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Phalsa fruit (Grewia asiatica): Uses, Benefits, and Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode 

Introduction

“With the changing times, not only the country’s policymakers but the whole world is realising the importance of Ayurveda. Who would’ve thought that people in the upcoming generations would prefer a bottle of gooseberry or bottle gourd juices over carbonated drinks?” Despite this realization of the health benefits of plants and fruits, there are fruits like Phalsa which, although are high in nutrients but low in popularity. Phalsa is a plant that originates in Southeast Asian countries like India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh and is mainly grown for its fruit. The scientific name of the Phalsa fruit is Grewia asiatica, also known as the Indian Sherbet berry. It is a seasonal plant and the fruits are generally obtained in the summer. Phalsa fruit resembles grapes in its shape and size. They are purple in colour with a sour-sweet taste. The fruit is a powerhouse of vitamins and minerals and offers many health benefits; let us know more about those benefits1

Nutritional Value of Phalsa Fruit

Phalsa fruit is rich in carbohydrates, fibres, proteins, vitamins A, B3 and C and minerals like potassium, calcium, iron and phosphorus. The phytochemicals present in Phalsa fruit include anthocyanins, tannins, phenols and flavonoids. The nutritional chart of this fruit is given below.  

Properties of Phalsa Fruit

Phalsa fruit shows numerous scientifically proven properties; some of which are mentioned below1

I’ve discovered that Phalsa fruits have a cooling effect on the body. Phalsa fruit is rich in phenols. This property makes it a potential natural remedy for excessive body heat9.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Phalsa Fruit for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of Phalsa fruit are described below. 

1. Potential Use of Phalsa Fruit in Diabetes

diabetes

Diabetes (Type I & II) is characterised by an increase in blood glucose due to a reduction or resistance to insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose). Literature shows that fruits rich in polyphenols may positively impact diabetes. Parveen et al. conducted a study2 on diabetic rabbits in 2013 to assess the effect of Phalsa fruit on blood glucose. This study showed a reduction in rabbits’ blood glucose after administering Phalsa fruit. Additionally, this fruit has a low glycemic index and the presence of polyphenols may help reduce blood glucose levels. This indicates that Phalsa fruit may help manage diabetes. However, to claim these results in humans, we need more studies. It is further advised not to self-medicate and consult your physician for proper management of diabetes3

2. Potential Uses of Phalsa Fruit in Dyslipidemia

cholesterol

Dyslipidemia is characterised by an increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides. Studies have shown that Phalsa fruit may potentially control the altered parameters in dyslipidemia. An animal study4 conducted by Parveen et al. in 2013 showed a positive relationship between the consumption of this fruit and lipid levels. Rabbits administered Phalsa fruit extract (200mg/kg) showed reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides. This may indicate that this fruit’s consumption may help manage dyslipidemia. However, more studies on humans are needed to support these claims. Additionally, it is advised not to rely on Phalsa fruit as a remedy for managing dyslipidemia and kindly consult your physician for the proper management of dyslipidemia. 

3. Potential Uses of Phalsa Fruit in Breast Cancer

breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide; different ayurvedic treatments are being tested for their effectiveness towards breast cancer. A review2 by Muhammed et al. in 2013 states that Phalsa fruit contains smart molecules called anthocyanins which help reduce the multiplication of abnormal cells and the risk of cancers. Thus, it may be concluded that Phalsa fruit may reduce breast cancer risk. However, we need more human studies to claim these results accurately. Also, it is advised not to consider Phalsa fruit as an alternative to modern medicine; you should always consult your doctor for proper management of breast cancer. 

4. Potential Uses of Phalsa Fruit as an Antibacterial Agent

phalsa fruit

Traditionally, herbs, spices, leaves and fruits obtained from plants were used for managing bacterial infections. Muhammed et al. conducted a review2 in 2013 to test the efficacy of Phalsa fruit on different bacteria. The presence of polyphenols in Phalsa fruit inhibited the growth of S.typhi bacteria; thus, it may have the potential to manage bacterial infections like Typhoid caused by S.typhi bacteria. However, we need more studies to confirm these results in humans. Additionally, you should not consider Phalsa fruit as a remedy for managing Typhoid; it is always advised to consult a physician for proper management of Typhoid. 

5. Potential Uses of Phalsa Fruit in Depression

stress

Depression is a mood disorder that results in sadness and loss of interest and may affect everyday activities. Previous studies have shown that healthy nutrition may help in managing various ailments. A study4 conducted by Imran et al. in 2021 stated that Phalsa fruit, due to the presence of antioxidants like phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, etc., may help in managing depression. Additionally, this fruit can potentially reduce anxiety (anxiolytic effect). Therefore, Phalsa fruit may have the potential to manage depression. To claim these results for humans, we need more studies. It is further advised not to consider Phalsa fruit as an alternative to modern medicine; kindly consider your doctor for proper management of depression5

6. Other Potential Uses of Phalsa Fruit

digestion problems

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Phalsa fruit in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Phalsa fruit on human health.  

Let me give you a tip! Phalsa fruit might take care of your skin. Phalsa fruit is rich in antioxidants and numerous vitamins and minerals, which makes Phalsa a potential contributor to achieving flawless skin10.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Phalsa Fruit?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Phalsa Fruit

Phalsa fruit is considered safe when eaten in minimal amounts. A few side effects related to the consumption of Phalsa fruit include: 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to Phalsa fruit, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Also Read: Mango (Aam): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Phalsa Fruit

Consuming Phalsa fruit is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions1

Also Read: Hadjod (Cissus Quadrangularis): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of Phalsa fruit with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking. 

Also Read: Shallaki (Boswellia serrata): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What does Phalsa fruit look like? 

Phalsa fruit resembles grapes in its shape and size. They are purple in colour and sour to sweet in taste1.

What is the scientific name of Phalsa fruit? 

Phalsa fruit is called Grewia asiatica1. 

What is Phalsa fruit in Hindi? 

In Hindi, Phalsa fruit is called Sherbet berry.

Does the Phalsa fruit benefits weight loss? 

No, there are no proven results on the efficacy of the Phalsa fruit for reducing weight.

Is it okay to eat Phalsa fruit during pregnancy? 

The safety of Phalsa fruit consumption in pregnancy is not well-established; it is therefore advised to consult your doctor if you plan to add Phalsa fruit to your diet. 

References

  1. Mehmood, Arshad et al. “Nutraceutical perspectives and value addition of phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.): A review.” Journal of food biochemistry vol. 44,7 (2020): e13228. doi:10.1111/jfbc.13228. available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320069/ 
  2. Muhammad et al. “Grewia asiatica L., a food plant with multiple uses.” Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 18,3 2663-82. 28 Feb. 2013, doi:10.3390/molecules18032663. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6270019/ 
  3. Khattab, Hala A H et al. “Antihyperglycemic Potential of Grewia asiatica Fruit Extract against Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms.” Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity vol. 2015 (2015): 549743. doi:10.1155/2015/549743. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542021/ 
  4. Imran et al. “Grewia asiatica Berry Juice Diminishes Anxiety, Depression and Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Behavioral Experimental Animal Models.” Frontiers in nutrition vol. 7 587367. 15 Jan. 2021, doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.587367. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7844311/ 
  5. Chand, Suma P. and Hasan Arif. “Depression.” StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, 18 July 2022. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28613597/ 
  6. Khan, Rao & Asghar, Waqas & Khalid, Nauman & Nazir, Wahab & Farooq, Muhammad & Ahmed, Iftikhar & Syed, Qamar Abbas. (2019). Phalsa (Grewia asiatica L) fruit berry a promising functional food ingredient: A comprehensive review. Journal of Berry Research. 9. 10.3233/JBR-180332. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329936198_Phalsa_Grewia_asiatica_L_fruit_berry_a_promising_functional_food_ingredient_A_comprehensive_review 
  7. Chung, K T et al. “Tannins and human health: a review.” Critical reviews in food science and nutrition vol. 38,6 (1998): 421-64. doi:10.1080/10408699891274273. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9759559/ 
  8. Skibola, C F and M T Smith. “Potential health impacts of excessive flavonoid intake.” Free radical biology & medicine vol. 29,3-4 (2000): 375-83. doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00304-x. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11035267/ 
  9. Sivakumar D, Sultanbawa Y, Netzel M, editors. Handbook of Phytonutrients in Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables. CABI; 2022. P. 390. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vFacEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA390&dq=phalsa+fruit+medicinal+uses&ots=rVQOJWvYfP&sig=Vz0jO1LIB6RpAMcHA-VCfL6a-eY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=phalsa%20fruit%20medicinal%20uses&f=false
  10. Hassan H, Amin M, Rajwana IA, Ullah S, Razzaq K, Faried HN, et al. Nutritional functions and antioxidative enzymes in juice extract from two different maturity stages of low temperature stored phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis D.C.) fruit. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2022;153:112552. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643821017059

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Chayote: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More  

Introduction

Chayote, scientifically known as Sechium edule, is a climbing plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Initially grown in Mexico and Guatemala, it was later introduced to the United States, Europe, Africa, China, and South-Asian countries. Nowadays, it is grown throughout the world in tropical and subtropical areas1

There are two major varieties of chayote plants, namely, the commercial variety and the wild type1. Commonly chayote is known by different names such as vegetable pear, cho cho, chow-chow, sayote, pear squash, christophene, chuchu, guisquil, and iskus2

The plant’s edible parts are its fruits, stems, leaves, and roots. Chayote fruits are bright green and pear-shaped. There are many medicinal benefits of chayote owing to the bioactive compounds such as sterols, cucurbitacins and polyphenol compounds present in it1.  

Chayote Nutritional Value

Chayote has high nutrient value and is loaded with essential vitamins, minerals, fibers, and antioxidants. According to the US Department of Agriculture, the nutritional value of 100g of Chayote is as follows4:   

Potential Uses of Chayote for Overall Health

Existing studies suggest that chayote may offer the following potential benefits as a part of overall health:   

1. Potential Uses of Chayote for the Heart Health

heart health

Diets high in saturated fats can lead to fat build-up in the arteries, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. Chayote is low in fat and contains fibre and antioxidants, which may support heart health by helping to manage cholesterol levels as part of a balanced diet.  

A study8 found that extracts of Chayote help in the treatment of heart diseases by influencing the function of the smooth muscles of the arteries. Additionally, chayote is rich in fibres, and studies have shown that dietary fibres may prevent heart diseases9. However, if you have a heart condition, don’t replace your medications with chayote. It is best to consult a doctor and seek treatment accordingly.  

2. Potential Uses of Chayote for Diabetes

diabetes

Diabetes is a medical condition in which blood has high levels of sugar. A review study found that the natural antioxidants in the vegetables like chayote may maintain glucose balance in the body and reduce sugar spikes after meals10. Additionally, the rich fibrous content of the chayote may help in managing blood sugar levels by slowing down the absorption of carbohydrates, resulting in reduced blood sugar levels after eating.  The chayote extracts may reduce blood sugar levels3. Consult a doctor to know if consuming chayote is right for you in supporting diabetes management.   

3. Potential Uses of Chayote in Pregnancy 

good for pregnancy

Women require specific nutrients like folate, iron, calcium, and essential vitamins to support a healthy pregnancy2. Chayote is a good source of folate, a vital nutrient during pregnancy that supports the healthy development of the baby’s brain and spinal cord. Research has shown that adequate folate intake may help reduce the risk of premature delivery and neural tube defects. Including chayote as part of a balanced diet may contribute to a healthy pregnancy. It can also help in lowering blood pressure in pregnant women; however, it is important to consult a healthcare professional rather than relying on self-medication11,12.  

