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Mango (Aam): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Mangoes and summer seasons are a match made in heaven! The sweet and juicy taste coupled with countless health benefits justify why mango is called the “king of fruits”. Mangifera indica, mango or aam, is an important fruit in Ayurveda. It belongs to the genus Mangifera, and family Anacardiaceae which contains 30 different species. India ranks first among the major mango-producing countries. India is famous for its wide range of mango varieties, like Alphonso variety of Ratnagiri, Badami variety of Karnataka, Dasheri variety of Lucknow and Kesar variety of Gujarat to name a few. Mangoes are good for our taste buds and our health. They are also a rich source of fibre, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants like mangiferin and glucosyl xanthone. Let us read more about some mango benefits1

Nutritional Value of Mango

Mango (Aam) is packed with various nutritional components that are given as follows. They are a good source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants like mangiferin and glucosyl xanthone, and carotenes. 

In my opinion, eating mangoes might be a way of giving your body a natural defence against certain diseases. Mangoes might have superpowers against certain types of cancers. Yes, it’s true! Thanks to the magical combination of beta-carotene and other special substances, mangoes might help against leukaemia and even slow down the progression of prostate and colon cancers11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Mango

The mango shows numerous scientifically proven properties; some of these properties are mentioned below: 

Potential Uses of Mango for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of mango are described as follows: 

1. Potential Uses of Mango for Breast Cancer

breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, leading to pre-mature death of females globally. Natural products are now becoming important sources for the discovery of anti-cancer agents. Mangifera indica may have the potential for the management of breast cancers. Banerjee et al. conducted a study in 2015 to assess the effect of mangoes on breast cancer xenografts in mice. This study3 showed that polyphenols like gallic acid, galloyl glycosides and gallotannins in mangoes might have a chemotherapeutic potential against breast cancer. This indicates that mangoes may help in managing breast cancer. However, more studies are required to support these claims. 

2. Potential Uses of Mango in Ulcerative Colitis 

mango

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the colon and rectum. Mangoes may help in reducing inflammation because of the presence of polyphenols like gallotannins and gallic acid. Kim et al. conducted a study4 in 2016 to assess mango’s anti-inflammatory effects in a preclinical colitis model. The results of this study4 showed that mango consumption might help in managing ulcerative colitis. However, more human studies are required to ascertain these claims. 

From my perspective, eating mangoes can be a tasty solution to help with constipation. In a study12, it was found that munching on mangoes might actually improve the symptoms of constipation. Thus, mangoes may be a delicious way to keep things flowing smoothly in your digestive system.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

3. Potential Uses of Mango for Managing Blood Glucose 

regulates blood sugar

Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of bioactive compounds which may help in managing the blood glucose level. The study conducted by Evans et al. 2014 showed that mangoes may reduce blood glucose levels in both females and males. The mango contains tocopherols, carotenoids, dietary fibre, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, quercetin and mangiferin. These biologically active compounds may help in normalising blood glucose levels. However, to claim all these benefits further research and confirmation are needed. If you suspect high blood glucose levels, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate5

4. Potential Uses of Mango for Skin and Hair 

Mangoes, if consumed in moderate amounts, may help achieve healthy hair and nourished skin due to its high Vitamin A content. Additionally, mangoes may act as a natural sunblock by protecting our skin and hair from damage caused due to ultraviolet rays. Therefore, there is a possibility that the consumption of mango can benefit skin and hair, but we need more human studies6 to support these claims. If you have any skin and hair related problems, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate. 

5. Potential Uses of Mango for Managing Macular Degeneration 

eye

Macular degeneration is a common eye disorder which causes vision loss. Mangoes are rich in antioxidants like lutein, zeaxanthin and Vitamin A, which may help deal with macular degeneration. Mango is also rich in carotene which may help in vision. Thus, it may indicate that consuming mango may help manage macular degeneration. However, there is a lack of studies6 to support these claims. 

6. Potential Uses of Mango on Nutrient Intake 

Mango

Mangoes are a good source of nutrients in the diet. The nutrient intake of mango consumers vs. non-consumers was obtained from the NHANES database. It was observed that people who consumed mangoes had a higher intake of magnesium, potassium, folate, Vitamin A, C and E and dietary fibre compared to the non-consumers. This may indicate that the consumption of mangoes can help improve nutrient intake and diet quality. However, more studies7 need to be conducted to support these claims. 

7. Other Potential Uses of Mango

weight loss

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Mango in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Mango on human health.  

Let me tell you a secret. Mangoes are not just delicious; they’re also packed with a special ingredient called mangiferin! This fancy-sounding compound can be found in various parts of the mango fruit, like the peel, stalks, leaves, barks, kernel, and even the stone. Mangiferin might be just the secret weapon as it is high in antioxidants13.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Mango?

This super versatile fruit can be used in the following ways: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements or mangoes in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Also Read: Jackfruit (Kathal): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Side Effects of Mango

A few side effects related to the consumption of mango include: 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to mango, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Precautions to Take with Mango

Eating mango is beneficial if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the given conditions: 

Also Read: Water Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, And More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Mangoes inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are known to metabolize certain drugs like warfarin, propranolol, theophylline, etc. Inhibition of these enzymes can alter the blood concentration of drugs metabolized by this pathway. Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of raw mangoes with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking10

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the scientific name of mango (Aam)? 

The scientific name of mango is Mangifera Indica and it belongs to the family Anacardiaceae1

Can mango help in breast cancer? 

Animal cell line studies support the use of mangoes for managing breast cancers. However, more studies are needed to claim these effects. Thus, it is recommended to consult a doctor for proper treatment3

Which fruit is known as the king of fruits?  

Mango is also known as the “king of fruits”1

Can mango help improve vision? 

Yes. As mango is a rich source of Vitamin A, it may improve vision. However, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis for vision-related problems and not consider the consumption of mango as an alternative to modern medicine6

What are the side effects of mango consumption? 

Consumption of mangoes in excess can cause short-term gastrointestinal disorders like stomach pain and diarrhoea and allergies in allergy-prone individuals10

References

  1. Shah KA, Patel MB, Patel RJ, Parmar PK. Mangifera indica (mango). Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jan;4(7):42-8. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.65325. PMID: 22228940; PMCID: PMC3249901. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249901/ 
  1. Lauricella, Marianna et al. “Multifaceted Health Benefits of Mangifera indica L. (Mango): The Inestimable Value of Orchards Recently Planted in Sicilian Rural Areas.” Nutrients vol. 9,5 525. 20 May. 2017, doi:10.3390/nu9050525. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452255/ 
  1. Banerjee Nivedita, Kim Hyemee, Krenek Kimberly, Talcott Stephen T., Mertens-Talcott Susanne U., Mango polyphenolics suppressed tumor growth in breast cancer xenografts in mice: Role of the PI3K/AKT pathway and associated microRNAs, Nutrition Research (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.00. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0271531715001360 
  1. Kim, Hyemee et al. “Comparison of anti-inflammatory mechanisms of mango (Mangifera Indica L.) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) in a preclinical model of colitis.” Molecular nutrition & food research vol. 60,9 (2016): 1912-23. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201501008. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5026564/ 
  1. Evans, Shirley F et al. “Mango supplementation improves blood glucose in obese individuals.” Nutrition and metabolic insights vol. 7 77-84. 28 Aug. 2014, doi:10.4137/NMI.S17028. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155986/  
  1. Garg, D.P. (2022) 9 health benefits of mangoes – weight loss, immunity, good for skin & more – pharmeasy, PharmEasy Blog. Available at: https://pharmeasy.in/blog/health-benefits-of-mangoes/ (Accessed: November 25, 2022). 
  1. Papanikolaou, Yanni, and Victor L Fulgoni 3rd. “Mango Consumption Is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Weight-Related Health Outcomes.” Nutrients vol. 14,1 59. 24 Dec. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu14010059. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746860/ 
  1. O’Hara, Crystal et al. “Acute Freeze-Dried Mango Consumption With a High-Fat Meal has Minimal Effects on Postprandial Metabolism, Inflammation and Antioxidant Enzymes.” Nutrition and metabolic insights vol. 12 1178638819869946. 19 Aug. 2019, doi:10.1177/1178638819869946. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6700848/ 
  1.  Singh, S. (2022) Mango benefits: 25 healthy reasons to eat mangoes – fitelo, Mango Benefits 25 Healthy Reasons To Eat Mangoes Comments. Available at: https://fitelo.co/mango-benefits/ (Accessed: November 25, 2022).   
  1. Rodríguez-Fragoso, L., Martínez-Arismendi, J.L., Orozco-Bustos, D., Reyes-Esparza, J., Torres, E. and Burchiel, S.W. (2011), Potential Risks Resulting from Fruit/Vegetable–Drug Interactions: Effects on Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Drug Transporters. Journal of Food Science, 76: R112-R124. Available at: https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02155.x 
  2. Lebaka VR, Wee YJ, Ye W, Korivi M. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Three Different Parts of Mango Fruit. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 16;18(2):741. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020741. PMID: 33467139; PMCID: PMC7830918. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7830918/
  3. Venancio VP, Kim H, Sirven MA, Tekwe CD, Honvoh G, Talcott ST, Mertens-Talcott SU. Polyphenol-rich Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Ameliorate Functional Constipation Symptoms in Humans beyond Equivalent Amount of Fiber. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jun;62(12):e1701034. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201701034. Epub 2018 May 29. PMID: 29733520. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29733520/
  4. Imran M, Arshad MS, Butt MS, Kwon JH, Arshad MU, Sultan MT. Mangiferin: a natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders. Lipids Health Dis. 2017 May 2;16(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0449-y. PMID: 28464819; PMCID: PMC5414237. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5414237/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Hibiscus Tea: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Ruby red-coloured hibiscus tea is often consumed as an alternative to regular tea and coffee. It is refreshing and has a tangy flavour. Hibiscus is found in several warm countries like India, Thailand, Vietnam, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Sudan, Egypt, Philippines, and Indonesia. The scientific name of the hibiscus is Hibiscus sabdariffa, and it belongs to the family Malvaceae. Hibiscus is commonly known as ‘roselle’ or ‘red sorrel.’ The fleshy red calyx of hibiscus is often used to make hibiscus tea. Hibiscus is a caffeine-free herbal tea that tastes like berries1. Let us look at some hibiscus tea health benefits.

Nutritional Value of Hibiscus Tea

Brewed hibiscus tea nutrition is as follows2:  

Furthermore, hibiscus has several bioactive compounds like anthocyanin, organic acids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, carotene, and many more1

Properties of Hibiscus Tea

Several studies have shown that hibiscus tea properties may be as follows1:  

Potential Uses of Hibiscus Tea for Overall Health

Some of the potential hibiscus tea uses are: 

1. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Lowering Blood Sugar Levels 

regulates blood sugar
Image Source: freepik.com

A study3  by Jamrozik et al. in 2022 showed that the polyphenols in hibiscus tea might lower blood sugar levels by inhibiting enzymes like α-glucosidase and α-amylase. These enzymes are responsible for digesting carbohydrates and increasing glucose levels after consuming food.However, further studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may help to lower blood sugar levels. Therefore, you must check your blood sugar levels regularly and immediately consult the doctor in case of abnormal sugar levels. 

2. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Lowering Blood Pressure 

high blood pressure
Image Source: freepik.com

A study4 by McKay et al. in 2009 showed that flavonoids like delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside present in hibiscus tea might reduce blood pressure. Hibiscus is a vasorelaxant as it relaxes the tension on the walls of blood vessels; therefore, it may lower blood pressure. However, more studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may lower blood pressure. Therefore, you must check your blood pressure and consult your doctor in case of abnormal blood pressure. 

3. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Lowering Cholesterol 

Cholesterol normal range
Image Source: freepik.com

A study5 by Sanadheera et al. in 2021 showed that hibiscus tea might reduce bad cholesterol levels (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein). Additionally, it may elevate good cholesterol levels (high-density lipoprotein). This may be due to the antioxidant properties of hibiscus tea. However, more studies on humans are yet to be done to check if hibiscus tea may affect cholesterol levels. Therefore, you must check your cholesterol levels and consult your doctor if you have abnormal cholesterol levels. 

4. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Reducing Inflammation 

reduces inflammation
Image Source: freepik.com

A study6 by Raduan et al. in 2013 showed that saponins, flavonoids, and plant sterols might reduce inflammation. Hibiscus tea may inhibit cyclooxygenase. Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that elevates the levels of prostaglandins (lipids responsible for inflammation). However, more studies on humans are yet to be done to check if hibiscus tea may reduce inflammation. You must consult your doctor if you suspect inflammation in your body. 

5. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Weight Management 

weight loss
Image Source: freepik.com

A study7 by F.J. Alarcon-Aguilar et al. in 2007 on mice showed that anthocyanin, cyanidin, and delphinidin in hibiscus tea might reduce weight. Hibiscus tea may reduce weight by reducing the levels of cholesterol and by inhibiting the gastric and pancreatic lipases responsible for increasing the fat levels in the body.7 However, this is the result of animal studies; more studies on humans are required. You must consult your dietitian before making any essential changes to your diet. 

6. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Microbial Infections 

infection
Image Source: freepik.com

A study10 showed that hibiscus tea might possess antibacterial and antifungal activity. Hibiscus tea may possess activity against Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium from the oral cavity, Schistosoma mansoni, and Campylobacter species. In addition, hibiscus tea may reduce the formation of aflatoxin, a toxin produced by fungi. However, more studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may be beneficial for microbial infections. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect a microbial infection. 

7. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Cancer 

Image Source: freepik.com

A study8 by Lin et al. in 2011 showed that hibiscus tea might act against cancer. The polyphenols, like catechin, may be an antioxidants and act against free radicals. Additionally, the polyphenols may inhibit prostate tumours and deactivate the cancerous cells. However, more studies on humans are required to check the anti-cancer effect of hibiscus tea. Therefore, you must immediately consult your doctor if you suspect it instead of self-medicating. 

Though studies show the benefits of hibiscus tea in various conditions, these are insufficient, and further studies are to establish the true extent of the benefits of hibiscus tea on human health. 

How to Use Hibiscus Tea

Here’s a quick and easy hibiscus tea recipe to follow:

You must visit a doctor before taking hibiscus tea in large quantities or any herbal products. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine or herbal preparation without consulting a doctor. 

Also Read: Instant Home Remedies for Digestive Problems

Side Effects of Hibiscus Tea

Studies1 have shown that hibiscus tea is considered safe when consumed adequately. A few hibiscus tea side effects may be gas, upset stomach, and constipation9. If you notice any reaction to consuming hibiscus tea, seek immediate medical attention. Consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. 

1. Estrogen Levels

2. Effects on Kidneys

3. Gas, Upset Stomach, and Constipation

4. General Recommendations

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies For Grey Hair

Precautions to Take with Hibiscus Tea

The following precautions shall be taken before consuming hibiscus tea: 

It is advised to consult your doctor before consuming hibiscus tea if you have any pre-existing diseases. 

Interactions with Other Medicines

Hibiscus tea may interact with the following medicines

You must consult a doctor before taking hibiscus tea if you are undergoing medical treatment.

Also Read: Everyday Benefits of Jeera Water That You Should Know!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the uses of hibiscus tea? 

Hibiscus tea helps lower blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and blood pressure. It may reduce inflammation, help manage weight, and act against microbial infections. In addition, it may act as an antioxidant and reduce cancer risk. However, you must visit your doctor if you have any of the mentioned conditions instead of self-medicating. 

What vitamins are present in hibiscus tea?

Hibiscus tea contains various vitamins, including vitamin C, which contributes to immune support and skin health. Additionally, it provides traces of vitamin A and vitamin B, enhancing its nutritional profile.

What antioxidants are in hibiscus tea?

Hibiscus tea boasts a rich antioxidant profile, featuring anthocyanins that contribute to its vibrant colour and help combat oxidative stress. These antioxidants may provide potential health benefits, such as supporting heart health and reducing inflammation.

Is hibiscus tea acidic?

Yes, hibiscus tea is slightly acidic due to its natural compounds. However, it’s generally considered safe for most people, but individuals with acid sensitivity may want to consume it in moderation.

Is hibiscus tea good for the kidneys?

Hibiscus tea benefits may include supporting kidney health, as it has been associated with lowering blood pressure and reducing oxidative stress. However, individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating it into their diet.

Is hibiscus tea good for periods?

While some believe hibiscus tea may help relieve menstrual cramps and promote a healthy menstrual cycle due to its reported anti-inflammatory properties, scientific evidence is limited. Individuals seeking relief for period-related discomfort should consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.

Is hibiscus tea good for gastritis?

Hibiscus tea might aggravate gastritis symptoms for some individuals due to its natural acidity. It’s advisable for those with gastritis to consult with a healthcare professional to determine whether hibiscus tea is suitable for their specific condition.

Is hibiscus tea contain caffeine?

Hibiscus tea is caffeine-free, making it a suitable choice for individuals looking to avoid or limit caffeine intake. It offers a refreshing option for those seeking a beverage without the stimulating effects of caffeine.

Is hibiscus tea good for PCOS?

Hibiscus tea may be beneficial for individuals with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) as it could potentially help regulate blood pressure and manage insulin resistance. However, individual responses vary, and consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised advice is recommended for those with PCOS.

Is hibiscus tea good for hair growth?

While hibiscus tea is rich in antioxidants that may promote scalp health, scientific evidence on its direct impact on hair growth is limited. For optimal hair growth, it’s crucial to maintain a well-balanced diet and consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Can I drink hibiscus tea in the morning?

Absolutely, you can enjoy hibiscus tea in the morning. Its caffeine-free nature makes it a refreshing and suitable beverage to start your day, offering a burst of flavour without the stimulating effects of caffeine.

Can I drink hibiscus tea while breastfeeding?

While hibiscus tea is generally considered safe, breastfeeding individuals should consume it in moderation due to limited research on its effects during lactation. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before including hibiscus tea in your diet while breastfeeding.

Can I drink hibiscus tea on an empty stomach?

Certainly, drinking hibiscus tea on an empty stomach is generally fine for most people. However, individual reactions vary, so it’s wise to monitor how your body responds. If you experience any discomfort, consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.

Can you eat hibiscus tea leaves?

Consuming hibiscus tea leaves is generally not recommended, as they can be tough and have a strong, concentrated flavour. If you’re considering incorporating hibiscus into your diet, it’s advisable to seek guidance from a healthcare professional to ensure safe and suitable consumption.

Can I drink hibiscus tea while fasting?

Yes, you can drink hibiscus tea while fasting. Its lack of calories and potential health benefits make it a suitable beverage during fasting periods. However, individual responses vary, so it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional, especially if you have specific health concerns or conditions.

Is hibiscus tea good for gut health?

Hibiscus tea may support gut health due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, individual reactions vary, and it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice on incorporating hibiscus tea for gut health.

What does hibiscus tea taste like?

Hibiscus tea boasts a unique flavour profile characterised by its tart and slightly fruity notes. Its vibrant crimson hue complements its refreshing taste, offering a delightful balance of sweetness and acidity.

Is hibiscus tea good for skin?

Hibiscus tea is considered beneficial for the skin due to its antioxidant-rich composition, potentially supporting a healthy complexion and combating free radicals. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice on integrating hibiscus tea into your skincare routine.

Is hibiscus tea good for fatty liver?

Hibiscus tea benefits may include supporting a fatty liver as it has been linked to liver health support and lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, it’s crucial to seek guidance from a healthcare professional for personalised advice tailored to individual health conditions and needs.

 Is hibiscus tea good for the thyroid?

While hibiscus tea is generally considered safe, excessive consumption may interfere with thyroid function due to its iodine content. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice, especially if you have thyroid issues, to ensure it aligns with your specific health needs.

Can hibiscus tea be taken at night?

Yes, hibiscus tea can be consumed at night. It is caffeine-free and may promote relaxation, making it a suitable choice before bedtime. However, individual responses may vary, so it’s advisable to monitor how your body reacts to it.

Can hibiscus tea irritate the bladder?

Hibiscus tea is mildly acidic and may potentially irritate the bladder in some individuals. If you have a history of bladder issues, it’s recommended to monitor your body’s response and consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.

Can hibiscus tea make you sleepy?

Hibiscus tea is caffeine-free and contains compounds that may have a mild sedative effect, potentially promoting relaxation and aiding in sleep. However, individual responses vary, so it’s advisable to observe how your body reacts and consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised guidance.

Can hibiscus tea cause bleeding?

While hibiscus tea is generally safe, it contains compounds that may have mild anticoagulant effects. Consuming large amounts could potentially contribute to bleeding issues, so individuals on blood-thinning medications or with bleeding disorders should consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating it into their diet.

How to make hibiscus tea at home?

To make hibiscus tea, take 2 teaspoons of dried hibiscus petals (or 2–3 fresh petals) in 1 cup of hot water for 5–10 minutes. Strain and enjoy warm or chilled.

