Sexual health is an essential component of overall well-being, but many individuals face challenges that can significantly impact their quality of life. These common sexual health problems are quite diverse, ranging from issues like sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and difficulties with sexual function. One such male sexual dysfunction is Erectile Dysfunction, a most common issue particularly prevalent as men age.
Erectile dysfunction means, persistent inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection rigid enough for satisfactory sexual intercourse. It can affect men at any age but becomes more prevalent as age increases; it affects about 40% of men at age 40, and this rate rises to 70% by age 701. The good news is that lifestyle choices like diet, play a crucial role in managing this condition. Interestingly, the same foods that support a healthy heart also promote healthy blood flow to all parts of the body, including the penis1,2.
In the following sections, we will explore the best and worst foods for this condition based on scientific evidence, helping you understand how simple dietary adjustments can potentially improve vascular health and, consequently, your erectile function, and when to consult a doctor for the same.
The causes of erectile dysfunction are often multifactorial, involving psychological and physical issues:
These causes often involve mental and emotional factors, and they can exist even when physical causes are present:
While psychological issues like depression or the medications used to treat them, such as antidepressants can certainly trigger erectile problems, even vice-a-versa can happen. Erectile Dysfunction itself can, in turn become a significant cause of depression, anxiety, and performance related stress1,3.
These are physical conditions that directly affect the systems responsible for achieving and maintaining an erection:
Yes, just as healthy food is crucial for your overall health, it also plays a vital role in your sexual function. Research suggests that adopting a healthy diet can lower the risk of erectile dysfunction to a certain extent and also lead to improvement in symptoms for those already affected4. Healthy diet benefits erectile dysfunction by optimizing fat and sugar metabolism, increasing antioxidants, and raising nitric oxide, which are essential for erections5.
Note: A variety of factors contribute to erectile dysfunction, including neurological problems, hormonal imbalances, psychological distress, medication side effects, or structural abnormalities. Thus, although a good diet may be helpful, it cannot prevent the condition from occurring completely.
Diet plays a supporting role in dealing with erectile dysfunction, especially that is vascular-related. It aids in improving blood flow and boosting cardiovascular and sexual health. The foods listed below are rich in nutrients that help relax blood vessels, reduce inflammation, and improve circulation throughout the body including the blood vessels vital for an erection.
Foods like beets and dark leafy greens are great because they contain natural nitrates. These nitrates are converted by mouth bacteria into nitrite, which your body then uses to create nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide (NO) triggers the widening of blood vessels (vasodilation) in the penis by initiating a chemical chain reaction inside the muscle cells, specifically, it activates a pathway that ultimately lowers calcium levels, causing the smooth muscles to relax and allowing increased blood flow necessary for an erection7,8.
These fruits are rich with flavonoids. Research suggests that certain plant compounds called flavonoids can help with penile erection by restoring the balance between signals that widen blood vessels and signals that constrict them. They act by reducing oxidative stress, improving vessel wall function and increasing nitric oxide availability6,9.
Legumes are rich in flavonoids and minerals like magnesium, zinc and copper that offer antioxidant support, help improve blood circulation, maintain testosterone levels and boost overall sexual health, thereby improving erectile dysfunction6,10.
Nuts are rich in the nonessential amino acid arginine, which the body uses to produce Nitric Oxide (NO). By consuming foods rich in arginine, you provide the body with the building blocks it needs to produce more nitric oxide, further supporting the vasodilation effect needed for erections6,11.
These are a rich source of Omega-3 fatty acids, which contribute to lowering triglyceride levels and reducing clotting risks. They also help in reducing inflammation and improve endothelial function. By promoting a healthy blood lipid profile, they help improve health of your arteries, facilitating unrestricted blood flow12.
Honey is a rich source of natural antioxidants including flavonoids which are beneficial in erectile dysfunction. Moreover, studies13 in male rats have shown that consuming a honey solution can lead to increased testosterone levels. Since, erectile dysfunction may be linked to low testosterone levels that often come with aging, this may be a potentially active natural remedy.
When you eat watermelon, your body produces more nitric oxide. This nitric oxide helps relax and widen the blood vessels, resulting in improved blood circulation to the testes13.
While these foods have shown to contain compounds that are beneficial for blood vessel health, studies assessing their direct relationship with erectile dysfunction are limited. Thus, further large-scale human trials are needed to confirm their benefits in this condition.
While some foods can support sexual health, certain food items can also cause harm to your blood vessels or disrupt hormone balance, which are key to healthy erectile function, and thus, potentially worsen the condition. These include:
Red meat contains high amount of saturated fat. High intake of saturated fats leads to increased cholesterol and plaque build-up in the arteries (atherosclerosis). This clogging restricts blood flow throughout the body, including to the penis, which can contribute to erectile dysfunction14.
Excessive sugary drinks can spike up your blood glucose levels, promoting insulin resistance and increasing the risk of developing diabetes. Diabetes is one of the major risk factors for erectile dysfunction because high blood sugar damages blood vessels and nerves, impairing the ability to achieve and maintain an erection14.
Fried items are often high in fat oils, leading to high levels of saturated and trans fats. These fats contribute to developing high cholesterol and certain heart diseases. High levels of cholesterol can accumulate within the artery walls causing atherosclerosis, leading to arterial narrowing and reduced blood flow to vital organs16.
High sodium content food can lead to high blood pressure, which is a significant risk factor of erectile dysfunction. Hypertension damages the artery walls, reducing the blood vessel’s ability to expand and properly supply blood16.
Excessive alcohol consumption can elevate blood pressure and increase the risk of heart disease, it also raises level of triglycerides, a type of fat found in the blood, which can narrow blood vessel further leading to reduced blood supply16.
Here, we’ll bust some common myths about food and erectile dysfunction.
Myth 1: A specific miracle food will instantly cure erectile dysfunction.
Fact: Certain food can help to reduce the symptoms of erectile dysfunction, like berries, watermelon, nuts, legumes etc. But it does not provide an instant cure from erectile dysfunction.
Myth 2: Lifestyle factors are the only contributors to the development of erectile dysfunction.
Fact: While lifestyle choices are key contributors to erectile dysfunction, the condition is not solely responsible, medical issues such as diabetes, hypertension, and hormonal fluctuations also play significant roles1.
Myth 3: For boosting erections, a low-fat diet is the best.
Fact: Low-fat diets are generally good for heart health and improving circulation, but a very low-fat diet may be associated with low testosterone. Consuming a balanced diet containing omega-3 fats such as the Mediterranean diet is usually more heart heathy and aids in improving erectile dysfunction6.
Apart from making dietary changes, certain other lifestyle modifications can also help reduce the impact of erectile dysfunction. These include:
Also Read: Does Low Testosterone Cause Weight Gain?
If you experience any of the following situations, a consultation with your healthcare provider is necessary to determine the underlying cause and explore effective treatment options21:
Also Read: Worst Foods for Oedema You Should Be Aware Of
We know that talking about Erectile Dysfunction can be difficult, but please understand that it’s a common, treatable condition often rooted in vascular health. The path to better sexual health and erections is the same good habits that lead to a healthy heart. By prioritizing a diet rich in nitrates, flavonoids, and omega-3s (found in vegetables, fruits, nuts, and fish) and limiting foods high in saturated fats, sugar, and sodium, you can directly improve your blood flow and sexual function. Take these manageable steps today and remember that when diet and lifestyle changes aren’t enough, professional medical help is available and highly effective. You are not alone in this, and positive change is absolutely within your reach.
Foods that are rich in compounds and nutrients which naturally enhance blood flow, such as nitrate-rich foods like beetroot and green leafy vegetables, flavonoid- rich fruits like berries, apple and orange, omega-3 sources like fishes (salmon, mackerel, sardines), all these foods can increase the overall blood flow in the body, including penis7,9,12.
A specific timeframe for how long a healthy diet takes to improve erectile dysfunction symptoms cannot be exactly determined. However, a lot of research indicates that adopting a healthy eating pattern offers supportive benefits in lowering the risk of erectile dysfunction and managing its symptoms6.
Erection problems are a very common issue, affecting nearly every adult male at some point. While these temporary difficulties often resolve on their own without much intervention, for some men, the condition can become a persistent or ongoing concern. If one has trouble to keep an erection for more than 25% of the time, it means you need to consult a health care provider21.
