Dysentery is an intestinal infection, typically involving inflammation of the colon and resulting in bloody diarrhoea. It is most commonly caused by bacteria such as Shigella or parasites like Entamoeba histolytica1. While mild cases may resolve within three to seven days, untreated amoebic dysentery can persist for longer periods and potentially become chronic. Common symptoms include severe abdominal pain, diarrhoea (often containing blood or mucus), nausea, vomiting, high fever (particularly in bacterial cases), and dehydration. If left untreated, dehydration may lead to serious complications such as electrolyte imbalances, hypovolaemic shock, or even death.
Dysentery is highly contagious and spreads through the faecal-oral route, typically via contaminated food, water, or surfaces, and poor hygiene practices. Although it does not usually transmit between humans and animals, shared utensils or use of unclean bathroom facilities can facilitate rapid human-to-human spread. Prevention relies heavily on good hygiene, such as thorough handwashing, drinking safe water, and avoiding raw or unwashed food in unsanitary conditions. If symptoms like persistent bloody diarrhoea, fever, or signs of dehydration occur, it is vital to seek medical attention promptly.
Treatment focuses on rehydration and, in more severe cases, specific antibiotics or antiparasitic medication. However, antibiotic resistance, where bacteria evolve to survive exposure to treatment can make infections more difficult to manage, underscoring the need for responsible antibiotic use.
There are two types of dysentery, namely, amoebic dysentery and bacillary dysentery and each has its own effects on an individual. Here are some of the types of dysentery along with their effects.
Amoebic dysentery is caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with Entamoeba histolytica cysts. This parasitic infection primarily affects the colon and can lead to a range of painful and distressing symptoms. Individuals with amoebic dysentery typically experience severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and frequent bowel movements. The stools are often painful to pass and may contain both blood and mucus, indicating inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal lining. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications and support recovery2.
Bacillary dysentery is a bacterial infection, most commonly caused by Shigella species, and can be serious if left untreated. Symptoms typically appear within one to three days of exposure to the bacteria, usually through contaminated food, water, or poor hygiene. The illness often begins with diarrhoea, which may progress to include blood and mucus in the stools. Additional symptoms may include severe abdominal pain, high fever, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, however, the symptoms are mild and can be managed at home with rest, adequate hydration, and proper nutrition. Nevertheless, if symptoms worsen or dehydration occurs, prompt medical attention is essential3.
Dysentery is most commonly caused by bacterial infections, including Shigella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter, and Salmonella. These harmful bacteria affect the intestines and can spread rapidly through contaminated food, water, or poor hygiene. The specific bacteria responsible can vary by region. For instance, Shigella is a major cause of dysentery in Latin America, while Campylobacter is more frequently associated with cases in Southeast Asia, including India. Less commonly, dysentery may be caused by intestinal parasites or chemical irritants. It is also important to note that dysentery, particularly when caused by Shigella, can be transmitted through unprotected anal-oral sexual contact with an infected person. Understanding these causes is essential for prevention and early treatment1.
Dysentery can present with a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe, potentially life-threatening illness. It is typically caused by consuming contaminated food or water due to poor sanitation and hygiene, and is more prevalent in developing and low-resource settings.
The symptoms vary depending on the severity of the infection, but early recognition and treatment are essential for recovery. Below are some of the most common signs and symptoms associated with dysentery1:
Note: In untreated cases, symptoms such as fever, cramps, and tenesmus may last 4 to 8 days. With appropriate treatment, most bacterial or amoebic dysentery cases resolve within 1 to 2 weeks. Rarely, in cases of untreated or complicated amoebiasis, symptoms may persist longer. While symptoms like increased gas are sometimes reported, they are not considered hallmark features of dysentery.
If you or your child is showing symptoms of dysentery, it is important to consult a doctor as soon as possible. When left untreated, dysentery can lead to dehydration, which may pose serious health risks, particularly in young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. During a medical consultation, the doctor will typically begin by reviewing your symptoms. If dysentery is suspected, a stool sample will be requested for laboratory analysis1,4. This sample may be examined using microscopy, culture techniques, or antigen testing, depending on whether a bacterial or amoebic infection is suspected. Identifying the exact cause of dysentery, such as Shigella, Entamoeba histolytica, or Campylobacter is essential for selecting the most effective treatment5.
Treatment for dysentery depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. Individuals with mild cases of Shigella infection (shigellosis) are usually treated with increased fluid intake to prevent dehydration. In more severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed. However, some strains of Shigella have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics, a condition known as antibiotic resistance. If you have been prescribed antibiotics but your symptoms persist beyond six days, it is important to consult your doctor for further evaluation, which may include blood tests1.
Amoebic dysentery, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, is typically treated with antiparasitic medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole2. These drugs target and kill the invasive parasites. In many cases, treatment is followed by a luminal agent to eliminate any remaining cysts in the intestines. For patients with severe symptoms or significant dehydration, intravenous fluids may be administered to maintain hydration and support recovery.
The primary cause of dysentery is poor and it is highly contagious (capable of spreading through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces). Preventing this disease requires a combination of proper sanitation, food safety, and basic home care. Alongside medical treatment, certain traditional remedies may support mild cases and help recovery. These include drinking buttermilk with a pinch of rock salt, consuming fresh orange juice daily, making a milkshake using pomegranate peel, and drinking lemon juice6. Eating bananas may help normalise bowel movements, while a mixture of milk, honey, and lemon can be soothing. Black tea, which contains natural tannins, may also provide relief from intestinal discomfort7. However, these home remedies should complement, not replace, professional medical advice.
Th following simple yet effective practices can significantly reduce the risk of dysentery and protect both individual and family health:
If left untreated, dysentery can lead to serious health complications, some of which may be life-threatening. As a highly contagious disease primarily spreading through the faecal-oral route via contaminated hands, food, or water, it requires early attention. Below are some potential complications associated with untreated dysentery:
Dysentery is a gastrointestinal illness often caused by bacterial or parasitic infections, and maintaining a proper, well-regulated diet plays a vital role in supporting recovery. Patients should follow dietary advice provided by their healthcare professional and avoid foods that may worsen symptoms or irritate the digestive system. It is strongly recommended to consume only home-cooked, hygienic meals during this time.
Patients recovering from dysentery should consume light, easily digestible meals that help soothe the digestive tract and prevent further irritation. Below is a list of suitable foods:
Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Dengue
Also Read: Tuberculosis: Types, Causes, Treatment and Prevention
Dysentery is a serious yet preventable illness that demands timely medical attention and proper hygiene practices. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and a supportive diet are key to effective recovery and avoiding complications. With awareness and caution, both individuals and communities can significantly reduce the risk and impact of this disease.
Also Read: Worst Foods for Diarrhea, According to Experts
If you have dysentery, eat soft, easy-to-digest foods like watery dal, curd, boiled rice, bananas, and stewed apples. Drink plenty of fluids such as ORS, coconut water, and clear soups to stay hydrated. Avoid spicy, oily foods, raw vegetables, red meat, caffeine, alcohol, and most dairy products. These can irritate your stomach and worsen symptoms. Always consult a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen.
You should consult a doctor if you experience symptoms of dysentery such as persistent diarrhoea (especially if it contains blood or mucus), high fever, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, or signs of dehydration. Avoid self-medication, as incorrect treatment may worsen your condition or lead to complications. Early medical intervention is essential, especially if symptoms do not improve within a few days. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent serious health risks and help you recover safely.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Infectious diseases are a significant health concern in the Indian subcontinent, with tuberculosis (TB) frequently seen in clinical practice. Despite ongoing efforts and numerous initiatives by the Indian government and medical organisations to control TB, it remains a major public health challenge.
The World Health Organization report 2024 estimates that there is a 17.7% decline in TB incidence from the earlier report1; however, India still has the highest TB burden globally (26% of the global total)2, which is rather alarming.
One of the key challenges with TB is that it can affect nearly any part of the body. In India, the most commonly diagnosed form is pulmonary TB, which specifically affects the lungs.
In this article, we will briefly explore TB, its causes, symptoms, various types of TB, and how it is managed in India.
Did you know?
TB can be classified in several ways:
Understanding how TB spreads and risk factors for TB can help with early detection and timely treatment of this disease.
TB can present with a range of symptoms, depending on whether the infection is in the lungs or in other parts of the body. The symptoms of different forms of TB are as follows13:
The most common symptom of TB of the lungs is prolonged low-grade fever (that rarely crosses 100°F) in the evening with intermittent spikes that may occasionally exceed 100°F. Generally, patients may not always notice a fever; however, they often experience night sweats, malaise (a general feeling of being unwell), and unexplained fatigue and weight loss in the absence of dietary changes or increased exercise.
Individuals with advanced lung TB may experience a persistent cough accompanied by thick phlegm, which may be blood-stained.
When TB involves the pleura (the thin lining around the lungs), it can lead to a buildup of fluid between the two layers. This condition is known as pleural effusion.
In some cases, the fluid accumulation may compress the lung beneath it (lung atelectasis), making it difficult for the lung to expand fully during breathing. This leads to breathlessness, which is a common symptom in pleural TB affects the pleura or causes significant lung damage. Other general symptoms like fever, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue are usually also present.
In rare cases, the pleural fluid becomes infected and thickens into a pus-like material, a condition called empyema. Empyema requires urgent medical attention, including drainage of the infected fluid and a prolonged course of anti-TB medication.
Skeletal TB occurs when the TB bacteria spread to the bones and joints. The spine is the most commonly affected site, and TB of the spine is referred to as Pott’s disease. The most common symptom of Pott’s disease is pain, especially along the spine. As the infection progresses, surrounding muscles may become irritated, leading to spasms and back stiffness. If left untreated, the infection can damage the spinal cord, leading to neurological complications such as numbness, weakness, or even paralysis. These complications are serious and not uncommon in advanced, untreated cases. Early detection is key to avoiding lasting damage.
