala is described as a tridoshic Rasayana in Ayurveda, capable of balancing and rejuvenating the three doshas that regulate human life: Vata, Pitta and Kapha. It is widely used in several disease conditions owing to its following properties^1,3:  

• Laxative  
• Anti-inflammatory 
• Antiviral  
• Blood purifying 
• Analgesic  
• Anti-arthritic  
• Hypoglycemic  
• Anti-ageing  
• Antibacterial  

Triphala is used to treat fatigue, oxidative stress, and infectious disorders like tuberculosis, pneumonia, AIDS and periodontal disease, among others. It’s also used for headaches, dyspepsia, ascites and leukorrhea³.  

In my experience, I have observed that Triphala, a herbal formulation, may have the ability to increase the number of red blood cells and improve haemoglobin content in the body, making it potentially beneficial for managing anaemia. The active compounds in Triphala are believed to stimulate the production of red blood cells, leading to an increase in haemoglobin levels and overall improvement in anaemic conditions.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Benefits of Triphala

1. Supports Infection Management 

• Triphala and its components have demonstrated potent antimicrobial properties against a variety of microorganisms.
• Triphala churna has proven action against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• Triphala churna and Triphala mashi have shown antibacterial properties against a variety of bacteria, like E. coli and S. aureus¹. 

2. Promotes Dental Health

• Triphala reduced levels of chemicals which are implicated in the destruction of tissue during periodontitis (inflammation of tissues surrounding teeth).
• Triphala mouthwash was tested clinically and found to be as effective as chlorhexidine in lowering plaque scores and inhibiting Lactobacillus bacteria microbial levels¹. More studies are needed to better understand these effects. 

3. Helps Manage Stress

• Triphala supplementation has been shown to alleviate stress.
• This should be studied further to under its role in stress management.

4. Supports Joint Health

• Triphala prevented monosodium urate crystal-induced arthritis in mice (gouty arthritis) by reducing various chemicals involved in the worsening of joint health. 
• It might have potential use in the treatment of gout in humans, however, more studies are needed for the same¹. 

5. Aids Digestion

• Castor oil-induced diarrhoea was prevented by extracts of Triphala churna powder and Triphala mashi.
• The extracts had a strong antidiarrhoeal effect, as demonstrated by increased first defecation time, cumulative faecal weight, intestinal transit time, improved stool volume, stool frequency, stool consistency, decreased mucus level in stool, and flatulence¹. 
• More studies are needed to understand the exact indication of Triphala in managing diarrhoea.

6. Supports Liver Function

• In mice, Triphala was found to be beneficial against acetaminophen-induced liver damage but with less efficacy than silymarin.
• Triphala lowered the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxides while also restoring the levels of many antioxidant enzymes and reducing liver damage, as seen by lower liver enzyme values¹.
• People with liver disease should consult a doctor before consuming Triphala or any other Ayurvedic or herbal supplement.

7. May Help Manage Diabetes

• Animal studies have demonstrated that giving the same amount of Triphala and its separate ingredients to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats lowered serum glucose levels.
• Thus, with more research, Triphala might be useful in treating diabetes in humans¹. 

8. May Support Weight Management

• After the treatment of mice with Triphala in an anti-obesity study, their body weight was observed to be lower when compared to control animals.
• Gallic acid is a phenolic molecule found in Triphala that was chosen as the bioactive marker because of its anti-obesity activity³. 

9. Promotes Heart Health

• Triphala has been found to have a lipid-lowering impact on rats, with significant reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and free fatty acid, indicating hypocholesteremic condition.
• These properties make it cardio-protective.  

10. Supports Skin Healing

• The topical application of Triphala extract aided wound healing in rats infected with a variety of bacteria, according to a study⁶.
• Experiments revealed that the Triphala ointment reduced bacterial count and promoted wound closure by increasing collagen, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels¹. 

11. Radioprotective Properties 

• Triphala has been proven in preclinical trials to have radioprotective properties when taken orally.
• The most effective action of Triphala was seen when given before irradiation, lowering DNA damage in both white blood cells and spleen cells, the normalising activity of certain enzymes like xanthine oxidase and super oxidase dismutase found in the intestine.
• This indicates that the observed effects were mediated through the inhibition of oxidative damage in the cells and organs¹. 

12. Boosts Immunity

• Triphala has been shown to have potent immunomodulatory properties in a variety of animal models.
• Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and phenolic substances are thought to have immunomodulatory properties.
• Triphala treatment increased antioxidant activity and lowered corticosterone levels in animals exposed to noise stress, according to research⁷. 

13. Rich in Antioxidants

• According to research⁹, taking Triphala boosts the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which may have resulted in a considerable reduction in stomach cancers in mice.
• When rats were given Triphala and were subjected to noise stress, similar results were reported.
• Such findings point to Triphala’s ability to act as an antioxidant and to protect against a variety of stressors and illnesses¹. 

14. Supports Eye Health

• Triphala was found to be beneficial in preventing and reducing selenite-induced cataract formation, according to a study⁸.
• In animal trials, Triphala restored antioxidant enzyme levels, resulting in a reduction in nuclear cataracts. As per Ayurveda, Triphala can also help reduce the risk of blindness and near-sightedness in some cases¹. 

15. Potential Anti-Cancer Properties

• Triphala caused an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, which may be beneficial in supporting cancer treatment in some cases³. 
• Triphala or any herbal supplements should not be given to cancer patients who are under treatment unless advised by a doctor. There are chances of severe drug interactions in patients receiving cancer treatment; hence self medication, even with herbal or ayurvedic medicines, should be avoided.

16. Anti-Ageing Benefits 

• On human skin cells, Triphala extract has shown strong antiaging effect.
• It stimulates collagen-1 and elastin-synthesizing genes and antioxidant genes responsible for cellular antioxidants in human skin cells.
• Due to the presence of protective phytochemicals, it may also suppress melanin synthesis and hyperpigmentation⁴. 

Over the years, I have observed that Triphala, a herbal formulation, might have growth inhibitory activities against certain bacterial strains commonly found in HIV-infected patients. Studies have indicated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Triphala, as well as its individual plant components, have shown potential antibacterial effects against these bacterial isolates.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Atibala: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More

How to Use Triphala

1. Triphala Churna (Powder): 

Haritaki, bibitaki, and amlaki are powdered to make Triphala churna (powder). As per research, it is advisable to take it with ghee, honey, or milk¹. 