Following are the symptoms that characterize an erection problem, which may include trouble getting an erection, difficulty keeping an erection, and having an erection that isn’t firm enough for intercourse. Additionally, men experiencing erection problems may also report less interest in sex21.
Yes, even though erectile dysfunction can affect you at any age, if it occurs at an early age, it could be a warning sign of blood vessel problem like diabetes, hypertension or any other cardiovascular disease. Thus, it is important to keep a watch on your symptoms and report it to your health care provider15.
The effect of these oral medicines is most often seen within 15 to 45 minutes. And yes, there are certain risks associated with erectile dysfunction medications. Specifically, men who take nitrates for heart disease should consult their doctor before taking any erectile dysfunction medicines. Common side effects may include headache, upset stomach, nasal congestion, back pain, and dizziness19.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Did you know that almost 99% of the world’s population breathes air that is polluted enough to harm their health1? This widespread exposure to unsafe air has made air pollution one of the most urgent global health challenges of our time.
Within this broader crisis, smog has emerged as one of the most visible and harmful forms of air pollution. However, smog itself is not a single pollutant. It is a combination of substances like ozone, fine particles, and nitrogen gases. And because of these different substances, it affects different groups of people differently2
As urbanisation, traffic emissions, and industrial activities continue to rise, smog has become an increasingly common (and dangerous) part of the air we inhale every day3,4. It is a public health concern that not only causes discomfort like coughing or eye irritation but also worsens existing heart and lung conditions and increases long-term health risks2.
As smog episodes become more frequent and intense, understanding their causes, effects, and the ways we can protect ourselves is essential for safeguarding our health and well-being.
The word smog is a combination of two other words5:
Under certain environmental conditions (such as sunlight), these two components (smoke and fog) interact and result in a thick and hazy layer suspended close to the ground. This is how smog is formed2,5.
Fact: The term smog was first introduced by H. A. Des Voeux in 1905 to describe the polluted atmospheric conditions in several British towns. It gained widespread public attention in 1911, when Des Voeux reported over 1,000 deaths in Edinburgh and Glasgow caused by this dense and dangerous “smoke-fog”2.
Smog develops when various air pollutants are released into the atmosphere from natural and human activities.
Smog is caused due to2:
Broadly, there are two types of smog:
This type of smog is high in sulphur oxides (SOx)2.
This type of smog is high in NOx, ozone, hydrocarbons, and VOCs2.
Note: The modern smog in most cities (including India) is photochemical smog, formed when sunlight reacts with NOx and VOCs, producing ozone. And when this ozone mixes with fine particulate matter (such as PM2.5), it creates the thick, harmful smog we commonly see today7.
Smog is particularly alarming because of its adverse impact on health. It can seriously affect health both in the short and long term. Even brief increases in smog levels can lead to more hospital visits and even deaths2.
The most common adverse smog effects on human health include:
Other adverse effects of smog include:
When smog levels rise, small choices can make a big difference. Here’s how to protect your health and stay safe.
Reducing smog means cutting emissions at the source. The following practical tips show how commuters, households, and policymakers can act together to reduce smog.
You should seek medical attention if smog exposure leads to worsening of existing conditions or any of the following symptoms20,21:
Important: Individuals with lung disease, heart disease, children, elderly people, and pregnant women should be especially cautious and seek care promptly if symptoms worsen, as they are more vulnerable to adverse health effects of air pollution20,22.
Smog remains a significant public health threat, but its impact can be greatly reduced through awareness, prevention, and timely action.
Understanding what is smog, how smog forms, recognising its health risks, and staying informed about air quality are essential steps in protecting oneself. Remember, small but consistent lifestyle changes, such as modifying outdoor activities on high-smog days, improving indoor air quality, reducing personal emissions, and supporting cleaner community practices, can collectively lower exposure and protect long-term health.
For high-risk individuals (children, older adults, and those with asthma, COPD, or cardiovascular disease), even mild symptoms may warrant medical attention, making early evaluation especially important. For others, seeking prompt medical care when symptoms worsen ensures timely intervention and minimises complications.
Smog is harmful because it contains pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, ozone, and volatile organic compounds. These can irritate the eyes and airways, worsen asthma and respiratory infections, and increase the risk of heart and lung diseases. It can also contribute to long-term health issues such as reduced lung function and even death2.
Yes, smog can irritate the lining of the throat due to pollutants and lead to symptoms such as soreness, dryness, or a burning sensation2.
Smog does not directly cause asthma, but it can trigger asthma symptoms, worsen existing asthma, and even increase the frequency and severity of attacks2,8.
Smog and acid rain share some of the same pollutants (particularly sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides). While smog itself does not cause acid rain, these pollutants can react with water vapour in the atmosphere and form acids, which may contribute to acid rain2.
Yes, long-term exposure to smog (especially fine particulate matter) has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Some pollutants in smog are even classified as carcinogens23.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Blocked nose is when there is difficulty in breathing through the nose. It can happen due to an obstruction in the nasal passage or more commonly due to swelling in the lining of the nose (occurring due to several reasons).
Blocked nose can be very distressing as it can interfere with breathing. In babies, it can further lead to sleep disturbance, irritation and poor feeding1. Sadly, as the little ones cannot even express what they are going through, they just tend to cry, become irritated or even miserable at times. Moreover, when it comes to babies, blocked nose can be difficult to manage as only very few medications can be prescribed by doctors to these young ones.
Well, following some simple measures at home can help you ease your little one’s discomfort, but it is also important to know when to take medical advice.
In this blog, we will discuss about the signs of a blocked nose in babies, share certain tips that can help avoid your baby from getting a stuffy nose, some simple measures you can take at home to ease their symptoms and when you must check with a doctor. So, let’s get started!
Common causes of blocked nose can include some external and internal factors. These are1,2:
External factors lead to nasal congestion, commonly known as a stuffy nose, by irritating the membrane of nasal mucosa. In response to this, the nasal lining swells and increases its mucus production, leading to the sensation of a blocked or congested airway. The excessive mucus may sometimes start oozing out of the nose causing a runny nose2.
A blocked nose can present with a variety of symptoms, including7,8.
While nasal congestion symptoms in babies can vary from one to the other, it’s important for parents to keep a close eye on all the signs, no matter how minor they seem.
Dealing with a stuffy baby nose is never easy, but you can help them feel better with these simple, natural methods you can use right at home2,9,10.
A saline nasal wash is beneficial for cleansing and moisturizing nasal passages. It works by flushing out irritants like pollen, dust and other debris. This will also help to remove extra mucus in the nasal cavity. Normal saline drops or spray are available in all pharmacy stores. Some nasal washing devices like neti pots, rubber nasal bulb are also available at the stores11,18.
For this, firstly moisten the nasal cavity with a saline spray and squeeze the bulb of suction to expel the air. Then gently insert its tip into the nose and release the bulb to suction out the mucus. If the mucus is properly moistened it will be easily expelled using the bulb. Make sure to do this before feeding because a clearer airway will help the baby feel better, leading to more successful feeds12.
This helps to moisten the air and clear the nasal cavity. Place the unit 2 meter away from the bed. Avoid running the vaporizer continuously and keep humidity between 40% to 50% to prevent mould and mildew (type of fungus) growth because it can cause breathing issue. Use distilled water instead of tap water, minerals in the tap water can cause harmful white dust and breathing problems. Make sure to clean and dry the vaporizer before and after each use to prevent from bacterial infection13.
Giving direct steam for babies is not safe as it can cause burn so, create a steamy environment by running a hot shower and sitting with your baby in the bathroom for some time before bed.
Make sure your baby stays well-hydrated. Continue breastfeeding or formula feeding and if you feel child is struggling to eat try offering smaller amounts more frequently. Giving them plenty of warm fluids helps thin out mucus and prevents dehydration.
To reduce nasal congestion and to help your child breathe easier, you can raise the head of their bed. Try placing a pillow under the head of the mattress or putting some blocks under the bed’s legs at the head.
To reduce their fussiness and irritation it’s important to have a good sleep and rest. Following the above steps should help the baby feel better to a certain extent and promote proper sleep and rest.
When your baby has a stuffy nose, these simple, natural tricks can make some difference. By helping them breathe easier, they will be more comfortable and will be able to get the rest they need to feel better.
Note: You must not rely only on these home remedies for the treatment of the condition.