Other areas like the hip or knee joints may also be involved in skeletal TB with symptoms including swelling, tenderness, and restricted movement.
As with other forms of TB, general symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, and fever are often present in skeletal TB.
When TB spreads to the brain and central nervous system, it is referred to as brain TB, which can take several forms. The most common and severe type is TB meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain), but other forms include tuberculomas (localised granulomas) and other central nervous system (CNS) complications.
In TB meningitis, patients often experience a persistent headache, fever, vomiting, and stiffness in the neck. As the condition progresses, there may be changes in mental state, such as confusion or erratic behaviour, which are often first noticed by family members. These changes can start subtly and worsen over time. If not treated promptly, the person may deteriorate further and may slip into a coma, a complication that can be extremely difficult to manage.
TB can affect the urinary system, a condition known as genitourinary TB. It often begins in the kidneys (renal TB) and may later involve the bladder (TB cystitis).
Renal TB typically presents with pain in the flanks, blood in the urine (haematuria), increased frequency of urination, and malaise. When the infection spreads to the bladder, it may cause dysuria (pain or burning during urination) and the presence of pus cells in the urine, even though no bacteria grow in the urine culture. This specific finding is known as sterile pyuria, and it is a hallmark sign of genitourinary TB.
Early detection is important for avoiding complications that affect kidney and bladder function.
TB can sometimes affect the joints, a condition known as TB arthritis. It usually involves large weight-bearing joints, particularly the hip and knee.
Symptoms may include joint pain, restricted mobility, swelling, stiffness, and sometimes, a low-grade fever. There may also be swelling of nearby soft tissues and general symptoms such as weight loss or night sweats.
Because the symptoms can resemble those of regular arthritis, maintaining a high level of suspicion is important, especially in individuals with persistent joint symptoms unresponsive to routine treatment.
TB can affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, although it most commonly involves the ileocecal region (where the small intestine meets the large intestine).
Gastrointestinal TB can present with symptoms like abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhoea or constipation, low-grade fever, and generalised fatigue. Some patients may experience signs of intestinal obstruction or GI bleeding. Although ulcers can form, they are typically deeper and result from chronic inflammation.
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) is a rare symptom and typically occurs only when the oesophagus (food pipe) is involved, which is uncommon. Malabsorption may occur but is less prominent compared to other GI diseases.
Miliary TB is a serious type of TB where the infection spreads through the blood to different parts of the body. Tiny spots of infection can appear in the lungs and other organs and the lungs may be extensively involved. Symptoms may include persistent fever, weight loss, tiredness, and night sweats.
The diagnosis of TB can sometimes be challenging as TB can be active, with obvious symptoms, or latent, where the bacteria are present in the body but do not cause illness and may not be seen in the sputum.
The first step in diagnosis is taking a detailed clinical history to check whether the person’s symptoms suggest TB and physical examination. This can be challenging, as the symptoms may be vague or overlap with other conditions.
If TB is suspected, further tests will be done to confirm it. In people with pulmonary TB, a sputum test is often used to check for TB bacteria. Advanced tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests (e.g., GeneXpert), can now detect the bacteria’s DNA directly without needing to grow it in a laboratory. Traditional culture tests are still used, but they take longer to provide results14.
Diagnostic tests for TB include the following.
One of the common tests used to check for TB infection is the Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test. In this test, a small amount of a substance called Purified Protein Derivative (PPD), made from TB proteins, is injected just under the skin. If the person has been exposed to TB bacteria earlier, their immune system reacts with a firm, raised swelling (induration) at the site within 48 to 72 hours. The size of the induration is carefully measured to determine if the test is positive.
A positive result may suggest TB infection but does not confirm it as other conditions may lead to a positive result. On the other hand, people with weakened immune systems may have a negative test result even if they have TB.
The Mantoux test is considered a supportive tool as it must always be interpreted by someone trained in reading the results correctly and needs further testing to confirm a positive result15.
Chest x-rays are an important tool in detecting pulmonary TB, especially for active TB. However, a chest x-ray can sometimes appear normal even in people with TB.
Abnormalities typically appear in the upper parts of the lungs on an X-ray as infiltrates, small nodules, or cavities. In miliary TB, the infection is more widespread and presents as numerous tiny, uniform nodules scattered throughout both lungs.
If TB affects the lining of the lungs (the pleura), fluid may collect in the space between the lung and chest wall (pleural effusion) and is often clearly visible on a chest x-ray. In such cases, a sample of this fluid is checked for TB using methods like bacterial culture or DNA-based PCR test. If the test results are unclear, a biopsy of the pleural lining may be needed14.
Blood tests can sometimes help support the diagnosis of TB, but they are not definitive on their own. Routine blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC), may sometimes appear normal even in the presence of TB. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) may be elevated in TB, however, it is not specific to TB as ESR rises in many infections and inflammatory conditions.
For TB affecting certain organs, blood tests for those organs may show changes. For example, liver function tests may be abnormal if the liver is involved and kidney function tests may show changes if the kidneys are affected16.
A more targeted test called adenosine deaminase (ADA) can be helpful in diagnosis, however, it is not a blood test. Instead, it analyses the fluids collected from the body, such as pleural fluid, spinal fluid, or abdominal fluid, for ADA levels and may support the diagnosis of TB affecting these areas17.
Ultrasound scans may often be used to evaluate the abdomen when TB is suspected. This painless and non-invasive test can help identify signs of a possible infection in organs like the liver and other vital structures. It is particularly useful in detecting a fluid collection, organ enlargement, or masses that may indicate the presence of TB in the abdomen.
However, the ultrasound does not directly detect TB or confirm an infection. Instead, it helps identify structural changes that may suggest the need for further testing18.
In bladder TB, a urine test may show pus cells, indicating inflammation. However, when a urine culture is done, it often shows no bacterial growth. This condition is called sterile pyuria and is commonly seen in TB of the bladder. However, sterile pyuria is not specific to TB and may also be seen in conditions like kidney stones or certain infections19.
When TB affects the brain, a CT scan can help determine the extent to which it is affected. Sometimes, an MRI scan may be required20.
Once TB is confirmed, it’s essential to begin treatment promptly. India has specific national guidelines on how to manage TB. If a person also has HIV, both conditions are treated at the same time.
TB treatment plans fall into two broad categories:
For new pulmonary TB cases, the standard treatment begins with an intensive phase of two months. This involves taking four medicines:
This is followed by a continuation phase of four months, where usually isoniazid and rifampicin are continued. In some complex or extrapulmonary TB cases, a third drug may be added during this phase.
In previously treated patients, tests for drug resistance may be performed before treatment. In the absence of drug resistance, a similar treatment plan to that used for new patients may be followed. However, if resistance is detected, the treatment approach is adjusted accordingly.
Note: During treatment, liver function tests must be monitored closely, as TB medications may affect liver function.
India follows the DOTS strategy (Directly Observed Treatment, short-course) to ensure treatment adherence, in which a trained healthcare worker or volunteer watches the patient take their medication daily. This helps ensure that doses are not missed as it may lead to complications.
Treatment Duration: TB treatment usually lasts 6 months, although certain forms of extrapulmonary TB may need 9 to 12 months. After treatment, follow-up tests, such as a chest x-ray or urine test, may be done to ensure the infection is fully cleared.
MDR-TB is usually resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin and requires taking second-line medicines for 9 to 24 months. Treatment regimens for MDR-TB may include oral drugs and occasionally injections and require expert supervision21.
Also Read: Pneumonia: Types, Symptoms, Characteristics & More!
Yes, TB can be successfully managed if diagnosed early and managed with strict adherence to the prescribed regimen; however, taking steps to avoid the infection is always better than having to undergo treatment. TB treatment usually lasts 6 to 9 months, and completing the full course without missing any doses is essential for full recovery.
TB can be avoided through several measures. In children, the BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is given to help protect against TB infection.
Other steps include taking proper precautions if someone in the household has TB of the lungs or airways as they can spread the infection through the air, usually by coughing or sneezing. Here are some precautions that can be taken to avoid the spread of TB from a family member:
TB in other parts of the body, such as the bladder, is not contagious.
Also Read: Does Masturbation Cause Weight Loss? Debunking Sexual Health Misconceptions
TB is a widespread health concern in India and can present with various symptoms, making diagnosis challenging at times. However, once diagnosed, it is usually treatable with standard medications, provided there are no complications or drug resistance.
Most individuals who receive timely treatment and complete the full course without missing doses recover well. The recurrence rate of TB is generally low, however, the long-term outcome may be poorer in those who experience reactivation of TB or reinfection, particularly if they had incomplete prior treatment or developed drug-resistant TB. Similarly, elderly patients and individuals with weakened immunity, such as those with HIV or undergoing chemotherapy, often require closer monitoring23.
Also Read: 5 Myths About Tuberculosis You Need to Know About
Tuberculosis is a serious health condition, but early identification of the infection and timely medical care can help manage it effectively. Preventive steps, good hygiene practices, and adequate nutrition may play a role in overall health during recovery. Ongoing medical supervision is especially important in cases where drug resistance or other complications are present.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Nowadays many people are looking for more natural and healthy ways to maintain or lose their body weight. In this busy lifestyle, healthy diets that promise results are gaining more attention. One such diet that is becoming popular is the fruit diet.
A fruit diet mainly focuses on eating fruits as the primary source of food. Since fruits are naturally rich in vitamins, minerals, fibre, and antioxidants, many people believe that this diet might help with overall health improvement1.