References

  1. Singh P, Khan M, Hailemariam H. Nutritional and health importance of Hibiscus sabdariffa: a review and indication for research needs. J. Nutr. Health Food Eng. 2017;6(5):00212. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pragya-Singh-24/publication/319999247_Nutritional_and_Health_Importance_of_Hibiscus_Sabdariffa_A_Review_and_Indication_for_Research_Needs/links/59c64a92458515548f326de6/Nutritional-and-Health-Importance-of-Hibiscus-Sabdariffa-A-Review-and-Indication-for-Research-Needs.pdf 
  2. Beverages, tea, hibiscus, brewed [Internet]. FoodData Central. [cited 2022Nov28]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171946/nutrients 
  3. Jamrozik D, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Żebrowska I. Hibiscus sabdariffa in Diabetes Prevention and Treatment—Does It Work? An Evidence-Based Review. Foods. 2022 Jul 19;11(14):2134. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/14/2134/pdf 
  4. McKay DL, Chen CY-O, Saltzman E, Blumberg JB. Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. tea (Tisane) lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Journal of Nutrition. 2009 [cited 2025 May 19]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20018807/ 
  5. Sanadheera S, Subasinghe D, Solangaarachchi MN, Suraweera M, Suraweera NY, Tharangika N. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.(red Hibiscus) Tea, Can It Be Used as A Home-Remedy to Control Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia?. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry. 2021 Jul 27;10(1):59-65. Available from: https://www.sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/126 
  6. Raduan SZ, Abdul Aziz MW, Roslida AH, Zakaria ZA, Zuraini A, Hakim MN. Anti-inflammatory effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. alba ethanol extracts. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. 2013;5(4):754-62. Available from: https://ir.unimas.my/11330/1/7844.pdf 
  7. Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Zamilpa A, Perez-Garcia MD, Almanza-Perez JC, Romero-Nunez E, Campos-Sepulveda EA, Vazquez-Carrillo LI, Roman-Ramos R. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on obesity in MSG mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2007 Oct 8;114(1):66-71. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874107003637 
  8. Lin HH, Chan KC, Sheu JY, Hsuan SW, Wang CJ, Chen JH. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Chemistry. 2012 May 15;132(2):880-91. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814611016396 
  1. Hibiscus Sabdariffa: Medlineplus supplements [Internet]. MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2022Nov28]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/211.html 
  2. Alharbi AE, AlHussaini AM, Alshami I. A comprehensive review of the antimicrobial effects of hibiscus species. Cureus. 2024 [cited 2025 May 19]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11619808/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Noni Fruit Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Noni fruit juice is a tropical beverage derived from a fruit called Morinda citrifolia. The noni fruit tree grows in Southeast Asian countries, especially in French Polynesia. Noni fruit is a small-sized edible fruit with a bitter flavour, smells like bad cheese, and appears like a grenade. Although noni fruit juice originated in tropical regions, it has become popular globally. The Burmese used noni fruit to prepare curries; the Australians ate it during the cool-dry seasons. Noni fruit juice was the first whole food approved under the novel food regulations of the European Union in 1997. Noni juice can be prepared both by homemade and commercial methods. The homemade method provides 100% pure noni juice. Today, noni fruit juice is considered a safe, functional food that may enhance the body’s immunity. In addition, Noni fruit juice may be a perfect blend packed with potent antioxidants that may help provide several health benefits1,2.​​ Let us discuss the noni fruit juice benefits, its nutritional value, potential uses, and much more. 

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Nutritional Value of Noni Fruit Juice

A 15 ml pure noni fruit juice serving may provide 3.5 kcal of energy3.​​ Nutritional value of Noni Fruit Juice per 15 ml is as follows:

In addition, other bioactive compounds like quercetin, gallic acid, ursolic acid, limonene, xeronine, alizarin, beta-carotene, citifolinoside, scopoletin, damnacanthal, and monoterpene may be present in noni fruit juice. 

Properties of Noni Fruit Juice

Noni Fruit Juice may have the following health-benefitting properties: 

Potential Uses of Noni Fruit Juice

The following are the potential health benefits of noni fruit juice: 

1. For Cancer

Noni fruit juice may have anti-cancer activity. Gastric cancer patients regularly took homemade noni fruit juice, and their condition improved. The effect of cancer reduction may be due to the Noni fruit juice2. However, despite several claims about noni juice being cancer-effective, no human trials exist to back this claim. Therefore, it is essential to consult doctors for cancer treatment and not use it for self-medication.  

2. For Arthritis

Noni fruit juice may have anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it may help improve joint pain and aid in the flexibility and mobility of the joints. One of the traditional names of noni in the Caribbean was “pain killer.” However, in a clinical trial1, participants were given noni fruit juice. At the end of the trials, the patient’s pain intensity was significantly decreased, with complete relief of neck pain. Hence, noni juice may show certain benefits against arthritis. However, if you experience severe joint pain, consult your doctor and take appropriate treatment. 

3. For Weight Loss

In multiple animal studies1, noni fruit juice has shown significant weight loss with a decrease in body fat. In a clinical study5 by Palu et al. 2011, it was found that when obese adults were given noni fruit juice, every participant experienced weight loss. This may help in managing body fat. However, the study could not determine how much noni juice contributed to weight loss. Hence, more clinical studies are needed to propose a firm conclusion about the uses of noni juice for weight loss. 

4. For Diabetes

The benefits of noni juice may include a lowering of blood sugar levels. In an animal study6 by Umezawa et al., 1992 was found that fermented noni fruit juice may significantly decrease fasting glucose levels. They suggested that noni fruit juice may act as insulin directly or increase peripheral tissue sensitivity to the storage of more insulin. However, this is an animal study; therefore, more human research is needed to suggest the potential uses of noni fruit juice for managing diabetes4.​​ 

5. For Skin Health

Noni juice benefits the skin and may be associated with enhancing skin health. In a clinical trial7, West et al. 2012, found that a noni juice-based skin care regimen in women effectively reduced fine lines, facial wrinkles, and firmness when applied on the face. In addition, there was no report of any skin irritation during or after the trial. Hence, drinking noni fruit juice may help to increase skin health. However, if you have any skin-related issues, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Noni Fruit Juice

Though studies show the potential uses of noni-fruit juice in several conditions, these studies are insufficient, and there is a need for further research to develop the true scope of the benefits of noni-fruit juice on human health. Additionally, it is essential to consult a doctor before using noni fruit juice for any medical condition. 

I would suggest noni juice if you’re looking for a natural way to support your bones and potentially protect your hearing. Noni juice might have some unexpected perks! In a study done among post-menopausal women, those who drank noni juice showed a possible increase in bone resorption (which can help with osteoporosis) and also experienced less hearing loss. Plus, their mental health and overall quality of life improved1.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Noni Fruit Juice

Different types of Noni fruit juice are commercially available based on extraction techniques, such as traditional and non-traditional4. These include: 

You should consult a qualified doctor before using noni fruit juice in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation of noni fruit juice without consulting an ayurvedic physician. They will guide you with its form and dosage based on your health condition. 

In my opinion, sipping on some noni juice might help you go that extra mile or power through your workout with more energy. Human intervention studies have shown that noni juice may have a surprising benefit—it could boost physical endurance1!

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Side Effects of Noni Fruit Juice

Noni juice side effects may include: 

Therefore, it is advised to limit the consumption of noni-fruit juice to avoid such side effects. If such side effects appear, consult your doctor and get proper treatment.

Also Read: Lauki Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Noni Fruit Juice

Despite the various advantages of noni juice for good health, it is essential to follow certain precautions:  

I recently came across a fascinating study involving heavy smokers and noni juice. After 30 days of consumption, participants who drank noni juice experienced a significant decrease in levels of superoxide anion radicals and lipid hydroperoxide, which are indicators of oxidative stress. This suggests that noni juice may have antioxidant benefits that are good for individuals exposed to tobacco smoke8.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: 13 Health Benefits of Watermelon and Recipes

Interactions with Other Drugs

More human research and scientific evidence must be conducted to study the possible interaction between noni fruit juice and other drugs. Therefore, people should not assume that there are no interactions at all. Therefore, medical consultations with Ayurvedic doctors are recommended before including noni juice in a diet.

Also Read: Top Health Benefits of Buttermilk

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is noni fruit juice suitable for pregnant women? 

No, noni fruit juice is not suitable for pregnant women. It may interfere with foetal development and may create further complications. Therefore, pregnant women should take precautions and avoid having noni juice

What are the side effects of noni fruit juice? 

The noni juice side effects may include nausea, irregular heartbeats, muscle weakness, and hyperkalemia (high amount of potassium in the blood). Therefore, if you observe such side effects, take proper treatment from your doctor. 

What are the vitamins in noni fruit juice? 

Noni fruit juice contains vitamin C, vitamin B3, and vitamin B9.

What are the benefits of noni juice for blood pressure? 

The advantage of noni fruit juice for blood pressure is that it may help to lower systolic high blood pressure. However, consult your doctors if you have a high blood pressure problem, and do not self-medicate. 

Does noni fruit juice interact with other drugs? 

No major report has recorded the interaction of noni juice with other drugs. However, take medical consultations from your doctors and do not use noni juice to self-medicate unless advised.

References

  1. ​​West B, Deng S, Isami F, Uwaya A, Jensen C. The Potential Health Benefits of Noni Juice: A Review of Human Intervention Studies. MDPI | Foods. 2018;7(58):1–22. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5920423/pdf/foods-07-00058.pdf 
  2. ​Brown A. Anticancer activity of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit: a review. Phytotherapy research. 2012;26(10):1427–40. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22344842/ 
  3. ​Chemical Constituents of Pure Noni Juice [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 27]. Available from: https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/noni/nutritional_analysis_juice.asp 
  4. ​​Ali M, Kenganora M, Santhepete M. Health Benefits of Morinda citrifolia (Noni): A Review. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2016;8(4):321–34. Available from: https://www.phcogj.com/sites/default/files/10.5530pj.2016.4.4.pdf 
  5. Palu AK, West BJ, Jensen J. Noni-based nutritional supplementation and exercise interventions influence body composition. N Am J Med Sci. 2011 Dec;3(12):552–6. doi: 10.4297/najms.2011.3552. PMID: 22363077; PMCID: PMC3271418. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3271418/
  6. Nayak BS, Marshall JR, Isitor G, Adogwa A. Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective activity of fermented fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) in diabetic rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:875293. doi: 10.1155/2011/875293. Epub 2010 Oct 14. PMID: 20981320; PMCID: PMC2958566. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2958566/
  7. West BJ, Sabin RA. Efficacy of a Morinda citrifolia based skin care regimen. Curr Res J Biol Sci. 2012;4(3):310–14. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267201851_Efficacy_of_a_Morinda_citrifolia_Based_Skin_Care_Regimen#:~:text=Digital%20images%20were%20analyzed%20with,baseline%20of%20both%20the%20semi%2D
  8. Wang MY, Lutfiyya MN, Weidenbacher-Hoper V, Anderson G, Su CX, West BJ. Antioxidant activity of noni juice in heavy smokers. Chem Cent J. 2009 Oct 6;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-3-13. PMID: 19807926; PMCID: PMC2765950. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19807926/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Dark Chocolate: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Chocolates are the most commonly available food item; everyone likes them and desires to eat them. It is hard to find a single person who does not like chocolates. Dark chocolates are semisweet, with extra dark having a sweet and bitter taste. It is prepared from cocoa seeds. It is also called black chocolate and is prepared by adding fat and sugar to the roasted and ground cocoa with less milk. It has the highest percentage of cocoa, about 70% to 99%. Chocolate originated in Mexico. Where the Mayans and Aztecs cultivated the cacao tree, which is native to the American tropical rainforest. Due to its health benefits, chocolate drinks were considered “the drink of Gods.” The scientific name of the cocoa tree is Theobroma cacao1,3.​ Let us discuss the health benefits of dark chocolate, its nutritional value, potential uses, and many more.  

Nutritional Value of Dark Chocolate

One hundred grams of dark chocolate may have 598 kcal energy4​. The nutrients of dark chocolate include: 

Nutritional value of Dark Chocolate per 100 grams4.

Furthermore, other biologically active compounds like theobromine, phenylethylamine, N-acyl ethanolamines, tyramine, epicatechin, catechin, procyanidins, alkaloids, polyphenols, and theophylline may be present in it1,2

When it comes to dark chocolate, remember that a little goes a long way. While it offers enticing flavours and potential health benefits, it’s important to be mindful of its calorie content. Dark chocolate can be quite calorie-dense, with around 150-170 calories per ounce8.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Dark Chocolate

The benefits of eating dark chocolate may include the following properties: 

Regular consumption of dark chocolates might reduce inflammation by reducing the levels of C-reactive protein in the body. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory action of dark chocolates is due to the antioxidants and flavonoids in them10.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Dark Chocolate

Dark chocolate may be ideal for enhancing human health2. The following may be the potential uses of eating dark chocolate: 

1. Potential Uses of Dark Chocolate for Cancer

Dark chocolate contains antioxidants like flavonoids and cocoa-derived pentameric procyanidin, which might act against free radicals. These free radicals cause oxidative cell damage and may also lead to cancer. A study5 by Keen CL et al., 2005 suggested that eating dark chocolate may help defend the body from various types of cancer and slow down the signs of ageing. However, new studies are needed to suggest the potential uses of dark chocolate for fighting cancer. Cancer is a serious health condition. Therefore, proper diagnosis and treatment are needed, and do not self-medicate. 