Finding out how to treat congestion depends on what is causing it. Your baby’s doctor can help you find out what is going on and suggest the best ways to help your little one feel better.
Preventing frequent nose blocks in babies is often a matter of taking a few simple, proactive steps. By focusing on some points mentioned below, you can help your little one breathe easier and stay more comfortable14,15,16.
Taking these few simple precautions, you can make a big difference in preventing frequent nose blocks in your baby. By focusing on good hygiene and creating a healthy environment, you can help them stay healthy.
Also Read: A Complete Guide to Baby Care and Newborn Hygiene
It’s natural to worry when your baby is sick. Knowing when to call a doctor or seek emergency care can make a big difference. You should call your primary care provider if they have any of the following symptoms15,16,18 :
Seek emergency care if you see below symptoms:
Knowing these important signs gives you an idea of what action to take. Like when to call a doctor for a persistent problem and when to rush to the emergency room for breathing trouble. This will ensure your little one gets exactly the right care when they need it.
Also Read: Baby Rash: Causes, Types, Home Remedies & Prevention
A stuffy nose can be tough on the little one but remember that it’s a very common hurdle for parents. The good news is that, by staying calm and trying some simple, gentle home remedies, you can help your baby feel a lot more comfortable. Look out for signs that need medical attention, and if you have any concerns or questions, remember that your doctor is always there to provide guidance and reassurance. With a little care and patience, your baby will be breathing easy and be back to their cheerful self in no time.
Using a suction bulb and normal saline drops is the better way to reduce nasal congestion. If mucus is too thick and dry, moisten the nasal cavity first and then use suction bulb to remove out the mucus2.
There are many over the counter (OTC) medicine available in pharmacy for blocked nose and cold, but doctors do not recommend any medicine before the age of 2 years. If in case of any emergency, it’s always better to consult doctor before giving any medicines19.
Sleeping on their back (supine position) with slightly elevated head will help to drain out the mucus from nose. This can be done either by placing pillow below the mattress or by lifting head end of the cot with the help of blocks. Please note: Do not place any pillow or stuffed toys on their crib or bed; this can increase the chance of suffocation during sleep time2,19.
Yes, blocked nose can affect a child’s oxygen levels. Since babies mostly breathe through their noses for the first few months, a blocked nose can make it hard for them to get enough oxygen. When that happens, their body has to work much harder to breathe, a condition called respiratory distress. If you observe symptoms like bluish discoloration, decreased urine output, nasal flaring, rapid or shallow breathing and unusual chest movements, seek immediate medical attention20,21.
Some people believe that applying Vicks to a baby’s chest, neck, back, and the soles of their feet can help with congestion. However, since babies are sensitive, you should always check with your doctor before using any topical medicine.
As per the Chinese medicine trial, giving circular pressure in LI-20 and LI-4 will help to breathe easier
LI-20: It is located at the base of the nose, both side near the wing of nostrils.
Use index finger and give slight pressure bilaterally for 4 minutes.
LI-4: It is located between the thumb and index finger
Compress for 2 minutes on both right and left hand22.
It’s a common practice for many parents to rub Vicks on their baby’s feet. However, it is always safest and best to check with your paediatrician before using any topical product on your child.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Colds are one of the most common illnesses in young children, especially infants and babies. They may occur due to conditions like infections (viral or bacterial) affecting the nose, throat, or sinuses. Individuals with allergies may also have cold-like symptoms, for example, stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, and watery-itchy eyes1,3.
Because there are over a hundred different cold viruses, young children (whose immunity is still developing) often catch several colds each year. This tends to happen more often during the fall and winter seasons1.
The good news is that, although colds can be frustrating for both parents and babies, they are usually mild, self-limiting, and clear up on their own within one to two weeks2. This period can be uncomfortable for infants, but simple home remedies may help ease symptoms and support natural recovery.
With this guide, we aim to help parents by providing safe and effective home remedies for colds in babies and infants.
Many parents wonder, “how long do infant colds last?” Colds in infants and babies usually develop gradually and can last from one to two weeks. However, some symptoms, such as a cough, may last a little longer. The most common symptoms of a cold include1:
Some babies may also exhibit a reduced appetite, more tiredness than usual, or develop a mild headache. A low-grade fever (below 38.5°C) may also occur1,2.
Usually, all these symptoms are minor and self-limiting. However, because infants and babies have developing immunity, infections that cause mild colds in older children and adults may lead to more serious illnesses in them, for example1:
It is also important to distinguish a cold from the flu. While the two can seem similar, the flu usually begins suddenly and is associated with high fever, chills, body aches, and extreme tiredness. In contrast, colds tend to develop more slowly and are generally milder. Another important point that will help distinguish between the two is that children with colds often still have the energy to play, whereas those with influenza are more likely to be confined to bed2.
Colds in infants and babies are most often caused by viruses that infect the lining of the nose and throat, leading to inflammation and symptoms.
Certain risk factors, such as the following, increase the risk of colds in babies1:
Many parents ask, “how to treat infant cold?” Coughing is a normal part of a cold and helps the body clear mucus from the airways.
While colds usually resolve on their own, certain home remedies for cold in babies can ease symptoms and make babies and children more comfortable. Some non-drug remedies recommended for cold relief include4,5:
Helps reduce congestion and makes breathing easier. Avoid warm mist humidifiers, as they may worsen swelling in the nasal passages.
These keep the nasal passages moist, as well as help clear stuffiness.
Using a bulb syringe or similar tool (with or without saline drops) is especially helpful for infants under one year.
Most colds in babies are mild and go away on their own, but the symptoms can make your little one uncomfortable. You can help your baby feel better with these simple home remedies for cold in babies while their body fights the infection5:
While colds are common in young children, parents can take simple steps to reduce the risk of infection and the spread of germs. Some practical prevention tips include1:
Most colds are mild, harmless, and clear up on their own without lasting effects. However, in some cases, complications may occur, including2:
Also Read: Caring for a Baby with Blocked Nose: Simple Tips for Parents
Most colds get better on their own, but sometimes medical attention is needed. Seek immediate medical care in the following cases1,4:
For infants under 6 months:
For babies and children of all ages, call your doctor or go to the emergency department if your child:
These symptoms may indicate pneumonia or bronchiolitis and require immediate medical treatment.
Contact the doctor if your child shows signs of an ear infection, such as:
Other signs that indicate your child should visit a doctor include:
Also Read: Green Poop in Babies: Causes, When to Worry, and What Parents Should Know
Colds are very common in babies and usually clear up on their own with time, rest, and supportive home care. While most symptoms are mild, it is important for parents to know how to ease discomfort, prevent the spread of infection, and recognise warning signs that need medical attention.
Remember, with proper care and attention, your baby can recover safely and comfortably.
Also Read: Baby Loose Motion: Causes, Home Remedies, and Effective Ways to Stop It Fast
It is normal for young children to catch 6 to 10 colds per year, especially during colder months2.
Yes, some cough and cold medicines can pass into breast milk and may cause adverse reactions in breastfed infants5. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist if you are breastfeeding, so they can recommend safer alternatives.
Zinc may help inhibit viral growth. However, there is no proven benefit. Therefore, at present, the use of zinc for treating cough and cold in children is not recommended7.
Paracetamol or ibuprofen may be used in babies to relieve fever, aches, and pain, but they do not cure the cold itself. These medicines only make your baby more comfortable while the body fights the infection. Always consult your doctor for the correct/age-appropriate dose and follow the instructions on the product label carefully4.
No, throat lozenges or cough drops are unsafe for children under 4 years as they pose a choking hazard5.
No, colds are caused by viruses, so antibiotics are not effective. Antibiotics should only be used (under the guidance of a doctor) if a child develops a bacterial infection, such as an ear infection or pneumonia1.
Vitamin C does not significantly improve cold symptoms in children, but it may help to slightly reduce the duration of colds6. There is no clear recommended dose, and potential drug interactions or side effects are not well established. So, it should not be relied upon as a primary treatment, and parents should focus on safe home care and symptom relief instead.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
The nasal airway plays a vital role in both breathing and smell. In addition to allowing respiration, the nose and sinuses (air-filled spaces around the nose) help condition inhaled air by humidifying and filtering it, while also trapping harmful particles1.
This natural defence system is especially important in newborns, who rely mainly on nasal breathing during their first few months of life. Any obstruction of the nasal passages at this stage can therefore lead to significant issues, including breathing difficulty, sleep disturbances, feeding problems, and a higher risk of conditions such as obstructive apnoea1.