The popularity of fruit diets is high also because of their cost effectiveness, natural sweetness and easy-to-eat approach. For people trying to reduce processed foods or sugar cravings, fruits may seem like a healthier alternative.
However, despite the several benefits fruits may have, a long-term fruit-based diet can bring some vitamin and mineral deficiencies along with a protein deficiency. Fruits are low in protein content, which is essential to support a healthy growth and body functioning2. It is suggested that a fruit only diet should be monitored carefully and not be taken up as an extreme long-term eating pattern.
This article might help you better understand what a fruit diet is, its potential benefits, possible side effects, and important things to consider before trying it.
As mentioned earlier, a fruit diet is primarily comprised of fruits, which make up a major part of daily food intake. In this diet, people primarily consume fresh fruits such as apples, bananas, berries, oranges, mangoes, and melons1, while other food groups are either limited or avoided. While most people follow the diet by taking fruits alone, some people may prefer to include nuts, seeds, and vegetables as well to provide essential nutrients.
The idea behind a fruit diet is that fruits are natural foods that are rich in vitamins, minerals, fibre, antioxidants, and water, which can support digestion and overall health1. However, eating only fruits for a long time may not provide all the nutrients the body needs, such as protein, healthy fats, and certain vitamins and minerals2.
The fruit diet works by making fruits the main part of daily food intake. Instead of eating a regular mix of grains, proteins, and cooked foods, people following this diet consume mostly fresh fruits throughout the day. The following are the ways by which it really works:
Fruit diets might be good for you in many ways. Following are the fruit diet benefits you may expect.
Rich in fibre and low in calories, fruits can help in feeling fuller for longer1,3,4. This might reduce the overall calorie intake and support short-term weight reduction.
High in fibre content, fruits might support the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. This can help improve digestion and reduce inflammation1,3. Certain nutrients like potassium, magnesium and Lutein in fruits also help relax the digestive system1.
Rich in nutrients, fruits provide essential vitamins like A, C, E (trace amount), folate, etc., and minerals like potassium, magnesium1, zinc, phosphorus3, etc., which are important for maintaining overall health and supporting various body functions.
Rich in nutrients, fruits provide antioxidants like flavonoids, carotenoids, tannins, etc., which help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress caused by harmful molecules, and strengthen the immune system1.
Rich in antioxidants, fruits might reduce inflammation, thereby protecting the heart from related complications1,3,4.
Rich in antioxidants like carotenoids, lycopene, etc., fruits might help improve the skin texture and permeability by reducing oxidative damage. Vitamin C in them helps promote collagen and elastin production, keeping the skin from aging faster. It also helps deal with issues like skin pigmentation1,6.
Rich in water content5, fruits can help maintain hydration levels in the body.
A fruit-based diet reduces the intake of processed foods and added sugars. This may encourage healthier eating habits and a more natural food pattern.
When following a fruit diet, the focus is on consuming a variety of fresh fruits. Choosing different types of fruits helps provide a range of vitamins, minerals, fibre, and antioxidants. Following are the best fruits for diet that you may choose to eat.
Include fresh fruits in the majority, such as apples, bananas, mangoes, papayas, pineapples, and melons. These fruits provide natural sugars, fibre, and essential nutrients1.
Include citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits. These provide antioxidants like vitamin C and flavonoids, which might support immune health and skin health1,6.
Include berries like strawberries, blueberries and raspberries. These are packed with antioxidants and fibres which might support heart health and digestion1,7.
Include tropical fruits such as pineapple, papaya, guava, etc. These contain several antioxidants and natural enzymes which might support metabolism and digestion1,8.
Include water rich-fruits such as melons1,5. These might help keep the body hydrated.
Include a moderate number of dried fruits such as raisins, dates, or figs. These might provide several phytochemical and other bioactive compounds required for the body9.
May include nuts and seeds such as almonds, walnuts, chia seeds, or flaxseeds, if needed. These might provide healthy fats along with other essential nutrients10.
A fruit only diet mainly focuses on fruits, so many other food groups are usually limited or avoided. The following are the foods that you may avoid on a fruit diet.
These include chips, instant noodles, processed snacks, and ready-to-eat meals, etc. They may contain added preservatives, trans-fats and excess sodium which are unhealthy11.
These include candies, chocolates, cookies, pastries, cakes, and sugary desserts. These can increase calorie intake and provide little nutritional value12.
These include fries, burgers, pizza and other fast foods. These can contribute to obesity, diabetes and other health problems12.
These include white bread, white rice, and pasta. These are processed, have high sugar and provide unhealthy starch12.
These include soft drinks, energy drinks, and packaged fruit juices. These can lead to excess sugar intake.
Avoid animal products like poultry, meat, fish, eggs, etc., as the diet is particularly based on fruits only.
Starting a fruit diet is suggested to be done gradually and carefully to allow the body to adjust. Following are some tips you may follow while planning to start a fruit diet.
A fruit-based meal plan includes a variety of fruits which can be consumed throughout a day. Following is an example of a fruit diet plan.
Although fruits are highly nutritious and provide many health benefits, relying only on fruits for a long time may lead to several health concerns. Following are some side-effects of a fruit only diet.
Note: A strict fruit-only diet may not be suitable for children, pregnant women, people with diabetes, or individuals with certain medical conditions. Always consult your doctor before planning to take a fruit-only diet, to avoid the unwanted risks and adverse effects.
Following are the symptoms you should not ignore if you are on a fruit diet.
Consult a doctor immediately for these symptoms.
A fruit diet can be a refreshing way to increase the intake of vitamins, minerals, fibre, and antioxidants. It may help improve digestion and hydration, and support short-term weight management. However, relying only on fruits for a long time may lead to nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, it is best to follow this diet in moderation as part of a balanced eating pattern.
Also Read: The Detailed 7 Days GM Diet Plan for Weight Loss
While fruits might help reduce weight due to their fewer calorie content4, it is not recommended as it can cause several nutrient deficiencies and health issues.
A 7-day fruit diet is generally not recommended it might cause protein and fat deficiencies.
An only fruit diet can bring about several side effects, like nutrient deficiencies, lack of energy due to less calorie intake4, stomach discomfort, sudden glucose spike2, etc.
A high fruit diet is very less likely to cause diabetes however, patients with diabetes are recommended to moderate the consumption of fruits or go for less glycaemic fruits to avoid sudden glucose spikes1.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Sunken eyes is a condition in which the eye socket looks sunken. It may occur due to enophthalmos, a condition in which the eyeball moves posteriorly, giving the appearance of a sunken eye1 or common causes like lack of sleep, dehydration2, ageing3, stress, poor nutrition, and sudden weight reduction. Sunken eyes may make a person look tired, dull, or older than their age and may impact their self-confidence.
Sunken eyes may also indicate underlying health conditions, such as sinus problems, chronic allergies, tumours, or injuries1. Therefore, understanding the causes of sunken eyes, their management options, and protective measures is important for better management.
Sunken eyes meaning is that the eyeballs appear to move backward into the eye socket more than normal. Eyes may also look sunken or hollow due to conditions like dehydration when the tissue surrounding the eyes loses elasticity. This may cause the upper eyelid area or the bone underneath the eyes to look more prominent.
Sunken eyes are commonly caused by loss of the fat around the eyes, a fracture of the eye socket, and tightening of the tissues around the eyes, which pulls the eyeball backward1. Let’s look at the causes of sunken eyes in detail.
Reasons for sunken eyes include the following:
Ageing can cause the fat around the eyelids to move deep into the eye socket, making the eyes look more sunken4. Loss of body fat, including facial fat, can also contribute to sunken eyes3.
An unhealthy lifestyle may lead to sunken eyes. Lifestyle factors associated with sunken eyes may include:
Sunken eye causes can sometimes include certain underlying conditions such as:
Symptoms you may observe along with sunken eyes include:
Sunken eyes may be diagnosed as follows:
Various approaches may be used to manage sunken eyes depending on their cause. Sunken eyes treatment methods include:
These include:
If you have any underlying conditions that have caused sunken eyes, managing them may help improve sunken eyes. Such conditions and potential management options include:
Certain home care tips may be helpful in managing sunken eyes and related symptoms, as follows:
Note: If your symptoms are not relieved or are worsening after using the sunken eyes remedy methods given above, consult a doctor immediately.
To avoid sunken eyes and related symptoms, you may:
Medical attention is recommended if sunken eyes occur along with any of the following:
Sunken eyes may often be seen as a harmless cosmetic concern, but they may sometimes reflect the need for lifestyle changes or treatment of underlying health issues. Poor sleep, dehydration, ageing, and nutritional deficiencies are some common causes of sunken eyes, while certain medical conditions may also contribute. Early attention to health habits and appropriate management may help improve your appearance and eye health. If sunken eyes develop suddenly or persist despite lifestyle changes, medical evaluation is recommended to rule out underlying problems.
Also Read: Burning Eyes: What Causes the Burning Sensation and How to Manage It
Sunken eyes are mainly known to indicate dehydration, nutrient deficiencies1, poor sleep or ageing3, however, sometimes they may also be caused by underlying health conditions1,8,9,15.
You may manage sunken eyes and their associated symptoms by staying hydrated, consuming nutritious food1, improving sleep patterns5, maintaining a healthy body weight1, trying out home management tips16, or managing underlying health conditions. However, severe cases may require immediate medical attention.
You may have sunken eyes if you have any of the following:
Dehydration
Nutrient deficiencies
Sudden weight reduction1
Ageing3
Lack of sleep
Underlying health conditions1
You may be able to manage sunken eyes by making lifestyle modifications and managing underlying health conditions that cause sunken eyes. You may also check yourself for any underlying health conditions that need to be managed1.