2. Potential Uses of Dark Chocolate for Oral Health

Dark chocolate has a theobromine compound, which might help harden the tooth enamel. It may help maintain proper dental hygiene and lower the risk of dental cavities. In addition, theobromine may suppress the function of the vagus nerve (a nerve that causes coughing) and may help reduce coughs1,2. However, if you have oral health issues, visit your dentist and get a proper check-up. 

3. Potential Uses of Dark Chocolate for Diabetes

Dark chocolate contains magnesium and flavonoids that may potentially function against Type-2 diabetes. A study6 by Grassi D et al., 2005, suggests that it contains flavonoids which may help reduce insulin resistance. Flavonoids may help the cells work normally and restore the ability to use the body’s insulin. Dark chocolate may also have a low glycaemic index and may not cause huge spikes in blood sugar levels2. However, more human studies are required to suggest that dark chocolate acts against diabetes. Diabetes is a serious disease, and it is essential to have a doctor’s consultation.  

4. Potential Uses of Dark Chocolate for Blood Pressure

Dark chocolate may have an antioxidant capacity. Additionally, it contains an epicatechin compound, which may help lower blood pressure and enhance endothelial functions. A study7 by Lakshmana Rao et al., 2014, suggested that epicatechin may reduce high blood pressure and end-organ damage in animal models. Furthermore, dark chocolate also contains flavanol, which might release nitric oxide and plays a key role in high blood pressure1. However, more human research is needed to suggest the use of dark chocolate against high blood pressure. Therefore, take the doctor’s advice and do not use dark chocolate to self-medicate. 

5. Potential Uses of Dark Chocolate for Heart

The advantages of dark chocolate may be associated with reducing heart disorders. It contains minerals such as copper and potassium, which may help against stroke. Dark chocolate also has flavanols that may reduce the chances of atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries). Additionally, it may help the flexibility of arteries and reduce the white blood cells from sticking to the blood vessels2. However, there is a requirement for further studies to conclude the use of dark chocolate for heart diseases. If you have any issues related to the heart, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

6. Potential Uses of Dark Chocolate for Brain

Various data analyses have reported that eating dark chocolate may benefit blood flow to the brain and heart, enhancing cognitive (brain) functions. In addition, its chemical components, which have stimulant activity, may positively affect our mood and brain health. For example, dark chocolate may contain phenylethylamine, which may help release endorphins and increase alertness. It also contains caffeine, a mild stimulant, and may help with mood disorders 1,2. We need more research to develop its uses for human health. Suppose you have any problems related to the brain; consult your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

7. Other Potential Uses of Dark Chocolate

Though studies show the potential uses of dark chocolate in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a necessity for further studies to develop the scope of the benefits of dark chocolate on human health.  

When it comes to chocolate, opt for the dark side! Dark chocolate contains significantly higher amounts of flavanol-rich cocoa solids compared to milk chocolate, packing a powerful punch of health benefits. These flavanols work their magic by supporting the production of nitric oxide in the inner lining of our blood vessels, called the endothelium8.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Dark Chocolate?

Dark chocolate is in the form of liquid, paste, or block1,2. You may use dark chocolate as 

You should consult a qualified doctor before eating dark chocolate in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation of dark chocolate without consulting an Ayurvedic physician. They will guide you with their form and dosage based on your health condition. 

When it comes to dark chocolate, aim for a minimum of 70% cocoa content or higher to maximize your intake of beneficial flavanols. These flavanols are key players in providing potential health advantages. However, do keep in mind that as the cocoa percentage increases, the flavour tends to become more bitter8.

Dr. Ashok Pal, BAMS

Side Effects of Dark Chocolate

There are many advantages of dark chocolate. It may also cause caffeine-related side effects. However, below are a few dark chocolate side effects: 

You must consult your doctors to get the proper treatment if you encounter such side effects. 

Here’s a delightful secret to safeguarding your skin from the sun’s harmful rays: dark chocolate! The antioxidants found in dark chocolate, known as flavonols, come to the rescue by boosting blood flow to your skin and acting as a protective shield against damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation9.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S M.S.

Precautions to Take with Dark Chocolate

Eating dark chocolate in small quantities might be safe. However, eating in larger amounts may be harmful. Therefore, a few precautions are necessary:  

Also Read: Corn Flour: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Interactions with Other Drugs

It may interfere with certain drugs/medicines, leading to drug interaction3​. 

Therefore, you should avoid eating dark chocolate with any medicine, and if any complications arise, consult with doctors.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is dark chocolate? 

Dark chocolate is a sweet, extra-dark food item with a bittersweet taste. Dark chocolate is made from Theobroma cacao seeds by adding cocoa butter (fat) and sugar to the roasted and ground cocoa with less or no milk1,2.

What are the disadvantages of dark chocolate for pregnant women? 

Dark chocolate contains caffeine which may affect pregnant women and the baby in the womb. Therefore, pregnant women are not recommended to have dark chocolate3.

What are the side effects of eating dark chocolate? 

The dark chocolate side effects may be associated with caffeine. It may cause sleeplessness, nervousness, increased urination, fast heartbeat, skin allergies, migraine and headache, nausea, and stomach problems like gas and constipation3.

What are the vitamins of dark chocolate? 

Dark chocolate vitamins may include vitamins like A, K, E, B12, B6, B5, B3, B2 and B4.

What is the percentage of cocoa present in dark chocolate? 

Dark chocolate contains around 70-99% pure cocoa solids, butter, and sugar1.

References

​​1. “Dark chocolate: An overview of its biological activity, processing, and fortification approaches.” Current Research in Food Science. 2022 Oct 15;5:1916-1943. PMCID: PMC9589144. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9589144/

​2. Patel N, Jayswal S, Maitreya B, Nirali Patel. Dark chocolate: Consumption for human health. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019;8(3):2887–90. Available from: https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2019/vol8issue3/PartAO/8-2-565-157.pdf 

​3. Arakelyan H. Chocolate and Drugs Dangerous Interactions [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Nov 26]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275584061_Chocolate_and_Drugs_Dangerous_Interactions 

​4. FoodData Central | Chocolate, dark, 70-85% cacao solids [Internet]. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 2019 [cited 2022 Nov 26]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170273/nutrients 

5. Keen CL, Holt RR, Oteiza PI, Zeng H, Wang H, Gruber HE, et al. Cocoa antioxidants and cardiovascular health. Physiol Behav. 2006 Jul;88(3):189-97. PMID: 15640494. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15640494/

6. Grassi D, Lippi C, Necozione S, Desideri G, Ferri C. Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar;81(3):611-4. doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.3.611. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15755830/

7. Haritha K, Kalyani L, Lakshmana Rao A. Health Benefits of Dark Chocolate. J Adv Drug Deliv. 2014;1(4):184-95. Available from: https://www.scribd.com/document/733636778/1

8. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Dark Chocolate [Internet]. The Nutrition Source; [cited 2025 Sep 18]. Available from: https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/food-features/dark-chocolate/

9. Cleveland Clinic. Is dark chocolate good for you? 6 benefits [Internet]. Cleveland: Cleveland Clinic; 2025 Jul 30 [cited 2025 Sep 20]. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/dark-chocolate-health-benefits

10. Di Giuseppe R, Di Castelnuovo A, Centritto F, Zito F, De Curtis A, Costanzo S, Vohnout B, Sieri S, Krogh V, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Regular consumption of dark chocolate is associated with low serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in a healthy Italian population. J Nutr. 2008 Oct;138(10):1939-45. PMID: 18806104. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18806104/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Cashew Nuts: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More

Introduction

Cashew nuts or Kaju are technically not nuts but seeds. The scientific name of cashew nuts is Anacardium Occidentale L. and belongs to the family Anacardiaceae.  

Cashew nuts grow on evergreen trees, which are native to Brazil and later expanded to South American countries. The Portuguese introduced cashew nuts in India and Africa in the 16th century.  

A single-seeded nut in a hard grey shell grows at the bottom of the cashew apple (a soft and juicy fruit). There are 33 varieties of cashew nuts identified, out of which only 26 varieties are marketed. The W-180 variety is known as the “king of cashews”.  

Cashew nuts are a popular ingredient known for its rich nutty flavour and is used in various Indian dishes and as a dairy alternatives like cream and cashew milk. As for the nutritional composition, cashew nuts are rich in tocopherols, phytosterols, phenolic lipids and several bioactive compounds, all of which have several benefits to human health1

Nutritional Value of Cashew Nuts

Cashew nuts provide a range of nutrients per 100g serving, as outlined below2:  

Cashews have several vital nutrients such as vitamins like vitamin B (thiamine and folate), E, and K. Additionally, they are abundant in minerals like magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and zinc, which are crucial for several body processes11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Cashew Nuts

Scientific literature has found that cashew nuts show numerous properties as those mentioned below:  

Potential Uses of Cashew Nuts for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of cashew nuts are described below.  

1. Potential Uses of Cashew Nuts for the Heart

Consumption of cashew nuts may exert a cardio-protective effect. A study5 conducted to assess the effects of cashew nut consumption on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors supported that consumption of cashew nuts may improve triglyceride levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the same study did not find significant effects on other factors like HDL cholesterol or total cholesterol. While these findings are promising, further high-quality research is needed to confirm the potential benefits. Cashew nuts should be consumed in moderation as part of a varied and balanced diet.  

2. Potential Uses of Cashew Nuts for Cancer

Cashew nuts are rich in proanthocyanidins, a flavanol that is associated with cancer cell replication. Additionally, the presence of copper and other minerals may help reduce the risk of colon cancer. Thus, this may indicate consumption of cashew nuts may exert an anti-cancer effect. However, we need enough studies to support these claims6.  

3. Potential Uses of Cashew Nuts in Pain and Inflammation

Proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6 are involved in the development of chronic pain. Cashew nuts have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving (analgesic) properties, potentially by reducing the production of these inflammatory molecules. They also possess antioxidant activity, which may help protect cells from damage caused by harmful free radicals. These properties suggest that including cashew nuts in the diet may help support the body’s natural response to inflammation and discomfort. However, further research in humans is needed to confirm these potential effects7.  

4. Potential Uses of Cashew Nuts in the Formation of Haemoglobin

Haemoglobin is a protein that enables red blood cells to carry oxygen. Iron and copper are essential micronutrients required for the production of haemoglobin. Cashew nuts are a source of iron and copper and thus may help in the formation of haemoglobin. Additionally, the consumption of cashew nuts may help in managing blood disorders. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and we need more studies to confirm these findings6

5. Potential Uses of Cashew Nuts for Improving Vision

Cashew nuts contain zeaxanthin, an antioxidant known to protect the macula of the eyes from external damage and improve eyesight. This may indicate that the consumption of cashew nuts can help improve vision. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and we need more studies to support these claims6.