2. Triphala Kwatha (Decoction):

It is made by combining the powder with water and boiling it. The decoction is then filtered through a clean cloth, and the filtrate can be used to treat skin conditions like erysipelas, eruptions, scrotal enlargement, colic pain, worm infestation, and urinary diseases. It is applied directly to open wounds and eyes, as well as gargled during pharyngitis¹. 

3. Triphala Taila (Oil):

It is made by boiling Triphala powder with oil. It is used as a gargle, snuff, an enema, and orally to treat obesity and itching¹.

4. Triphala Masi (Ash):

It’s made by heating Triphala powder for a long time at a low temperature in a controlled setting. Mashi/Masi is an intermediate product containing organic and inorganic ingredients. The mashi is black and has a high carbon and oxide content. Triphala Mashi, when mixed with honey, can be used to treat soft chancres and wounds¹.

5. Triphala Gritha (in ghee or clarified butter):

It is made by cooking the paste of Triphala, trikatu (a herbal compound of Indian Long Pepper (Piper longum), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ghee and milk, as well as grapes (Vitis vinifera), Yestamadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Kutki (Picrorhiza korroa), and cardamom (Elettaria cardamom). It is frequently used to treat eye conditions like conjunctivitis, blindness, and cataracts. Triphala gritha is also used to treat jaundice, leucorrhoea, tumours, greying, and hair loss¹. 

Also Read: Jowar: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Triphala

Terminalia chebula: It should not be used if you have an acute cough, diarrhoea, or early-stage dysentery⁵.

Also Read: Dashmularishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Baliga MS, Meera S, Mathai B, Rai MP, Pawar V, Palatty PL. Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala: a review. Chin J Inter Med. 2012; 18(12): 946-954. https://sci-hub.st/10.1007/s11655-012-1299-x
2. Tarasiuk A, Mosińska P, Fichna J. Triphala: current applications and new perspectives on the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Chin Med. 2018; 13(1): 39. https://sci-hub.st/10.1186/s13020-018-0197-6
3. Kumar NS, Nair AS, Nair AM, Murali M. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of triphala-A literature review. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 2016; 5(3): 23. https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-33-672.pdf
4. Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic uses of triphala in ayurvedic medicine. The J Altern Complement Med. 2017; 23(8): 607-614. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567597/pdf/acm.2017.0083.pdf

5. Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC press; 2002 Jun 27; Page No: 181. https://www.enpab.it/images/2018/James_A._Duke_-_Handbook_of_Medicinal_Herbs.pdf
6. Kumar MS, Kirubanandan S, Sripriya R, Sehgal PK. Triphala promotes healing of infected full-thickness dermal wound. J Surg Res. 2008 Jan;144(1):94-101. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2007.02.049. PMID: 17662304. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662304/
7. Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic medicine. J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Aug;23(8):607-614. doi:10.1089/acm.2017.0083. PMID: 28696777; PMCID: PMC5567597. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567597/
8. Gupta SK, Kalaiselvan V, Srivastava S, Agrawal SS, Saxena R. Evaluation of anticataract potential of Triphala in selenite-induced cataract: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Oct;1(4):280-6. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.74425. PMID: 21731375; PMCID: PMC3117320. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3117320/
9. Prasad S, Srivastava SK. Oxidative stress and cancer: Chemopreventive and therapeutic role of Triphala. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Jan 13;9(1):72. doi:10.3390/antiox9010072. PMID: 31941067; PMCID: PMC7022920. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022920/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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9

Pashanbhed (Bergenia Ligulata): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Pashanbhed or stone breaker is a popular Indian drug. It is also called stonebreaker as it can dissolve kidney stones. Pashanbhed is derived from the plant Bergenia ligulata and is used in the indigenous system of medicine. Bergenia ligulata is a climbing plant that is distributed in moist areas of the Himalayas, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and south Tibet. The flowers of Bergenia ligulata are pink, purple, or white. According to the Ayurvedic system of medicine, Pashanbhed is used for various medicinal purposes. The rhizome, root, and leaves of Bergenia ligulata are used to treat a variety of ailments¹. 

Chemical Constituents of Pashanbhed

The rhizome of Pashanbhed contains many chemical constituents like arbutin, paashaanolactone, afzelechin, bergenin, norbergenin, catechin, minerals, glucose, albumin, vitamins, mucilage, ash, starch, and gallic acid. The constituents present in seeds of pashanbhed include tannic acid, coumarin, minerals, wax, coumarin, and gallic acid. The root of pashanbhed showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, saponins, and glycosides¹. 

Uses of Pashanbhed

Pashanbhed is used in the management of kidney and bladder stones, urinary problems, and other diseases due to its medicinal properties like: 

• Anti-inflammatory activity 
• Antilithic activity (preventing the formation of stones) 
• Antiviral activity 
• Anti-bradykinin activity 
• Antibacterial activity 
• Diuretic activity
• Liver protective activity 
• Antipyretic activity 
• Laxative  
• Analgesic 
• Aphrodisiac  
• Abortifacient^1,2  

Benefits of Pashanbhed

1. Benefits of Pashanbhed for Preventing Stone Formation

• Antiurolithic is the property of preventing or dissolving stones in the ureters, bladders, or kidneys.
• Pashanbhed inhibits the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, which is responsible for the formation of kidney or urinary stones.
• Hot water extract of the Pashanbhed plant is taken orally for treating urinary or renal stones. Pashanbhed powder is also recommended to manage painful urination². 

2. Benefits of Pashanbhed as an Antidiabetic Medicine

• The alcoholic extract of roots of Pashanbhed contains hypoglycemic (blood sugar lowering) properties.
• It might reduce elevated blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.
• The antidiabetic effect might be due to the stimulation of insulin release or the stimulation of cells of pancreatic islets.
• Due to its anti-diabetic properties, Pashanbhed can be used as a component of medicines or nutraceutical foods for managing diabetes and associated symptoms². 

3. Benefits of Pashanbhed for the Liver

• The alcoholic extract of Pashanbhed showed a reduction in the levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin.
• This confirmed the hepatoprotective (liver protecting) effect of Pashanbhed.
• Pashanbhed powder is also helpful for managing liver and spleen diseases, particularly enlarged spleen². 