4. Potential Uses of Chayote in Cancer 

cancer

Cancer is a medical condition where the body’s cells abnormally multiply, affecting its normal functioning. A study5 found that chayote may inhibit the multiplication of cancerous cells and promote cell death. Studies13 have also found that chayote fruits may help in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Additionally, the chayote leaf extracts may inhibit the multiplication of breast cancer cells14. However, if you suspect cancer, instead of self-medicating, you should consult a doctor to understand chayote leaves’ health benefits and seek treatment accordingly.   

5. Potential Uses of Chayote for Anti-ageing

inflammaation

Antioxidants may protect the body against cellular damage and reduce inflammation. A study has shown that free radicals may damage the body cells, reduce the body’s functioning over time, and accelerate ageing. Studies15 show that antioxidants from chayote can protect the cells from harmful effects of UV rays, reduce cell damage, and slow down the signs of ageing16. Chayote is rich in antioxidants and vitamin C and may benefit the skin by promoting collagen production that may reduce the visible signs of ageing such as wrinkles, fine lines, and pigmentations1. However, you should always consult a doctor instead of self-medicating to get chayote leaves benefits.   

6. Potential Uses of Chayote in Fatty Liver 

liver

Fatty liver disease occurs when excessive fat accumulates in the liver, affecting its normal function. Some studies have indicated that extracts from chayote may help protect liver tissue by reducing fat deposition. While these findings are promising, further research is needed, and dietary changes should always be discussed with a healthcare professional7. More research is required to understand how chayote squash benefits liver functioning. If you have a fatty liver, you should consult a doctor instead of self-medicating. 

7. Other Potential Uses of Chayote

Chayote
Image Source: freepik.com

Other potential uses of chayote squash vegetable are as follows:   

In traditional medicine, decoctions made from the leaves or fruit of chayote have been used for their potential diuretic properties. They have been traditionally applied to help relieve burning sensations during urination, support kidney health, and manage certain respiratory discomforts. However, these uses are based on traditional practices, and scientific evidence is limited. Anyone considering such remedies should consult a qualified healthcare professional8

Chayote fruit is rich in vitamin A and E, both of which are essential for normal bodily functions. Vitamin A may support good vision, reproductive health, and the health of your blood, while vitamin E might be crucial for maintaining a healthy brain and glowing skin19.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Chayote?

Chayote can be used in the following ways:  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.     

Side Effects of Chayote

No significant side effects have been scientifically documented in relation to the moderate consumption of chayote as part of a normal diet. It is well-tolerated by most people and is not known to cause adverse effects when properly prepared and consumed in typical amounts. 

Precautions to Take with Chayote

General precautions must be followed while consuming chayote. Here is a list of a few precautions.    

Also Read: Ber Fruit (Jujube): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is not enough evidence on the interaction of the chayote extracts with other drugs. Further studies are required. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming chayote.    

There is a traditional belief that chayote leaves may help in the natural elimination of kidney stones. They have been used in some cultures with the view that their properties might support the breakdown of kidney stones. However, scientific research on this specific use is currently limited19. It is important to consult a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones rather than relying solely on traditional remedies.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Chayote Recipes

Chayote recipes can be enjoyed in both savoury and sweet dishes. Here are a few chayote recipe ideas to inspire your culinary creativity: 

1. Chayote Salad

Make a refreshing salad by thinly slicing chayote and mixing it with your favourite vegetables, such as tomatoes, onions, and bell peppers. Toss the salad with a zesty vinaigrette dressing for a crisp and healthy side dish. 

2. Stuffed Chayote

Stuffed chayote is a flavourful and satisfying dish in which chayote halves are filled with a seasoned mixture, commonly containing ground meat, vegetables, and herbs. The filled chayotes are then baked or cooked until tender, allowing the mild flavour of the vegetable to blend beautifully with the savoury stuffing. This dish serves as a hearty, protein-rich main course and a wholesome addition to any meal. 

3. Chayote Fries

Cut chayote into strips, season with your preferred spices, and bake or air-fry for a nutritious alternative to traditional potato fries. Sliced chayote is seasoned and baked until it becomes crisp and golden brown, offering a delightful snack or side dish with a unique flavour and texture. These chayote fries are a healthier choice for those looking to enjoy a satisfying, low-calorie treat. 

4. Chayote Squash 

Chayote squash, also known as vegetable pear or mirliton, is a green, wrinkled fruit commonly used in culinary dishes. It has a mild, crisp texture and is versatile in both savoury and sweet chayote squash recipes. Chayote is known for its high fibre content and can be cooked or eaten raw, making it a nutritious addition to a balanced diet. Its subtle flavor allows it to absorb the tastes of the dishes it’s incorporated into, making it a popular choice in various cuisines around the world. 

5. Chayote Desserts

Chayote desserts offer a unique and healthy twist to sweet treats. From chayote pies to puddings, these creations incorporate the mild, crisp texture of chayote into delightful, low-calorie desserts. With their versatility, chayote desserts are gaining popularity among those looking for a nutritious alternative to traditional sweets. 

Experiment with these chayote recipes to make the most of chayote’s unique flavour and versatility. Whether you’re looking for a healthy side dish, a filling main course, or a sweet treat, chayote can be a delightful addition to your culinary repertoire. 

Also Read: Pudina (Mint): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Conclusion 

Chayote is a nutrient-rich vegetable with potential health benefits, including heart support, blood sugar regulation, and antioxidant protection. It can be a healthy addition to your diet when consumed in moderation. However, consult a doctor before using it for medicinal purposes. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What part of the chayote plant is edible?

The fruit, including the seeds, rind, peel, and flesh are edible. You can also eat its tendrils, flowers, and roots. There are several health benefits of eating chayote raw or cooked.   

Is chayote good for diabetes?

Yes, chayote benefits people with diabetes by lowering their blood sugar levels.  Additionally, the nutritional benefits of chayote help in slowing the absorption of carbohydrates which further reduces food intake, weight and thereby, sugar intake. However, you should consult a doctor before using chayote for weight loss and diabetes.   

What are chayote juice benefits? 

There are many health benefits of chayote juice. The extract from chayote fruit may help in promoting healthy digestion, regulating blood pressure, and slowing down the ageing process. Many people prefer having chayote juice for weight loss after working out. However, you should consult a doctor before using chayote for skin, high blood pressure, and digestive issues.   

Is chayote good for the kidney?

Chayote may reduce the formation of kidney stones. However, you should consult a doctor before self-medicating chayote for kidney stones.  

What are the health benefits of chayote?

Chayote is widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It promotes heart health, prevents cancer, lowers blood pressure, regulates blood sugar, prevents fat accumulation in the liver, fights inflammation, and slows the ageing process. However, you should consult a doctor before utilising chayote benefits for high blood pressure and overall health.  

What is chayote?

Chayote is a green, wrinkled vegetable, scientifically known as Sechium edule. It belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is often used in various culinary dishes. It’s also known as mirliton squash, chocho, or guisquil in different regions. 

How to eat chayote? 

To eat chayote, you can peel and slice it for use in salads, stir-fries, or as a raw snack. It can also be cooked by boiling, steaming, or roasting. Chayote is versatile and pairs well with various flavors and cuisines. 

Is chayote good for babies?

Chayote benefits for baby become evident as it can be a nutritious addition to a baby’s diet, offering essential vitamins and dietary fiber. However, it’s crucial to consult with a pediatrician before introducing new foods to ensure they are suitable for the baby’s age and specific dietary needs. 

Is chayote good for uric acid?

Chayote is considered a relatively safe choice for individuals with high uric acid levels, as it is low in purines that can contribute to uric acid production. However, individual responses may vary, so it’s advisable to monitor how your body reacts to chayote and consult a healthcare provider or dietitian for personalized dietary recommendations. 

Is chayote high in potassium? 

Chayote is relatively low in potassium compared to many other fruits and vegetables, making it a suitable choice for individuals who need to restrict their potassium intake, such as those with kidney issues. However, portion control and overall dietary considerations are still important for individuals with specific potassium restrictions. 

References

  1. Pu Y-T, Luo Q, Wen L-H, Li Y-R, Meng P-H, Wang X-J, et al. Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of chayote, an important Cucurbitaceae vegetable crop [Internet]. Front Plant Sci [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 4];12:739091. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.739091/full 
  2. Vieira EF, Pinho O, Ferreira IMPLVO, Delerue-Matos C. Chayote (Sechium edule): A review of nutritional composition, bioactivities and potential applications. Food Chem. 2019 Mar 1;275:557-568. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.146. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814618317230?via%3Dihub    
  3. Gavia-García G, Hernández-Álvarez D, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM, Rosado-Pérez J. The Supplementation of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (Chayote) Promotes Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Protection in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 22;15(19):4106. doi: 10.3390/nu15194106. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10574595/ 
  4. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central. Chayote, fruit, raw [Internet]. Beltsville (MD): USDA; 2019 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Jun 4]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170402/nutrients  
  5. Salazar-Aguilar S, Ruiz-Posadas LDM, Cadena-Iñiguez J, Soto-Hernández M, Santiago-Osorio E, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, et al. Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz, a new cultivar with antiproliferative potential in a human cervical cancer HeLa cell line [Internet]. Nutrients. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2022 Dec 16]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28757593/ 
  6. Ordoñez AAL, Gomez JD, Cudmani NM, Vattuone MA, Isla MI. Antimicrobial activity of nine extracts of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2003;15:33–39. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323211428.pdf  
  7. Yang MY, Chan KC, Lee YJ, Chang XZ, Wu CH, Wang CJ. Sechium edule Shoot Extracts and Active Components Improve Obesity and a Fatty Liver That Involved Reducing Hepatic Lipogenesis and Adipogenesis in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 May 13;63(18):4587-96. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00346. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25912298/  
  8. Ibarra-Alvarado C, Rojas A, Mendoza S, Bah M, Gutiérrez DM, Hernández-Sandoval L, et al. Vasoactive and antioxidant activities of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [Internet]. Pharm Biol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 16];48(5):468–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20645769/  
  9. McRae MP. Dietary fiber is beneficial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses [Internet]. J Chiropr Med. 2017 Dec;16(4):289–99 [cited 2025 June 04]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29276461/ 
  10. Tiwari AK. Revisiting “Vegetables” to combat modern epidemic of imbalanced glucose homeostasis. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014;10(Suppl 2):S207–S213. Available from: https://phcog.com/article/view/2014/10/38s/s207-s213     
  11. Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Guan Y, Yu YH. Folic Acid supplementation and pregnancy: more than just neural tube defect prevention. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Summer;4(2):52-9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22102928/ 
  12. Fauziah NA, Hidajati K, Soejoenoes A. The effect of chayote extract (Sechium edule) on blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. Indones J Med. 2019;4(3):266–77. doi:10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.10. Available from: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20203262858  
  13. Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Soto-Hernández M, Cadena-Iñiguez J, Ruíz-Posadas Ldel M, Cadena-Zamudio JD, González-Ugarte AK, Steider BW, Santiago-Osorio E. Fruit extract from a Sechium edule hybrid induce apoptosis in leukaemic cell lines but not in normal cells. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(2):250-7. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2015.989370. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25611564/ 
  14. Elavarasan, N., Kokila, K., Inbasekar, G., and Sujatha, V. (2016). Evaluation of photocatalytic activity, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by Sechium edule leaf extract. Res. Chem. Intermediat. 43, 1–16. doi: 10.1007/s11164-016-2830-2. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11164-016-2830-2 
  15. Sergiev PV, Dontsova OA, Berezkin GV. Theories of aging: an ever-evolving field.   Acta Naturae. 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):9-18. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4410392/  
  16. Metral E, Rachidi W, Damour O, Demarne F, Bechetoille N. Long-term Genoprotection Effect of Sechium edule Fruit Extract Against UVA Irradiation in Keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol. 2018 Mar;94(2):343-350. doi: 10.1111/php.12854. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29110298/  
  17. Fauziah, N. A., Hidajati, K., and Soejoenoes, A. (2019). The effect of chayote extract (Sechium edule) on blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. Indonesian J. Med. 4, 266–277. doi: 10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.10. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2014/594326  
  18. Del Ángel Coronel OA, León-García E, Vela-Gutiérrez G, De la Cruz Medina J, García-Varela R, García HS. Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz). In: Yahia EM, editor. Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry and Human Health. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Blackwell; 2017. p. 1025–38. doi:10.1002/9781119158042.ch47. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320428959_Chayote_Sechium_edule_Jacq_Swartz_Chemistry_and_Human_Health_2nd_Edition  
  19. Pu YT, Luo Q, Wen LH, Li YR, Meng PH, Wang XJ, Tan GF. Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of chayote, an important Cucurbitaceae vegetable crop. Front Plant Sci. 2021 Sep 24;12:739091. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.739091. PMID: 34630492; PMCID: PMC8497889. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8497889/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Thyme (Banajwain): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh 

Introduction

Thyme adds flavor to pasta sauces and enhances them with a delicate taste and smells like summer. It has greenish-grey leaves with a distinct aroma. The scientific name of Thyme is Thymus vulgaris L, and it belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It originates from Southern Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean. Further, they are also found in many areas with temperate climates. The Greek term for Thyme is derived from the word “to fumigate,” which might refer to the fragrance produced by burning Thyme as incense in ancient Greek temples. Thyme oil consists of high concentrations of phenolic compounds1. Let us read more about thyme and its medicinal properties.  