6. Potential Uses of Cashew Nuts for Improving Brain Function

Cashew nuts may help in improving brain function. Chemobrain is a term for the adverse effects of chemotherapy-induced brain deterioration. There are no drugs which are available to cure the weakening of the brain caused due to chemotherapy. A study8 conducted in 2022 to assess the effects of cashew nuts consumption on cisplatin-induced brain harm in rats showed that cashew nuts could be used as a functional food to manage cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. This indicates that the consumption of cashew nuts may help improve brain function. However, we need more studies to confirm these claims7.  

7. Other Potential Uses of Cashew Nuts

Cashe nuts may help in managing diabetes, supporting bone health, and improving brain function. Additionally, cashew nuts may contribute to healthy weight management and provide nourishment to the hair. Some evidence also suggests they may assist in the prevention of certain blood disorders9.   

To my knowledge, cashew nuts offer multiple health benefits as they are packed with micro and macronutrients. They are believed to contain natural compounds that could contribute to immune function, exhibit antioxidant properties, and support general wellness. Some studies12 also suggest that they may also play a role in maintaining skin health and supporting iron intake.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Cashew Nuts?

Cashew nuts can be used in the following ways10

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

Side Effects of Cashew Nuts

A few side effects related to the consumption of cashew nuts include3:   

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to cashew nuts, immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms.  

Also Read: List of Protein Rich Food for Vegetarians

Precautions to Take with Cashew Nuts

Eating cashew nuts in moderation is generally considered safe for most people. However, it is important to follow certain precautions while consuming cashew nuts10

Also Read: Chayote: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More 

Interactions with Other Drugs

Cashew nuts show no significant drug interactions with medicines. However, it is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional before including cashew nuts regularly in your diet, especially if you are taking prescribed medication.  

Also Read: Psyllium Husk (Isabgol): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Conclusion

Cashew nuts are a nutritious addition to the diet and may offer several potential health-supporting properties. However, they should be consumed in moderation and may not be suitable for everyone. Further studies are needed to confirm their effects on human health. 

Also Read: Dried Dates: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the scientific name of cashew nuts?

The scientific name of cashew nuts is Anacardium Occidentale L., and it belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. 

Are salted cashew nuts healthy?

Salted cashew nuts can be consumed as snacks occasionally, but they’re not nutritious. It is advised to consume cashew nuts raw, and unsalted without any oils. 

Can consumption of cashew nuts improve eyesight?

Consumption of cashew nuts may help improve eyesight due to the presence of an antioxidant, zeaxanthin. However, there are no studies conducted yet to support these claims. 

What are the symptoms of nut allergy?

The symptoms of nut allergy include urticaria (red bumps on the skin), runny nose, swollen lips, and itchy skin. 

What are the side effects of cashew nuts?

Consuming cashew nuts in excess can result in constipation or weight gain. It may also trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals.  

References

  1. Rico, Ricard & Bulló, Mónica & Salas-Salvadó, Jordi. (2015). Nutritional composition of raw fresh cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) kernels from different origins. Food Science & Nutrition. 4. 10.1002/fsn3.294. available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282907291_Nutritional_composition_of_raw_fresh_cashew_Anacardium_occidentale_L_kernels_from_different_origin  
  2. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 May 21]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/2515374/nutrients  
  3. Siracusa R, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Cordaro M, D’Amico R, Genovese T, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Smeriglio A, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D. The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anacardium occidentale L. Cashew Nuts in a Mouse Model of Colitis. Nutrients. 2020 Mar 20;12(3):834. doi: 10.3390/nu12030834. PMID: 32245085; PMCID: PMC7146548. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7146548/  
  4. Mahboobi S. The Effect of Cashew Nut on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (P06-117-19). Curr Dev Nutr. 2019 Jun 13;3(Suppl 1): nzz031.P06-117-19. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzz031.P06-117-19. PMCID: PMC6573847. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6573847/ 
  5. Mahboobi S. The Effect of Cashew Nut on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (P06-117-19). Current Developments in Nutrition [Internet]. 2019 Jun 1 [cited 2025 May 22];3(Supplement_1). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6573847/  
  6. Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Scuto M, Crupi R, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Jul 24;9(8):660. doi: 10.3390/antiox9080660. PMID: 32722199; PMCID: PMC7465066. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7465066/ 
  7. Akomolafe SF, Asowata-Ayodele AM. Roasted cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut-enhanced diet forestalls cisplatin-initiated brain harm in rats. Heliyon. 2022 Oct 12;8(10):e11066. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11066. PMID: 36276737; PMCID: PMC9578995. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578995/  
  8. Akintunde JK, Akomolafe VO, Ugbaja RN, Olude AM, Folayan AD. Development of therapeutic supplement using roasted-cashew-nut to protect cerebral vasoconstriction injury triggered by mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of rat model. Toxicology Reports [Internet]. 2025 Feb 5 [cited 2025 May 22];14:101943. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750025000617  
  9. Rico R, Bulló M, Salas‐Salvadó J. Nutritional composition of raw fresh cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) kernels from different origin. Food Science & Nutrition [Internet]. 2015 Oct 6 [cited 2025 May 22];4(2):329–38. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4779481/  
  10. Services D of H & H. Nut allergies [Internet]. www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au. [cited 2025 May 22]. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/nut-allergies#symptoms-of-nut-allergies  
  11. Akyereko YG, Yeboah GB, Wireko‑Manu FD, Alemawor F, Mills‑Robertson FC, Odoom W. Nutritional value and health benefits of cashew apple. JSFA Rep [Internet]. 2023 Feb;3(3):110–118. doi:10.1002/jsf2.107. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jsf2.107
  12. Rosen T, Fordice DB. Cashew nut dermatitis. South Med J. 1994 Apr;87(4):543–6. doi: 10.1097/00007611-199404000-00026. PMID: 8153790. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8153790/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Raw Mango: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Kacchi kairi” or raw mango is reminiscent of our childhood days for many of us. The name itself is sufficient to stimulate our taste buds. The scientific name of mango is “Mangifera indica”, and it belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. Be it the tangy kacchi kairi (raw mango) or the sweet ripened fruit, mangoes are one of the most relished fruits in India. 

There are over 30 different species of mango, each with a unique taste, colour, size, and shape. Every part of the mango tree has some medicinal properties. For example:

Various parts of the tree have also been used as antiseptic, dentifrice (tooth powders and toothpaste), diaphoretic (to increase perspiration), and vermifuge (anti-helminthic).

The taste and numerous health benefits justify why mango is called the “King of Fruits.” Let’s find out more about this nutrient-rich fruit.

Nutritional Value of Raw Mango

Raw mango is a great source of nutrients, rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and carotenoids. Here are the nutritional components of raw mango per 100 grams2:

Did you know?

Properties of Raw Mango

Research has found that the consumption of raw mangoes may show the following properties:

Potential Uses of Raw Mango for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of raw mango are described as follows: 

1. May Support Weight Management

Raw mango is high in fiber and low in calorie content and can help manage weight. Yanni et al. conducted a study5 in 2022 to assess the effect of mango consumption on weight-related health outcomes. It was found that the male adults who consumed raw mangoes showed a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference and body weight compared to the non-consumers. This may indicate that the consumption of raw mangoes may help in weight management. However, more studies to support these claims are needed3,4

2. Potential Uses in Cancer-Focused Studies

Raw mango is rich in antioxidants like polyphenols and mangiferin. A review6 conducted in 2017 stated that mangiferin helps inhibit cell proliferation and apoptosis (cell death). It is known to interfere with cell cycle regulation and thus, the carcinogenic pathway. This may indicate that raw mangoes can help in managing cancers. However, human studies are required to ascertain these claims. 

3. May Promote Liver Health

Raw mangoes may help in avoiding liver problems by stimulating bile production. Bile is a juice produced by the liver that helps break down fats and aids digestion. It helps in the removal of drugs and toxins from the body. Additionally, mangiferin, an antioxidant in raw mangoes, has a hepatoprotective function. This may indicate that consuming raw mangoes may help improve the liver’s health. However, no human studies have been conducted so far to support these claims3,5

4. May Support Heart Health

Raw mangoes contain a unique antioxidant, mangiferin, which helps balance triglycerides, cholesterol, and fatty acids. Additionally, the fibre, potassium, and vitamin content in mangoes may help reduce the risk of cardiac diseases. Therefore, there is a possibility that the consumption of mangoes can help promote a healthy heart, but we need more human studies to support these claims3

5. May Benefit Skin and Hair

Due to the presence of nutrients like Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, proteins, iron, zinc, etc., raw mangoes are a good option for nourished hair and healthy skin. Furthermore, vitamin C is important for forming collagen, which strengthens the hair and skin. In addition, raw mangoes may help improve hair growth and produce sebum, which is known to moisturise the scalp and keep the hair healthy. This indicates that the consumption of raw mangoes may exert a beneficial effect on hair and skin. However, there needs to be more studies to support these claims in humans3.   

6. May Aid in Blood Disorders

Raw mangoes are rich in Vitamin C, which may help reduce the risk of various blood disorders like haemophilia, anaemia, and blood clot formation. Additionally, raw mangoes may help increase the elasticity of blood vessels and aid the hematopoiesis process (formation of new blood cells). This indicates that consuming raw mangoes may help manage blood disorders. However, as the scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, it is best to seek a professional opinion if you might be suffering from a blood disease3.  

7. Other Potential Uses of Raw Mangoes

Though there are studies that show the benefits of raw mangoes in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of raw mangoes on human health.  

Did you know that one cup (165-gram) of sliced, raw mango contains approximately 100 calories? Mangoes are not only delicious but also provide a satisfying and nutrient-rich snack option5.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Raw Mango

Raw mangoes can be used in the following ways: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Individuals with a latex allergy should exercise caution when consuming mangoes, as they may experience a cross-reaction. This means that the proteins in mangoes can trigger an allergic response in those who are sensitive to latex7.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Side Effects of Raw Mango

A few side effects related to the consumption of raw mango include: 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to raw mango, discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Also Read: Red Rice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More

Precautions to Take with Raw Mango

Eating raw mango is okay if it is taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed while consuming raw mango. The majority of the precautions are: 

Also Read: Bakuchi: Uses, Benefits, Dosage & Side Effects

Interactions with Other Drugs

Raw mangoes inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are known to metabolise certain drugs like warfarin, propranolol, theophylline, etc. Inhibition of these enzymes can alter the blood concentration of drugs metabolised by this pathway. Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your doctor about the possible interaction of raw mangoes with other drugs, and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking.

Also Read: Peanuts: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the scientific name of mango? 

The scientific name of mango is “Mangifera indica”, and it belongs to the family Anacardiaceae1

Which fruit is known as the “King of fruits”? 

Mango is known as the king of fruits1

Can the consumption of raw mango improve eyesight?  

Raw mangoes contain a high level of carotenoids, which may help improve eyesight. However, there are no human studies which have proven these claims. So, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment.

What are the side effects of raw mangoes? 

Consumption of raw mangoes in excess can result in stomach pain and diarrhoea. Some people may experience allergies or throat pain after consumption of certain raw mango varieties.  

Is it safe to consume raw mangoes when taking medicines? 

Since raw mangoes can inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzymes, medicines which are metabolised by this pathway may show an unwanted reaction. So, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper advice. 