In infants and children, nasal obstruction and a runny nose are most commonly caused by viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), allergic reactions, or neonatal rhinitis. Since babies cannot blow their noses effectively, the accumulation of mucus can worsen discomfort and respiratory distress1,2.
To relieve this, nasal drops or sprays are commonly recommended1,2.They are safe, gentle, and effective in easing congestion, but their correct and careful use is essential. Therefore, through this guide, we aim to help parents understand the different types of nasal drops available for babies, their uses, and important safety tips.
Nasal drops or sprays are liquid formulations designed to be placed directly into the nasal cavity to help relieve a blocked or stuffy nose. They are usually water-based (aqueous) solutions or suspensions and may contain active ingredients or simple saline1,3.
Both nasal drops and sprays are used to relieve nasal congestion, dryness, or allergies but the difference lies in how they are delivered3:
Saline nasal drops in particular are gentle, drug-free, and safe, making them a preferred choice for babies. They help loosen mucus, clear nasal passages, and improve breathing, which supports more comfortable feeding and sleeping1,2.
Nasal drops or sprays are packaged in single-use or multi-use containers. They are often equipped with droppers or nozzles to ensure safe and accurate dosing3.
Nasal drops for kids can be either simple saline or medicated formulations, depending on the purpose:
Another option is nasal sprays; however, these are generally used in older children.
Disclaimer: Always consult your paediatrician before using medicated nasal drops or sprays for children. Even with saline drops or sprays, it is best to check with your doctor, especially for newborns and infants, to ensure proper use and safety.
Doctors may recommend nasal drops for babies and nasal sprays for kids in the following situations:
Note: Saline nasal drops for babies do not cure the underlying illness, but they help relieve congestion and make breathing, feeding, and sleeping more comfortable.
Using nasal drops correctly helps ensure they work safely and effectively. Follow these steps when using a nasal drop/spray for your child10,12:
Note: Always be gentle with newborns and infants. Avoid forcing the head back or inserting the dropper deep into the nostril.
A critical hygiene mistake to avoid is releasing the squeeze on the dropper bulb while it is still inside the nostril because this creates a vacuum that sucks infected mucus back into the sterile bottle. To prevent contaminating the solution and re-infecting your child it is recommended to always withdraw the dropper completely from the nose before releasing your grip18.
Dr. Sarthak Soni, MBBS, MD (Pediatrics)
The safe use of nasal drops in newborns, infants, and children depends on following the correct dosage and frequency. Moreover, every child is different, and the right amount may vary depending on age, weight, and medical condition.
Therefore, even if the recommended saline nasal drops dosage for babies is mentioned on the product packaging, parents should always follow their paediatrician’s instructions rather than relying on general guidance.
Key point: Always consult your paediatrician for the correct type, dosage, and frequency of nasal drops or sprays for your child. Remember, safe handling and proper use are just as important as the medicine itself.
In my experience, a common mistake parents make is frequent or aggressive suctioning after using nasal drops. It is usually advised to limit mechanical suctioning via nasal suction bulb to maximum 2–3 times a day preferably before feeds and before sleep, as overuse causes trauma and swelling of the delicate nasal mucosa, which paradoxically worsens the congestion17.
Dr. Sarthak Soni, MBBS, MD (Pediatrics)
Nasal drops and sprays are generally safe, especially saline ones, but rarely some side effects may occur, particularly with medicated drops:
Here are some tips to help you use nasal drops and sprays safely for your baby:
Also Read: Home Remedies for Cold in Infants and Babies
While nasal drops and sprays are generally safe and helpful, parents should consult a paediatrician if any of the following occur:
Also Read: How to Stop Constant Cough in Children: Expert Tips and Tricks
Saline nasal drops and sprays are a safe, gentle, and effective way to relieve nasal congestion in babies and children. They help loosen and clear mucus, ease nasal blockage, and make breathing more comfortable (especially during colds, allergies, or dryness).
When used correctly, nasal drops are highly safe and well-tolerated. However, it is important for parents to follow the right dosage, handling, and frequency, and to seek medical advice before using medicated drops or sprays.
Remember, with proper use and guidance from your paediatrician, nasal drops can provide valuable relief, support restful sleep and feeding, and help little ones recover more comfortably and quickly.
Also Read: When Do Babies Start Teething: A Detailed Development Timeline for New Parents
It is possible, but not always practical. For safety and effectiveness, it is usually easier when the baby is slightly upright or lying down with the head gently tilted back. This position helps the drops spread properly and reduces the risk of choking or discomfort11,12.
Saline drops are usually safe and can be used 2 to 3 times a day, which can be increased up to 6 times or as directed on the packaging. Always follow your paediatrician’s advice and avoid overuse13.
Yes, saline nasal sprays are generally safe for toddlers (usually above 2 years). However, medicated sprays should only be used if prescribed by a doctor16.
Saline drops are drug-free and rarely cause side effects. In some cases, babies may briefly sneeze or feel mild irritation, but this usually passes quickly11.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Achyranthes aspera is a perennial herb widely found in tropical regions and has been traditionally valued for its various uses in different cultural practices. Common names for the plant include chaff flower, prickly chaff flower, and devil’s horsewhip. All parts of the plant, roots, seeds, leaves, flowers, and fruits, have traditionally been used for various purposes, such as for eye conditions and heavy menstrual bleeding2. During Ganesh Chaturthi, the leaves are used in Ganesh Patra pooja3.
A. aspera (chaff flower) is an upright, spreading herb with many branches and a quadrangular stem. It is a perennial plant that can live for several years and usually grows up to 6–7 feet in height. The stem has noticeable longitudinal ridges or grooves with hairy nodes.
The leaves of Achyranthes aspera are simple, short-stalked, and covered with fine hairs. They grow opposite each other on the stem, which is sharp-pointed and woody. The upper surface of the leaves is green, while the underside is yellowish. Each leaf is about 8–10 cm long and 7–8 cm wide, with an egg-shaped broad base and a pointed tip.
The plant produces small green or yellowish-white flowers arranged in long, axillary spikes that can grow up to 60 cm in length. Flowering occurs throughout the year. By the time flowers bend towards the stem in the fruiting stage, the bracts (small leaf-like structures around the flowers) become sharp, pointed tips, making the heads spiny to the touch.
Fruits are orange to reddish-purple or straw-brown capsules, contain a single seed, and are produced throughout the year. The fruit easily attaches to clothes and animal skin1,2,4.
A. aspera is mainly found in tropical Asian, African, and warmer regions. It is also found in Australia and America, Ceylon, and Baluchistan. In India, it predominantly grows like a weed on roadsides4.
A. aspera contains the following key components:
The plant A. aspera and its seeds contain carbohydrates, proteins, and several bioactive components, including flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which may support overall health4.
Achyranthes Aspera or Chaff flower is highly nutritious and has caloric value. Based on some studies, it may have anti-diabetic activity and may be useful in managing diabetes11.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
The plant is known by different names in various parts of India, as follows.
Based on some research, A. aspera or Chaff flower might possess anti-fertility properties and might play a positive role in an unwanted pregnancy. However, its use should be in moderation and only after taking a professional opinion10.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
A. aspera is generally considered safe when used in moderation, but may occasionally cause side effects like skin rashes and irritation5. If you notice symptoms after consuming A. aspera, you must consult your primary healthcare professional immediately9. As a precaution, it is important to consult a doctor before consuming this medicine to confirm whether it is safe for you.
Also Read: Lavender: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
Achyranthes Aspera is a traditional medicinal herb or weed all over India. Almost all the parts (seeds, roots, and shoots) of A. aspera are used to prepare traditional medicines.
A. aspera may support the management of boils, asthma, in facilitating delivery, bleeding, bronchitis, debility, dropsy, cold, colic, cough, dog bite, snake bite, scorpion bite, dysentery, earache, headache, leukoderma, renal complications, pneumonia, and skin diseases.
Also Read: Aloe Vera: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Yes, traditionally, A. aspera is used for menstrual disorders like dysmenorrhoea. However, there is limited scientific evidence to prove this effect.
A. aspera supplements may support wound healing due to their tannin content, which is known to have astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. A. aspera supplements may also help improve blood flow to the wound. This synergistic effect may support faster wound healing.