4. Benefits of Pashanbhed as an Diuretic

• Diuresis refers to an increased passage of urine.
• Alcoholic extracts of roots of Bergenia ligulata proved to increase urinary electrolyte concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride, which shows that it has diuretic properties.
• The diuretic property of the roots of Bergenia ligulata might be due to the presence of compounds like saponins and flavonoids². 

5. Benefits of Pashanbhed for the Reproductive System

• Pashanbhed powder helps nourish and correct the functioning of the reproductive system.
• Pashanbhed is also used for treating gynaecological problems³. 

6. Benefits of Pashanbhed for the Skin

• In India, dried roots of Pashanbhed have been used topically for treating boils, wounds, cuts, and burns.
• The hot water extract of Pashanbhed has been used externally for the treatment of boils². 

Did you know that Pashanbhed (Bergenia ligulata) contains a significant phenolic compound called ‘bergenin’ comprising approximately 0.9% of its composition? Along with bergenin, it also contains other phenolic compounds in smaller quantities. These compounds contribute to the potential health benefits and therapeutic properties associated with Pashanbhed⁶.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Triphala Guggulu: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

How to Use Pashanbhed?

Pashanbhed is available in two forms: 

• Powder 
• Decoction 

Some important formulations of Pashanbhed include Asmarihara kasaya churna, Mutravircaniya kasaya churna. The main preparations of Pashanbhed include Pashanbhed ghrit and Pashanbhed kwath^4,5.  

Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the dose and form according to your medical condition. 

In my experience, I have observed that Pashanbhed (Bergenia ligulata) has a distinctive aromatic odour and astringent taste. These sensory properties can be attributed to its chemical constituents, which interact with our taste receptors and olfactory receptors⁶.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Manjistha (Indian Madder): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Side Effects of Pashanbhed

Pashanbhed is an important constituent of many formulations used for managing kidney diseases. However, the acetone extract of rhizomes of Pashanbhed is known to be cardiotoxic in large doses and produces a depressing effect on the central nervous system. A large dose of Pashanbhed is known to produce antidiuretic effects too. However, it is unlikely that these effects will be observed with doses in the normal range².

Also Read: Lohasava: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. KM Ruby, Jaya Dwivedi, Rajani Chauhan; Pashanbheda A golden herb of Himalaya: A review. International journal of pharmacy review and research. 2012;2(2):97-105 Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PASHANBHEDA-A-GOLDEN-HERB-OF-HIMALAYA%3A-A-REVIEW-Ruby-Dwivedi/1c589e6f7fd1b2ba2ade0c752ec2135276d91784?p2df 

2. S.S Gurav and N.S Gurav; A comprehensive review: Bergenia ligulata wall- A controversial clinical candidate. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research. 2014;5(5): 630-1642 Available from: https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/a-comprehensive-review-bergenia-ligulata-wall-a-controversial-clinical-candidate/ 

3. Preeti choudhary, Parshant Bakshi and Rafiq Ahmad; Prospects of Bergenia: A medicinal herb (Pashanbhed). 2016. Available from: https://www.biotecharticles.com/Healthcare-Article/Prospects-of-Bergenia-A-medicinal-herb-Pashanbhed-3627.html 

4. The Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India. Part-1 Volume-1. Page no: 90. Available from: http://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-1.pdf 

5. Vikaspedia. Bergenia Ciliata [Internet]. Available from: https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/bergenia-ciliata 
6. Das C, Kumari B, Singh MP, Singh S. A Literary Review and Therapeutic Action of Pashanbheda (Bergenia ligulata Wall) described by Shamhita in Ashmari Roga. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci [Internet]. 2022 Aug 13 [cited 2025 Nov 18];7(6):105–114. Available from: https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1861/2238

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

8

Triphala Guggulu: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Triphala Guggulu is a traditional polyherbal formulation as per the Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is composed of resin of guggul (Commiphora wightii), long pepper (Piper longum), and Triphala (fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L., Terminalia chebula Retz, and Terminalia bellirica)¹. Triphala is a well-recognized polyherbal medicine classified as the tridoshic rasayan.  

The Triphala formulation contains the fruits Amalaki or the Indian Gooseberry, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki of the three plants². Triphala Guggulu is one of the most widely used among the other Guggulu formulations³. Phytochemical screening of Triphala Guggulu shows the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids⁴.   

Nutritional Value of Triphala Guggulu

Apart from various phytochemicals, phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids in Triphala Guggulu⁴. 

Uses of Triphala Guggulu

The uses of Triphala Guggulu are as follows: 

• Triphala Guggulu is used in managing inflammatory conditions, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and hypolipidemia⁵.  
• Triphala Guggulu is widely used in managing Vatarakta (gout), Bhagandar (fistula), Kushtha (leprosy), Vranaropana (wound healing), Pakvavidradhi (abscess), Gandamala (goitre), and Asthibhagna (fracture)⁴.  

Did you know Triphala Guggulu might aid in dental problems as well? Due to its anti-bacterial nature, Triphala Guggulu may be used for dental diseases such as swollen gums, cavities, and bleeding gums⁹.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Triphala Guggulu

1. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Wound Healing

• Oral administration of Triphala Guggulu helps to heal wounds fast.
• It also leads to a reduction in pain associated with the wound.
• It can be a potential drug for wound healing due to its safety and cost-effectiveness⁶.  

2. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Piles

• Guggulu has anti-inflammatory benefits.
• It helps in healing the inflammation of the fistula.
• Triphala is beneficial in relieving constipation, a problem associated with hemorrhoids.
• In addition, Piper longum aids in the digestion and assimilation of food nutrients⁷.
• Though there are benefits associated with the use of Triphala Guggulu, it should not be used as an alternative to conventional therapy.  

3. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Managing Constipation

Triphala found in Triphala Guggulu helps in facilitating bowel movements and relieving constipation⁷. 

4. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Managing Diabetic Macular Oedema

• Diabetic macular edema is a common cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients.
• Oral administration of Triphala Guggulu could show improvement in the thickness of the retina and visual acuity⁵. 

5. Benefits of Triphala Guggulu in Managing Arthritis

• Triphala Guggulu is a Guggulu-based formulation beneficial in acute arthritis.
• The anti-arthritic activity of Triphala Guggulu is attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity.
• A study found that it also acts by inhibiting the enzymes that get activated in arthritis, namely hyaluronidase and collagenase⁸. 