Nutritional Value of Thyme

Thyme oil consists of high concentrations of phenolic compounds. Among other herbs, fresh thyme has the highest antioxidant activities. It is loaded with multiple phytonutrients, minerals, and vitamins essential for optimum health. The nutritional components of thyme are below1,2

In my opinion, thyme might be a powerhouse of vitamins and nutrients. This rich nutrient profile may play a vital role in boosting the immune system and promoting overall health and well-being6.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Thyme

Thyme has been studied for its numerous properties that are responsible for health benefits of thyme; some of these properties are mentioned below: 

I encountered an interesting study indicating that thyme may offer potential benefits in reducing pain and muscular spasms associated with primary dysmenorrhea. The results suggest that thyme might be effective in alleviating the severity of pain during menstrual cramps7.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Potential Uses of Thyme for Overall Health

The phenolic compound thymol is present in thyme and responsible for its antioxidative activity. Some of the potential thyme benefits are as follows2:

1. Potential Uses of Thyme for Respiratory Diseases

cough

Thyme is used in traditional medicine to treat bronchitis, whooping cough, and mucosal inflammation of the respiratory system. It is also said to have antispasmodic, bronchiolitis, and secretomotor qualities. Thyme bath oil is mentioned as a treatment for respiratory problems in the German Commission E study on herbal medicines. These medications may irritate the lungs, causing them to secrete mucus and move their cilia more quickly in the bronchial epithelia, which triggers a decongestive response1. However, Thyme medicinal uses might need further studies to establish its exact efficacy. If you have any respiratory issues, consult your doctor, and do not self-medicate. 

2. Potential Uses of Thyme for its Antibacterial Activity

infection

Prasanth4 et al. 2014 and Saleh5 et al. 2015 analyzed the essential oils derived from thyme for their biological activity and chemical components. The volatile oils of thyme were also examined for their ability to suppress the growth of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains. Further, according to Boruga3 et al. 2014, phenolic chemicals in thyme essential oil may have antibacterial activity2. However, more studies are needed to support these claims. If you have any infections, consult your doctor, and do not self-medicate. 

3. Potential Uses of Thyme to Prevent Brain Deterioration

brain

Both in vitro and in vivo studies explained that thyme possesses phytochemicals influencing the ability to acquire knowledge and understanding through experience, senses, thought, and mood1. However, more studies are needed to support these findings and prove the use of thyme for brain benefits. If you have any brain-related issues, consult your doctor, and do not self-medicate. 

4. Potential Uses of Thyme for Digestive Tract Ailments

digestive system

Traditional remedies have been prepared using thyme combinations to treat digestive tract issues. Very few studies have examined the exact effects of thyme on gastrointestinal tissues, and the results obtained from these studies are also inconsistent. The preclinical findings offer only preliminary proof of thyme advantages for the gastrointestinal tract and frequently vary in experimental design. Further, they employed various samples of thyme and thyme oil and selected thymol and carvacrol may be helpful for digestive tract ailments1. However, much more extensive research is required to state the above-mentioned potential uses. If you have any digestive-related issues, consult your doctor, and do not self-medicate.  

6. Other Potential Uses of Thyme

headache

Through my observations, I have noticed that thyme has been traditionally utilised for its healing properties, particularly in managing cuts, bruises, and scrapes. Products containing thyme might be applied topically to expedite the healing process, while consuming thyme may help reduce inflammation within the body6.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Though studies show the benefits of Thyme in various conditions, these are inadequate, and require more research is required to establish the benefits of Thyme on human health.  

How to Use Thyme?

Thyme may be used in the following ways: 

You must meet a doctor before taking Thyme in large quantities or any other herbal supplements. Likewise, consult a qualified doctor before discontinuing or replacing an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation.  

Side Effects of Thyme

There are no proper side effects related to thyme and its herbal combinations. The Council of Europe added it to its list of food items. Animal studies have also shown its safe usage for culinary purposes.  

It is thus advisable to consult an Ayurvedic physician before using thyme for any medical benefits. Further, if you experience any adverse reactions to thyme, immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Precautions to Take with Thyme

A general precaution to be followed is to avoid health issues. Do not self-medicate, substitute, or discontinue any treatment, as it might have unknown effects. 

Interactions with Other Drugs

GABAergic active constituents (reactions of these constituents might be stimulating or blocking neurotransmission) in thyme might enhance the effects of general anaesthetics. Further, if taken in higher amounts, the constituents of thyme can interact with drug-related enzymes and some medications. Although this is improbable at dietary amounts of intake, it is advisable to meet a doctor before taking any herb for its benefits1.  

Also Read: Lemon (Nimbu): Uses, Benefits, Side effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are vitamins present in thyme, and what are their benefits?  

Thyme comprises certain vitamins that are beneficial for us. The antioxidant benefits of vitamin A are responsible for thyme benefits for the skin, keeping mucous membranes healthy, and improving vision. Vitamin C destroys free radicals that cause inflammation and resists infectious diseases. Vitamin B6, present in the herb, acts as a stress buster. It also includes Vitamin K, Vitamin E, and folic acid2

What is thymol, and what are its major benefits? 

Thymol is one of the most significant essential oils present in thyme. It is well-known for its antifungal and antibacterial qualities2.

Can thyme help in reducing inflammation? 

Regular consumption of thyme might help to reduce inflammation in several conditions. However, this effect needs to be further evaluated for conditions like arthritis. 

What are the potential side effects of thyme? 

It is generally considered safe to use Thyme for culinary and other purposes in small doses. Still, it might show some toxic effects at higher doses, as shown in animal studies. In addition, some studies also show that thyme products might have mild allergic reactions in humans on topical applications. Therefore, an Ayurvedic physician should be consulted for the use of thyme for health effects to understand its exact benefits and possible side effects. 

How can we use Thyme?

Thyme can be used in multiple ways. Most popularly, Thyme is used as seasoning and spice in food preparations. Thyme essential oil might be used for its medicinal benefits, while thyme tea may help reduce inflammation. Thyme combinations can be used in many home remedies. You can also use the herb thyme for cough2. You must follow general precautions. It is advisable not to self-medicate, substitute, or discontinue any treatment, as it might have unknown effects. 

References

  1. Singletary K. Thyme: history, applications, and overview of potential health benefits. Nutrition Today. 2016 Jan 1;51(1):40-9. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/Fulltext/2016/01000/Thyme_History,_Applications,_and_Overview_of.10.aspx 
  2. Dauqan EM, Abdullah A. Medicinal and functional values of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herb. Journal of applied biology and biotechnology. 2017 Mar 20;5(2):0-2. Available from: https://jabonline.in/admin/php/uploads/188_pdf.pdf  
  3. Borugă O, Jianu C, Mişcă C, Goleţ I, Gruia AT, Horhat FG. Thymus vulgaris essential oil: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. J Med Life. 2014;7(Spec Iss 3):56–60. PMID:25870697. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25870697/
  4. Reddy VP, Kandisa RV, Varsha PV, Satyam S. Review on Thymus vulgaris traditional uses and pharmacological properties. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants. 2014;3(4):1000167. doi:10.4172/2167-0412.1000164. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306885675_Review_on_Thymus_vulgaris_Traditional_Uses_and_Pharmacological_Properties
  5. Hosseinzadeh S, Jafarikukhdan A, Hosseini A, Armand R. The application of medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine: a review of Thymus vulgaris. Int J Clin Med. 2015;6(9):635–642. doi:10.4236/ijcm.2015.69084. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281791419_The_Application_of_Medicinal_Plants_in_Traditional_and_Modern_Medicine_A_Review_of_Thymus_vulgaris
  6. Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges (AANMC). Naturopathic Kitchen: The health benefits of thyme. Published August 1, 2021. Available from: https://aanmc.org/naturopathic-kitchen/the-health-benefits-of-thyme/
  7. Salmalian H, Saghebi R, Moghadamnia AA, Bijani A, Faramarzi M, Nasiri Amiri F, Bakouei F, Behmanesh F, Bekhradi R. Comparative effect of Thymus vulgaris and ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrhea: a triple-blind clinical study. Caspian J Intern Med. 2014 Spring;5(2):82–88. PMID:24778782; PMCID:PMC3992233. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3992233/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Mango (Aam): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects by Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Mangoes and summer seasons are a match made in heaven! The sweet and juicy taste coupled with countless health benefits justify why mango is called the “king of fruits”. Mangifera indica, mango or aam, is an important fruit in Ayurveda. It belongs to the genus Mangifera, and family Anacardiaceae which contains 30 different species. India ranks first among the major mango-producing countries. India is famous for its wide range of mango varieties, like Alphonso variety of Ratnagiri, Badami variety of Karnataka, Dasheri variety of Lucknow and Kesar variety of Gujarat to name a few. Mangoes are good for our taste buds and our health. They are also a rich source of fibre, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants like mangiferin and glucosyl xanthone. Let us read more about some mango benefits1

Nutritional Value of Mango

Mango (Aam) is packed with various nutritional components that are given as follows. They are a good source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants like mangiferin and glucosyl xanthone, and carotenes. 

In my opinion, eating mangoes might be a way of giving your body a natural defence against certain diseases. Mangoes might have superpowers against certain types of cancers. Yes, it’s true! Thanks to the magical combination of beta-carotene and other special substances, mangoes might help against leukaemia and even slow down the progression of prostate and colon cancers11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Mango

The mango shows numerous scientifically proven properties; some of these properties are mentioned below: 

Potential Uses of Mango for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of mango are described as follows: 

1. Potential Uses of Mango for Breast Cancer

breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, leading to pre-mature death of females globally. Natural products are now becoming important sources for the discovery of anti-cancer agents. Mangifera indica may have the potential for the management of breast cancers. Banerjee et al. conducted a study in 2015 to assess the effect of mangoes on breast cancer xenografts in mice. This study3 showed that polyphenols like gallic acid, galloyl glycosides and gallotannins in mangoes might have a chemotherapeutic potential against breast cancer. This indicates that mangoes may help in managing breast cancer. However, more studies are required to support these claims. 

2. Potential Uses of Mango in Ulcerative Colitis 

mango

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the colon and rectum. Mangoes may help in reducing inflammation because of the presence of polyphenols like gallotannins and gallic acid. Kim et al. conducted a study4 in 2016 to assess mango’s anti-inflammatory effects in a preclinical colitis model. The results of this study4 showed that mango consumption might help in managing ulcerative colitis. However, more human studies are required to ascertain these claims. 