References

  1. Shah KA, Patel MB, Patel RJ, Parmar PK. Mangifera indica (mango). Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jan;4(7):42-8. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.65325. PMID: 22228940; PMCID: PMC3249901. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249901/ 
  2. Karate M, Khobragade U, Kamble K. Physical and engineering properties of raw mango fruit relevant to raw mango cutting machine. Multilogic Sci. 2023 Jul; XIII(XXXVII):959. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387261407_PHYSICAL_AND_ENGINEERING_PROPERTIES_OF_RAW_MANGO_FRUIT_RELEVANT_TO_RAW_MANGO_CUTTING_MACHINE
  3. Imran M, Arshad MS, Butt MS, Kwon JH, Arshad MU, Sultan MT. Mangiferin: a natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders. Lipids Health Dis. 2017 May 2;16(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0449-y. PMID: 28464819; PMCID: PMC5414237. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5414237/ 
  4. Rodríguez-Fragoso, L., Martínez-Arismendi, J.L., Orozco-Bustos, D., Reyes-Esparza, J., Torres, E. and Burchiel, S.W. (2011), Potential Risks Resulting from Fruit/Vegetable–Drug Interactions: Effects on Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Drug Transporters. Journal of Food Science, 76: R112-R124. Available at: https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02155.x 
  5. Papanikolaou Y, Fulgoni VL 3rd. Mango Consumption Is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Weight-Related Health Outcomes. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 24;14(1):59. doi: 10.3390/nu14010059. PMID: 35010933; PMCID: PMC8746860. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8746860/
  6. Xia J, Zhang Y, Liu Z, et al. Mangiferin targets PFKFB3 to inhibit glioblastoma progression by suppressing glycolysis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Biochem Pharmacol. 2025;206:115356. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2025.115356. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923025003326
  7. Bajpai R. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) health benefits. Just Agriculture E-Newsletter. 2020 Sep;1(1):237–9. Available from: https://justagriculture.in/files/newsletter/sep/046.%20Mango%20(Mangifera%20indica%20L.)%20Health%20benefits.pdf

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Raisins (Kishmish): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

We often get sugar cravings where most of us reach for high-sugar foods like cookies, candies, a fun-size ice cream, or a chocolate bar despite knowing its bad effects. However, we bring you a nutritious and healthy snack, which might help with your sugar cravings. Raisins are dried grapes and are considered a traditional dried fruit. Raisins are sweet, consisting of sugar, with high fibre and provide satiety. Raisins are made from Vitis vinifera grapes and are largely produced in the United States, followed by Turkey, China, Iran, Chile, Greece, and Australia. Varieties of raisins are available, which include Dark raisins made from Thompson seedless grapes, Golden raisins, Sultanas, and Zante currant raisins processed by sun-drying or dehydrating grapes1,2. Let us discuss the health benefits of eating raisins, their nutritional value and more. 

Did you know?

Nutritional Value of Raisins

Raisins are rich in sugar, fructose, and glucose. They have an abundance of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds like vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonols. One hundred grams of raisins may provide 301 kcal energy, and the water content is 14.9 g1,3. The nutrients of raisins include: 

Here’s the information in pointer format:

Properties of Raisins

Raisins may have health-benefitting properties like: 

Let me share an interesting fact with you. Raisins, those little dried grapes, are packed with powerful antioxidants like polyphenols, tannins, and phenolic acids. In an animal study, researchers discovered that feeding ageing rats a diet rich in black raisins may lead to higher antioxidant levels in their bodies. The exciting part is that these antioxidants possibly had a positive impact on the rats’ spatial memory, cognitive function, and motor skills7.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Raisins

Including raisins in a daily diet may provide favorable health benefits. The following may be the potential advantages of raisins: 

1. Potential Uses of Raisins for Heart Health

Bad cholesterol may be a culprit for various heart diseases. Raisins are a good source of dietary fibre (fructans) and phytochemicals, which may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies have found that the benefits of eating raisins with other foods might lower blood lipids (fats) and cholesterol levels in patients suffering from high cholesterol problems. Adding raisins to your diet might provide enough fibre and might reduce the risks of heart disease1,2,4. However, more studies are needed to suggest the advantages of raisins for fighting heart problems. 

2. Potential Uses of Raisins for Oral Health 

Raisins contain antioxidants, which might play an antibacterial role against oral bacteria. In addition, raisins may be low in sucrose concentration, limiting the formation of dental plaques. Hence, eating raisins may be beneficial for oral health. The phytochemicals present in raisins may act as antibacterial and may inhibit the growth of oral bacteria that cause dental diseases1. However, if you have a dental problem, visit a dentist and get a clean-up. 

3. Potential Uses of Raisins for Blood Pressure 

blood pressure
Image Source: freepik.com

High blood pressure may cause hypertension. The benefits of eating raisins daily may provide enough potassium and dietary fibre, which may lower blood pressure. Furthermore, raisins may also contain polyphenols, which might release nitric oxide and may act to control high blood pressure1. However, more clinical studies are required to draw a firm conclusion about using raisins against blood pressure. Till then, take doctor’s consultations and do not use raisins to self-medicate. 

4. Potential Uses of Raisins for Weight Loss 

Image Source: freepik.com

Losing weight is challenging, and a fibre-rich diet may facilitate weight loss. Eating raisins may make you feel full and reduce hunger. The gut hormones might be altered, feeling satisfied and reducing energy intake. It might limit the absorption of fat and starch in the bowel. Thus, having raisins may lead to lesser absorption of complex carbohydrates, which might help in maintaining correct body weight and may aid weight loss1,4. So, adding raisins to your weight loss meal might help you lose weight. However, more studies are required to support the true scope of raisins health benefits on humans. 

5. Potential Uses of Raisins for Thyroid 

A high-fat diet may disturb the functions of the thyroid gland. An animal study5 (Ayuob et al., 2022) found that raisins may contain fibres, polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which may be powerful antioxidants. These nutrients might help modulate the levels of thyroid hormones. It may increase the production and action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the body5. However, this animal study is insufficient; more human studies are required to support the uses of raisins for thyroid imbalance. If you have thyroid problems, consult a doctor, and do not self-medicate. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Raisins  

Though studies show the potential uses of raisins in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a necessity for further studies to develop the true scope of the benefits of raisins on human health. In addition, each person may respond differently to these herbs. Additionally, it is essential to consult a doctor before using raisins for any medical condition. 

I came across a fascinating study that revealed something truly amazing. Black raisins might just be a natural remedy against anaemia! In a study with rats, researchers found that providing anaemic rats with raisin extract potentially improved their blood count and made their red blood cells appear to be healthy and normal. So, if you’re looking for a delicious and nutritious way to boost your iron levels, adding black raisins to your diet might be a wise choice8.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Raisins?

Grapes were dried for storage and travel in prehistoric times. Since then, raisins have been produced as food. Raisins are cherished because of their sweet flavour and do not require refrigeration2. You may use raisins as 

You should consult a qualified doctor before using raisins in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation of raisins without consulting an Ayurvedic physician. They will guide you with its form and dosage per your health condition. 

Side Effects of Raisins

Eating raisins (Kishmish) might be safe. However, a few reports suggest raisin allergies in small children. Raisin allergy is rare and uncommon6. The raisins side effects might be observed as follows:  

However, if any allergic reactions are encountered, you must immediately rush to the hospital and consult your doctor to get the proper treatment for your allergies. 

Also Read: Mango (Aam): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Raisins

Eating raisins in small quantities might be safe. However, a few precautions are necessary:  

Also Read: Hibiscus: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

More research and scientific data are needed to state the potential interaction between raisins and other drugs. Therefore, one must take medical consultations with Ayurvedic doctors before using raisins in a regular diet.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are raisins? 

Raisins are a traditional dried fruit. Raisins are produced from sun-drying or dehydrating Vitis vinifera grapes variety. They are sweet-flavoured and consist of fibre, proteins and other phytochemicals which are beneficial for health1,2.

What are the different varieties of raisins (Kishmish)? 

Different varieties of raisins include Dark raisins made from Thompson seedless grapes, Golden raisins made from Muscat grapes, Sultanas produced from seedless yellow grapes and Zante currants raisins from black Corinth grapes. Today, around 95% of raisins are produced from dried “Thompson seedless” grapes1,2.

Do raisins benefit oral health? 

Raisins contain antioxidants, which may have antibacterial activity against oral bacteria. They also have a low concentration of sucrose, which limits dental plaque formation. Hence, raisins may benefit oral health1. However, in case of dental issues, take the doctor’s advice and do not self-medicate. 

Which are the essential vitamins of raisins? 

The essential vitamins in raisins include vitamins E, C, K, B9, B6, B3, B2 and B13.

Do raisins have disadvantages? 

A few disadvantages of eating raisins may include allergic side effects such as nausea and itching of the mouth within a few minutes of having raisins6.

References

1. Olmo-Cunillera A, Escobar-Avello D, Pérez A, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Lamuela-Raventós R, Vallverdú-Queralt A. Is Eating Raisins Healthy? Nutrients. 2020;12(54):1–17. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019280/pdf/nutrients-12-00054.pdf 

2. Williamson G, Carughi A. Polyphenol content and health benefits of raisins. Nutri Res. 2010;30(8):511–9. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0271531710001375 

3. FoodData Central. Raisins, golden, seedless [Internet]. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2019 [cited 2022 Oct 6]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168164/nutrients 

4. Bell S. A Review of Dietary Fiber and Health: Focus on Raisins. J of Med Food. 2011;14(9):877–83. Available from: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jmf.2010.0215 

5. Ayuob N, Shaker S. Raisins preserve the function and structure of the thyroid gland. J of Micro and Ultras. 2022;10(2):55–62. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9272700/pdf/JMAU-10-55.pdf 

6. Chibuluzo S, Pitt T. Raisin allergy in an 8-year-old patient. Aller, Asth and Clini Immu. 2014;10((Suppl 2): A6):23–6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304147/pdf/1710-1492-10-S2-A6.pdf 

7. Ghorbanian D, Gol M, Pourghasem M, Faraji J, Pourghasem K, Soltanpour N. Spatial memory and antioxidant protective effects of raisin (currant) in aged rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2018;23(3):196-205. doi:10.3746/pnf.2018.23.3.196. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6195892/

8. Abu Zaid FA, Abduljawad EA, Aljadani HM, Ali NM, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Ibrahim M, Ali SS, Abunasef SK, Ahmed OT, Amin HA, Al Jaouni SK. Black raisins improved experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia: biochemical and histological evidence. J Pharm Res Int. 2021;33(34A):188–201. doi: 10.9734/JPRI/2021/v33i34A31839. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353005864_Black_Raisins_Improved_Experimentally_Induced_Iron_Deficiency_Anemia_Biochemical_and_Histological_Evidence

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Paneer: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

India is an agricultural land and is the largest milk-producing country in the world. Milk is an important component of a vegetarian diet as an essential source of protein. Various milk products are available, and one such important product is paneer. Paneer is a popular dairy product native to South Asia and India. Paneer is a soft cheese prepared by heating and coagulating buffalo or cow milk using citric acid (lemon juice), lactic acid, or sour milk. Good quality paneer appears in marble white, having a firm, spongy, and smooth texture with a sweet, acidic, and nutty flavor. Varieties of paneer may include conventional, low-fat, filled, and vegetable-impregnated paneer. Let us learn more about paneer benefits, nutritional value, properties, and more1,2.