Triphala Guggulu might be used as an useful remedy of choice for cancer! This herbal medicine might offer a natural solution for cancer with its antioxidant nature¹⁰.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Triphala Guggulu?

Triphala Guggulu can be taken with warm water. However, it should be used on the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor. The Ayurvedic doctor will prescribe you the dose and form based on the diagnosis.   

Also Read: Ashwagandha – Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions

Precautions to Take with Triphala Guggulu

You should keep the following points in mind: 

• Triphala Guggulu should not be used during pregnancy.  
• Triphala Guggulu is contraindicated in chronic and recurrent diarrhoea.
• Triphala Guggulu should be avoided during the breastfeeding period as there is a lack of data to support its safety . Use it only after consulting with an Ayurvedic doctor.  

Other than its anti-inflammatory nature, Triphala Guggulu has anti-oxidant characteristics as well. This makes Triphala Guggulu a potential medicine of choice for diseases like Atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and diabetes¹⁰.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Cardamom (Elaichi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interaction with Other Drugs

There is a lack of sufficient data regarding the interaction of Triphala Guggulu with other drugs. Therefore, you must talk to a doctor about its usage if you are using any other medication or supplement.  

Exploring  the Potential of Triphala Guggulu in ear discharge treatment. It is believed that due to its anti-inflammatory properties, Triphala Guggulu may aid in the treatment of ear discharge (medically known as Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media)¹¹.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Chitrakadi Vati – Benefits, Precautions & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Babu Ks, Muguli G, Rao Vadaparthi P, Ramesh B, Gowda V, Paramesh R, et al. A novel high-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of guggulsterones, piperine and gallic acid in Triphala guggulu. Pharmacognosy magazine [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Feb 17];11(Suppl 1):66. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26109777/ 

2. Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic Uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic Medicine. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, NY) [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 17];23(8):607–14. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28696777/ 

3. CLINICAL EFFECTS OF TRIPHALA GUGGULU ON DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA | Semantic Scholar [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 21]. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/CLINICAL-EFFECTS-OF-TRIPHALA-GUGGULU-ON-DIABETIC-Gautam-Chaurasiya/ac7e53abe58490244727071328d8490a4e13ae01 

4. Bhushan D Mhaiskar BPCB. Management of non-healing infected wound by external application of and Hinsradya Taila Triphala Guggulu Case Report [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 21]. p. 132–4. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320111273_Management_of_non-healing_infected_wound_by_external_application_of_and_Hinsradya_Taila_Triphala_Guggulu_Case_Report 

5. Mehra R, Vyas N, Makhija R. A clinical study on the role of Ksara Vasti and Triphala Guggulu in Raktarsha (Bleeding piles). Ayu [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2022 Feb 21];32(2):192. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22408301/ 

6. Sumantran VN, Kulkarni AA, Harsulkar A, Wele A, Koppikar SJ, Chandwaskar R, et al. Hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitory activities of the herbal formulation Triphala guggulu. Journal of Biosciences 2007 32:4 [Internet]. 2007 Jul 9 [cited 2022 Feb 21];32(4):755–61. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12038-007-0075-3 

7. Essential Drugs List(EDL)_Ayurveda. Department of Ayush Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of India. Available from: https://namayush.gov.in/sites/all/themes/webcms/images/essential_drugs/Ayurveda_EDL_list_final.pdf

8. Sumantran VN, Kulkarni AA, Harsulkar A, Wele A, Koppikar SJ, Chandwaskar R, Gaire V, Dalvi M, Wagh UV. Hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitory activities of the herbal formulation Triphala guggulu. J Biosci. 2007 Jun;32(4):755-61. doi: 10.1007/s12038-007-0075-3. PMID: 17762148. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17762148/

9. Prakash S, Shelke AU. Role of Triphala in dentistry. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 Mar;18(2):132-5. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.131299. PMID: 24872616; PMCID: PMC4033874. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4033874/

10. Verma P, Singh B, Kumar A, Sharma R, Kumar V. In-vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Triphala guggul tablets. J Med Herbs Ethnomedicine. 2020;6:45–47. doi:10.25081/jmhe.2020.v6.6238. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/180b/2dd40e458eac41ebaaa155ee02ab51e7583d.pdf

11. Nath S, Jadhav S, Mulik S, Nangare N, Mulik S, Lathwal N. A conceptual study of Triphala Guggul in Karnasrava (C.S.O.M). J Pharm Negative Results. 2023;14(Suppl 01):367–370. doi:10.47750/pnr.2023.14.S01.40. Available from: https://www.pnrjournal.com/index.php/home/article/view/6469

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

22

Chitrakadi Vati: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Chitrakadi vati is well recognised as an Ayurvedic preparation¹. It is a polyherbal formulation containing nine ingredients of herbal origin: Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), maricha (Piper nigrum), pippali (Piper longum fruit), pippalimoola (Piper longum root), Chavya (Piper chaba), ginger (Zingiber officinale), hing (Ferula foetida/Ferula asafoetida), ajmoda (Apium leptophyllum), yava ksara (Hordeum vulgare) and panchalavana (Samudra, Sauvarchala, Saindhava, Vida, Audbhida)².

Uses of Chitrakadi Vati

The uses of Chitrakadi Vati are as follows: 

• It is commonly used to manage irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal tumours, rheumatoid arthritis, and appetite loss.  
• It is also used as a digestive tonic and carminative. Chitrak stimulates digestion and appetite and aids in dealing with leprosy, fever, oedema, and scabies^1,2.  
• Long pepper is an anti-asthmatic, laxative, anti-infective agent in urinary tract infections, aphrodisiac, carminative, and analgesic¹. 
• Black pepper is used as a diuretic and analgesic and for managing constipation, piles, and colic¹.  
• Ginger is used to deal with heart problems and acts as a carminative¹. 

According to Ayurveda, Chitrakadi vati might be useful in decreasing mouth dryness caused due to increased levels of vatta and pitta levels and decreased kapha levels in the body. Chitrakadi vati might stimulate saliva secretion¹³.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati

1. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Laxative Activity

• The laxative efficacy of extract of Chitrakadi vati at various doses was studied¹ in rats.
• The extract of Chitrakadi vati showed significant laxative action by increasing the stool output weight.
• The presence of long pepper and black pepper in Chitrakadi vati contribute to the laxative properties. 

2. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Ovulation

• According to a study³, Chitrakadi vati was one of the best medications for follicular rupturing tests.
• As a result, Chitrakadi vati was selected as a replacement for the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone for follicular rupture. 

3. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Liver

• Consumption of Chitrakadi gutika formulation (tablet of various herbs) and buttermilk was found to be effective in dealing with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by reversing the fatty infiltration of the liver⁴. 
• The liver-protective efficacy of extract of Chitraka roots was investigated in rats.
• The extract administration to rats dramatically reduced the serum marker levels, demonstrating that extract has a liver protective impact in restoring the hepatocytes’ normal function⁵. 

4. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Inflammation

• The anti-inflammatory activities of Chitraka leaf extract were studied⁵ in experimental animal models.
• The extract exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the prostaglandin synthesis and release. 

5. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Diabetes

• The antidiabetic effect of Chitraka roots extract was studied in rats.
• The root extract exhibited antidiabetic activity by increasing the hepatic hexokinase activity while decreasing serum acid phosphatase, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels.
• The active constituent of the extract, plumbagin, significantly reduced the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats⁵. 

6. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Digestion

• Dietary maricha stimulates pancreatic enzymes that improve digestion and reduce food transit time in the gastrointestinal tract.
• It also increases saliva production and gastric secretions and activates the salivary amylase enzyme.
• Maricha or piperine present in Chitrakadi vati on oral administration stimulates the release of bile acids from the liver, which are important in the digestion and absorption of lipids⁶. 

7. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Cholesterol

• Maricha inhibits cholesterol absorption while increasing cholesterol transporter protein translocation.
• It also improves digestion by assisting in the breakdown of bigger fat molecules into more easily digestible simple molecules and preventing fat storage in the body⁶. 

8. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Anti-diarrhoeal Activity

• The antidiarrhoeal effects of maricha extract were studied⁶ in rats at various doses.
• The extract was shown to have considerable anti-diarrhoeal, anti-motility, and anti-secretory activity due to the presence of alkaloids in maricha. 

9. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati in Managing Blood Clotting

• The effect of ginger extract on platelet thromboxane-B₂ and prostaglandin-E₂ synthesis was studied in rats.
• Oral administration of ginger at high doses is significantly effective in reducing serum prostaglandin-E₂ and thromboxane-B₂ levels.
• According to the findings, ginger can be employed as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent⁷. 

10. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Gastrointestinal Tract

• Traditional medicine has long employed the powdered rhizome of ginger to relieve the symptoms of gastrointestinal tract ailments.
• According to a study⁷ in mice, the extract of ginger and its components improved the gastrointestinal emptying of the charcoal meal.
• In humans, ginger has been shown to help prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting while not affecting stomach emptying. 

11. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati as an Antioxidant

• Several studies have revealed that ginger has potent antioxidant effects.
• The antioxidant effect of ginger has been proposed as one of the key probable reasons for the plant’s protective properties against radiation toxicity and lethality, as well as a variety of poisonous substances and potential as an anti-ulcer drug⁷. 
• The extracts of the Asafoetida plant showed antioxidant activity in experimental animals.
• Results of the study showed a reduction of lipid peroxidation levels in the liver of rats⁸. 

12. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati for Managing Obesity

• The effects of F. asafoetida on weight gain and fat build-up in diabetic patients were researched.
• It was shown to reduce body weight, abnormal fat, and adipocyte cell size.
• As a result, it will be regarded a viable therapy option for diabetes-induced obesity⁸. 

13. Benefits of Chitrakadi Vati Due to Immunomodulatory Activity

The extracts of chavya considerably boost lymphocyte proliferation, implying an immunomodulatory action, mainly through lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity activation⁹. 

In Ayurveda, Chitrakadi vati might help in reducing oedema in the legs and hands (extremities) caused due to ama dosha¹³.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Chitrakadi Vati?

Chitrakadi vati can be used as: 

• Chitrakadi vati extract¹ 
• Chitrakadi dutika (pills)¹⁰ 

Also Read: Custard Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Side Effects of Chitrakadi Vati

Some side effects are observed due to the following constituents of Chitrakadi vati: 

• Chitraka: Excessive use of the chitraka plant has toxic effects. Irritation burning of the tongue, throat, stomach and other body regions can be seen. It can also cause nausea, vomiting, dysuria, diarrhoea, burning sensation while urinating, a weak pulse, wrinkled skin, and cold skin¹¹. 
• Ginger: It may cause heartburn, mild diarrhoea, gastric irritation and allergy⁷. 
• Hing: Its extracts have been investigated and proven safe for everyday usage. Large doses of asafoetida can cause mouth swelling, digestive problems such as flatulence and diarrhoea, nervousness, and headaches⁸.  

Generally, according to Ayurveda, ama and vatta doshas can create joint pain. In such cases, Chitrakadi vati might be useful in reducing joint pain¹³.

Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS

Also Read: Green Chilli: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Chitrakadi Vati

You should keep the following points in mind: 

• In pregnancy, the utilisation of chitraka plants can irritate pelvic organs and ultimately cause abortion¹¹. 
• The gum of closely related species of Hing may irritate the skin and stomach, resulting in dermatosis¹². 
• Because it affects the menstrual cycle and is an abortifacient, Hing should not be used during pregnancy or lactation^8,12. 
• Foetal haemoglobin is oxidised with asafoetida use, whereas adult haemoglobin is not. Children should not be given this medication since it may cause methaemoglobinemia¹². 