From my perspective, eating mangoes can be a tasty solution to help with constipation. In a study12, it was found that munching on mangoes might actually improve the symptoms of constipation. Thus, mangoes may be a delicious way to keep things flowing smoothly in your digestive system.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

3. Potential Uses of Mango for Managing Blood Glucose 

regulates blood sugar

Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of bioactive compounds which may help in managing the blood glucose level. The study conducted by Evans et al. 2014 showed that mangoes may reduce blood glucose levels in both females and males. The mango contains tocopherols, carotenoids, dietary fibre, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, quercetin and mangiferin. These biologically active compounds may help in normalising blood glucose levels. However, to claim all these benefits further research and confirmation are needed. If you suspect high blood glucose levels, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate5

4. Potential Uses of Mango for Skin and Hair 

Mangoes, if consumed in moderate amounts, may help achieve healthy hair and nourished skin due to its high Vitamin A content. Additionally, mangoes may act as a natural sunblock by protecting our skin and hair from damage caused due to ultraviolet rays. Therefore, there is a possibility that the consumption of mango can benefit skin and hair, but we need more human studies6 to support these claims. If you have any skin and hair related problems, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate. 

5. Potential Uses of Mango for Managing Macular Degeneration 

eye

Macular degeneration is a common eye disorder which causes vision loss. Mangoes are rich in antioxidants like lutein, zeaxanthin and Vitamin A, which may help deal with macular degeneration. Mango is also rich in carotene which may help in vision. Thus, it may indicate that consuming mango may help manage macular degeneration. However, there is a lack of studies6 to support these claims. 

6. Potential Uses of Mango on Nutrient Intake 

Mango

Mangoes are a good source of nutrients in the diet. The nutrient intake of mango consumers vs. non-consumers was obtained from the NHANES database. It was observed that people who consumed mangoes had a higher intake of magnesium, potassium, folate, Vitamin A, C and E and dietary fibre compared to the non-consumers. This may indicate that the consumption of mangoes can help improve nutrient intake and diet quality. However, more studies7 need to be conducted to support these claims. 

7. Other Potential Uses of Mango

weight loss

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Mango in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Mango on human health.  

Let me tell you a secret. Mangoes are not just delicious; they’re also packed with a special ingredient called mangiferin! This fancy-sounding compound can be found in various parts of the mango fruit, like the peel, stalks, leaves, barks, kernel, and even the stone. Mangiferin might be just the secret weapon as it is high in antioxidants13.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Mango?

This super versatile fruit can be used in the following ways: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements or mangoes in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Also Read: Jackfruit (Kathal): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Side Effects of Mango

A few side effects related to the consumption of mango include: 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to mango, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Precautions to Take with Mango

Eating mango is beneficial if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the given conditions: 

Also Read: Water Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, And More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Mangoes inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are known to metabolize certain drugs like warfarin, propranolol, theophylline, etc. Inhibition of these enzymes can alter the blood concentration of drugs metabolized by this pathway. Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of raw mangoes with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking10

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the scientific name of mango (Aam)? 

The scientific name of mango is Mangifera Indica and it belongs to the family Anacardiaceae1

Can mango help in breast cancer? 

Animal cell line studies support the use of mangoes for managing breast cancers. However, more studies are needed to claim these effects. Thus, it is recommended to consult a doctor for proper treatment3

Which fruit is known as the king of fruits?  

Mango is also known as the “king of fruits”1

Can mango help improve vision? 

Yes. As mango is a rich source of Vitamin A, it may improve vision. However, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis for vision-related problems and not consider the consumption of mango as an alternative to modern medicine6

What are the side effects of mango consumption? 

Consumption of mangoes in excess can cause short-term gastrointestinal disorders like stomach pain and diarrhoea and allergies in allergy-prone individuals10

References

  1. Shah KA, Patel MB, Patel RJ, Parmar PK. Mangifera indica (mango). Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jan;4(7):42-8. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.65325. PMID: 22228940; PMCID: PMC3249901. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249901/ 
  1. Lauricella, Marianna et al. “Multifaceted Health Benefits of Mangifera indica L. (Mango): The Inestimable Value of Orchards Recently Planted in Sicilian Rural Areas.” Nutrients vol. 9,5 525. 20 May. 2017, doi:10.3390/nu9050525. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452255/ 
  1. Banerjee Nivedita, Kim Hyemee, Krenek Kimberly, Talcott Stephen T., Mertens-Talcott Susanne U., Mango polyphenolics suppressed tumor growth in breast cancer xenografts in mice: Role of the PI3K/AKT pathway and associated microRNAs, Nutrition Research (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.00. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0271531715001360 
  1. Kim, Hyemee et al. “Comparison of anti-inflammatory mechanisms of mango (Mangifera Indica L.) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) in a preclinical model of colitis.” Molecular nutrition & food research vol. 60,9 (2016): 1912-23. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201501008. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5026564/ 
  1. Evans, Shirley F et al. “Mango supplementation improves blood glucose in obese individuals.” Nutrition and metabolic insights vol. 7 77-84. 28 Aug. 2014, doi:10.4137/NMI.S17028. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155986/  
  1. Garg, D.P. (2022) 9 health benefits of mangoes – weight loss, immunity, good for skin & more – pharmeasy, PharmEasy Blog. Available at: https://pharmeasy.in/blog/health-benefits-of-mangoes/ (Accessed: November 25, 2022). 
  1. Papanikolaou, Yanni, and Victor L Fulgoni 3rd. “Mango Consumption Is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Weight-Related Health Outcomes.” Nutrients vol. 14,1 59. 24 Dec. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu14010059. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746860/ 
  1. O’Hara, Crystal et al. “Acute Freeze-Dried Mango Consumption With a High-Fat Meal has Minimal Effects on Postprandial Metabolism, Inflammation and Antioxidant Enzymes.” Nutrition and metabolic insights vol. 12 1178638819869946. 19 Aug. 2019, doi:10.1177/1178638819869946. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6700848/ 
  1.  Singh, S. (2022) Mango benefits: 25 healthy reasons to eat mangoes – fitelo, Mango Benefits 25 Healthy Reasons To Eat Mangoes Comments. Available at: https://fitelo.co/mango-benefits/ (Accessed: November 25, 2022).   
  1. Rodríguez-Fragoso, L., Martínez-Arismendi, J.L., Orozco-Bustos, D., Reyes-Esparza, J., Torres, E. and Burchiel, S.W. (2011), Potential Risks Resulting from Fruit/Vegetable–Drug Interactions: Effects on Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Drug Transporters. Journal of Food Science, 76: R112-R124. Available at: https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02155.x 
  2. Lebaka VR, Wee YJ, Ye W, Korivi M. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Three Different Parts of Mango Fruit. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 16;18(2):741. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020741. PMID: 33467139; PMCID: PMC7830918. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7830918/
  3. Venancio VP, Kim H, Sirven MA, Tekwe CD, Honvoh G, Talcott ST, Mertens-Talcott SU. Polyphenol-rich Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Ameliorate Functional Constipation Symptoms in Humans beyond Equivalent Amount of Fiber. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jun;62(12):e1701034. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201701034. Epub 2018 May 29. PMID: 29733520. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29733520/
  4. Imran M, Arshad MS, Butt MS, Kwon JH, Arshad MU, Sultan MT. Mangiferin: a natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders. Lipids Health Dis. 2017 May 2;16(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0449-y. PMID: 28464819; PMCID: PMC5414237. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5414237/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Oolong Tea: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Tea consumption has a long and interesting history that dates back to 2007 BC. According to Chinese mythology, a ruler Shen Nong discovered the stimulating properties of tea by accident 4000 years ago. During a summer visit to a distant region of his country, he halted for rest. The servants began boiling water for the ruler to drink by his decision that the drinking water needed to be boiled as a hygienic precaution. The water turned a dark brown as some leaves from an adjacent tree fell into it. The beverage fascinated the ruler. Chinese history claims that this ancient ruler was the first person to drink tea. Oolong tea is a semi-fermented type of tea. It is a beverage prepared from the leaves of Camellia sinensis and originated in ancient China. It is one of the best health-protective non-alcoholic beverages. No wonder it is also termed as a ‘nutraceutical drink’1. Let’s read and find out more about this brewed oolong tea. 

Nutritional Value of Oolong Tea

100g of oolong tea possesses the following nutrients3

Along with these, oolong tea contains vitamin B3 (Niacin) 0.06mg3

Properties of Oolong Tea

Some of the oolong tea properties are as follows2

Potential Uses of Oolong Tea for Overall Health

Drinking oolong tea every day may have health benefits which are as follows:  

1. Potential Uses of Oolong Tea for Breast Cancer

breast cancer

In 2018, Haihong Shi et al. researched4 the effects of oolong tea against breast cancer. The results showed that catechins present in oolong tea might induce DNA damage which may be helpful against breast cancer cell growth. As a result, it might be helpful in the management of breast cancer. However, kindly consult the neurologist for diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, avoid using oolong tea as self-medication, as there could be severe side effects. 

2. Potential Uses of Oolong Tea for Postprandial Hyperlipidaemia

oolong tea

Postprandial hyperlipidemia is a condition caused by consuming fat-rich meals during the day. It is characterized by high serum triglyceride levels. Suzuki et al., 2018 discovered that oolong tea-polymerized polyphenols (OTPP) might inhibit the pancreatic enzyme lipase5. Pancreatic lipase breaks the fats in our food, which get absorbed in the intestine. OTPP in oolong tea may inhibit the absorption of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract and increase lipid elimination. However, more research is needed to check the effects of oolong tea in this condition. Kindly consult the doctor for diagnosis and treatment.  

3. Potential Uses of Oolong Tea for Obesity

obesity

Obesity is a condition characterized by an imbalance in energy intake and expenditure. This can result in various diseases, including hypertension, type II diabetes, coronary artery disease and cancer. According to Wu et al., 20186, tea polysaccharides mixed with polyphenols (TPSM) in oolong tea might effectively manage obesity. Oolong tea consumption might reduce the rate of food intake. It may also inhibit the body from absorbing fatty acids, reducing obesity. It also proved that contents present in oolong tea, along with TPSM, might be effective in weight management. However, more research is required to find out the use of oolong tea for obese patients. So, please consult a physician for a diagnosis and treatment if you have weight-related concerns. 

4. Potential Uses of Oolong Tea for the Liver

liver

Venkatakrishnan et al. in 2018 researched that oolong along with other teas may show hepatoprotective effects. It may reduce oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense system. It might also reduce inflammation, stop liver cell death and control lipid metabolism. In addition, it may avoid liver fat accumulation2. However, more research is required to demonstrate the effects of oolong tea on the liver. So, please consult the doctor for all liver-related diagnoses and treatment. 

5. Potential Uses of Oolong Tea for Blood Pressure

blood pressure

In a study7 by Xin et al. in 2022, rats on a high-salt diet had their blood pressure tested before and after drinking tea. The results showed that the consumption of oolong tea lowered blood pressure. Along with lowering blood pressure, it may also be helpful in the management of hypertrophy and necrosis of cardiomyocytes which are the conditions that may contribute to heart failure. Nonetheless, please consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment if you suspect blood pressure or heart-related symptoms. Avoid self-medication as it could lead to the worsening of the condition. 

6. Potential Uses of Oolong Tea for Kidneys

kidney health

In a study7 by Xin et al. done in 2022, kidney tissue damage was studied in rats on a high-salt diet before and after drinking tea. It showed that oolong tea consumption might help recover from kidney damage. It may also lower the necrosis (death) of renal tubular epithelial cells, the main cause of kidney injury. However, the effects of oolong tea on the kidneys require further research. Therefore, please consult a doctor for all kidney-related concerns and do not self-medicate. 