Nutrient deficiencies associated with severe malnutrition (e.g., protein deficiency), anaemia (e.g., B12 deficiency), damage to collagen (e.g., vitamin C deficiency), and dehydration (e.g., potassium or magnesium deficiency) may lead to sunken eyes.
1. Shah SS, Patel BC. Herpetic whitlow. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Dec 13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563300/
2. Hoxha T, Xhelili L, Azemi M, et al. Performance of Clinical Signs in the Diagnosis of Dehydration in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Med Arh. 2015;69(1):10. doi:10.5455/medarh.2015.69.10-12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25870468/
3. Athanasiov PA, Prabhakaran VC, Selva D. Non‐traumatic enophthalmos: a review. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2008;86(4):356-364. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01152.x. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18462475/
4. Aging Changes in the Face. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004004.htm
5. Sundelin T, Lekander M, Kecklund G, Van Someren EJW, Olsson A, Axelsson J. Cues of Fatigue: Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Facial Appearance. Sleep. 2013;36(9):1355-1360. doi:10.5665/sleep.2964. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3738045/
6. Bobok N, Taskesen T. Stress-Induced Changes of the Skin: A Narrative Review. Cureus. Published online November 7, 2025. doi:10.7759/cureus.96285. Available from: https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/429743/20251207-371204-2imigj.pdf
7. National Health Service (NHS). Dehydration [Internet]. NHS; 2022 Nov 14. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dehydration/
8. Hwang TN, Rofagha S, McDermott MW, Hoyt WF, Horton JC, McCulley TJ. Sunken Eyes, Sagging Brain Syndrome: Bilateral Enophthalmos from Chronic Intracranial Hypotension. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(11):2286-2295. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.04.031. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788080/
9. Symptoms and Causes of Chronic Diarrhoea in Children. 2017. Availabe from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/chronic-diarrhea-children/symptoms-causes
10. Joo SP, Kim SH, Park HJ, Jung S, Han JJ, Kim TS. Sunken Eye Induced by Superior Orbital Wall Defect After Craniofacial Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2016;27(7):1789-1791. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000002956. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27483101/
11. Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, Garcia JK, Silberberg MB. The Facial Aging Process From the “Inside Out.” Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2021;41(10):1107-1119. doi:10.1093/asj/sjaa339. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8438644/
12. Vrcek I, Ozgur O, Nakra T. Infraorbital dark circles: A review of the pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2016;9(2):65. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.184046. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27398005/
13. Park KY, Kwon HJ, Youn CS, Seo SJ, Kim MN. Treatments of Infra-Orbital Dark Circles by Various Etiologies. Ann Dermatol. 2018;30(5):522. doi:10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.522. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33911473/
14. Sinusitis. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000647.htm
15. Massey TH, Robertson NP. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: features, diagnosis and management. J Neurol. 2021;268(4):1555-1557. doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10500-1. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-021-10500-1
16. Joshi M, Perera PS, Korrapati NH. Effective Home Remedies that Provide Quick Relief for Puffy Eyes. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies. 2021;28:43-51. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354871368_Effective_Home_Remedies_that_Provide_Quick_Relief_for_Puffy_Eyes
17. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple D. Aloe vera: A short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.44785. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2763764/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Eyes are among the most important sense organs, which are necessary for learning, working, and connecting with the world. Good eye health is not only important for vision but also for overall quality of life. However, in today’s digital age, our eyes face more strain than ever before.
The increased use of smartphones, laptops, and tablets has led to longer screen time for people of all ages. This may cause digital eye strain, dry eyes, headaches, blurred vision, and difficulty focusing1. Over time, recurrent strain and unhealthy habits may also increase the risk of vision problems and age-related eye conditions.
Along with regular eye check-ups and healthy screen habits, proper nutrition also plays a significant role in keeping eye health. Nutrients such as certain vitamins and antioxidants are essential for protecting eyes from damage, improving retinal function, reducing inflammation and keeping the eyes properly moisturised2. A balanced diet rich in these might help reduce the risk of common eye problems and support long-term vision health.
So, in this article we will discuss the importance of nutrients in maintaining eye health. We will learn about which vitamins are good for eyes and foods that can naturally support eye health, and understand some common eye conditions that may occur due to lack of these nutrients.
Proper nutrition is very important for eye health because each part of the eye demands different nutrients to work properly. The following says how vitamins support the different eye parts.
Therefore, proper nutrition plays an important role in the functioning of the eye and is crucial for maintaining long-term healthy vision.
Vitamin deficiencies can harm eye health, as vitamin A deficiency may cause night blindness, lack of vitamins A, C, and D may lead to dry eye syndrome, low dietary antioxidants may increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), etc2,3,7. We will discuss more on these in the coming sections.
Eyes require essential vitamins and nutrients to function properly. The following describes why essential nutrients and vitamins for eye health are important.
Besides vitamins, there are certain other nutrients which are known to be beneficial for eye health; these include omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin), zinc, selenium, etc. These nutrients are known to protect the eye from oxidative damage, reduce inflammation, maintain retinal health, and aid in vision2,9.
There are several foods that can be included in the diet to support vision and improve eye health. Following are some food sources which might contain vitamins needed for eyes to support vision and overall eye health.
Carrots are known to be rich in vitamin A and carotenoids. Therefore, they might be helpful in promoting good vision, especially during the night3. They are also a fair source of B vitamins10. Hence, they might also support proper optic nerve functioning and maintain overall eye health8.
These include spinach, collard, turnip, kale, etc. They are known to be rich in vitamins like A, C, E and K11. Therefore, they might support eyesight by improving the production of eye pigments2, improve collagen production and maintain eye structure4, and reduce the occurrence of ARED8.
These include salmon, sardine, mackerel, trout, etc. They are known to be a good source of vitamins D and B29. Therefore, they might support the vision by improving retinal health and reducing the occurrence of dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy and possibly, cataracts8. In addition, they are also a great source of omega-3 fatty acids.
These include oranges, tangerines, grapes, lemons, etc. They are said to have high vitamin C content. Therefore, they might help in tissue repair and reduce the occurrence of ARMD and cataract12.
Eggs are a good source of vitamins A, B12, D and E3,5,13. Therefore, they can support night vision by maintaining a healthy retina, nourish the eyes, improve optic nerve function, and reduce the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and other ARED3,8.
These include almonds, peanuts, sunflower seeds, etc. They are known to be rich in vitamin E2,8,14. Therefore, they can help support retinal function, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and manage ARED2. They also contain omega 3 fatty acids, which are known to be beneficial for the eye health.
Now that we know which vitamin is good for eyes, let us see what eye conditions can occur due to the deficiencies of these vitamins.
Eyes can bring about several signs regarding the nutritional deficiencies. The following are some eye signs related to nutritional deficiencies.
Night blindness causes difficulty in seeing at night or in dim light, leading to difficulty in driving at night, adjusting to darkness, or walking through a dimply lit area. This condition usually occurs when there is a deficiency in vitamin A3.
Persistent dryness and itching are signs of nutritional deficiency. This may be due to vitamin A deficiency which causes the cornea of the eye to get dry due to lack of moisture and hydration3. Also, vitamin C and D deficiencies can cause dry eyes7, contributing to itching and irritated eyes. Other nutrients like omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may also disrupt the oily layer in tears causing dry eye.
Feeling tiredness of eyes, heaviness around the eyelids, or discomfort after reading or using digital screens may be a sign of severe vitamin deficiencies, like vitamin B1, which can also contribute to a condition called Wernicke’s encephalopathy7.
Blurred vision which is not related to eyesight issues may sometimes be due to nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin A. If not treated, it can even lead to blindness, especially in children3.
Light sensitivity is related to deficiency of antioxidants2. This can cause the eyes to become more sensitive and uncomfortable in bright conditions.
Recurrent eye infections or minor eye irritations taking time to heal may be associated with nutritional deficiencies like vitamin C, which is important for tissue repair and immune function13. Severe deficiency may cause repeated eye problems.
Note: Ageing naturally causes the eyes to become weak and lose some protection against damage. Unhealthy habits like too much screen time, poor diet, smoking, lack of sleep, and excess sun exposure might also worsen these conditions. Eating a balanced diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle might reduce the eye damage and support long-term vision.
Proper eye nutrition is essential at every stage of life, but certain age groups require extra attention due to higher risks of vision-related changes and disorders. These include:
Research supports the idea that eye health supplements can be helpful, but primarily for conditions like AMD. The evidence shows an ageage-related eye disease study (AREDS) formula, which is a combination of vitamins A and E, beta-carotene and zinc, may reduce the risk of advanced AMD. There is limited evidence supporting the use of omega-3 supplements for dry eye disease; further research is needed to reach a conclusion. The studies don’t provide any evidence for antioxidant supplementation for conditions like cataracts and glaucoma19.
Eye supplements may be helpful for:
Eye supplements may be taken once daily along with a meal or snack.
Note: Supplements should ideally be taken only after medical advice and as suggested by your doctor, as excessive intake of certain vitamins may be harmful.
Here is a comparison between the food and supplementation:
| Aspects | Food | Supplements |
| Nutrient source | Natural, whole nutrients | Concentrated, isolated nutrients |
| Absorption | Better absorption and utilisation by body | May be less absorbed when compared with food |
| Safety | Low risk of overdose | Overconsumption might raise safety concerns |
| Additional benefits | Provides other nutrients like antioxidants, phytochemicals, etc | Provides only specific nutrients |
Therefore, vitamins from food might be more beneficial when compared to supplements, as they provide other nutrients along with them. However, in conditions where the food alone may not fulfil the requirements or in individuals with dietary restrictions, supplementation might be needed. Under such circumstances, it should be taken only under the guidance of a doctor.