Also Read: Abhayarishta: Uses, Benefits & How to Use It

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Kumar A, Deepa L, Lakshman K, Satish KV, Chandra Shekar KB, Narayan Swamy VB, et al. Evaluation of laxative activity of Chitrakadi vati, an ayurvedic formulation in rats. Pharmacologyonline [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2022 Feb 28];1:420-3. Available from: https://pharmacologyonline.silae.it/files/archives/2007/vol1/44_Kumar.pdf
2. Khanvilkar V, Patil L, Kadam V. Standardization of Chitrakadi Vati: An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Feb 28];6(4):303-9. Available from: https://www.ijpsdr.com/index.php/ijpsdr/article/view/359/323
3. Shukla K, Karunagoda K, Sata N, Pandya MA. Evaluation of the role of Chitrakadi Vati in the management of Bandhyatva w.s.r to anovulation (as a consequence of unruptured follicle). AYU [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 Feb 28];30(4):392-6. Available from: https://www.ayujournal.org/temp/Ayu304392-5572047_152840.pdf
4. Chandran A, Mahadevan L, Nisha MG. Clinical Efficacy of Chitrakadi Gutika in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Case Study. Int J AYUSH Case Reports [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb28];5(4):237-41. Available from: https://www.ijacare.in/index.php/ijacare/article/view/250/203
5. Shukla B, Saxena S, Usmani S, Kushwaha P. Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of Plumbago zeylanica L.: a medicinal plant review. Clin Phytosci [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb28];7(1):34. Available from: https://clinphytoscience.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40816-021-00271-7.pdd
6. Saleem A, Naureen I, Naeem M, Tasleem G, Ahmed H, Farooq U. Therapeutic Role of Piper Nigrum L (Black Pepper) and Pharmacological Activities. Sch Int J Biochem [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Feb 28];5(1):15-21. Available from: https://saudijournals.com/media/articles/SIJB_51_15-21.pdd
7. Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2022 Feb 28];46(2):409-20. Available from: https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085
8. Amalraj A, Gopi S. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Asafoetida: A review. J Trad Complementary Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 28];7(3):347-59. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506628/
9. ) Islam MT, Hasan J, Snigdha HS, Ali ES, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, et al. Chemical profile, traditional uses, and biological activities of Piper chaba Hunter: A review. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Feb 28];257:112853. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32283191/
10. Chetty KM. Pharmaceutical studies and therapeutic uses of Plumbago zeylanica L. roots (Chitraka, Chitramulamu). Ethnobotanical Leaflets [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2022 Feb28];10:294-304. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215649528_Pharmaceutical_Studies_and_Therapeutic_Uses_of_Plumbago_Zeylanica_L_Roots_Chitraka_Chitramulamu
11. ) Choudhary S, Kaurav H, Chaudhary G. Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica): A Potential Rejuvenator.Int J Res Appl Sci Biotechnol [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 28];8(2):202-12. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350798692_Citraka_Plumbago_zeylanica_A_Potential_Rejuvenator
12. Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC press; 2002 Jun 27 [cited 2022 Feb 28]; Page No: Available from: https://www.enpab.it/images/2018/James_A.Duke-_Handbook_of_Medicinal_Herbs.pd
13. Parihar BK, Kadibagil VR, Ganti BY. Role of Chitrakadi Vati in Grahani Roga. Int Ayurvedic Medical J. 2016;4(2):121–124. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348704184_ROLE_OF_CHITRAKADI_VATI_IN_GRAHANI_ROGA

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Nirgundi: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects & More!

Introduction

Nirgundi is an Ayurvedic medicine made from the dried leaves of Vitex negundo (Family Verbenaceae), a large aromatic shrub or small tree up to 4.5 m in height, common throughout the country to an altitude of 1500 m in the outer Himalayas¹. It is commonly known as Five-leaved chaste trees, which is a large family of herbs, shrubs, and trees, comprising about 75 genera and nearly 2500 species².

Common names of Vitex Negundo include Nirgundi and Sindhuvara in Sanskrit. Nirgundi is already in clinical use in traditional systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha for the management of pain, headache, inflammation, leukoderma, enlargement of spleen, rheumatoid arthritis, gonorrhoea, bronchitis, fever, cold and cough². The leaves of V.negundo have been reported to possess pesticidal and antifungal properties².

The Sanskrit word for Vitex negundo, a plant commonly known as nirgundi, carries a meaningful translation. ‘Nirgundi’ literally translates to ‘that which protects the body from diseases.’ This herb holds significance in Ayurvedic medicine, as it is mentioned in all of the Ayurvedic Samhitas, which are ancient texts that form the foundation of Ayurveda⁵.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

Chemical Constituents of Nirgundi Plant

Nirgundi contains at least 0.25 percent of negundoside and 1.0 percent of agnuside when assayed¹. The following table contains the chemical components present in the Nirgundi plant: 

• Leaves-  Vitamin-C, artemetin, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, sabenine, globulol, spathulenol, β-farnesene, farnesol, carotene, casticin, 5-hydroxy-6,7,8, 4′-tetramethoxy (gardenin B), linalool, stearic acid, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,3′, 4′-pentamethoxy flavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3′, 4′-tetramethoxy flavones, betulinic acid, ursolic acid. 
• Seeds- β-sitosterol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 5-oxyisophthalic acid, artemetin, vitedoin A, vitedoamine A, vitedoin B, 2β,3α-diacetoxyoleana-5, 12-dien-28-oic acid, 3β-acetoxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, n-tritriacontane, n-hentriacontane, n-pentatriacontane, ß- sitosterol 
• Stem and bark- 3,6,7,3′,4′-Pentamethoxy-5-Oglucopyranosylrhamnoside, vitexin cafeate, 4′-O-methyl myricetin- 3-O-[4′-O-β-D-galactosyl]-β-Dgalactopyranoside, Î²-amyrin, epifriedelinol, oleanolic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, β-sitosterol. 
• Roots- Vitexin and isovitexi, vitexoside, negundin A, negundin B, 6-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthaledehyde, 2β,3α-diacetoxyoleana-5,12-dien-28-oic acid. 

Potential Uses of Nirgundi

The leaves of nirgundi have antibacterial, laxative, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, hypoglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties². The roots, barks, and fruits too have medicinal properties. Roots of nirgundi are one of the ingredients of the herbal formulation called ‘Dashamularishta’, used in the management of colitis, dysentery, diarrhoea, flatulence, fever, vomiting, and colic². The leaves contain alkaloid nisindine, flavonoids like flavones, luteolin-7-glycoside an essential oil, and constituents like vitamin C,  and carotene that account for different biological actions².

Benefits of Nirgundi

1. Benefits of Nirgundi for Infections

•  Nirgundi essential oil showed  antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa².
• The phytoconstituents d-guaiene, germacrene D, and hexadecenoic acid found in nirgundi are responsible for this anti-bacterial activity².  
• The leavd extracts possesses a new flavone glycoside, which has antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes^2,3.