7. Other Uses of Oolong Tea

Diabetes

Though there are studies that show the benefits of oolong tea in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of oolong tea on human health.  

Based on some studies I came across, oolong tea is a good source of l-theanine that helps in reducing anxiety and improving attention and alertness. Additionally, l-theanine might also be useful in managing cognitive disabilities like Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease in elderly patients8.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Oolong Tea?

We can consume oolong tea to get the discussed benefits. Dried tea leaves are brewed in boiling water and strained into a cup.  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Oolong Tea

Consult the ayurvedic doctor who prescribed it to you. They will be able to identify the issue and help solve it.   

Based on my observations, oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves extract can be used for its multiple medicinal properties. Some studies show that oolong tea might have beneficial effects on many oral diseases, namely gum diseases and dental caries to name a few9.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Dandelion Root Tea: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Oolong Tea

Also Read: Black Tea: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Interactions with Other Drugs

Also Read: Lettuce (Salad Patta): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

State the properties of oolong tea. 

Oolong tea may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuro-protective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-obesity properties2. Although, more research on the properties of oolong tea is required. Kindly consult a doctor before beginning your intake of oolong tea. 

What are the side effects if we consume excessive oolong tea and caffeine? 

Consuming too much oolong tea and caffeine may cause insomnia, elevated blood pressure, anxiety, tremor and short-term nervous system stimulation2. However, please consult a doctor for better health results. 

Is oolong tea good for weight loss?  

Oolong tea may be beneficial in weight loss. It may also act as an anti-obesity agent. However, more research is required to determine the oolong tea effects on weight loss. 

Is oolong tea good for hair? 

No. However, more research is needed to know the oolong tea benefits for hair. Kindly consult a doctor. 

Does oolong tea have any effects on vision? 

No. Although, more research is required to determine the impact of oolong tea on vision. 

References

  1. Tang GY, Meng X, Gan RY, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Feng YB, Li S, Wei XL, Atanasov AG, Corke H, Li HB. Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of tea components: An update review. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019 Dec 8;20(24):6196. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941079/pdf/ijms-20-06196.pdf 
  2. FoodData Central. Beverages, tea, Oolong, brewed [Internet]. Department of Agriculture. [Cited 2022, Nov 15] Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/174120/nutrients 
  3. Shi H, Liu J, Tu Y, Freter CE, Huang C. Oolong tea extract induces DNA damage and cleavage and inhibits breast cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. Anticancer Research. 2018 Nov 1;38(11):6217-23. Available from: https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/anticanres/38/11/6217.full.pdf 
  4. Suzuki R, Fujita S, Kawasaki T, Honda1l Y, Shirataki Y. Effects of Oolong Tea on Postprandial Triglyceride Levels. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188212146.pdf 
  5. Wu T, Xu J, Chen Y, Liu R, Zhang M. Oolong tea polysaccharide and polyphenols prevent obesity development in Sprague–Dawley rats. Food & nutrition research. 2018;62. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6303733/pdf/FNR-62-1599.pdf 
  6. Ye X, Tang X, Li F, Zhu J, Wu M, Wei X, Wang Y. Green and Oolong Tea Extracts With Different Phytochemical Compositions Prevent Hypertension and Modulate the Intestinal Flora in a High-Salt Diet Fed Wistar Rats. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9121855/pdf/fnut-09-892801.pdf 
  7. Walkowska A, Kuczeriszka M, Sadowski J, Olszyñski KH, Dobrowolski L, Červenka L, Hammock BD, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. High salt intake increases blood pressure in normal rats: putative role of 20-HETE and no evidence on changes in renal vascular reactivity. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2015;40(3):323-34. doi: 10.1159/000368508. Epub 2015 May 31. PMID: 26067851; PMCID: PMC4583220. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4583220/
  8. Nobre AC, Rao A, Owen GN. L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:167-8. PMID: 18296328. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18296328/
  9. Wu CD, Wei G. Tea as a functional food for oral health. In: Food Constituents and Oral Health. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing; 2009. p. 396–417. doi:10.1533/9781845696290.2.396 [cited 2026 Jan 6]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9781845694180500197

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability, or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation of the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Pistachios: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

“An individual can consider himself happy when his food is also his medicine.” Pistachios are tiny little nutritional goldmines; the healthiest and best delight one can have instantly. They are the edible seeds of the Pistacia vera tree, which belongs to the family Anacardiaceae or the cashew family. Pistachios originated in the Middle East and Central Asia. In India, the production of pistachios is highest in Jammu and Kashmir, followed by Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Punjab. This is because pistachio trees thrive in regions with long summers and winter seasons. Depending on the size and shape of these nuts, different varieties are available in the market, like Iranian round pistachio, Iranian jumbo pistachio, Iranian long pistachio, etc.  

Pistachios are ranked among the top 10 expensive nuts globally and are of economic importance. These green-hued, sweet nuts are one of the oldest nuts, which have also been mentioned in the Old Testament of the Bible as a prized food source with a rich history. Let us discover some evidence-based benefits of pistachios and some considerations to add this superfood to your dietary routine1,2

Nutritional Value of Pistachios

Pistachios are highly nutritious due to the presence of vitamins, minerals, proteins, phenolic compounds and carotenoids like zeaxanthin and lutein. The nutritional components that are found in pistachios are as follows.  

Nutritional value of pistachios3 

Properties of Pistachios

Pistachios show numerous scientifically proven properties; some of which are mentioned below: 

Eating a handful of pistachios as a snack can offer various health benefits. It is not only tasty, but also packed with nutrients to keep you active through the day1.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Pistachios for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of pistachios are described as follows: 

1. Potential Uses of Pistachios in Type II Diabetes

diabetes

Nuts may help in managing hyperglycaemia due to the presence of mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Parham et.al conducted a study4 in 2014 to assess the effect of pistachio nuts supplementation on Type II diabetes. 12-weeks of pistachio consumption by the subjects showed a beneficial effect on glycemic control in diabetes. This indicates that pistachios may have a positive impact on diabetes. However, more studies are needed to support these claims. 

2. Potential Uses of Pistachios in Lipid Profile

cholesterol

Literature Studies have reported that the consumption of nuts can have a favourable effect on lipid profile. Michael et al. conducted a study5 in 2007 to assess the effect of pistachio nut consumption on serum lipid levels. This study showed that the consumption of pistachio nuts helped reduce total cholesterol and increase high-density lipoprotein or good cholesterol. This indicates that the consumption of pistachio nuts may have a beneficial impact on lipid profile. However, we need more studies to support these claims. 

3. Potential Uses of Pistachios in Obesity-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

Obesity

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, including several forms of dementia, is increasing. Among the causes of these diseases, obesity is a well-known risk factor. Literature reviews support the use of pistachios for the management of obesity-related dysfunctions like neurodegenerative diseases. Domenico et al. conducted a study6 in 2020 to assess the effect of pistachio nuts on the brain in obese mice. This study showed that regular intake of pistachio nuts might help manage obesity-related neurodegenerative diseases. This indicates that the consumption of pistachio nuts may have a favourable impact on neurodegenerative diseases. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans. 

4. Potential Uses of Pistachios for Blood Pressure

blood pressure

Consumption of nuts may help reduce blood pressure. Omid et al. conducted a meta-analysis7 in 2021 to assess the effect of pistachio nut on blood pressure. Results showed that pistachio nuts consumption might help reduce systolic blood pressure. This indicates that the consumption of pistachio nuts can positively impact blood pressure, but we need more studies to support these claims. 

5. Potential Uses of Pistachios in Colon Cancer

stomach

Pistachios are packed with vitamins, minerals, tocopherols, polyphenols and dietary fibre, which may help reduce the risk of colon cancer. Michael et al. conducted a study8 in 2017 to assess the anti-cancer potential of pistachio nuts. This study showed that pistachio nuts had a favourable effect on colon cancer. This indicates that the consumption of pistachio nuts may help reduce the risk of colon cancer. However, scientific evidence for this finding is limited and we need more studies to support these claims. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Pistachios

pistachio

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Pistachios in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Pistachios on human health. 

As per a study11, eating 3-4 pistachios everyday showed significant improvement in blood flow through the penis. This goes to show that eating pistachios may help with erectile dysfunction.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Pistachios?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Pistachios

A few side effects related to the consumption of pistachios include: 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to pistachios, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Also Read: Amazing Health Benefits of the Avocado

Precautions to Take with Pistachios

Eating pistachios is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the mentioned conditions10

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is no significant interaction of pistachios with other drugs. However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of pistachios with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the scientific name of pistachios? 

The scientific name of pistachios is Pistacia vera, which belongs to the family Anacardiaceae or the cashew family1

Can pistachios help with weight loss? 

Being a good source of fiber and protein, they may help in weight loss. However, more studies need to be done on humans to support these claims. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for issues related to weight1.

Can pistachios help in managing diabetes?  

Yes, pistachios may help manage diabetes as they have the potential to improve glycemic control. However, more studies need to be done in humans to support these claims. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for better outcomes3

Can pistachios help improve vision? 

Pistachios are rich in antioxidants like lutein and zeaxanthin, which may help improve vision. However, studies supporting these claims are limited and thus, it is advised to consult a doctor for a better assessment1.  

What are the side effects of pistachios? 

Consumption of pistachios in excess can increase the risk of gout, impair the digestive process and kidney function. In allergy-prone individuals, pistachios can cause nut allergy8

References

  1. Hernández-Alonso P, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Pistachios for Health: What Do We Know About This Multifaceted Nut? Nutr Today. 2016 May;51(3):133-138. doi: 10.1097/NT.0000000000000160. Epub 2016 May 19. PMID: 27340302; PMCID: PMC4890834. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4890834/
  2. Organic pistachio farming – production in India, Agri Farming. Available at: https://www.agrifarming.in/organic-pistachio-farming-production-in-india. (Accessed: December 3, 2022).  
  3. Mandalari, Giuseppina et al. “Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L.): Production, Nutrients, Bioactives and Novel Health Effects.” Plants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 11,1 18. 22 Dec. 2021, doi:10.3390/plants11010018. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009022/
  4. Parham, Mahmoud et al. “Effects of pistachio nut supplementation on blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial.” The review of diabetic studies: RDS vol. 11,2 (2014): 190-6. doi:10.1900/RDS.2014.11.190. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25396407/ 
  5.  Sheridan, Michael J et al. “Pistachio nut consumption and serum lipid levels.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition vol. 26,2 (2007): 141-8. doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719595. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17536125/ 
  6. Nuzzo, Domenico et al. “Regular Intake of Pistachio Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of a High Fat-Diet in the Brain of Obese Mice.” Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 9,4 317. 15 Apr. 2020, doi:10.3390/antiox9040317. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7222408/ 
  7. Asbaghi, Omid et al. “Effects of pistachios on anthropometric indices, inflammatory markers, endothelial function and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.” The British journal of nutrition vol. 126,5 (2021): 718-729. doi:10.1017/S0007114520004523. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33198823/ 
  8. Glei, Michael et al. “Chemopreventive Potential of Raw and Roasted Pistachios Regarding Colon Carcinogenesis.” Nutrientsvol. 9,12 1368. 18 Dec. 2017, doi:10.3390/nu9121368. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29258268. 
  9. Asadi, Sonia et al. “Effects of different roasting methods on formation of acrylamide in pistachio.” Food science & nutrition vol. 8,6 2875-2881. 12 May. 2020, doi:10.1002/fsn3.1588. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300066/ 
  10. Munuhe, N. (2022) Pistachios facts, calories, health benefits and side effects, BetterMe Blog.(Accessed: November 30, 2022). Available at: https://betterme.world/articles/pistachios-calories-benefits-side-effects/   
  11. Pistachios [Internet]. NutritionFacts.org; [cited 2026 Feb 16]. Available from: https://nutritionfacts.org/topics/pistachios/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Shea Butter: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Since ancient times, many plant species and their products have been used by humans as food or medicines to treat illnesses. Shea butter is one such fat extracted from the shea fruit’s kernel. It is obtained from the nuts of the Vitellaria paradoxa (formerly Butyrospermum paradoxa) and Vitellaria parkii trees belonging to the family sapotaceae. Butyrospermum, which means ‘butter seed’, explains that we can extract butter from seed after processing. The shea tree grows in Nigeria, Ghana and regions of West and East Africa. It is imported to India for its several benefits. Butter is solid at normal temperature but melts quickly at body temperature. It is utilised in cosmetics as well as in the food industry1,3. We can apply it as a cream or bath product like shampoo. Let’s keep reading to learn about shea butter and its potential uses. 