A. Aspera supplement may support ulcer management as it contains a mixture of anti-ulcer and gastroprotective bioactive compounds. A. aspera supplements may be helpful in lowering the volume of gastric juice and total acidity, thereby increasing the pH of gastric juice. This may help in managing ulcer-related problems.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove
Are you wondering about the Ozempic vs Wegovy difference? While they both contain the same ingredient (semaglutide), these two drugs have been prescribed by doctors for different uses.
Ozempic may be prescribed by your doctor to aid in management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus while Wegovy may be prescribed to help with weight management1,2.
In this blog, we will explore the uses, dosing, side effects, mechanism, cost and the results of Ozempic vs Wegovy.
Wegovy and Ozempic have gained immense popularity over the years. Though both contain the same key ingredient, semaglutide, they have been approved and marketed under separate brand names for different purposes. Ozempic was developed first with the goal of management of type 2 diabetes mellitus while Wegovy was developed to help in weight management1,2,3.
This table shows the Wegovy vs Ozempic comparison to understand the key differences in the uses and doses available1,2:
| Ozempic | Wegovy | |
| Approval Year | 20173 | 20213 |
| Key Ingredient | Semaglutide | Semaglutide |
| Primary Use | Management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and may help to reduce the risk of heart diseases in these individuals. | Chronic weight management in individuals who are obese or overweight and suffer from any weight related comorbidity such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc4. |
| Doses and Forms Available | 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Available as pre-filled injection pen with multiple doses. | 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 1.74 mg, 2.4 mg Available as pre-filled injection for single use only. |
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonist, is approved by the FDA as 2 separate medications – Wegovy and Ozempic5.
Wegovy has been approved by FDA along with strict diet and physical activity mainly for chronic weight management in1,5:
Ozempic has been approved by FDA mainly for2,5:
However, it is also prescribed off-label for weight management.
While their indications differ, both medications may improve metabolic health and may help in weight management as well. Because they contain the same active ingredient, both these medications share many benefits, such as reducing insulin resistance, lowering inflammation, and potentially decreasing the risk of complications related to obesity and cardiovascular disease1,2,5.
Both Wegovy and Ozempic are generally administered as subcutaneous injections or as advised by your doctor. However, their approved uses, dose escalation schedules, and maximum doses differ.
Both medications are generally injected subcutaneously into the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm or as advised by your doctor. Your doctor will recommend that you take the medication once weekly, preferably at the same time each week1,2.
When we consider the Wegovy vs Ozempic dose, Wegovy is available in 5 different pens containing the prescribed doses of semaglutide (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 1.7 mg, and 2 mg)1,6. Ozempic is available in pre-filled pen semaglutide dosages of 0.25 mg (for initiating treatment and not for sugar control), 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg.
The differences in the Wegovy vs Ozempic dose in adults is as follows1,2:
| Starting Dose | Maximum Dose | Maintenance | |
| Wegovy | 0.25 mg / week | 2.4 mg / week | 1.7 mg or 2.4 mg / week |
| Ozempic | 0.25 mg / week | 2 mg / week | 0.5 mg or 1 mg or 2 mg / week |
If a dose of either of the medication is missed, it can be taken within 5 days. If beyond 5 days, the missed dose can be skipped. It’s ideal to consult the doctor for best advice on skipped dosages of medicines1,2.
Semaglutide injection must always be used as directed and at the dose recommended by doctor.
Side effects of both Wegovy and Ozempic are usually similar.
Common ones include7:
Serious side effects may include7,8:
If you face any of these symptoms, it is important to consult your doctor and seek immediate medical care.
Both Wegovy and Ozempic contain the same active drug semaglutide. Semaglutide has been extensively studied in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity. It has shown significant reductions in HbA1c levels in several studies. In the SUSTAIN clinical trial program, the average HbA1c reductions ranged from 1.45% to 1.55%, depending on the dose (0.5 mg to 1 mg weekly). The trial also demonstrated its benefit for weight loss5,9.
Another study, the STEP trial, established the effectiveness of semaglutide for weight loss at a dose of 2.5mg with a mean reduction in body weight by about 15% after 68 weeks10. Moreover, these trials also showed improvements in cardiometabolic health, including reductions in waist circumference, blood pressure, and lipid levels.
When comparing Wegovy vs Ozempic for weight loss, there are no studies directly assessing the same. Although, a metanalysis of latest weight loss drugs showed that individuals who took 2.4 mg of semaglutide lost more weight than those who took 1 mg of semaglutide11, which is the usual maintenance dose of Wegovy.
Thus, it can be summarized that the effects of Ozempic and Wegovy overlap. Both of these can lower blood sugar, manage weight, and improve cardiovascular outcomes, though the degree of benefit varies with the dose and target population. Generally, Ozempic is primarily chosen for patients with type 2 diabetes where glucose control is central, while Wegovy is the primary choice in obese or overweight individuals seeking chronic weight loss.
When we look at the Ozempic vs Wegovy cost in the U.S., Ozempic, primarily indicated for type 2 diabetes, costs around $936/month, while Wegovy, primarily indicated for chronic weight management, is priced at $1,349/month. However, these medications are much cheaper in Europe, these drugs are significantly cheaper. Their high cost and effectiveness have kept them in global headlines12.
Until recently, Wegovy was not available in India, though oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) was being used for management of diabetes. However, in June 2025, Novo Nordisk officially launched Wegovy in India as a once-weekly injectable for weight loss. Ozempic is still not approved in India, though the semaglutide molecule is available in oral form13.
Wegovy in India is priced from ₹17,345 to ₹26,015/month depending on the dose you require13. This is lower than global prices but still high for most patients. Moreover, most Indian health insurance policies do not cover weight management medications unless they are prescribed for conditions like type 2 diabetes. Hence, you should expect out-of-pocket expenses for Wegovy. Global demand for GLP‑1 medications has led to supply shortages, affecting availability in India too14.
In Ozempic vs Wegovy ingredients, both medications share the same primary ingredient, semaglutide, however, the excipients may differ. In Wegovy, phenol content is not used as inactive ingredients which is present in Ozempic.
Both medications act through the same mechanism, as they belong to the class known as GLP-1 receptor agonists. GLP-1 is a natural hormone in the body that helps regulate blood sugar and appetite. Semaglutide mimics the action of this hormone. By slowing down the emptying of food from the stomach, semaglutide makes you feel full for longer, which helps reduce food intake. At the same time, it improves how the body responds to insulin, keeping blood sugar levels more stable5,7.
Before starting Wegovy or Ozempic, a doctor must always be consulted. Any relevant medical and family history and the current health status should be disclosed to ensure safe and effective use. The following should be discussed with a doctor before using semaglutide7:
Wegovy and Ozempic may also react with certain medications such as5:
Always follow your doctor’s instructions closely as regular communication with your doctor helps reduce risks and ensures the best results.
Though both medications contain the same active ingredient semaglutide, they are prescribed for different purposes. While Wegovy is indicated for chronic weight management with or without diabetes, Ozempic is primarily approved for managing type 2 diabetes1,2. As the results may take time to show, its best to continue with the one prescribed by your doctor based on your needs.
However, you may sometimes need to switch medications due to supply shortages, insurance coverage issues, or access limitations that make one medication more available than the other. In such cases, it is important to consult your doctor. Although Wegovy and Ozempic share the same active ingredient, their dosing schedules and maximum dosages differ. Hence, it is always recommended that you consult your doctor to understand the dosing equivalence of new medication for best results1,2.
Moreover, self-switching or overlapping treatments can lead to serious side effects or reduced effectiveness. Therefore, always follow your doctor’s instructions and take the medicine as prescribed1,2.
Also Read: Everything to Know About GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Its Role in Weight Management
Wegovy and Ozempic are both semaglutide-based medications but are prescribed for different purposes. Wegovy is mainly prescribed for chronic weight management, while Ozempic is mainly prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Though both medications contain the same ingredient, their dosing, approvals, and availability differ, making medical guidance essential when choosing or switching between them. If you are considering either medication, always consult your doctor to ensure the safest and most effective option for your health needs.
Wegovy and Ozempic are prescription medications both containing the same active ingredient semaglutide, however, their inactive ingredients can vary. Although both medications are FDA-approved, Wegovy is approved mainly for chronic weight management, while Ozempic is indicated for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes1,2.