The recognisable changes in your body should not be ignored, as they may be signs of severe nutritional deficiencies. Consult a doctor for the following:
Consult a healthcare professional if you are considering supplementation20 and fall in the high-risk categories mentioned below:
Every consultation might help reduce complications and protect long-term vision health.
Also Read: What Is Eye Strain and How Can You Reduce It in the Digital Age
Good eye health depends on balanced nutrition, healthy habits, and regular eye check-ups. Vitamins like A, C, E, D and B-complex help different parts of the eye function properly. Eating nutrient-rich foods might be the most cost-effective way to protect your eyes. Supplements may help in certain cases, but they should be taken only with a doctor’s advice. Starting healthy eating from an early age might help maintain good vision throughout life.
The best way by which you may improve your eye health is by following a balanced diet comprised of all essential vitamins and other important nutrients. These might keep your eyes healthy and reduce the occurrence of eye diseases or discomforts2.
Blurred vision may be a result of vitamin A or B deficiency3,8. Consuming foods rich in these vitamins might reduce blurred vision. Blurred vision may be a result of vitamin A or B deficiency3,8. Consuming foods rich in these vitamins might reduce blurred vision.
Poor eyesight may be managed by a healthy lifestyle, like following a balanced diet, quitting smoking, managing screen time, staying hydrated and managing the underlying health conditions.
For maintaining a healthy vision, you may choose juices made from citrus fruits or carrots, which might boost your eye health and provide healthy eyesight3,12.
Drinking water can affect axial length and pressure inside the eyeball22. It might be helpful in maintaining and protecting eye health by improving the tear film which reduces dry eye occurrence. This in turn might improve the eyesight. However, it might not change the innate eyesight.
Weak eyesight due to poor nutrition or lifestyle habits may be recovered. However, if it is due to conditions like myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism, it cannot be reversed naturally.
1. Computer Vision Syndrome. doi:https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/computer-vision-syndrome
2. Johnson, Rasmussen H. Nutrients for the aging eye. CIA. Published online June 2013:741. doi:10.2147/CIA.S45399. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23818772/
3. Alba-Campomanes AG de, Turbert D. What is Vitamin A Deficiency? 2024. doi:https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/vitamin-deficiency
4. Cho YW, Yoo WS, Kim SJ, Chung IY, Seo SW, Yoo JM. Efficacy of Systemic Vitamin C Supplementation in Reducing Corneal Opacity Resulting from Infectious Keratitis. Medicine. 2014;93(23):e125. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000125. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415664/
5. Roda M, Di Geronimo N, Pellegrini M, Schiavi C. Nutritional Optic Neuropathies: State of the Art and Emerging Evidences. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2653. doi:10.3390/nu12092653. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32878163/
6. Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: Beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2011;51(5):1000-1013. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.017. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21664268/
7. Serhan HA, Alma’aitah HW, Irshaidat S, Ameer MA, Asghar MS, Tahir MJ. Ophthalmic manifestations of nutritional deficiencies: A mini review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2022;11(10):5899-5901. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_790_22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36618247/
8. Pereira A, Adekunle RD, Zaman M, Wan MJ. Association Between Vitamin Deficiencies and Ophthalmological Conditions. OPTH. 2023;Volume 17:2045-2062. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S401262. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37489231/
9. Health Benefits of Fish. doi: https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/food/fish/health-benefits
10. Carrots. Doi: https://www.hss.gov.nt.ca/en/services/nutritional-food-fact-sheet-series/carrots
11. Dark Green Vegetables. 2023. Doi: https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/gfnd/gfhnrc/docs/news-articles/2013/dark-green-leafy-vegetables/
12. Vimont C. 36 Fabulous Foods to Boost Eye Health. 2024. Doi: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/fabulous-foods-your-eyes
13. Vitamins and Minerals. 2024. Doi: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/Vitamins-and-minerals
14. Nutrition and Eye Health. Doi :https://cms.illinois.gov/benefits/stateemployee/bewell/foodforthought/august24-nutrition-and-eye-health.html
15. Ahsan M, Nizami DJ. Metformin-induced eyelid myokymia. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2024;56(5):358-360. doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_284_24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39687960/
16. Umfress AC, Brantley MA. Eye Care Disparities and Health-Related Consequences in Elderly Patients with Age-Related Eye Disease. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2016;31(4):432-438. doi:10.3109/08820538.2016.1154171. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4990069/
17. Adult Vision: 41 to 60 Years of Age. doi: https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-health-for-life/adult-vision-41-to-60-years-of-age
18. Benefits of Healthy Eating for Children. 2024. Doi: https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/php/resources/healthy-eating-benefits-for-children.html
19. Dietary Supplements for Eye Conditions: What the Science Says. 2024. Doi: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/dietary-supplements-for-eye-conditions-science
20. Raiji VR. Vitamins for AMD. American Academy of Ophthalmology 2025. Doi: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/vitamins-amd
21. Niklewicz A, Smith AD, Smith A, et al. The importance of vitamin B12 for individuals choosing plant-based diets. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62(3):1551-1559. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-03025-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36469110/
22. Akkara JD, Kuriakose A. Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9240575/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Eye strain is when your eyes feel tired, uncomfortable, or irritated after looking at something for a long time. Many people experience it even if their vision is normal1. Today, eye strain has become very common because of our increasing use of digital devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets. Long hours spent on screens can cause symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, dry, itchy, or watery eyes2. Other factors, like poor lighting, not blinking enough, or sitting in the wrong posture, can make it worse1. In this blog, we will see what is eye strain and what are the simple steps we can take to reduce it and protect our eyes in today’s digital world.
Eye strain is the fatigue or irritation felt in eyes because of how the eyes work and how they react to light. It usually happens when the eyes work hard for a long time, such as reading, writing, or looking at screens1,3.
It can also develop after extended periods of tasks that require continuous visual attention, such as driving or detailed reading, as well as prolonged use of electronic devices like computers, tablets, and smartphones.
Eye strain usually goes away after resting the eyes. However, it may cause tiredness and reduced alertness, which can affect work performance and daily activities, especially for individuals who cannot avoid visually demanding tasks. Although it does not cause permanent damage, it can reduce concentration and make a person feel fatigued, and may cause discomforting symptoms(discussed below)3.
Eye strain can present in different ways. Changes in vision or other signs may show that the eyes are tired or overworked. Common eye strain symptoms include:
These signs help people understand that they may have eye strain.
Eye strain can be caused by many different factors related to how we use our eyes, the lighting around us, our posture, and the health of our eyes. They include:
Other eye strain causes include dry eyes, uneven tear layers, or changes on the eye surface causing blurring and discomfort. Age, genetics, and individual differences also affect eye strain severity1.
Digital eye strain is a condition where prolonged use of digital screens causes eye and body discomfort. It can occur with computers, tablets, smartphones, and e-readers. According to the American Optometric Association, DES includes a group of vision problems and eye discomfort caused by extended screen use. Reports from The Vision Council show that nearly 70% of adults experience at least one symptom, highlighting how common this condition has become2.
Eye strain caused by screen use happens mainly because of how the eyes move and focus and problems related to dry eyes. Here are its common causes:
Digital eye strain affects both the eyes and other parts of the body. The symptoms may appear after long periods of screen use. The eye-related symptoms include:
Sometimes, excessive screen use can cause a condition called asthenopia, which just means eye fatigue. It includes eye strain symptoms like headaches, tired eyes, blurred vision, and dry eyes. Other body symptoms can include:
Digital eye strain is more likely to affect certain people because of their age, eye condition, screen habits, and environment. The main risk factors are:
Now that you understand what digital eye strain is, its causes, symptoms, and risk factors, you can take steps to protect your eyes and reduce discomfort during screen use.
Digital eye strain can be reduced by following proper eye care habits, correct screen use, and a healthy environment. They include
Following these habits can help reduce eye strain and keep the eyes comfortable. In the next section, we will see simple eye exercises for eye strain5.
Eye exercises help relax the eye muscles and improve comfort during long periods of screen use. These exercises are simple and can be done at home or school.
Sit comfortably and stretch one arm forward holding a card with an “X.” Move your arm slowly left and right while keeping your eyes on the “X.” Rest and repeat. Benefits: Improves focus, coordination, and may reduce screen-related eye strain.
Sit or stand relaxed, gently close your eyes, squeeze your eyelids tightly for five seconds, then relax. Repeat a few times. Benefits: Strengthens eye muscles, reduces tiredness, and promotes relaxation.
Keep your head still and look up, holding five seconds, then down, left, and right. Repeat slowly. Benefits: Enhances eye movement and flexibility, eases stiffness, and reduces fatigue.
Sit comfortably, open your eyes wide while raising your eyebrows. Hold for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat several times. Benefits: Activates eye muscles, boosts blood flow, and relieves discomfort6.
Practising these simple eye exercises for eye strain can support eye comfort, and in the next section, we will learn easy daily habits that can help protect the eyes from strain.
Eye strain can be prevented by following healthy habits, using screens correctly, and maintaining a comfortable environment. These include
Following these preventive steps can help protect the eyes and reduce discomfort caused by digital screens.
Eye strain usually temporary and gets better with rest and home care. But if it continues even after self-care, you should see a doctor3. Also, see a doctor if you have any of these:
Seeing a doctor makes sure there is no serious problem and helps keep your eyes healthy.
In today’s digital world, eye strain is common but usually goes away with rest. It happens because of long screen use, poor lighting, and dry eyes. Taking regular breaks, blinking often, keeping screens at a good distance, and doing simple eye exercises can help. Spending time outdoors and getting eye check-ups keeps eyes healthy. Persistent or severe symptoms should be checked by a doctor to rule out serious problems.