Nutritional Value of Shea Butter

Shea butter contains the following nutrients and their average content per 100g dry weight1

Vitamins present in the shea butter are as follows: 

Along with these, shea butter contains triglycerides, plant sterols, saponin and triterpenes1

Properties of Shea Butter

The following are the properties of shea butter: 

Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Overall Health

1. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Healing

wound healing

Shea butter is a rich source of fatty acids and plant sterols such as linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids, which may have healing properties. Due to its anti-inflammatory property, it may be applied as an ointment. Shea butter has a lower soap formation rate than other nut oils. It also includes vitamin A, which may treat skin sensitivities such as poison ivy and bug bites. It also contains Vitamin F, which might help rejuvenate rough or damaged skin. Furthermore, it may have a soothing effect. Raw and unrefined shea butter may benefit skin rashes, stretch marks, burns, bug bites, athlete’s foot, scars, frost bites, skin peeling after tannin and arthritis1. Fatty acids present in the shea butter may help in these conditions. However, shea butter alone may not be able to help you with this condition. So, please consult a physician for a diagnosis and treatment. 

2. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Hair

Hair growth

Shea butter may protect hair against harmful free radicals in the air, water and harsh weather conditions. Shea butter has a non-greasy texture, which allows it to spread easily on the scalp. Shea butter protects hair from heat after application. This protective function may be helpful for processed or coloured hair. When applied to the hair before swimming, Shea butter may protect it from salt and chlorine. Furthermore, it may be beneficial in softening and restoring damaged or dry hair and curly hair treatments1. However, shea butter may result in serious problems. So, please visit a doctor for better health results. 

3. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Allergies

dry cough

Shea butter contains triterpenes such as e-butyrospermol, lupeol, parkeol, etc. As a result, it may lower hypersensitivity reactions such as IgE-mediated allergy reactions, which are the antibodies that cause the allergic reaction. It may also be beneficial in patients with autoimmune responses in mammals1. Although, shea butter alone may not be able to help you with allergies. So, kindly consult a physician. 

4. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Skin

skin

Shea butter may act as a sunscreen and moisturizing agent. Sunscreens work by absorbing or reflecting some of the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) light and blocking it from reaching the skin. According to a study5 done by Nahm in 2011 the cinnamate esters found in shea butter can absorb UV rays from the sun. Therefore, it may provide some sun protection. In addition, shea butter may add more moisture and nutrition to the skin in the winter and summer as it absorbs into the skin rapidly and has high water-binding characteristics, which may be helpful for skin care. Also, shea butter might protect the skin from sunburn, photo-ageing and erythema and reduce the risk of skin cancer. Nonetheless, please consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. Avoid trying self-medication because conditions could worsen. 

Vitamin E is naturally abundant in shea butter making it one of the best skin moisturizing agent. Vitamin E is known for its antioxidant activity, that may protect against cellular deterioration and increase moisture in the skin7.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

5. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Protein Metabolism

digestion

Protein metabolism may assist tissue repair and growth, allow metabolic reactions to occur and coordinate vital functions. Malachi, 2013 found that saponin in shea butter can form complexes with protein in the intestine. It may reduce protein concentrations in hepatic and renal organs, as well as in the blood. As a result, it may minimise protein metabolism in the body1. However, please visit a doctor. Self-medication with shea butter may result in serious complications. 

6. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Anti-Ageing

anti ageing

Triterpenes in shea butter might help improve collagen and elastin function, which protects the skin and provide strength. This might help in slowing the ageing process. In the study by Tran done in 1986, it was shown that shea butter has anti-erythemic activity against UV, which is the skin redness caused by an allergic reaction1. This property may soften the skin and increase cell regeneration. There is a need for more research to explore the potentiality of shea butter as an anti-ageing agent. Kindly consult the doctor for better health results. 

Anti-inflammatory compounds included in shea butter may reduce skin oedema and redness. I recommend people apply it to soothe any discomfort, including sunburns, chapped lips, and skin which is overexposed to acidic peels or washes7.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

7. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Cholesterol

cholesterol

In a study6 by Akinwale et al., 2012 saponins and linoleic acid present in shea butter may lower LDL, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in rats. In the same study, saponins in shea butter were found to form complexes with cholesterol and bile acids in the colon. As a result, rather than absorption, it produces cholesterol excretion. Furthermore, Masters et al. (2004) discovered that high levels of stearic acids in shea butter had antihypercholesterolemic properties, which may lower LDL and total cholesterol levels in the blood2. However, further research on this subject might be able to prove the effects of shea butter on cholesterol management. If you have high cholesterol levels, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate. 

8. Potential Uses of Shea Butter for Cardiovascular Health

heart

In a study4 by Amegah et al., 2019 consumption of shea butter may improve cardiovascular health and reduce hypertension. Oleic acid, linoleic acid and polyphenols in shea butter may help improve cardiovascular health. However, more studies are needed to prove the role of shea butter in cardiovascular health. As cardiovascular disease is a severe condition, please consult the doctor for the same. 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of shea butter in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of shea butter on human health.  

How to Use Shea Butter?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Shea Butter

Shea butter has no known side effects. Although, if an unpleasant reaction happens, get immediate medical help. First, consult the physician who prescribed it to you; they will be able to diagnose and cure the problem. 

Precautions to Take with Shea Butter

It is important to take general safety precautions when taking any medication. It should be used cautiously, especially by pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers, and only when prescribed by your doctor. In addition, you should take caution while giving it to children and the elderly. 

Interactions with Other Drugs

There were no adverse drug interactions reported between shea butter with other drugs. However, there is not enough information to say it doesn’t interact with other medicines and is entirely safe to use; further research is in need on this topic. As a result, you must follow your doctor’s advice carefully, as their prescription depends on your health situation. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Does shea butter have a positive effect on migraine? 

No, however more research is required to determine the effect of shea butter on migraine. 

Does shea butter help in reducing the occurrence of skin cancer? 

Shea butter may be helpful in halting the process of photo-carcinogenesis which is related to tumour growth. UVB rays from the sun can cause it. These radiations have the potential to destroy cell DNA. So, shea butter might have a direct protective effect on DNA and may help in the management of skin cance1. Even so, cancer is a severe condition; please consult the doctor for diagnosis and treatment. 

How does shea butter moisturise skin and hair? 

Shea butter includes vitamins A and E, which may be helpful as a hair moisturiser. Shea butter also has semi-solid properties and buttery consistency, which might make it a good moisturiser for the scalp and skin1. Kindly consult the doctor for better health results. 

Is shea butter effective in diabetes? 

No. Although please consult the doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment, as diabetes is a severe condition. 

 

References

  1. MAANIKUU PM, PEKER K. Medicinal and nutritional benefits from the Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare. 2017;7(22):51-7. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234662463.pdf 
  2. Akinwale A, Modu S, Maisartu MA, Zainab MA, Bilkisu UM. Effect of feeding various concentrations of shea oil on some biochemical parameters in normal albino rat. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology & Life Sciences. 2012 Jan;1(2):14-7. Available from: https://bepls.com/april_2013/16.pdf 
  3. Honfo FG, Akissoe N, Linnemann AR, Soumanou M, Van Boekel MA. Nutritional composition of shea products and chemical properties of shea butter: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2014 Jan 1;54(5):673-86. Available from: (PDF) Nutritional Composition of Shea Products and Chemical Properties of Shea Butter: A Review (researchgate.net) 
  4. Amegah AK, Brahuah E, Stranges S. Cooking with shea butter is associated with lower blood pressure in the Ghanaian population. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2019 Apr 10. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332331411_Cooking_with_shea_butter_is_associated_with_lower_blood_pressure_in_the_Ghanaian_population 
  5. Hee SN. Quality characteristics of West African shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) and approaches to extend shelf-life [MSc thesis]. New Brunswick (NJ): Graduate School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; 2011. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268416576_Quality_characteristics_of_West_African_Shea_Butter_Vitellaria_paradoxa_and_approaches_to_extend_shelf-life
  6. Akinwale A, Modu S, Maisartu MA, Zainab MA, Bilkisu U MA. Effect of feeding various concentrations of shea oil on some biochemical parameters in normal albino rat. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology & Life Sciences. 2012;1(2):14–17. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365769510_Effect_of_Feeding_Various_Concentrations_of_Shea_oil_on_Some_Biochemical_Parameters_in_Normal_Albino_Rat
  7. Cleveland Clinic. 6 incredible benefits of shea butter. Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials. 2022 Oct 19 [cited 2026 Jan 7]. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/shea-butter-benefits

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Breast Cancer: Foods to Have and Avoid During and After Treatment

Introduction

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. It may also occur in men, although very rare. Breast cancers can start from any of the different parts of the breast1. The breast is an organ composed mainly of glands, ducts and fatty tissue. In women, the breast makes milk for feeding newborns and infants.

Types of Breast Cancer

The most common types of breast cancer are2:-

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

The cancer cells begin in the ducts and then grow outside the ducts into other parts of the breast tissue. Invasive cancer cells can also spread or metastasise, to other parts of the body.

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

The cancer cells begin in the lobules and then spread from the lobules to the breast tissues that are close by. These invasive cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body.

There are other types of breast cancers as well, which a doctor usually diagnoses with the help of lab tests and biopsies.

Breast cancer must not be left untreated once diagnosed. The treatment for breast cancer comprises surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Proper diet and food supplements help in combating and overcoming, partially or otherwise, the side effects of the treatment cycle, especially chemotherapy and radiation.

Best Foods for Breast Cancer Warriors

Good nutrition is the key for cancer patients throughout the various phases of treatment and after. The treatment may affect the way your body metabolises certain foods and uses nutrients and this varies for each individual.

During the treatment process, your diet must help build up your strength. You must eat high protein, high-calorie foods which will promote the following-

Food Recommendations During and After Treatment of Breast Cancer

1. Protein

If you had surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, you need a lot of protein to feel fit and fight off infections. The body loses substantial immunity in the process of breast cancer (and other cancer) treatment. Fish, poultry, lean meat, eggs, low-fat dairy products, nuts and nut butter, dried beans, peas, lentils and soya foods are all good sources of protein.

In my opinion, depending on whether you are vegeterian or follow other diets, increase your consumption of poultry, fish, and legumes like beans and lentils for a healthy source of protein. Scientists suggest daily protein consumption may help cope with breast cancer3. One to two servings of soy food per day, such as tofu, edamame, and soy milk, may also be included assuming soy is used in moderation.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

2. Grapes

grapes

Grapes are a rich source of the antioxidant resveratrol, which has the potential to possibly stop cancer from starting in the breast4. You must eat grapes with their skin intact as it has the most resveratrol.

3. Figs

figs

These have always been popular for their medicinal properties. They contain high levels of the flavonoid quercetin beneficial for lung and colon cancers5. Figs can reduce inflammation which is the major cause of cancer. 

4. Broccoli and Cauliflower

Cruciferous vegetables must be included in your regular diet. Broccoli has a high amount of a phytochemical called sulforaphane, which is a cancer-fighting plant compound6. These vegetables are effective sources of nutrition and also boost immunity.