Ozempic which contains semaglutide, a GLP1 receptor agonist, can lead to weight loss when used off-label. However, it should not be used to manage weight loss alone as it is FDA-approved for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is important to consult your doctor and take this medication as directed1,2,12.
Both medicines contain semaglutide but are approved for different purposes. While the maintenance dose of Wegovy is usually higher than Ozempic, it is primarily for weight management, while Ozempic is for diabetes. Consult your doctor to understand which medication will be most suitable for you1,2.
Though both medications can show adverse effects, studies have shown that the risk of gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting increases with higher doses of semaglutide. Hence, if you are taking any of these medications and facing any side effects, it is best to consult your doctor as these side effects can be managed by gradually adjusting the dose of your medication15.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Magnesium is an important mineral that may help the body in several processes, including producing energy, helping muscles move, and supporting nerves to send signals. It also helps control blood sugar and blood pressure. Most of the magnesium is stored in bones and muscles, and only a small amount circulates in the blood. Low magnesium levels in blood can cause muscle cramps, weakness, poor nerve function, and even serious heart problem1,2.
When magnesium levels drop, doctors may recommend the most suitable form of magnesium supplementation to meet individual needs. There are different types of magnesium supplements available, like magnesium oxide, citrate, chloride, lactate, and glycinate. Among these, magnesium glycinate is a well-absorbed form in which magnesium is bound to an amino acid called glycine. This combination not only improves absorption but also makes it gentler on the stomach, reducing the chance of digestive discomfort compared to other forms. Magnesium glycinate has been shown to be helpful for people experiencing stress, anxiety, sleep difficulties, or tiredness3,4.
In this blog, we will explore magnesium glycinate benefits, uses, side effects, and foods containing magnesium glycinate.
Magnesium glycinate is a nutritional supplement that provides the body with magnesium. In this form, magnesium is joined with glycine, a small building block of protein. Together, they form a stable compound called a chelate4,5. This may help the body absorb magnesium better, giving it high bioavailability. Bioavailability means the amount of magnesium the body can actually use after taking it6.
The amount absorbed may depend on many factors. Internal factors include age, overall health, and how much magnesium is already in the body. External factors include the dose, the type of food eaten with it, and the form of the supplement. Some suppliers of raw materials do not fully join magnesium with glycine. Instead, they may just mix magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide with glycine and call it magnesium glycinate. This is only a dry mix of two separate compounds, with little or no actual bonding, so it is not the same as true magnesium glycinate. It is recommended to choose a high-quality, approved supplement with good formulation4,6.
Next, we will look at the benefits of magnesium glycinate.
Magnesium glycinate may be recommended when the body’s magnesium levels are low, or when magnesium from food is not enough5,7. It is considered useful for supporting various areas of health including:
Magnesium supplementation may play an important role in calming certain brain switches called NMDA receptors, which may become overactive when magnesium levels are low. It may also help relax blood vessels and aid in circulation to support healthy brain and nerve function4,8.
Magnesium supplementation, along with zinc, selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin E, may show positive effects in regulating blood sugar. It may help improve insulin sensitivity, keeping fasting sugar levels under control. It may also help maintain healthy cholesterol levels in people with diabetes and heart disease.
Magnesium is needed to convert vitamin D into its active form, helping the body absorb calcium and support parathyroid hormone activity. Supplementation with magnesium may contribute to bone health, especially when combined with vitamin D and calcium. It may also help lower bone turnover in elderly women after menopause.
Magnesium taken orally may act as a natural calcium channel blocker, which can help ease blood vessel tension, improve blood vessel function in the heart, and may even help control blood pressure in people with diabetes and heart disease.
Magnesium may help in muscle contraction. When levels are low, magnesium deficiency can cause muscle cramps. By restoring magnesium levels, muscle function may improve3,7.
Magnesium supplementation may reduce calcium oxalate crystal formation and decrease intestinal oxalate absorption, helping prevent kidney stone formation6.
Magnesium helps the body make serotonin, a chemical that affects mood and feelings of happiness. Magnesium supplementation may help calm the brain by slowing overactive signals and supporting relaxing signals (GABA agonist), which can make it easier to feel calm and sleep better, but these effects are not very strong or consistent3,7.
Magnesium glycinate may help protect the body from oxidative stress and help fight inflammation in the body owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties3,8.
An important benefit of magnesium glycinate is that it is a chelated form, where magnesium is bonded with glycine. It is well absorbed by the body, with some of it taken in as a small, complete unit called a dipeptide in the upper part of the small intestine. This special absorption makes it gentle on the stomach and an effective option compared to other types of magnesium supplements4,6.
Note: While initial studies have shown benefits of magnesium supplementation, further large-scale human-trials are needed to confirm these.
Magnesium glycinate may be used in the management of several health conditions including:
Thus, magnesium glycinate may be useful inmanaging magnesium deficiency and related health issues, and next we will see how it compares with other types of magnesium in effectiveness, absorption, and tolerance.
Magnesium supplements come in many forms, mainly divided into two types: inorganic or organic. Inorganic forms, like magnesium oxide, may provide a high amount of magnesium but may not be absorbed well in the gut. Organic forms, like magnesium citrate, may dissolve more easily and may be absorbed better1.
One important magnesium glycinate benefit is, it is one of the organic forms that is gentle on the gut and may usually cause fewer stomach issues or loose stools compared to some other forms. It has high bioavailability and is usually absorbed well in the gut14,15. Thus, it may be a suitable option for long-term use and for people with special needs, like after intestinal surgery (ileal resection), where absorption is affected13.
Other forms of magnesium may vary in absorption and effects:
Overall, magnesium glycinate may offer better absorption, higher bioavailability, and fewer digestive issues, and may be a well-tolerated choice compared to many other forms of magnesium.
Low magnesium may not always show clear signs, especially if the shortage is mild. However, when the deficiency becomes excessive, it may affect muscles, nerves, and the heart.
People with conditions like diabetes may be more likely to have low magnesium, and long-term deficiency may increase the risk of heart problems6,7.
Magnesium glycinate may be prescribed in different amounts depending on the situation. The recommended dose is mostly 200- 400mg of elemental magnesium per day, sometimes given in divided doses. At higher doses, side effects like diarrhoea may occur4.
The doctor may decide the exact dose based on your individual needs, condition, and health situation.
Also Read: Magnesium Rich Foods: Your Ultimate Guide to Essential Nutrition
Magnesium glycinate is generally well tolerated, and side effects are uncommon. Some people may notice mild stomach issues at high doses of supplements, which can sometimes cause loose stools, nausea, or abdominal cramps. Very high levels may rarely lead to more serious issues like low blood pressure, extreme tiredness, or irregular heartbeat3,7. Other effects like sleep changes, headaches, dizziness, increased thirst, frequent urination, or joint pain are very rare or unlikely14,17.
When you experience these magnesium glycinate side effects, you need to pay attention and let your doctor know. Your doctor may adjust the dose or check for interactions with any medicines you are taking. The dose your doctor decides may depend on your health condition and what magnesium is prescribed for.
Also Read: Everything to Know About GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Its Role in Weight Management
Foods do not naturally have magnesium glycinate, but many contain magnesium itself, which the body can use. Green leafy vegetables like spinach and kale, legumes such as beans and lentils, nuts including almonds and cashews, and seeds like pumpkin or chia are good sources. Whole grains, brown rice, soy products, and some dairy like milk and yogurt also provide magnesium. Certain breakfast cereals are fortified with magnesium to add extra amounts.
The amount of magnesium in foods can vary depending on how they are processed. For example, refined grains lose magnesium when the nutrient-rich parts are removed. Water can also contain magnesium, though levels vary by source. Eating a mix of these foods helps the body get enough magnesium to support normal functions.
Examples of magnesium-rich foods: spinach, kale, beans, lentils, almonds, cashews, pumpkin seeds, chia seeds, brown rice, oatmeal, milk, yoghurt, salmon, and avocado2,7.
Also Read: Foods To Avoid While Taking Metformin
Magnesium glycinate may be a helpful option when your body needs extra magnesium or food alone is not enough to meet the needs. It may be absorbed well, is gentle on the stomach, and suitable for long-term use in healthy adults with normal kidney function, or for special needs, like after intestinal surgery. People with kidney problems should use it with caution and under monitoring. Other forms of magnesium may work differently in absorption and tolerance. Your doctor may decide if magnesium glycinate is right for you, and the exact dose will depend on your health and what it is prescribed for.