Also Read: Eye Pain: Causes, Treatment & Home Remedies
Eye strain is usually temporary. The discomfort and tiredness in the eyes often go away after resting or taking a break from screens. However, for people who use computers for long hours, these symptoms can happen frequently and last longer, sometimes affecting work or daily activities9.
Eye strain by itself does not cause floaters. Floaters are tiny spots or strings that move in your vision, caused by changes in the jelly inside your eye10. Using screens like phones, iPads, or LCDs, which can cause eye strain, may speed up these changes and make floaters more noticeable11.
Eye strain usually goes away after the eyes rest, as rest allows them to recover and symptoms gradually disappear3.
Some eye problems can have symptoms very similar to digital eye strain (DES). These include dry eye disease and uncorrected vision problems like needing glasses or having the wrong prescription. DES symptoms, such as eye irritation, tiredness, and blurred vision, can also overlap with these conditions12.
Yes, poor sleep quality can worsen digital eye strain symptoms. Being tired or having trouble sleeping makes the eyes more sensitive and easily strained during long periods of screen use13.
Eye strain alone usually does not cause vertigo and is mostly not related. Vertigo happens when the balance system in your ears and brain, which controls eye movements, is affected. Changes in eye movement, like nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movement), show how the balance system works. Eye strain may make your eyes feel tired, but it rarely leads to actual dizziness14.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
In today’s environment, especially with increased screen time, our eyes are more prone to dryness, redness, strain, and fatigue1. Pollution and airborne particles can further irritate the eyes, leading to itching, watering, or discomfort2. This makes eye hygiene an essential part of daily self-care.
One simple yet effective way to maintain eye hygiene is through proper eye cleaning. Simple, safe cleaning practices combined with healthy daily habits can go a long way in protecting your vision and keeping your eyes feeling fresh and healthy. In this article, we will discuss safe methods to clean your eyes and practical tips to maintain overall eye health.
Did you know that our eyes are self-cleaning organs? This means they are naturally capable of cleaning themselves through the production of tears and the act of blinking3. A continuous layer of tears (produced by glands in and around the eyelids) spreads across the surface of the eye every time we blink. This tear film keeps the eyes moist, helps wash away dust and debris, and protects against infection3,4.
However, there might be times when the eyes may need a little extra help. Prolonged screen time, excessive eye strain, and exposure to dust or foreign particles can overwhelm this natural cleaning system, leading to irritation, dryness, or discomfort. In such situations, safe eye-cleaning practices could be beneficial. Gentle and proper eye cleaning helps remove irritants, reduces the risk of infections, and keeps the eyes feeling comfortable and clear5,6. Therefore, maintaining good eye hygiene is not just about immediate relief, it also supports long-term eye health.
Did You Know
Below is a simple, safe, and effective way to clean your eyes at home:
Note: Avoid rinsing or flushing your eyes with water too frequently throughout the day, as this can wash away natural tears. These tears are rich in electrolytes and essential nutrients that help nourish and protect the cornea, the front surface of the eye4. As a routine practice, washing the eyes once or twice a day is usually sufficient, unless there is irritation or a specific need for additional cleaning.
Here are safe, practical ways to clean your eyes for everyday situations you may encounter, like dust exposure, screen fatigue, contact lens care, and cleaning children’s eyes.
Dust, smoke, or tiny particles can irritate the eye surface and make your eyes feel uncomfortable.
Staring at screens for long periods reduces blinking and dries out the eyes, causing discomfort.
Contact lenses require careful cleaning and handling to protect your eyes from irritation and infection.
Children’s eyes are delicate and easily irritated by dust, discharge, or debris.
Redness or mild irritation may occur due to allergies or chemical irritants (such as those found in makeup products).
Redness accompanied by discharge, stickiness, or discomfort may indicate a mild eye infection such as conjunctivitis (pink eye).
When cleaning eyes, certain habits can actually make irritation or infection worse rather than better. Here are key things you should avoid while cleaning your eyes:
Taking care of your eyes goes hand in hand with looking after your overall health. The following eye care tips can help protect your vision and keep your eyes healthy in the long run:
Include plenty of dark, leafy green vegetables like spinach, kale, and collard greens in your diet, as they support eye health. Food items rich in omega-3 fatty acids16, such as salmon, tuna, walnuts, and flaxseed, also help maintain healthy eyes. In addition, vitamin A-rich foods like carrots and sweet potatoes play an important role in supporting good vision14,17.
Wearing sunglasses when outdoors helps shield your eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, even on cloudy days. Choose sunglasses that block at least 99 to 100% of UVA and UVB radiation to reduce the risk of long-term eye damage15.
Prolonged screen use can cause eye strain and fatigue. Rest your eyes by following the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something about 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds14.
If you wear contact lenses, always wash your hands before handling them. Clean, disinfect, and replace lenses exactly as recommended to reduce the risk of eye infections5.
Also Read: Contact Lenses: Types, Uses, Safety, and Side Effects
Safety glasses or goggles should be worn during sports, home repairs, yard work, or activities where eye injury is possible. Protective eyewear helps prevent accidental eye trauma14,18.
Keeping laptops or mobile devices too close can strain the eye muscles and lead to fatigue. So, ensure your screen is at a comfortable distance (about 25 inches or an arm’s length away) to reduce eye strain9.
Eating a balanced diet and staying physically active supports not just your body but your eyes, too. A healthy lifestyle lowers the risk of conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, which can negatively affect vision over time18.
Smoking can harm eye health and increase the risk of conditions such as cataracts, macular degeneration, and optic nerve damage. Quitting smoking (or never starting) can significantly benefit your eyes14,18.
Routine comprehensive eye examinations help detect vision problems and eye diseases early, even before symptoms appear. Knowing your family’s eye health history can also help assess your risk for hereditary eye conditions14,18.
Most eye irritation is minor, but some symptoms need prompt medical care. Stay calm and seek help if you notice any of the following6:
Your eyes are delicate, hardworking organs that deserve regular care and attention. While they are naturally equipped to clean and protect themselves, everyday factors like dust, pollution, screen time, and strain may sometimes slow down this system. Therefore, practising safe eye-cleaning habits, protecting your eyes from injury and irritation, and adopting healthy daily routines can go a long way in maintaining clear, comfortable vision.
It is also important to know when not to self-manage and when to seek medical help. Additionally, paying attention to warning signs and acting early can help prevent complications and protect long-term eye health.
Also Read: How to Take Care of Your Eyes?
A good eye care routine includes keeping your hands clean, avoiding frequent eye rubbing, taking regular breaks from screens, wearing sunglasses outdoors, eating a balanced diet, and getting routine eye check-ups6,14,18. These simple habits help protect your eyes from strain, irritation, and long-term damage.
Water is the best drink for eye health, as it helps keep the eyes hydrated19. Drinks rich in antioxidants, such as fresh fruit or vegetable juices, can also support overall eye health when consumed in moderation17.
Sufficient oxygen supply is needed to keep the eye cells healthy, and good blood circulation can help with this. Regular physical activity, frequent blinking, screen breaks, and spending time outdoors all help improve oxygen flow to the eyes and reduce strain9,20.
Foods high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats should be limited21. This is because they can contribute to conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and inflammation, which may affect eye health over time14.
Vitamins such as A, C, and E are important for maintaining healthy vision, while nutrients like lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 fatty acids help protect the eyes from damage and support overall eye function17. However, these nutrients should ideally come from a balanced diet, and supplements should not be taken without consulting a doctor, as unnecessary or excessive supplementation may cause harm.
Fruits rich in vitamins and antioxidants, such as oranges, tangerines, grapefruit, lemons, cantaloupe and apricots, are especially beneficial for eye health17. They help protect the eyes and support long-term vision health.
1. Kaur K, Gurnani B, Nayak S, et al. Digital Eye Strain- A Comprehensive Review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022;11(5):1655-1680. doi:10.1007/s40123-022-00540-9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9434525/
2. Mandell JT, Idarraga M, Kumar N, Galor A. Impact of Air Pollution and Weather on Dry Eye. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):3740. doi:10.3390/jcm9113740. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233863/
3. How Tears Work | National Eye Institute. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.nei.nih.gov/eye-health-information/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work/how-tears-work?
4. Facts About Tears – American Academy of Ophthalmology. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
5. How to Prevent Pink Eye | Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) | CDC. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/prevention/index.html
6. Eye emergencies: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000054.htm
7. Fastest human muscle | Guinness World Records. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/420629-fastest-human-muscle
8. All About Emotional Tears – American Academy of Ophthalmology. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/all-about-emotional-tears
9. Digital Devices and Your Eyes – American Academy of Ophthalmology. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/digital-devices-your-eyes
10. Sheppard AL, Wolffsohn JS. Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2018;3(1):e000146. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000146. Available from: https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000146
11. Eye Infections | Conjunctivitis | Stye | MedlinePlus. Accessed February 5, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html
12. Conjunctivitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. Accessed February 5, 2026. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541034/
13. Eye burning – itching and discharge: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed February 5, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003034.htm
14.Keep Your Eyes Healthy | National Eye Institute. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.nei.nih.gov/eye-health-information/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work/keep-your-eyes-healthy
15. Taking Care of Your Eyes | Vision and Eye Health | CDC. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/prevention/taking-care-of-your-eyes.html
16.Omega-3 fats – Good for your heart: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed February 5, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm
17. 36 Fabulous Foods to Boost Eye Health. American Academy of Ophthalmology. November 21, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/fabulous-foods-your-eyes
18. Eye Care | Vision Care | MedlinePlus. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html
19. Akkara JD, Kuriakose A. Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9240575/
20. Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Deng C, Wang J. Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise and physical activity on eye health and ocular diseases. Front Med. 2024;11:1353624. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1353624. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38585147/
21.WHO EMRO – Limit fat, salt and sugar intake. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/reduce-fat-salt-and-sugar-intake/reduce-fat-salt-and-sugar-intake.html
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Intermittent fasting has gained widespread attention in recent years, with various approaches being discussed across health platforms. Among these, OMAD, which stands for “One Meal a Day”, has emerged as a popular pattern of eating. It is often described as a time-efficient approach that limits eating to one single meal a day and appeals to individuals seeking a structured routine or simplified meal planning.