5. Garlic and Onion

The antimicrobial and antitumor properties of garlic and onion have been known for over 1000 years. They must be part of your daily diet.

6. Tea

Tea (both green and black) has active antioxidants that keep the harmful effects of free radicals in check, which cause cellular damage7. Fresh tulsi tea can be a good choice.

7. Turmeric

turmeric

It is already an integral part of Indian foods. Curcumin I, II and III inhibit carcinogenesis and have proven anti-inflammatory properties. It is also an antitumour agent8

8. Rosemary

rosemary

This herb is rich in carnosol, a phytochemical that can slow the growth of cancer cells, strengthen the immune system and limit the production of cancer-related hormones. It acts as an antioxidant and can be included in your diet during and after breast cancer treatment9.

9. Fenugreek

fenugreek seeds

This ingredient in every Indian kitchen helps inhibit tumour cell growth. It is useful for patients with breast cancer and it has anticancer potential10. You may include it in your diet during and post-treatment.

10. Saffron

This exotic flower product has excellent inhibitory properties against cancer cells11.

11. Soya Products

soy proteins

Nutritional properties of soya milk and other soya products make them preferred inclusions in your breast cancer diet.

If you ask me, roughly 25 to 30 grams of fibre should be taken daily. To my knowledge, whole grains are rich in vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, fibre, and complex carbs. According to a study12, eating a lot of fibre may keep you away from breast cancer and other hormone-dependent tumours. Make sure that at least 50% of the grains in your diet are whole grains, such as brown rice for dinner or whole-grain bread for lunch.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Jaundice: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes and Types

Foods to Avoid when Affected by Breast Cancer

Apart from the usual culprits like sugary foods, fatty foods and processed and preserved food, if you suffer from breast cancer, make sure you avoid the following:

Also Read: How Exercise Can Help You Deal with Breast Cancer

Conclusion

The most important part of breast cancer treatment is a regular follow-up, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and following a good diet. Apart from keeping to a diet rich in proteins, minerals, vitamins and nutrients, you must always be well hydrated. Drink plenty of water, exercise and keep your weight in check, as fat and obesity are inimical for breast cancer. Form a habit of taking small meals rather than heavy ones, spaced throughout the day. Do enough activities caring to avoid stress on the arm where the axillary nodes have been surgically removed. 

Also Read: Best Summer Foods to Keep Your Body Cool

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What should a breast cancer patient eat?

Your diet should be such that you eat enough nutrients to keep your body strong. A balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, nuts, seeds, meats/eggs and dairy products is ideal. Talk to your doctor about any additional supplements that you may need.

What are the juices best for breast cancer patients?

Cruciferous vegetable-based juices, i.e. juices that contain vegetables like cabbage, spinach or any other belonging to the family of cruciferous vegetables containing loads of vitamin A.
You may go for any of these juice combinations:
– Orange, carrot, turmeric.
– Green apple, beetroot.
– Beetroot, carrot orange, cucumber.
Make sure to consume freshly prepared juices and not packaged ones. Whole fruits are always better than juices because they include all the fibre content. 

Are eggs permitted for breast cancer patients?

Eggs are rich in powerful antioxidants, lutein and zeaxanthin. It inhibits cancer cell growth in breast cancers. It is good to have an egg a day unless you suffer from any other health conditions and must avoid it.

What food should I take to fight breast cancer naturally?

Berries, broccoli, tomatoes, walnuts, grapes and other coloured and leafy vegetables, fruits and nuts from the list. All plant foods that contain phytochemicals typically comprise foods for fighting your battle against breast cancer naturally.

References

  1. American Cancer Society. What is breast cancer in men? | Male breast cancer. American Cancer Society. n.d. [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html 
  2. National Breast Cancer Foundation. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). National Breast Cancer Foundation. 2020 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/types-of-breast-cancer/ 
  3. Holmes MD, Wang J, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY. Protein intake and breast cancer survival in the Nurses’ health study. Journal of Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2017 Jan 20;35(3):325–33 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5456374/ 
  4. Zhou K, Raffoul JJ. Potential anticancer properties of grape antioxidants. Journal of Oncology [Internet]. 2012 Jan 1;2012:1–8 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3420094/ 
  5. Jeong J, An JY, Kwon YT, Rhee JG, Lee YJ. Effects of low dose quercetin: Cancer cell‐specific inhibition of cell cycle progression. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry [Internet]. 2008 Nov 13;106(1):73–82 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2736626/ 
  6. Nandini D, Rao R, Deepak B, Reddy P. Sulforaphane in broccoli: The green chemoprevention!! Role in cancer prevention and therapy. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1;24(2):405 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7802872/ 
  7. Peluso I, Serafini M. Antioxidants from black and green tea: from dietary modulation of oxidative stress to pharmacological mechanisms. British Journal of Pharmacology [Internet]. 2016 Oct 17;174(11):1195–208 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429329/ 
  8. Islam MdR, Rauf A, Akash S, Trisha SI, Nasim AH, Akter M, et al. Targeted therapies of curcumin focus on its therapeutic benefits in cancers and human health: Molecular signaling pathway-based approaches and future perspectives. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy [Internet]. 2023 Dec 22;170:116034 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223018322/ 
  9. Allegra A, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Anticancer activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Jun 10;12(6):1739 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7352773/ 
  10. Shabbeer S, Sobolewski M, Anchoori RK, Kachhap S, Hidalgo M, Jimeno A, et al. Fenugreek: A naturally occurring edible spice as an anticancer agent. Cancer Biology & Therapy [Internet]. 2009 Feb 1;8(3):272–8 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3095649/ 
  11. Shakeri M, Tayer AH, Shakeri H, Jahromi AS, Moradzadeh M, Hojjat-Farsangi M. Toxicity of saffron extracts on cancer and normal cells: A review article. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1;21(7):1867–75 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7573418/ 
  12. Park Y, Brinton LA, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A. Dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: The National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 2009 Jul 23;90(3):644–51 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2728649/ 
  13. Brown J. How diet impacts breast cancer risk and outcomes. Breast Cancer Research Foundation [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-diet-nutrition/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Benefits of Surya Mudra and How to Do it By Dr. Himani Bisht

Introduction

Humans depend on nature for their survival. According to Ayurveda, the human body alone may be made up of five elements. The elements might be water (blood), air (breath), Earth (bones and muscles), fire (heat), and space (emptiness). Yoga is a physical exercise that offers a healthy way of life for all age groups, and it has been recognized as a significant part of current culture. All these elements may be balanced in the human body through yoga. Normally hands and legs are stretched during the asanas and mudras in yoga. Mudras are made with fingers. We perform specific yoga mudras by relocating the fingers depending on the factors and asanas. The fingers of our palm may represent the element of Panchabhutas (Fire, Air, Space, Earth, Water) as follows: 

Typically, our bodies have an ideal balance of these elements. But when one of them is out of proportion or any imbalance occurs, it may harm the body. Mudras in yoga may help in the removal of imbalance in the body. One of the best mudras we can follow is the Surya mudra. Surya mudra is associated with the earth and five elements. Let’s read and discuss more Surya mudra1,2

What is Surya Mudra?

Surya Mudra is also known as Prithvi Shamak Mudra and Agni Vardhak Mudra3

‘Surya’ refers to the ‘sun’, and ‘mudra’ refers to a hand gesture.  Surya mudra is a finger arrangement which is believed to represent that energy in our bodies is received from sunlight. Surya mudra comes under the ‘curative mudra’ in which we practice the mudra to remove any foreign material from the body. This class of mudra may try to bring balance to all the elements of the body2

How to Do It?

To gain health advantages from the Surya mudra, we must practise it correctly. The steps of Surya mudra or Agni Vardhak mudra are as follows: 

Do You Know?

Benefits of Surya Mudra

Several mudras may be designed to get different benefits depending on our requirements. Some of the benefits of Surya mudra are as follows: 

1. Benefits of Surya Mudra for Diabetes

Yoga mudras may improve pancreatic function. In a study, regularly performing the mudras might increase metabolic rates and may help in weight management. It might help in lowering blood sugar levels, which may reduce type-2 diabetes4. However, more studies may be necessary to determine the exact impact of Surya mudra on diabetes. Before performing the Surya mudra, you should seek medical advice because diabetes is a severe condition. Do not self-medicate and practice the Surya mudra under a proper trainer.  

2. Benefits of Surya Mudra for Thyroid

Surya mudra may enhance the functioning of the thyroid gland in the body. Therefore, it might lower the issues such as obesity caused by hypothyroidism.1 Please seek medical advice to avoid any complications. If you have a thyroid problem, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate and practice the Surya mudra under a proper trainer.  

3. Benefits of Surya Mudra for Weight Management

Surya mudra may be one of the mudra or asanas which may act against weight loss5. This mudra may reduce the number of nutrients in the body which may raise the fire element in the body and decrease the Prithvi element. Obesity may affect heart functioning, which may be lowered by Surya mudra.3 If you have obesity, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate and practice the Surya mudra under a proper trainer.  

4. Benefits of Surya Mudra for Body Temperature

When we practice Surya mudra along with Surya namaskar, it may regulate the body temperature. Surya mudra may avoid shivering, which may be caused by low and cold temperatures. In addition, in ‘hypohidrosis’ the body may not cool down by sweating, or a person may sweat less than usual. This might be lowered by doing Surya mudra3. However, don’t rely just on the Surya mudra and consult your physician. Do not self-medicate and practice the Surya mudra under a proper trainer.  

5. Benefits of Surya Mudra for Depression

A mudra is a hand movement that regulates the flow of energy to particular parts of the brain. As the Surya mudra may increase the body temperature it may lead to the release of antioxidants. It may lower stress levels and induce feelings of joy and satisfaction with life by keeping frustration away3. However, don’t rely on the Surya mudra and consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate and practice the Surya mudra under a proper trainer.  

6. Other Benefits of Surya Mudra

Yoga practice may help develop the mind and body; however, it is still not an alternative to modern medicine. You must not rely on yoga alone to treat any condition. Please consult a qualified doctor who will be able to assess your condition correctly and advise accordingly. Moreover, it is necessary to practice and learn yoga under the supervision of a trained yoga teacher to avoid any injuries.  

If you’re performing it in the summer, I would suggest it’s best to drink a lot of water to avoid dehydration. Practising Surya mudra during summer may increase the level of the fire component.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Benefits of Virabhadrasana (Warrior Pose) and How to Do It By Dr. Himani Bisht

Risks of Exercise

Surya mudra has the following risk factors: 

In case of any medical condition, kindly consult the doctor and practice Surya mudra. However, more research is required to state the risk of exercise. Proper guidance of a qualified and experienced yoga teacher/yoga expert, we can assess and analyse the risk factors and continue to practice exercise with precautions. 

Also Read: Benefits of Sirsasana (Headstand) and How to Do it By Dr. Ankit Sankhe

Conclusion

Yoga mudras are yoga techniques that restore elemental balance inside the body by regulating the flow of life energy. Surya mudra is one of the techniques that may act against thyroid function, weight loss, and relieving constipation. You may do Surya mudra anywhere in the open or at home in any position. By regulating the heat factor in the body, Surya mudra may treat all the diseases related to it. It may be associated with increasing Agni (fire) element, so it is also known as ‘Agni Vardhak Mudra’. It may decrease the Prithvi (earth) element in the body, so it is also called ‘Prithvi Shamak Mudra’. To avoid complications, you may do Surya mudra frequently by taking the required precautions, possibly under the supervision of a yoga instructor.

Also Read: Benefits of Bhramari Pranayama and How to Do it By Dr. Himani Bisht

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of Surya mudra for metabolism?  

Surya mudra may increase the metabolism and energy flow to the body, which may help in absorbing the food. It may also boost the immune system. However, don’t rely just on the Surya mudra and consult your physician. Do not self-medicate and practice the Surya mudra under a proper trainer. 