Magnesium in forms like citrate, oxide, aspartate, and chloride are used to support healthy blood pressure. No single form is shown to be superior; dose and duration are more important. A daily intake of about 400-500 mg may be associated with blood pressure benefits. Among the types, magnesium citrate is absorbed well, oxide may sometimes upset the stomach, and magnesium glycinate is gentle and its use in high blood pressure is under research4,18.
Magnesium glycinate is not a sleeping pill. It may support relaxation and calm the nervous system, which can help with sleep in some people. Your doctor may decide if it is appropriate for your sleep needs3,7.
Magnesium glycinate may be used to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine headaches. It is well absorbed and gentle on digestion. Your doctor may advise if it is suitable for your situation and the correct dose4.
Magnesium glycinate may help regulate nerve signals in the brain, supporting calmness and normal function. It may help protect nerve cells and support overall brain activity4,8.
The best time to take magnesium glycinate depends on doctor guidance and the condition being treated. Some people may take it at different times, in divided doses, or after meals or at bedtime. Timing can vary and should follow individual recommendations16,18.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
3
Influenza or flu is one of the most common and unpleasant illnesses encountered by humans. And when you catch it, one of the first questions that is likely to come to your mind is “how long will this last?” Actually, flu symptoms such as the abrupt onset of high fever, dry cough, and headache, along with muscle pain, are so distressing that you just want the illness to end as quickly as possible. But how? Well, the solutions are specific to your health, and we’ll have a look at these in this blog.
The flu, commonly known as influenza, primarily affects the respiratory tract but is not limited to the nose, throat, and lungs. It also causes systemic symptoms like fever, muscle pain and malaise, which are mainly due to the immune response to infection1. Influenza viruses are the cause of flu. These viruses can be divided into four types: A, B, C, and D.
When seasonal influenza viruses A (subtypes H1N1, H3N2, etc.) or influenza B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) infect people, the illness is referred to as seasonal influenza2. Globally, annual influenza epidemics of varying intensity usually happen during colder months in temperate regions3. While mostly it resolves soon, in some cases the disease can prolong and cause certain complications.
The main ways by which influenza is transferred from person to person are through direct contact with respiratory secretions and large droplets4. The incubation period of influenza, i.e., the time from infection to development of symptoms, is about 1 to 4 days5.
It is important to note that viral shedding (i.e., the virus is shed in nasal and oropharyngeal secretions, which can spread through coughing and sneezing) can take place one day prior to the beginning of symptoms, peak in the first 3 – 5 days, and continue up to seven days after6,7,8. Thus, you can spread the infection even before and after the symptoms show. Viral shedding may be prolonged to 10 days or more in young children9,10, immunocompromised individuals11,15, and severely ill individuals.
Immunity to influenza immunity is a host characteristic and determines an individual’s vulnerability to infection8. Young children may lack immunity, while older adults may have some cross-protection from prior exposures but remain at higher risk of severe disease.
Depending on age, comorbidities, vaccination status, and innate immunity to the virus, the clinical presentation of influenza ranges between mild to severe.1 Influenza symptoms include loss of appetite, headache, acute myalgia (muscle pain), fever, chills, and malaise. In severe cases, there may be respiratory distress, hypoxia, complications (e.g., pneumonia, encephalopathy, myocarditis), and hospital requirement.
Usually, the patient gets a high-grade fever in the first few days, and then the fever progressively goes down on the second and third days. However, it can continue for four to eight days. During the long recovery phase, that is the weeks that follow, the patient may have complaints of dry cough and malaise16.
Thus, majority symptoms resolve in three to seven days, though fatigue and cough can linger longer for 2 weeks more. For high-risk individuals (elderly, individuals with impaired immune system), the illness may last longer17,18.
Individuals at risk of severe disease or complications from influenza include the following groups22:
In a major research assessing the clinical presentation of influenza in children, nearly all (95%) had fever, while cough (77%) and rhinitis (78%) were also rather prevalent. However, headache (26%) and myalgia (7%) were substantially less common19. Younger children have not yet developed immunity to a wide variety of circulating seasonal influenza strains because they have not been exposed to influenza frequently. As a result, they are more prone to get frequent disease20. Additionally, they may develop gastro-intestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite) and have higher fevers (often linked to febrile convulsions)21. Children often get high fevers and complications (e.g., febrile seizures, otitis media), but not necessarily more severe disease overall.
Thus, it can be summarized that symptoms typically last till a week, but fatigue and malaise may linger longer for a week or more. However, this duration is prolonged in the above-mentioned high-risk groups, who can have more severe disease and children who are prone to frequent infections.
The flu is contagious means it can spread to others due to ongoing viral shedding in the infected individual. Presymptomatic shedding usually occurs about 24 hours before the disease manifests, and patients are typically contagious for 5 to 7 days after onset, while some studies suggest that it may continue till 10 days later23. It should be noted that children, elderly, individuals with weakened immune system, and patients with chronic illnesses may have prolonged periods of shedding and infectiousness17,24.
Flu symptoms might appear suddenly and persist for a few weeks. Following is the normal pattern of a flu episode16:
Thus, improvement in uncomplicated influenza should be noticed in 3 – 7 days. However, fatigue and coughing may last longer for 1 – 2 weeks. If a typical course of flu is accompanied with shortness of breath, then it is not normal. The most common complication in children is otitis media; in adults, bronchitis and secondary bacterial infections are frequent25. Pneumonia is a serious complication, especially in high-risk individuals. Primary viral pneumonia, which is caused by the influenza virus, can occur as a continuum of the acute influenza illness. It is severe, rapidly progressive, but less common. Secondary pneumonia, which occurs after a few days, is a mixed viral and bacterial infection16. Secondary bacterial pneumonia occurs after initial improvement, often due to S. pneumoniae, S. aureus or H. influenzae26. If symptoms persist or newer ones like shortness of breath occur, consult your doctor immediately.
Antivirals are indicated for anyone at high risk of complications, hospitalized patients, or those with severe/progressive disease.
There are two types of anti-influenza medications:
M2 inhibitors (amantadine, rimantadine) are usually not recommended due to widespread resistance in circulating influenza A strains. Peramivir (IV neuraminidase inhibitor)27 and Baloxavir marboxil (cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor) are now widely used in some regions. These antiviral drugs (e.g., oseltamivir, baloxavir), if started early (within 48 hours of symptom onset), can modestly reduce symptom duration and complications.
In a study28, some herbal remedies were found to be effective against respiratory viruses. These include natural products like licorice roots, elderberry, Echinacea, pomegranate, guava tea, and Bai Shao. Probiotics, zinc, selenium, vitamin C, seaweed extract, yeast-based products, and garlic extract were among the supplements that showed beneficial effects against respiratory viruses. However, evidence for herbal remedies is limited, inconsistent, and often not influenza-specific. Further studies are needed to confirm their use in influenza.
Note: These home remedies should be used after consulting a doctor, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions.
If you are in a high-risk group for a serious infection or have any concerns, see a doctor. Get medical help right away if you suffer from any of the following symptoms1:
Also Read: Influenza A: What is It, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Influenza Vaccine: Annual immunization against seasonal influenza is the most effective way to avoid influenza and its serious consequences. New vaccinations are created every year to match circulating viruses29 since the influenza virus undergoes antigenic drift, which outpaces the immune system’s ability to defend against novel versions30. The main issue is antigenic drift (minor mutations) and occasional antigenic shift (major changes in Influenza A)21.
Every year, adults and children ≥3 years should receive a single injection of the influenza vaccine (0.5 mL), ideally by October in the northern hemisphere and May in the southern hemisphere16.
For children (6 – 35 months), 0.25 mL (for some vaccines) or 0.5 mL depending on formulation is recommended31.
In addition, to prevent the spread of virus, the following hygiene measures should be taken:
Also Read: H3N2 Influenza: Health Hazard Or Public Panic?
Usually in uncomplicated flu, it takes 3 – 5 days to recover from the symptoms of fever and muscle pain, however, cough and malaise may persist beyond 7 days. People with chronic conditions, elderly individuals, pregnant women and infants <2 years are far more susceptible to flu-related complications. In order to treat the flu, people should rest and avoid exposure during the contagious period. Don’t rush back into your regular activities too soon; instead, be patient and pay attention to your body. To stay healthy during flu season, think about getting vaccinated. The flu vaccine is your best defence against future flu viruses.