2. Benefits of Nirgundi for Pain

• The anti-inflammatory and pain suppressing activities of fresh leaves of nirgundi are attributed to prostaglandin synthesis inhibition².
• When tested in an animal model, the pain relieving activity of extract of V. negundo was compared with that of aspirin and meperidine.
• The study concluded that the Nirgundi leaves showed strong analgesic activity and may be used as an adjuvant therapy with standard analgesics³.

3. Benefits of Nirgundi for Liver

• The extracts of V. negundo seeds decreased the serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase³.
• The alcoholic seed extract also showed protective action on the liver against Carbon-tetrachloride(CCL4)-induced liver toxicity³.

4. Benefits of Nirgundi for Arthritis

• The heated leaf is used for managing rheumatoid arthritis-related pain and sprains.
• The oil prepared from the leaves can also be used³. 

5. Benefits of Nirgundi for Lungs

Nirgundi root decoction can be used for managing bronchitis and asthma^2,3. 

6. Benefits of Nirgundi for Diabetes

The leaf extracts of Vitex Negundo were reported for their anti-hyperglycemic activity in animals^2,3.

7. Benefits of Nirgundi for Wounds

Washing the wounds with nirgundi leaves extract can aid in cleaning infected ulcers³.

8. Benefits of Nirgundi for Skin

• Nirgundi leaf juice may be beneficial in managing bacterial and parasitic skin infections.
• Nirgundi seeds are used to deal with skin diseases and leprosy⁴.

9. Benefits of Nirgundi as an Antioxidant

• The water-soluble constituents of Vitex negundo possess potent antioxidant activities.
• Human studies might demonstrate its efficacy in humans^2,3.

Nirgundi, a versatile plant, has an amazing mosquito-repellent quality! During the rainy season, the leaves of nirgundi are burned in a fire, that may create a smoky shield that keeps mosquitoes and insects away from both animals and humans⁵.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Nutmeg (Jaiphal): Uses, Benefits, Precautions & More!

How to Use Nirgundi Plant?

The following parts of the Nirgundi plant can be used: 

• Leaves: Nirgundi leaves can be boiled with water and the vapors can be inhaled. Nirgundi leaves can be ground to a paste and applied to the forehead to relieve headaches³.

• Flowers: Flower extracts of Nirgundi may be used in the management of fever, diarrhoea, and liver complaints³.

• Seeds: The seeds can be used with sugarcane or vinegar for the management of swellings. Powdered seeds can be used in the management of spermatorrhea and serve as an aphrodisiac when used along with dry ginger and milk⁴. The seeds can be made into a paste and used with salt and pepper for applying on fractures³. 

• Roots: Root powder, the tincture can be used for managing dysentery. The powdered root is used for anthelmintic properties. Root extract can be dissolved in tender coconut water for a week to suppress kidney problems³.

• Fruit: The dried fruit powder can be taken orally with roasted common salt and warm water for dealing with menstrual disorders, urinary disorders, and indigestion³.

Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dose as per your needs. 

Dry nirgundi leaves have a traditional use of being placed with stored woollen garments. This is because the leaves have properties that repel insects and worms, which may help protect the woollen items from damage⁵.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Suhaga: Uses, Benefits, Precautions & More!

Precautions to Take With Nirgundi

Keep the following points in mind: 

• People with hormone-dependent conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, or cancers of the breast, uterus, and prostate should not take Nirgundi.  
• It is not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding mothers for lack of safety studies.⁴ 

Also Read: Kaunch Beej – Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1st edition, Part I, Volume IX. Delhi (IN): Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy. Monographs (Extracts). Nirgundi. Available from: https://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-1.pdf

2. Kantesh M Basalingappa, Vinutha T, Gopenath TS, et.al. Medicinal Values and Pharmacological Activities of Vitex Negundo LInn.  Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020. II (1) 7579-7589. ISSN –2230-7346. Available from: https://www.jgtps.com/admin/uploads/ksM8L5.pdf

3. Harikesh Mourya, Vikas Rao. The Favorable Role of Alkaloids from Vitex negundo in the Management of Human Ailments. Annals of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2019, Volume 1. Article 1007. Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301516186_Vitex_negundo_Medicinal_Values_Biological_Activities_Toxicity_Studies_Phytopharmacological_Actions [PDF]  

4. SC Ahuja, Siddharth Ahuja, Uma Ahuja. Nirgundi (VItex negundo) – Nature’s GIft to Mankind. Asian Agri-History Vol.19. No 1. 2015 (5-32). [Internet] [Available from – https://www.asianagrihistory.org/pdf/volume19/nirgundi-natures-gift-to-mankind.pdf  
5. Ahuja SC, Ahuja S, Ahuja U. Nirgundi (Vitex negundo) – Nature’s Gift to Mankind. Asian Agri-History. 2015 Jan-Mar;19(1):5-32. Available from: https://www.asianagrihistory.org/pdf/volume19/nirgundi-natures-gift-to-mankind.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Signs You May Have Liver Stress

Introduction

The liver is one of the most hardworking but undervalued organs in the body. While much attention is given to heart health, weight loss, and glowing skin, it is the liver that performs approximately hundreds of essential functions. These include storing nutrients like sugar, minerals, and vitamins to fuel the body; controlling the production and excretion of cholesterol; producing bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and helps break down fats¹; and filtering out harmful substances, such as alcohol, medicines, and environmental factors². 

Just like the heart, the liver can also be stressed; however, unlike heart problems that may show early signs, the symptoms of a distressed liver show up very late. The liver is stressed when it is overworked and becomes sluggish. 

Liver Stress Signs

So, how do you understand if the liver is in distress? Here are 17 symptoms that may indicate your liver is under stress: 

1. Skin Discolouration

Skin discolouration may sometimes be linked to liver problems. If your skin colour changes to jaundice yellow or pale with a blue tinge, your nails or fingertips turn yellow, or you have yellowing of the eyes, it is advisable to visit a doctor. This change in colour occurs because the body is unable to flush out the toxins, which leads to bilirubin accumulating under the skin, causing skin discolouration³. 

2. Digestion Problems

Feel bloated frequently and have constipation too? Frequent indigestion may be associated with liver issues. With bloating, you may experience stomach pain as well⁴. This happens because the bile is unable to break down the food during digestion. 