Does Surya mudra have any effect on the reduction of heart-related problems? 

Surya mudra may reduce the risk of heart attack by lowering the levels of cholesterol in the human body. However, don’t rely just on the Surya mudra and consult your physician. Do not self-medicate and practice the Surya mudra under a proper trainer. 

What effect does Surya mudra show on eyesight? 

Daily practice of Surya mudra might strengthen the eyes and may help to improve vision. 

Is the Surya mudra beneficial for the liver? 

No, however, we must require more research on Surya mudra to determine its effect on the liver. 

What are the effects of Surya mudra on digestion? 

Surya mudra may help to reduce constipation, acidity, and indigestion which ultimately improves digestion. 

References

  1. Kumar SN, Venu A, Jaya MH. Effect of yoga mudras in improving the health of users: A precautionary measure practice in daily life for resisting the deadly COVID-19 disease. InLessons from COVID-19 2022 Jan 1 (pp. 41-59). Academic Press. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323998789000017 
  1. Sunitha S, CP S. Mudra Therapy and Its Classification. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR). 2021;11(1):118-26. Available at: https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR_Vol.11_Issue.1_Jan2021/IJHSR16.pdf 
  2. Vandali V, Biradar RB. Yoga mudras: benefits. International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management. 2018 [cited 2025 Jul 15]. Available from: https://ijanm.com/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=International%20Journal%20of%20Advances%20in%20Nursing%20Management;PID=2018-6-4-13
  1. Raveendran AV, Deshpandae A, Joshi SR. Therapeutic role of yoga in type 2 diabetes. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2018 Sep 1;33(3):307-17. Available at: https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1101087 
  1. Krishnamurthy D. Promoting mental health@ at your fingertip. IP Journal of Paediatrics and Nursing Science. 2019 Apr 15;2(1):5-7. Available at: https://www.jpns.in/media/journals/IJPNS-2-1-5-7.pdf 
  2. The Yoga Institute. Yoga Mudras explained | Unlock energy & inner balance. The Yoga Institute. 2022 [cited 2025 Jul 15]. Available from: https://theyogainstitute.org/yoga-mudras-explained

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Benefits of Vayu Mudra and How to Do it By Dr. Ankit Sankhe

Introduction

The primordial tradition of yoga has recently been transformed into a million-dollar business. Yoga has flourished, from yoga retreats in Rishikesh to high-end gyms in New York. Yoga has spread across western countries. For example, on June 20, 2012, thousands of people gathered in New York’s Time Square to practice yoga while celebrating the longest day of the year (summer solstice). In contemporary times, yoga commerce extends to luxury yoga retreats, cleansing juices, specialised yoga mats, designer clothes and much more1!  

Classical yoga was designed to discover oneself, and the wisdom was transferred from the learned teachers to the spiritual students. Indian history is known for its diverse cultural and spiritual accomplishments1. Asana (posture), kriya (technique) and mudra (gesture) are the primary component of hatha yoga and pranayama in yoga2

Mudra is a gesture or position of the hands. It locks the energy and guides its flow2. There are various types of mudras practised in yoga. Let us find out more about one such mudra, vayu mudra! 

Did you know?

What is Vayu Mudra?

In Sanskrit, the word mudra means sign or seal. In mudra, ‘mud’ means joy, and ‘ra’ means to produce. Hence, mudra means gestures that produce happiness and joy. Each area of the hand corresponds to a particular part of the mind or body since several nerves of our body terminate at the fingers. Hence, by exerting pressure by stretching, crossing, curling or touching the fingers, one can activate different energy pathways and modulate various areas of the brain3

In Sanskrit, vayu means air or wind. Vayu mudra may help to regulate the air element (vata dosha) by removing excess and harmful wind from our body which may accumulate due to waste substances. Therefore, vayu mudra may benefit those with aggravated vata (air element) in their body3.

How To Do It?

You can do vayu mudra in the following way: 

Benefits of Vayu Mudra

Vayu mudra is believed to relieve about 150 ailments arising from an imbalance of air elements in the body.3 Some of the benefits of vayu mudra are as follows: 

1. Benefit of vayu mudra for stomach health

stomach pain

Regular practice of prana mudra may relieve excessive gas in the stomach (flatulence). It may also help in case of stomach bloating and ease constipation. Vayu mudra practised in vajrasana or the diamond pose after a meal might aid digestion., Further studies are required to check the effect of vayu mudra on improving stomach health. Hence, you must always consult your physician if you feel discomfort in your stomach instead of self-medicating. 

2. Benefit of vayu mudra for reducing pain

pain releaf

Vayu mudra may help relieve pain caused due to imbalance of the air element (vata dosha). It may help relieve pain caused by rheumatism (disease marked by inflammation and pain in joints and muscles), arthritis, gout, spondylitis and sciatica (pain in the back, hip and outer part of the leg). Furthermore, there is a possible benefit of vayu mudra for back pain and pain caused due to decrease in synovial fluid (a fluid that lubricates the joints). More research is needed to check the effect of vayu mudra in reducing pain. Hence it is advised to go to your doctor in case of severe pain for a prolonged time. 

3. Benefit of vayu mudra for mental health

mental health

Vayu mudra may benefit those who get easily nervous or anxious. Stress, anxiety and confusion may be due to aggravation of vayu dosha. Chronic sleeplessness and head spinning due to unknown causes may be managed by vayu mudra. Thus, by balancing vayu dosha, we may also have improved mental strength. However, further studies are needed to confirm if vayu mudra is beneficial in mental well-being. Therefore, you must consult a psychiatrist if you feel your mental well-being is hampered. 

4. Benefit of vayu mudra for ears and eyes

Good for Eyes 

Vayu mudra may be beneficial for ears and eyes. It may help to normalise the functioning of the ears. It may also reduce the involuntary twitching of the eyelids and dryness of eyes. However, further studies are required to check the effect of vayu mudra on ears and eyes. 

5. Benefit of vayu mudra for skin, nails and hair

Hair growth

Vayu mudra may be beneficial for skin, nails and hair. It may help to make dry and flaky skin normal. It may also reduce the brittleness of nails and hair. These functions might be achieved by bringing a balance to the air element. However, more research is required to check the benefits of vayu mudra for hair, skin and nails. 

6. Benefit of vayu mudra for hormonal imbalance

Hormonal Imbalance

Vayu mudra may help to overcome the hormonal imbalance in endocrine glands (glands that produce hormones). Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers, and hormonal imbalance is caused due to an abnormally high or low hormonal level in the blood. Thus, by balancing vayu in the body, hormones might also be balanced. Further studies are required to check whether vayu mudra can help overcome the hormonal imbalance in the body. 

7. Benefit of vayu mudra for Parkinson’s disease

Parkinsons Disease

Vayu mudra may be beneficial in the case of Parkinson’s disease which is characterized by excessive trembling and shaking of hands, legs and fingers. It was seen that vayu mudra might reduce trembling and shaking.However, more studies are yet to be done to check if it is beneficial for Parkinson’s disease. However, if you have any symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, you must immediately consult your doctor instead of self-medicating. 

8. Benefit of vayu mudra for neck stiffness

If you face the problem of neck stiffness regularly, practice of vayu mudra may help ease neck stiffness. However, more studies are required to confirm if vayu mudra can reduce neck stiffness. You must consult your doctor if your neck remains stiff for an extended period. 

Yoga practice may help develop the mind and body; however, it is still not an alternative to modern medicine. You must not rely on yoga alone to treat any condition. Please consult a qualified doctor who will be able to assess your condition correctly and advise accordingly. Moreover, it is necessary to practice and learn yoga under the supervision of a trained yoga teacher to avoid any injuries. 

According to Ayurveda4, our body is comprised of five different elements and each finger of the hand represents one element. The thumb represents the fire element and the index finger represents the air element, the middle finger represents the space element, the ring finger represents the earth element and the pinky finger represents the water element.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Benefits of Padmasana and How to Do it By Dr. Himani Bisht

Risks of Exercise

You must not practice vayu mudra for a long time and discontinue it once the pain symptoms are relieved. 

There were no other associated risks or contraindications that have been investigated or reported as yet. However, it is essential to take necessary precautions before performing vayu mudra. You must be extra cautious if you have any prevalent diseases. Pregnant and lactating mothers should be careful too. It is best to perform vayu mudra under professional guidance. 

Though most performed, The Vayu mudra can be easily confused with the Chin mudra. The Vayu mudra works around decreasing the air element from the body. If there is an imbalance in the air element, you can suffer from health conditions like stress and anxiety, gas, skin infections, etc4.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Benefits of Vrikshasana (Tree Pose) and How to Do it By Dr. Ankit Sankhe

Conclusion

In Sanskrit, vayu means air or wind. Vayu mudra may help to regulate the air element (vata dosha) by removing excess and harmful wind from our bodies. Vayu mudra is believed to relieve about 150 ailments arising from an imbalance of air elements in the body. Few of the conditions may include improvement of stomach health, alleviate pain, improve mental well-being and overcome hormonal imbalance. Vayu mudra may benefit ears, eyes, skin, hair and nails. Additionally, it may also be helpful to reduce neck stiffness and help in Parkinson’s disease. However, you must not practice vayu mudra for a long time and discontinue it once the pain symptoms are relieved. It is advised to perform vayu mudra under the guidance of a trained professional. 

Also Read: Benefits of Anulom Vilom and How to Do it By Dr. Ankit Sankhe

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the benefits of Vayu Mudra? 

Vayu mudra may enhance stomach health, reduce pain, improve mental well-being and overcome hormonal balance. In addition, Vayu mudra may benefit ears, eyes, skin, hair and nails. It may also be helpful to reduce neck stiffness and help in the case of Parkinson’s disease.

How to do vayu mudra yoga? 

Make yourself comfortable in any position- sitting, standing or lying. You can do vayu mudra while doing pranayama or even while walking. Now, press the tip of your index finger on the base of your thumb, and press your thumb gently over the index finger. Keep the other fingers straight. You can do vayu mudra 2-3 times for 10-15 minutes, and you can do up to 45 minutes daily.

Is vayu mudra beneficial in case of hiccups? 

Yes, vayu mudra might help reduce excessive air element in the system. Thus, it may reduce hiccups. 

In which yoga postures can vayu mudra be done? 

You can perform vayu mudra in any pose, while standing, sitting, walking, lying down, etc. Therefore, it can be performed in any meditative yoga pose too. In addition, vayu mudra when performed in vajrasana or diamond pose might help in digestion and may help you feel relaxed after a heavy meal. 

How is vayu mudra beneficial for the skin and hair? 

Vayu mudra may help balance the aggravated vayu dosha. Thus, it might help make flaky and dry skin normal and reduce the brittleness of hair.

References

  1. Kumar SN, Venu A, Jaya MH. Effect of yoga mudras in improving the health of users: a precautionary measure practice in daily life for resisting the deadly COVID-19 disease. In: Lessons from COVID‑19. Elsevier; 2022. p. 41–59. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-99878-9.00001-7. PMCID: PMC9347266. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9347266/
  2. Basavaraddi IV. Yoga: Its Origin, History and Development [Internet]. New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of External Affairs; 2015 Apr 23 [cited 2025 Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.yogamdniy.nic.in/files/publication/publication_6579a5a0779a31702471072.pdf
  3. Rajput MS. The source, meanings and use of “mudra” across religions. Int J Islamic Religious Anthropol Hum Stud (IJIRAH) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 8];(n.d.):[page numbers]. Available from: https://ijirah.dvpublication.com/uploads/667651821f3ad_7.pdf
  4. The Yoga Institute (Arhantayoga). Complete guide to mudras: benefits and use in yoga, meditation & chakra balancing [Internet]. Mumbai: The Yoga Institute; 8 November 2021 [cited 2025 Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.arhantayoga.org/blog/complete-guide-to-mudras-and-benefits/

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