But what exactly does this “OMAD diet” lifestyle involve, and is it as simple as it sounds? Let’s dive into the mechanics of the OMAD diet, how it differs from standard fasting, and why it has become such a hot topic in the health and wellness community.
The OMAD diet is a structured form of intermittent fasting in which food intake is limited to one main meal a day. Unlike other fasting approaches that involve skipping certain meals or eating within a certain time window, OMAD concentrates daily calorie and nutrient intake into one single meal.
The fundamental concept of the OMAD diet is that, by limiting your food intake to a single hour, you instinctively lower your calorie consumption while providing your digestive tract with a nearly 23-hour period of rest.
The one meal a day diet follows a 23:1 ratio, which breaks down as below:
After approximately 10 to 16 hours without food, the body exhausts its immediate sugar (glucose) stores and begins to break down fat for energy. As fat stores are utilised, the liver releases fatty acids called ketones into the bloodstream that serve as an alternative fuel source for the body2.
An OMAD diet plan may lead to an overall decrease in food intake, thus helping contribute to weight and fat loss.
While it is a rigorous regimen, some researchers highlight several physiological and lifestyle OMAD diet benefits, such as:
It may help reduce several risk factors for heart disease, including:
OMAD is popular for weight loss3 because it’s much harder to overeat in just one hour than it is when you’re snacking and eating meals throughout the entire day.
When you fast, your body’s chemical changes help your brain cells work better and become tougher, making them more resistant to stress, injury, and illness3.
Fasting is seen to help reduce pro-inflammatory markers (biological parameters that indicate inflammation) like C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, and interleukin-63.
Animal research suggests that longer fasting windows help lower overall bacteria levels, which is associated with better digestive health and a longer life4.
While the discipline required for OMAD diet is high, the combined benefits of mental clarity, digestive health, and effortless weight management make OMAD a compelling strategy for optimising health.
Some individuals may experience side effects due to the long fasting window in the OMAD diet. OMAD side effects include:
In one study6 on normal weight individuals, fasting was associated with increased hunger and reduced fullness, higher blood pressure, changes in cholesterol levels, and decreases in red blood cell count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit in some participants.
Consult a physician to determine if an OMAD regimen is appropriate for you and to mitigate potential health risks.
When following a One Meal a Day diet, the goal is to pack an entire day’s worth of nutrients into a single sitting. Because you only have one opportunity to eat, the best foods to include in your meal are nutrient-dense, high-fibre foods that are rich in healthy fats and protein to keep you full and sustain your energy for the next 23 hours. Here are some foods you can include in the OMAD meal:
Ultimately, the key to a successful OMAD journey is prioritising quality over quantity. By choosing nutrient-dense whole foods, you ensure that your one meal provides the sustained energy and nourishment your body needs to thrive during the fasting hours.
Note: After ending the OMAD plan, a gradual return to normal diet can help you avoid symptoms like nausea, vomiting, heaviness in the abdomen, and bloating. During this transition period, you should consume nutrient-dense foods that are high in vegetables and proteins and low in carbohydrates1.
When following the One Meal a Day protocol, your single meal must be a “powerhouse” of nutrition. Because you aren’t eating for the other 23 hours, this meal needs to cover your daily requirements for protein, healthy fats, fibre, and micronutrients. Make sure you drink at least 2 litres of water per day. You may also drink herbal/calorie-free infusions (e.g., chamomile or mint tea), unsweetened tea or black coffee, and sugar-free electrolytes or supplements.
To maintain their current weight, an average woman typically requires 2,000 calories daily, while an average man needs 2,500. For those looking to lose approximately one pound per week, these targets should be reduced to 1,500 calories for women and 2,000 calories for men1,9.
Diet Plan for Non-Vegetarians
| Menu | Dessert | Drink |
| Grilled chicken breast (200g), roasted sweet potato (1 medium), mixed vegetables (broccoli, carrots, bell peppers), side salad with olive oil and lemon dressing | Some mango slices | Water or herbal tea |
Diet Plan for Vegetarians
| Menu | Dessert | Drink |
| Quinoa (1 cup cooked), stir-fried tofu (150g), spinach, mushrooms, bell peppers, soy sauce and olive oil | Fresh figs with honey and almonds | Water or lemon tea |
Diet Plan for Vegans
| Menu | Dessert | Drink |
| 200 g tofu, Stir-fried vegetables of your choice (beans, mushroom etc.) in olive oil 0.5 cups white/brown rice | Dark chocolate and mixed nuts | Water or lemon tea |
This is a sample OMAD diet plan that you can customise to your preference. Feel free to add or remove items, but for the best results, ensure your total calorie intake remains within your target range.
Note: While you can schedule your daily meal at your convenience, some research suggests that an evening mealtime may yield the best outcomes.10 Regardless of when you eat, prioritise a balanced, nutrient-dense diet. Be sure to track your intake by checking food labels or using a reliable online calorie calculator.
While fasting can offer health benefits, it isn’t safe for everyone. It is essential to consult your doctor before starting, particularly if you:
Fasting significantly alters your body’s metabolic state. For those on medication, particularly for diabetes, fasting can lead to dangerous drops in blood sugar (hypoglycaemia).
It is normal to feel a little different when you change what you eat, but your body shouldn’t feel like it’s failing. Some symptoms, such as the following, are “warning signs” telling you that your diet is too stressful or missing the fuel you need to stay healthy.
If you notice any of these symptoms, please schedule an appointment with your doctor. They can help you adjust your plan to make sure you are reaching your goals safely and getting the nutrition your body needs to thrive.
Also Read: The Unknown Dangers of Extreme Diets!
The OMAD diet can be considered an effective tool for weight loss and metabolic discipline, particularly for healthy adults who prefer a simplified eating schedule and can manage long periods of hunger. It may work best for individuals looking to break through weight loss stalls or improve insulin sensitivity under medical supervision. However, because of its extreme nature, it is not a fit for all solution; its success depends entirely on the quality of nutrients consumed during that single hour and the individual’s ability to sustain the regimen without experiencing severe side effects.
Also Read: Calorie Deficit Diet: What Is It, How to Follow, Strategies and More!
Here are the 4 rules to be followed when on a OMAD diet
Consume a single daily meal.
Consume at least 2 litres of water a day.
Prioritise nutrient-rich foods.
Refrain from unscheduled snacking1.
OMAD diet is flexible and depends upon your specific lifestyle demands but evidence indicates that timing your single meal in the evening may optimise metabolic outcomes10.
Rather than jumping straight into a strict 23:1 schedule, beginners should ease into the process. Start with more flexible methods like 16:8 or the 5:2 approach to give your body time to adapt. This will help your body get used to the diet pattern14.
Doctors generally don’t recommend the OMAD diet because it’s very hard to get all your daily nutrients in just one sitting. If you aren’t strictly focused on nutrition, this eating pattern can cause health issues rather than solving them.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
We have all been there, you wake up one day and notice that your eyes are stinging. It feels like a grain of sand is stuck in your eyes, and no matter how much you blink, that burning feeling just won’t go away.
It’s an annoying, prickly burning sensation in eyes that can ruin your focus and make your eyes look red and tired. Usually, it is just our eyes telling us they need a break or some extra moisture, but sometimes there are other reasons too.
In this article, we will explore exactly why that stinging sensation happens by breaking down the most common burning eyes causes. You will also find some simple, quick fixes to soothe your eyes, along with clear warning signs to help you decide when it is time to stop reaching for eye drops and call a doctor instead.
Burning eyes can be defined as a form of ocular discomfort characterised by a stinging or sharp sensation in or around the eye. It often mimics the feeling of having a foreign object or irritant trapped on the eye’s surface, frequently accompanied by aching or throbbing1,2.
Essentially, it is your body’s way of saying the surface of your eye is irritated or inflamed.
Most of us have experienced that sharp, stinging sensation that makes us want to keep our eyes tightly shut. But have you ever wondered why do eyes burn? Here are some common causes for burning eyes:
Ultimately, burning eyes may be a clear signal that your eyes need a break or a bit of extra care. By identifying your specific triggers, whether it’s reducing screen time or avoiding known allergens, you can move away from daily discomfort and back toward clear, pain-free vision.
A burning sensation in your eyes can stem from a variety of underlying issues. While specific symptoms often depend on the root cause, some common burning eyes symptoms are as follows:
If you suspect an infection (pink eye) is the root cause of the burning pain, watch out for the following symptoms:
While many instances of eye burning are temporary reactions to environmental triggers or excessive screen time, persistent symptoms should never be ignored. If you experience sudden vision loss, severe pain, or symptoms that do not improve, it is essential to consult an eye care professional. Early diagnosis is the most effective way to protect your vision and find lasting relief from discomfort.
It is incredibly distracting when your eyes burn. Whether it is from looking at a screen for too long, seasonal allergies, or just dry air, getting some relief is usually a priority.