Also Read: H1N1 (Swine Flu): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Common cold is caused by viral infections (e.g., rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus). While some symptoms of a cold may resemble those of influenza, influenza typically lasts longer than a cold and is more severe. Fever and myalgia are more typical of influenza, but in some cases, severe colds (especially in children) can also cause mild fever.
Pneumonia, myocarditis, myositis and acute respiratory distress syndrome are possible outcomes for just a small portion of influenza patients. Hospitalization and even death may result from these issues. Although those with pre-existing medical illnesses are at a higher risk of complications from influenza, healthy individuals can also experience complications1.
An “enhanced” influenza vaccination is made especially to boost the immune system’s reaction to the vaccine.
It may include:
-a greater quantity of antigen without adjuvant (this refers to high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV)).
-a regular amount of antigen with an adjuvant (a substance that boosts an immunological response to a vaccine).
Older adults typically receive less protection from influenza vaccinations than younger adults, and they do not react as well to standard-dose influenza vaccinations as younger adults do.Enhanced vaccines do not guarantee complete protection but improve immune response and effectiveness in the ≥65 age group compared to standard vaccines32.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Flu or influenza is an infection caused by influenza viruses, typically the A, and B types. Influenza spreads easily and can affect people of any age, from children to the elderly1,2. While most of them recover within a few days, uncomplicated flu takes about 5–7 days to resolve, and tiredness or cough can last up to 2 weeks3.
Sometimes flu can lead to serious problems like pneumonia (directly caused by the flu, or by superimposed bacterial infection) and worsening of diseases like asthma, diabetes, and heart problems. Every year, millions of people get affected by flu worldwide, with many even needing hospital admission. Taking a flu shot is the most effective way to lower this risk. It not only helps prevent flu infection but also reduces the risk of complications and hospitalisation4,5.
While the benefits of the flu shot are clear, some people worry about what happens after the flu shot and whether they will get side effects. Like any vaccine, the flu shot may cause some side effects, but they are mostly mild and short-term6. In this blog, let’s see what the flu shot side effects are, how long they last, and simple ways to feel better.
There are three main types of influenza vaccines: the inactivated influenza vaccine, the live attenuated influenza vaccine and the recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV). The inactivated vaccine contains killed viruses and is given as an injection. The live attenuated vaccine is made from weakened viruses and is available as a nasal spray1,7. Recombinant vaccines, such as FluBlok, are newer vaccines made without using the flu virus or eggs, especially for people with egg allergies. These are available in some countries but are not common in India.
In India, the commonly used form is the inactivated influenza vaccine, which is administered as an injection into the arm muscle in adults, and into the thigh muscle in infants1,7. It is recommended for people at higher risk, such as children aged six months and older, adults over 65 years, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and people with chronic illnesses like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease1. It is not recommended for all adults, unlike in some countries such as the US, where vaccination is advised for everyone4.
When you get the flu shot, your body’s immune system is activated to produce protective antibodies against the flu virus. The antibodies are developed within 2 weeks after you get your flu shot. These antibodies are mainly responsible for the effectiveness of vaccines and protect children and adults from severe infection. When you get infected with flu, your body also produces antibodies, but this protection works only against the same type of flu and slowly fades away, especially because the flu virus keeps changing its form. In the same way, the antibodies produced by the vaccine gradually decline over time4,9. Therefore, it is recommended to get your flu shot yearly once before the flu season to protect yourself.
You can prepare yourself by following these simple things before you get a flu shot:
After getting the flu shot, it’s normal to experience mild soreness, pain, swelling or redness at the site of injection. Small children may become irritable and cry excessively. These signs are generally nothing to worry about and resolve soon on their own4,6.
Some individuals, especially adolescents, may have a fainting sensation during or after the vaccination, but this is mainly due to anxiety related to the injection process and not the side effects of injection per se. If you feel dizzy, you will be made to sit for 15-20 mins and monitored after the injection11.
There are some other minor or rarely major side effects that may occur after getting the flu shot. We’ll discuss these in detail in the following sections.
Flu shots are generally safe, but mild flu vaccine side effects may be seen.
Serious flu shot side effects are very rare. Only 1 to 2 people out of 1 million doses may have a severe allergic reaction seen as:
These reactions can sometimes start even after leaving the clinic or hospital15,16.
In very rare cases, some people may have a risk of developing flu vaccine long-term side effects like Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) a few days or weeks after vaccination. GBS is a rare disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves, causing weakness and, in some cases, paralysis. However, the chance of getting GBS from the flu vaccine is extremely rare, about 1 to 2 people in every 1 million. This risk is much lower than getting GBS from catching the flu itself17.
Flu vaccines are made with viruses that are no longer active or with particles that mimic the flu virus, so they cannot cause flu directly. Instead, they help your body build an immune response and produce antibodies against flu6,9.
Sometimes, a person may still get flu after being vaccinated, but this is not because of the vaccine. It could happen if you are exposed to flu within 1–2 weeks after the shot, before your body develops full protection, or if you catch a flu strain not covered by the vaccine.
The nasal spray flu vaccine (not available in India) contains a weakened form of the virus. In rare cases, it may cause mild cold-like symptoms, but not true flu. This is not seen in other types of flu vaccines4,7.
In fact, it helps protect you and usually makes illness milder if you do get infected. Vaccinated people have a much lower risk of hospitalisation and death from flu.
Other reasons someone might get flu after vaccination include catching it before the body has finished building protection, facing a flu strain not covered by the vaccine, or the vaccine’s effect wearing off later in the season4,9.
Most flu shot side effects are mild, like pain at the injection site, headache, tiredness, and muscle pain, usually go away within 1 to 3 days. In some cases, soreness or swelling at the injection site may last up to 7 days14.
Some may develop mild allergic skin reactions, like hives, which settle within 24 hours. Rarely, delayed reactions like skin rashes are seen which may occur hours to several days after receiving the flu shot18.
Serious allergic reactions, such as angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, or throat) or anaphylaxis, occur within minutes to a few hours, but are very rare. With proper treatment, symptoms usually resolve within hours if not severe19,20.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an extremely rare flu vaccine long-term side effect that may occur 2 to 6 weeks after vaccination. Recovery may take months to years, depending on severity21,22.
The flu vaccine side effects can be managed by doing these simple things at home:
The flu vaccine may cause mild side effects, but these are very minor compared with the benefits. It protects against influenza virus infection and greatly lowers the risk of serious illness. While no vaccine gives 100% protection, people who get the flu after vaccination are far less likely to experience severe complications, hospitalizations and even prevents ICU admissions. This protection is especially important for high-risk groups such as children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with chronic conditions. Even if you get the flu after vaccination, it is usually milder when compared with those who are not vaccinated. This makes it important to get your yearly flu shot26,27.
You should see a doctor after a flu shot if pain or fever is not relieved by paracetamol, or if symptoms are severe, worsening, persistent, or causing concern. Seek medical advice if these symptoms last more than seven days. Seek urgent care immediately if you experience flu vaccine side effects like severe allergic reactions, including difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, a rapid heartbeat, widespread rash, dizziness, or weakness16,25.
Flu shots are safe and effective, with side effects that are usually mild and short-term. They protect against flu infection, reduce the risk of complications, hospitalizations, and ICU admissions, and also protect high-risk groups such as children, pregnant women, older adults, and those with other long-term health conditions. Getting a flu vaccine every year can protect you and those around you, helping keep the community healthy throughout the flu season.
Also Read: H1N1 (Swine Flu): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Yes, you can get a flu shot during pregnancy. It helps protect you from getting the flu, reduces the risk of hospitalization, and passes antibodies to your baby before birth28.
Yes, people over 60 can get stronger flu vaccines, such as the high-dose or adjuvanted flu vaccine, which boost the immune system and provide better protection than the regular flu shot. These vaccines also help reduce complications.
Yes, you need to get a flu shot every year because the influenza virus changes constantly. Annual vaccination prepares your body to fight the current type or strain of flu circulating that season.
For most adults, only one injection is needed. However, children aged 6 months to 9 years who are receiving the flu shot for the first time, and people who have undergone transplant or have special health conditions, may need two shots, spaced one month apart8.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