Nutritional Value of Paneer

Paneer is low in lactose and rich in fat, protein, calcium, vitamins, phosphorus, and minerals1. The nutritional value of paneer is described below: 

Nutritional value of paneer per 100 grams3

Properties of Paneer

Paneer contains micronutrients that play major biological activities necessary for our healthy growth. The major properties of paneer include: 

Potential Uses of Paneer

Paneer may have several health benefits when consumed in moderate quantities. The advantages of eating paneer are described below 

1. Potential uses of paneer for bone health 

Paneer may be a rich source of calcium. Adding paneer to your diet might provide sufficient nutrients to your bones, making them stronger. So, eating paneer might increase bone strength and may increase bone mineral density4. However, do not self-medicate; consult with your doctors first and have paneer if advised.  

2. Potential uses of paneer for bladder stones 

Paneer may provide adequate levels of nutrients, which might lower the chances of stone formation in the urinary bladder. Paneer may be a natural source of minerals which might stop the stone formation in the bladder and urinary system4. However, bladder stone is a serious health condition; therefore, consult a physician and get a proper diagnosis and treatment. 

3. Potential uses of paneer for immunity 

The benefits of eating paneer may help in maintaining a proper immune system. Paneer is a rich source of vitamins, proteins, and minerals. The presence of these compounds and biologically active compounds may help in acting against malnutrition in children and may act against asthma (respiratory-related problems). It may act as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. Based on these, Paneer may help boost immunity4.  

4. Potential uses of paneer for blood pressure 

Paneer is a rich source of protein and nutrition. It is full of mineral elements such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium. This may play a central role in regulating and lowering high blood pressure. A healthy, balanced diet with paneer containing these minerals and proteins might keep a check on your blood pressure4. However, in cases of high blood pressure, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate. 

5. Potential uses of paneer for weight loss 

Paneer may be loaded with healthy fats and proteins. It is also low in carbohydrates, which might be a healthy choice for people looking to lose weight. During weight loss, protein is crucial, and paneer might be an excellent vegetarian source of protein. Thus, adding paneer to your diet regime might help you lose body weight4. However, more research is needed to support the benefits of paneer for weight loss. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Paneer 

Though studies show the benefits of paneer in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to develop the scope of the benefits of eating paneer on human health. In addition, each person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is essential to consult a physician before using paneer for any medical condition.  

How to Use Paneer?

Paneer is used for preparing various culinary dishes and snacks4.  

However, the shelf life of paneer is less than other milk products. Paneer must be refrigerated at 10 °C and used within three days; otherwise, it loses its freshness. It gets easily spoiled due to contamination by microbes, which may be observed as a greenish-yellow slime with discolouration and off-flavour and smell.1 

People should consult a doctor before using paneer in large quantities. Further, we recommend not to replace or discontinue any ongoing treatment of medications with any ayurvedic or herbal preparations of paneer without taking the medical advice of a doctor. They will guide you with its form and dosage per your health condition. 

Also Read: Kayam Churna: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Side Effects of Paneer

No major study reports the side effects of paneer. However, paneer may contain a low level of lactose1. So, lactose-intolerant people might fall ill from digestive problems like diarrhoea, bloating, etc.  

Also Read: Masoor Dal: Uses, Benefits, Nutritional Value & more!

Precautions to Take with Paneer

Overindulging in paneer is not advised. Therefore, general precautions need to be followed: 

Also Read: Kanchanar Guggulu: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

More research is needed to suggest the interactions between paneer and other drugs. Therefore, you should take medical advice from your Ayurvedic doctors. They will direct you to a better way to have paneer. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of paneer for children? 

Paneer has high nutritional value, making it an ideal food for growing children. Paneer may provide a good amount of calcium to fight against tooth decay in small children. Paneer is densely packed with fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Thus, paneer might fulfil the nutritional need of a child, benefiting against malnutrition4. In such cases, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate. 

Which are the essential vitamins of paneer?  

The essential vitamins in paneer may include vitamins A, B12, B9 (folate), B7 (biotin), B6, B5, B3 (niacin), B2 (riboflavin), and B1 (thiamine)3

What is the shelf life of paneer? 

Paneer has a shorter shelf life and may be stored for only six days at an ambient temperature of 7°C to 10°C1

How to check for the spoilage of paneer? 

Spoilage of paneer may occur due to the growth of microorganisms on its surface. You may notice a greenish-yellow slime formation on the surface of the paneer and a discolouration with an off flavour; it is a sign your paneer is spoiled1

References

1. Kumar S, Rai D, Niranjan K, Bhat Z. Paneer-An Indian soft cheese variant: a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(5):821–31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008736/pdf/13197_2011_Article_567.pdf 

2. Farkye N. Acid-Heat Coagulated Cheeses. In: McSweeney Paul, Fox Patrick, Cotter Paul, Everett David, editors. Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology. 4th ed. Academic Press; 2017. p. 1111–5. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124170124000442 

3. Paneer [Internet]. Nutrition Value. [cited 2022 Oct 8]. Available from: https://www.nutritionvalue.org/public_ingredient_7131.html 

4. Pal M. Paneer: A Very Popular Milk Product in the Indian Sub-continent. Beverage & Food World. 2019;46(7):23–5. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334592058 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Soya Chunks: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

In the last few years, the vegetarian diet has been gaining popularity as many people are looking for alternatives to non-vegetarian foods. The animal diet contains protein, which is an essential part of one’s diet and crucial for human growth. However, vegetarians can’t consume meat. Alternatively, plant-based protein, like soya chunks, is now being utilised to meet the protein demand. Soya chunks are derived from soya bean which is scientifically known as Glycine max, belonging to the pea family (Fabaceae). Soybeans, part of the legume species, contain proteins. Glycinin and β-conglycinin. Along with proteins, they also contain lipids, dietary fibres, and moisture1. Let us learn more about the benefits of eating soya chunks.

Nutritional Value of Soya Chunks

Soya chunks contain 335 kcal of energy per 100g. The other nutrients present in soya chunks per 100gm are2

Properties of Soya Chunks

Soya chunks are derived from soya beans, and the following are the properties of soya chunks: 

Potential Uses of Soya Chunks for Overall Health

The potential soya chunks benefits are:  

1. Potential uses of soya chunks for cardiovascular disease

Soya chunks may have low saturated fat compared to animal-based proteins. It may also have low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides in low quantities. This may prevent the risk related to cardiovascular diseases like diabetes and obesity5. Based on this, soya chunks may be used against cardiovascular diseases. If you have heart-related issues, contact your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

2. Potential uses of soya chunks for cholesterol  

Soya chunks may reduce cholesterol levels. It contains protein and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein)6. A randomised controlled study7 showed that regular consumption of protein may decrease cholesterol levels.The soya chunks are less in carbohydrates and rich in protein sources, which may help in decreasing cholesterol levels. If you have cholesterol-related issues, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

3. Potential uses of soya chunks for menopausal symptoms 

Soya chunks benefits for females in hot flashes are a symptom of menopause and can be due to decreased estrogen levels. Isoflavones present in soybeans have a chemical structure similar to estrogen. Regular intake of soya chunks containing isoflavones may potentially give the same result. Isoflavones bind weakly to estrogen receptors and may give estrogen-like activity. This helps because ovaries stop producing estrogen during menopause. Therefore, when isoflavones might give estrogen-like activity, they may help reduce the symptoms5. If you have any of these symptoms, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

4. Potential uses of soya chunks for osteoporosis  

Bone loss is another condition associated with menopause. Soya chunks are rich in proteins as well as isoflavones and calcium. It may prevent the risk of osteoporosis and may improve brain health. A study5 reviewed that soya protein consumption may influence bone mineral density. In addition, a reduction in bone resorption turnover rate may be observed in many randomised controlled trials. Another study8 showed that women who consumed soya protein isolate may have lower markers of bone turnover when compared to placebo.1 If you have any bone-related problems, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

5. Potential uses of soya chunks for cancer prevention  

Soya chunks may help in cancer elimination as they are rich in various nutrients. These nutrients may inhibit abnormal cell division and may serve as an anti-cancer inhibitor in various forms of cancer. The presence of genistein, an isoflavone, may block cancer tumours and may provide nourishment for proper growth9. If you have any cancer-related problems, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate.  

6. Potential uses of soya chunks for weight loss  

Soya chunks are rich in protein and have fewer carbohydrates. The regular consumption of soya chunks may help in weight loss5. Soya protein may control hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, which indirectly may help in reducing weight. If you are obese and want to lose weight, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate. 

Other Potential Uses of Soya Chunks

Alternative to animal meat protein

Another health benefit of soya chunks is that vegetarians and vegans who do not consume meat-based products can potentially get their source of daily protein from them. Soya chunks are rich in protein and are plant-based.  

For instance, soya chunks are a good source of arginine and glycine, which are crucial nutrients in the urea cycle and collagen synthesis5

Though there are studies that show the benefits of soya chunks in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of soya chunks on human health.  

Also Read: Brahmi: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and more!

How to Use Soya Chunks?

You can incorporate soya chunks into your meals regularly. Soya chunks have to be boiled and then can be incorporated into many dishes. A few ways to do this are: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking soya chunks or any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

Also Read: Paneer: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Side Effects of Soya Chunks

Anything consumed in excess can have a side effect. Eating soya chunks daily can have disadvantages. The most common side effects of consuming soya chunks are: 

Also Read: Sabudana (Sago Pearls): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Precautions to Take with Soya Chunks

Soya proteins are largely beneficial to humans; however, consumption over the recommended amount can cause adverse reactions like nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and allergic reactions. In a review, it was observed that soya proteins may have effects on endocrine glands, toxic effects on the kidney and liver, and may have carcinogenic effects on the pancreas, breast, and thyroid gland. Therefore, it is necessary to be very cautious while taking soya chunks in large quantities.   

Also Read: Multani Mitti: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Medicines

Interaction with other medicines or compounds is rare but can occur. Thyroid hormone, iron, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and warfarin can cause interaction.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of soya chunks for females? 

Soya chunks are hypothesised to treat menopause symptoms like hot flashes because of their isoflavones, which have a similar structure to oestrogen. These may bind to oestrogen receptors and may reduce the symptoms 

How to consume soya chunks? 

Soya chunks can be consumed by first boiling them and then incorporating them into several dishes like gravy, soup, and rice.  

What are the benefits of soyabean chunks? 

The potential benefits of consuming soya chunks are reduced risk of heart disease, reduced cholesterol levels, fighting against menopause, and managing weight. Another benefit of soya chunks is that they can be used as an alternative to animal-based protein products. If you have any mentioned symptoms or diseases, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

References

  1. Nout R. Quality, safety, biofunctionality and fermentation control in soya. Elsevier eBooks. 2014 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/soybean
  2. Soybeans, mature seeds, raw – Nutrients – SR Legacy | USDA FoodData Central [Internet]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/174270/nutrients 
  3. Messina M. Soy and health update: Evaluation of the clinical and epidemiologic literature. Nutrients. 2016 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5188409/ 
  4. Department of Health & Human Services. Soybeans and soy foods. Better Health Channel. [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/soybeans 
  5. Qin P, Wang T, Luo Y. A review on plant-based proteins from soybean: Health benefits and soy product development. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154321001678 
  6. Lichtenstein AH. Soy protein, isoflavones and cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of Nutrition. 1998 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623018357#s0050 
  7. Harland JI, Haffner TA. Systematic review, meta-analysis and regression of randomised controlled trials reporting an association between an intake of circa 25g soya protein per day and blood cholesterol. Atherosclerosis. 2008 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021915008002475 
  8. Weaver CM, Cheong JMK. Soy isoflavones and bone health: The relationship is still unclear. Journal of Nutrition. 2005 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622102208 
  9. Messina MJ, Persky V, Setchell KDR, Barnes S. Soy intake and cancer risk: A review of the in vitro and in vivo data. Nutrition and Cancer. 1994 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8058523/ 
  10. Soy: Usefulness and safety. NCCIH. [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/soy
  11. Boyer J, Liu RH. Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutrition Journal. 2004 [cited 2025 Apr 30]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC442131/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Corn Flour: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Corn always reminds us of our all-time favorite roadside snack, ‘bhutta’ or ‘street style corn on the cob’, during the rainy season. Corn is commonly known as maize in British English, and its scientific name is Zea mays. Corn was first found in America by a European explorer, Christopher Columbus, in 1492. Within the next 100 years, it will be introduced to the rest of the world. Corn is one of the staple food sources in the world, along with rice and wheat, since it can be stored easily. A variety of corn is available, like white corn, yellow corn, white sweet corn, and yellow sweet corn. Additionally, it has gained popularity due to its multiple health benefits like reducing high blood pressure, managing weight, minimizing iron deficiency, etc. Corn was introduced in India by the Portuguese and is widely grown in Indian states like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh1. Let us look at some health benefits of corn flour. 