Another important sign is Spider naevi. Spider naevi or angiomas are small clusters of blood vessels that form just beneath the skin, often spreading outward like a spider’s legs. Angiomas typically appear red or purple in colour. These are often present in excessive numbers in people with liver disease.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD (Pediatrics)

3. Pains and Body Aches

The liver plays an essential role in filtering blood and supports the synthesis of many nutrients needed for good health. However, when the liver is stressed, it may affect the synthesis and delivery of nutrients to muscles, tissues and tendons. This may lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps, weakness, and fatigue⁵. 

4. Fatigue

Do you feel tired all the time? Persistent fatigue may occur when the liver isn’t functioning efficiently. When the body is under continuous strain, it may place additional pressure on the liver and other organs, leading to persistent tiredness. It is best to get your liver checked at this point⁵. 

5. Darker Urine

Is your urine darker than usual? It is possible that this may be due to inadequate water intake, which may cause your stools to be darker too. If you start drinking enough water and the colour of your urine and stool lightens, all may be well. However, if your urine and stool colour are still dark, you should seek medical help as this may be caused by liver problems⁵. 

The culture of fast foods these days is slowly damaging the liver due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Avoiding refined sugar and fast foods and eating before dusk helps a lot in prevention of fat accumulation in the liver, which can allay liver stress symptoms (by promoting weight loss).

Dr. Nikhil Yadav, MBBS MD, CCEBDM

6. Emotional Disturbance

When the liver is stressed, some individuals may experience mood changes or emotional disturbances, such as irritability, anxiety, mood swings, and depression, and some may even experience cognitive impairment, meaning their memory, attention span, and decision-making may be affected⁶. 

7. Loss of Appetite

Another potential liver distress symptom is little-to-no interest in food. A reduced desire to eat is often caused by an underlying health issue and should be taken seriously⁵.  

8. Irregular Sleep Cycles

Although irregular sleep pattern is a common occurrence amongst millennials due to a stressed lifestyle, a study⁷ found that liver cirrhosis was responsible for unusual sleep patterns in many patients. 

9. Failing Memory

When you have liver problems, the liver may not be able to purify your blood adequately. When toxins are not removed from the blood, it may lead to symptoms like memory loss, difficulty thinking, and confusion⁵. 

10. Skin Itchiness

Abnormal skin itchiness may be a symptom of liver cirrhosis³. 

11. Weight Gain

Liver disease tends to develop over time, slowly replacing healthy liver tissue with scarred or damaged tissue. This affects liver function and changes the metabolism, hormonal balance, and many other factors, which may lead to weight gain⁸. 

12. Palms Turn Red

Experts believe that when you develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (liver disease not associated with alcohol), your palms start to turn reddish, an outward indicator of liver dysfunction³. 

13. Enlarged Breasts in Men

Another probable symptom of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the enlargement of breasts in men. Although the exact cause of this is unclear, it is speculated that this may occur due to excess production of the female hormone, oestrogen, in this condition⁹. 

14. Easy Bruising of the Skin

Liver damage also manifests in the form of easy and sudden skin bruises and even bleeding⁵. 

15. Swelling

Swelling in the ankles and feet may also be associated with liver dysfunction. There may also be abdominal swelling due to the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen⁵. 

Liver function tests are commonly recommended blood tests for measuring different enzymes, proteins and other substances made by the liver. Changes noticed in liver function tests should be reviewed by a physician to find the cause and manage the condition.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D., in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Also Read: Liver Fibrosis: What Is It, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

16. Chills

Experiencing chills is often a natural response of the body when the mercury drops or when you are developing a fever. However, if none of this fits the bill, it could indicate cholestasis (blocked or reduced bile flow) associated with liver disease¹⁰. 

17. Other Symptoms of Liver Stress

When the liver is under stress, it can disrupt many bodily functions and may be associated with symptoms such as ringing in the ears, sleep disturbances, dizziness, blurry vision, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal bleeding, reduced sex drive, unexplained weight changes, sensitivity to chemicals, and the appearance of spider veins^11,5. 

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Fatty Liver

Conclusion

A healthy liver is important for overall well-being, as it supports many essential functions like the storage of nutrients, digestion, and filtering blood. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms mentioned in this article, it is advisable to consult your doctor or a liver specialist today to identify the cause of your symptoms and support the timely management of liver issues. 

Also Read: What is Hepatitis A? Causes, Symptoms, and How It Spreads 

References

1. Kalra A, Yetiskul E, Wehrle CJ, Tuma F. Physiology, Liver [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan; [updated 2023 May 1; cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535438/ 
2. Lin HM, Zhang JR, Li MX, Hou H, Wang H, Huang Y. Cigarette smoking and alcohol-related liver disease. Liver Res. 2024 Dec 5;8(4):237-245. doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.12.002.. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11771264/ 
3. Bhandari A, Mahajan R. Skin Changes in Cirrhosis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):1215-1224. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9257870/  
4. Kalaitzakis E. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 28;20(40):14686-95. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4209534/ 
5. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of Cirrhosis [Internet]. NIDDK; [cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/cirrhosis/symptoms-causes 
6. Golabi P, Otgonsuren M, Cable R, Felix S, Koenig A, Sayiner M, Younossi ZM. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is associated with impairment of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016 Feb 9;14:18. doi: 10.1186/s12955-016-0420-z. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4746896/ 
7. Bruyneel M, Sersté T. Sleep disturbances in patients with liver cirrhosis: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Nat Sci Sleep. 2018 Nov 2;10:369-375. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6220431/ 
8. Elsabaawy M. Liver at crossroads: unraveling the links between obesity, chronic liver diseases, and the mysterious obesity paradox. Clin Exp Med. 2024 Oct 14;24(1):240. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01493-y. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11473604/ 
9. Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM. Gynecomastia: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment [Internet]. In: Feingold KR, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, et al., editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000; [updated 2023 Jan 6; cited 2025 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279105/ 
10. Goulding JM, Pitcher A, Piris J, Conlon CP. Fevers, headache and abnormal liver function in a 68-year-old man. J R Soc Med. 2010 Jul;103(7):295-6. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2895522/ 
11. Joung JY, Cho JH, Kim YH, Choi SH, Son CG. A literature review for the mechanisms of stress-induced liver injury. Brain Behav. 2019 Mar;9(3):e01235. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6422711/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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