Here are some burning eyes remedies that you can follow at home:
Gently apply a clean, cool compress to the affected area. Cold compresses help to constrict blood vessels and numb the area slightly, which may provide relief from inflammation or allergies6.
To help clear away any build-up, gently press a warm, damp cloth against the affected area for several minutes. This process will effectively soften and loosen the crusts, making them much easier to wipe away without irritating your eyes1.
Applying cucumber slices has long been used as a supportive measure for soothing red, tired, or puffy eyes due to the anti-inflammatory properties of cucumber7. It also provides a refreshing, cooling sensation that helps soothe strain and irritation in eyes.
For burning or dry eyes, 4 to 6 applications of artificial tears daily may be an effective standard treatment1.
Flushing your eyes with normal saline or clean water can effectively soothe irritation and reduce burning caused by chemical exposure or allergens. This immediate irrigation helps neutralise the area by physically removing harmful substances from the eye’s surface8.
Proper hydration is vital for eye health. Since your body can’t produce adequate tears when dehydrated, drinking enough water ensures your system can maintain a stable, lubricating tear film to prevent dryness and burning9.
Prolonged screen time can reduce the number of times we blink our eyes. Blinking keeps the eyes evenly lubricated, thus helping avoid dryness and burning sensation. For this exercise, close your eyes, squeeze them shut firmly, and open them. Do 15 squeeze blinks three times a day10.
Note: While these burning eyes home remedies may provide comfort to a certain extent, remember that your vision is precious; if burning persists or is accompanied by pain, it’s always best to consult an eye care professional.
Treatment plans for burning eyes vary based on the underlying cause of your symptoms. Here is some eye burn treatment based on the diagnosis1,11,12:
Chronic conditions, such as dry eyes, may require ongoing management1. Treatment may be accompanied by supportive management like cold or hot compresses based on the condition. In most cases, you may see a gradual improvement and return to normal within 1 to 2 weeks. It is essential to follow your provider’s instructions.
It is always a good idea to keep a close watch on eye symptoms, as they can escalate quickly. Here are the specific red flags that indicate it is time to call your doctor:
If you are unsure, don’t wait for things to clear up on their own; reach out to an eye care specialist to ensure your symptoms are not masking a serious issue.
Also Read: Swollen Eyes: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Home Remedies, and Prevention
Burning eyes are usually your body’s way of saying you need a break or something is irritating you. Consistent use of these techniques may significantly decrease the frequency and intensity of eye discomfort to some extent.
Incorporating these tips into your lifestyle may help avoid eye discomfort and help keep your eyes refreshed, comfortable, and free from irritation.
Also Read: What Is Eye Strain and How Can You Reduce It in the Digital Age
The stinging, burning sensation in your eyes is a vital signal from your body that something like digital strain, environmental irritants, or an underlying health issue needs your attention. By practicing simple habits like the 20-20-20 rule, staying hydrated, and using soothing home remedies, you can manage minor discomforts and keep your vision clear. However, always remember that your eyes are delicate. If symptoms persist, or if you experience pain or vision changes, seeking professional medical advice is the most important step toward ensuring long-term ocular health and comfort.
Also Read: Eye Pain: Causes, Treatment & Home Remedies
Dry eye is one of the common burning eyes reasons that can cause a stinging or burning sensation. When your eyes lack proper lubrication, they become irritated and prone to inflammation.
Here are the key nutritional deficiencies that can lead to dryness of the eyes:
Omega-3 fatty acids: A lack of these healthy fats can increase inflammation and reduce the quality of the oil in your tears, leading to a burning sensation14.
Vitamin A: Maintaining adequate vitamin A levels is essential for tear production and overall corneal health14.
Vitamin B12: Deficiency of vitamin B12 may cause dryness in eyes15.
Vitamin D: Vitamin D deficiency may lead to dry eye syndrome15.
Burning eyes can be caused by many factors, like environmental irritants, allergic reactions, viral or bacterial infections, lifestyle strain from screens or contact lenses, and physical conditions like dry eye or systemic illness. If you are not sure about your cause, it is essential to consult a doctor1,3.
A burning sensation in the eyes is usually temporary, typically lasting from a few hours to several days, and often resolves independently or through simple home remedies when triggered by minor irritants. If you are on treatment, it may gradually reduce in 1-2 weeks1.
Yes. Poor sleep and conditions such as sleep apnoea can affect tear distribution and may lead to dry, irritated, or burning eyes, especially on waking.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Central obesity or belly fat, is the excess fat stored around your belly or abdomen. According to a meta-analysis of over 280 population-based studies worldwide, about 41.5% of people aged 15 years and older have central obesity1. The main reasons for this are changes in lifestyle such as a high calorie diet and reduced physical activity. Visceral fat, which is a type of belly fat, is more harmful as it is responsible for causing several diseases like diabetes and heart disease3. Due to the associated health risks and impact on appearance and confidence, belly fat has become a major concern for many individuals2.
A lot of people want to know how to lose belly fat. Here is the good news! In this article, we will discuss in detail about belly fat, its types and causes, exercises to lose belly fat, some tips for healthy weight loss and common mistakes you should avoid while trying to reduce your fat. So, let’s get started.
Belly fat has adipose tissue, which is basically fat cells. They store energy, cushion the body, and help regulate temperature. Based on the location, belly fats can be classified into two as, visceral belly fat and sub-cutaneous belly fat. These fats differ in structure, developmental patterns, and function4.
There are many factors which contribute to belly fat, which ultimately leads to obesity. Let us discuss them in detail.
Changes in the standard of living and globalisation contribute to unhealthy lifestyle that can lead to weight gain. Now-a-days people have longer siting hours, be it for work (in front of computers) or for recreation (like watching TV, playing video games). This combined with a lack of physical exercise increases the risk of developing belly fat. Regular exercise is important for reducing belly fat, especially the visceral fat which has a greater chance of causing serious diseases5.
Poor dietary habits are an important risk factor for belly fat gain. Eating more calories than required by the body causes excess calories to be stored as fat, leading to obesity6. Belly fat can increase due to the consumption of energy-dense, processed foods1. Greater consumption of foods that have saturated fat is another cause of belly fat. Limiting the consumption of food with added sugar is also important5.
Studies show a link between poor quality of sleep and an increase in body weight. Sleeping for less than 7 hours a night regularly might affect the hormones which control hunger5. This can make you overeat because your body does not recognise that you are full. This ultimately leads to belly fat gain.
Stress, whether long-term or short-term can influence your brain and trigger hormones like cortisol. These are the hormones that regulate energy and appetite5. Changes in these hormones can make you eat more, which can lead to weight gain5.
Genetics is also a cause of belly fat in many. Researchers have found about fifteen genes which can cause obesity7. People with certain genes are more likely to regain belly fat after weight loss, while the genes linked to overall body weight do not predict weight regain8. This says that genetics affects belly fat more than overall obesity8. Hence, in people with a history of belly fat, maintaining a healthy lifestyle might lower the risk of belly fat regain.
Some medicines can cause belly fat by affecting the signals which control your hunger. These include medicines like antidepressants, birth control pills, medicines used for autoimmune diseases, insulin etc5
Some health issues like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Cushing’s syndrome, hypothyroidism, depression etc can cause weight gain or belly fat gain6. Eating-disorders like binge-eating and bulimia are the other causes wherein people consume a large amount of food and lose their control. Treatments are necessary for all these conditions6.
While it is difficult to reduce fat from a particular region of the body and most exercises focus on overall weight reduction, some cardio, high intensity and core strength exercises as well as certain yoga asanas can help tone the abdominal muscles. It’s ideal to do a combination of these for best results. Following are some great exercises you can do:
When exercising, ensure to start with warming up and end with cooling down and always listen to your body, don’t overdo. Remember, proper technique is very important while doing any form of exercise not just to get the ideal results but to prevent oneself from injury or muscle strain. If you are beginner, it is best to practise these under a trained profession for proper guidance.
Achieving healthy weight loss requires a combination of lifestyle changes. Here are some simple tips that you can follow to manage your belly fat.
Even small mistakes can slow down your progress. Below are some common errors to avoid when trying to lose fat.
Also Read: Walking Backwards: Benefits, Precautions & How to Do It
There are many factors influencing belly fat such as genetics, lifestyle, medical issues, environmental factors like stress etc, however, opting for the right approach can help manage this. Choosing balanced nutrition, staying active, sleeping well, and avoiding common mistakes are the basic things that you have to follow for a healthier body and mind. Although it is difficult to lose fat from a particular body part, combining cardio with HIIT and strength-building exercises focussing on the core can help with overall weight loss and toning of the abdominal muscles. Remember, consistency, patience, and sustainable habits are the key to long-term success when it comes to fat loss.
Also Read: How To Lose Face Fat At Home Naturally
Measure your waist to check your visceral fat. Your waist circumference (perimeter) tells how much fat surrounds your organs. For females, it is 80 cm and for males, it is 95 cm. A waist measure greater than these are clear sign of health issues3.
A 5-minute warm-up is essential before you start your cardio workout. This will prepare you heart muscles to gently into exercise and will reduce injuries9.
Taking enough calories for your workouts, proper fluid intake, cutting your workouts if you feel stressed, resting at least 6 hours before workouts are some methods to prevent your body from getting over strained25.
Dancing not only helps with weight management but also improves heart and lung functions. It can boost your mental health, self-confidence, self-esteem, and social skills. Anybody of any age can enjoy dance as a sport or hobby. Plus, there are several options you can choose from such as Zumba, Ballet, Hip-hop etc. Here are some tips you should follow if you practise dancing:
Drink enough water before you start.
Take proper rest between dance sessions.
Do warm-up before you start dancing.
Cool down your body with stretches after dancing29.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