Nutritional Value of Corn Flour

Corn flour may contain several bioactive compounds like carotenoids, xanthophylls, lignins and many more. Corn flour may also have the following nutritional components: 

Did you know that corn flour is a powerhouse of nutrients? It’s got protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and even fibre! Here’s an interesting twist: corn flour is gluten-free. So, if you’re looking for a gluten-free option, corn flour is your go-to ingredient14.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Corn Flour

Corn flour may possess the following properties: 

Potential Uses of Corn Flour for Overall Health

Some of the potential uses of corn flour are: 

1. Potential Use of Corn Flour for Heart Health

Several clinical studies suggest that whole grain-derived products like corn flour may be beneficial to the heart. A study5 conducted in 2010 by Tighe et al. stated that consumption of corn flour may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by lowering blood pressure. Another study6 by Mellen et al. in 2008 suggested that dietary fibers present in corn flour may lower the risk of heart disease. However, you must consult your doctor if you have any symptoms of heart disease. 

2. Potential Use of Corn Flour to Lower Cholesterol Levels

Due to dietary fiber, corn flour may help reduce bad cholesterol (LDL- low-density lipoproteins) levels. Hollander et al in 2015 conducted a study7 stating that corn flour might lower bad and total cholesterol levels. However, you must check your cholesterol levels and consult your doctor in case of high cholesterol levels. 

3. Potential Use of Corn Flour for Diabetes

Several studies have shown that whole grain-derived products like corn flour may help in the case of type 2 diabetes. A majority of people with type 2 diabetes may not be able to produce insulin properly. Dietary magnesium, fiber, and vitamin A may regulate the insulin levels in the body1. Behall et al. conducted a long-term study8 in 1989 that showed that amylose starch might help to lower blood glucose levels in the body. However, you must consult your doctor in the case of high sugar levels. 

4. Potential Use of Corn Flour for Weight Management

Long-term and short-term studies showed that whole grain-derived products like corn flour may reduce the risk of obesity. Furthermore, 12 years suggested that a diet high in dietary fiber intake may help with weight management by increasing lipid oxidation after meals, thereby decreasing fat accumulation in the body9. However, you must consult your dietician before making any changes in your diet. 

5. Potential Use of Corn Flour for Diarrhoea

Study10 conducted by Murphy et al. in 2008 showed that whole grain-derived products like corn flour may help in cases of diarrhoea. This is due to the dietary fibres and starch present in the corn flour, which enhance fermentation, thereby reducing the symptoms of diarrhoea10. However, more research is required to check if corn flour can be beneficial in the case of diarrhoea. However, you must consult your doctor if you have severe diarrhoea. 

6. Potential Use of Corn Flour to Improve Digestion

Daily consumption of starch may enhance digestive health. Starch increases the uptake of minerals. Most of the starch survives in the digestive tract, bringing more bioactive compounds to the colon1. The dietary fibres present in corn flour further stimulate the activity and growth of the healthy bacteria found in the colon which improves gut health11. However, more large-scale studies are yet to be done to confirm the effects of corn flour on digestive health. 

7. Potential Use of Corn Flour for Constipation

Corn flour may have a laxative effect, which may be beneficial for constipation. Starch present in corn flour may increase the water content in the stools. Muir et al. conducted research12 that suggested that corn flour may increase fecal output. However, you must consult your doctor in the case of severe constipation instead of self-medicating. 

8. Potential Use of Corn Flour in Minimizing Iron Deficiency

Corn flour may help to reduce iron deficiency. When corn flour is fortified by iron, it may be beneficial to combat iron deficiency. The process of fortifying involves the strengthening of a substance. A study15 conducted by Miglioranza et al. in 2008 showed that there was a possible increase in levels of haemoglobin, transferrin (a protein that transports iron in the blood), and ferritin (a protein that stores iron). An increase in these may help in the case of iron deficiency and anemia4. However, further studies are yet to be done to check if corn flour may help in the case of iron deficiency. Therefore, you must consult your doctor instead of self-medicating. 

Though some studies show the benefits of corn starch in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of corn starch on human health. 

Processing corn grains into various corn products can affect their mineral content. Milling into flour may reduce iron, magnesium, sodium, and copper levels, while calcium, manganese, and magnesium remain unchanged. Roasting might decrease iron and potassium but increases calcium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc in yellow and white corn varieties14.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: Mangosteen: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

How to Use Corn Flour?

Corn flour can be incorporated into a variety of foods like: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Side Effects of Corn Flour

Side effects of corn flour may be due to allergies induced by exposure to corn pollen. The symptoms of the allergy may be as follows: 

However, if any side effects are noticed with its use, you must seek medical help immediately.  

The oil found in corn flour, specifically in the corn germ, is like a treasure trove of goodness. It contains unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and vitamins A and E, adding to its nutritional and medicinal value14!

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Precautions When Using Corn Flour

Adequate precautions should be taken before consuming corn flour, just like any other medicine. Pregnant women and lactating mothers should be extra cautious. Likewise, before giving corn flour to the elderly or children, precautions should be taken. Therefore, it is suggested to kindly consult a doctor before using corn flour for these individuals, particularly.  

Also Read: Jackfruit (Kathal): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Interaction with Other Drugs

There are not enough studies on the interaction of corn flour with other drugs. Further studies on the interaction of corn flour are yet to be done. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming corn flour.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the health benefits of corn flour? 

Corn flour may help to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels. It may also be beneficial in improving digestive health. In addition, it may help to manage weight. Corn flour may be used in cases of diabetes and iron deficiency1,3,12. However, you must consult your doctor if you experience any symptoms related to the mentioned conditions instead of self-medicating. 

What is the nutritional value of corn flour? 

Corn flour may contain bioactive compounds like carotenoids, flavonoids, carotenes, xanthophylls, lignins, and many more. Corn flour may also contain proteins, fats, sugars, fibres, carbohydrates, and starch. It may contain minerals like magnesium, iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, etc. Corn flour may contain vitamin B1, B2 and B62.

How is corn flour beneficial for the heart? 

Corn flour may enhance heart health due to the presence of dietary fibres which may have an antioxidant effect. Thus, it may lower blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases5,6.

What are the side effects of corn flour? 

The side effects of corn flour may be due to allergies induced by exposure to corn pollen, like sneezing, itchy eyes and nose, coughing, and runny nose. 

How is corn flour useful in minimizing iron deficiency? 

Corn flour may increase in levels of hemoglobin, transferrin (a protein that transports iron in the blood), and ferritin (a protein that stores iron). An increase in these may help in the case of iron deficiency and anemia, thereby minimizing iron deficiency4. However, you must consult your doctor instead of self-medicating. 

References

  1. Siyuan S, Tong L, Liu R. Corn phytochemicals and their health benefits. Food Science and Human Wellness. 2018 Sep 1;7(3):185-95. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453018301009 
  2. Cornmeal, degermed, unenriched, yellow [Internet]. Food Data Central. [cited 2022 Sep29]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168929/nutrients 
  3. Lao F, Sigurdson GT, Giusti MM. Health benefits of purple corn (Zea mays L.) phenolic compounds. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2017 Mar;16(2):234-46. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1541-4337.12249 
  4. Garcia‐Casal MN, Peña‐Rosas JP, De‐Regil LM, Gwirtz JA, Pasricha SR. Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anemia and iron deficiency in populations. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018(12). Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010187.pub2/abstract 
  5. Tighe P, Duthie G, Vaughan N, Brittenden J, Simpson WG, Duthie S, Mutch W, Wahle K, Horgan G, Thies F. Effect of increased consumption of whole-grain foods on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy middle-aged persons: a randomized controlled trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2010 Oct 1;92(4):733-40. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/92/4/733/4597497 
  6. Mellen PB, Walsh TF, Herrington DM. Whole grain intake and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2008 May 1;18(4):283-90. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939475307000026 
  7. Hollænder PL, Ross AB, Kristensen M. Whole-grain and blood lipid changes in apparently healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies–. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2015 Sep 1;102(3):556-72. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/102/3/556/4564317 
  8. Behall KM, Scholfield DJ, Yuhaniak I, Canary J. Diets containing high amylose vs amylopectin starch: effects on metabolic variables in human subjects. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 1989 Feb 1;49(2):337-44. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2644803/ 
  9. Liu S, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB, Rosner B, Colditz G. Relation between changes in intakes of dietary fiber and grain products and changes in weight and development of obesity among middle-aged women. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2003 Nov 1;78(5):920-7. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/78/5/920/4677500 
  10. Murphy MM, Douglass JS, Birkett A. Resistant starch intakes in the United States. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2008 Jan 1;108(1):67-78. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002822307019323 
  11. Wilson SL. Evaluation of the Effects of Corn Flour Consumption on Cardiometabolic Outcomes and the Gut Microbiota in Adults with High Cholesterol (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University). Available from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/d3e831a7b02be1cd22dd2bae26458b68/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=yearch.proquest.com/openview/d3e831a7b02be1cd22dd2bae26458b68/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y 
  12. Muir JG, Yeow EG, Keogh J, Pizzey C, Bird AR, Sharpe K, O’Dea K, Macrae FA. Combining wheat bran with resistant starch has more beneficial effects on fecal indexes than does wheat bran alone. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2004 Jun 1;79(6):1020-8. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/79/6/1020/4690208 
  13. Sung SY, Lee WY, Yong SJ, Shin KC, Park HS, Kim HM, Kim SH. A case of occupational rhinitis induced by maize pollen exposure in a farmer: detection of Ig E-binding components. Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research. 2012 Jan 1;4(1):49-51. Available from: https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1052300 
  14. Nikolić N, Mitrović J, Karabegović Stanisavljević I, Savić SR, et al. A comparison between wheat and different kinds of corn flour based on minerals, free phenolic acid composition and antioxidant activity. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods. 2019 May;11(4):1-10. DOI: 10.3920/QAS2018.1411. Available form: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333404456_A_comparison_between_wheat_and_different_kinds_of_corn_flour_based_on_minerals_free_phenolic_acid_composition_and_antioxidant_activity
  15. Coates TD. Physiology and pathophysiology of iron in hemoglobin-associated diseases. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Jul;72:23-40. PMCID: PMC4940047. Available from : https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4940047/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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