PharmEasy Blog

High Platelet Count: Unraveling the Causes and Implications

Key Highlights: 

Introduction 

In this article, we will explore what platelets are and their functions. See where high platelet count could come from, what issues it can cause, and how we test for it. We’ll even provide a guide on how to manage it. All while exploring the importance of staying healthy and proactive.  

What are Platelets? 

Role of platelets in the body 

Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are small. But they play a big role in stopping blood loss after injury. 

When you get a cut, platelets bind together to form a plug. This is called clotting. It helps to stop bleeding. 

Platelets also help wounds repair. They release growth factors that help your body recover quicker. 

Platelet count and its significance 

The normal platelet count falls between 150,000 to 450,000 per microliter of blood.  

Your healthcare provider may suggest a platelet count blood test. This test helps find how many platelets are in your blood. Weird platelet levels could point to health issues that need extra tests or solutions. 

Did you know?

Causes of High Platelet Count 

High platelet count falls into two groups: reactive thrombocytosis and essential thrombocythaemia. 

1. Reactive thrombocytosis 

Most often high platelets come from reactive thrombocytosis. This means having high plates due to an existing health issue. Some sources of reactive thrombocytosis are: 

2. Infections 

Certain kinds of bacteria are common culprits. These include MRSA and Escherichia coli to name a few. 

3. Chronic inflammatory diseases 

Diseases like COPD and lupus can also force platelet numbers up. 

4. Allergic conditions 

Conditions linked to allergies, like hay fever or food allergies, can increase platelet counts. 

Low red blood cells and  haemoglobin can send platelet numbers up. This happens with iron-deficiency  anaemia and hemolytic  anaemia. 

The absence of the spleen can also cause high platelets. This can be because of surgery or the spleen not working right. 

5. Medications 

Some drugs disrupt the normal balance of blood cells. This can lead to high platelets. Such drugs include certain beta-lactum antibiotics and corticosteroids. 

6. Post-surgery or trauma 

Injuries or surgeries can also cause reactive thrombocytosis as the body tries to repair the wounds. 

7. Essential  thrombocythaemia 

This is also known as primary thrombocytosis. It happens when there’s excess platelet production in the bone marrow. No clear cause for this can be found. It’s not common, but some gene changes are linked to it. 

About half of those with essential thrombocythaemia have a specific JAK2 gene change. This plays a big part in causing this disorder. 

Essential thrombocythaemia is seen as a rare blood cancer. Too many platelets are made in this condition. 

Symptoms of High Platelet Count 

Common symptoms 

Tiredness is one. Doing day-to-day tasks could be difficult. It also impacts the overall quality of life. 

Headache is another sign. It can make you uncomfortable. Sometimes, it might even be very painful. 

Some people also report dizziness. This can disrupt balance and coordination. 

Severe conditions 

In some cases, high platelet counts can cause more serious health problems. These include the following.

A high platelet count can increase the risk of blood clots forming. These clots can cause dangerous health problems like a heart attack or a stroke. 

While rare, very high platelet counts can cause weird bleeding. This can be things like nosebleeds or bloody stools. 

The majority of thrombocytosis cases are identified around age 60. Essential thrombocythemia is diagnosed in women twice as frequently as in men.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D

Complications Associated with High Platelet Count 

Those with a high platelet count face certain risks. These include: 

Blood clots due to high platelet count can cause heart attacks or strokes. These need quick medical help and can be deadly if not treated. 

If an expecting mother has an uncontrolled high platelet count, risks are increased. These risks are miscarriage, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and premature birth. This is why regular tests and the right medical care are vital. 

In rare cases, essential thrombocythaemia can turn into blood cancers or disorders. These include  leukaemia and other rare blood disorders. Quick action can lessen these risks. 

To my knowledge, thrombocytopenia (increased platelet count) is commonly seen in both mild and serious dengue conditions. One should consult their doctors to analyse the blood test reports precisely.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Diagnosis of High Platelet Count 

Once a high platelet count is found via blood tests, your healthcare provider will suggest further tests. These might include the following. 

1. Laboratory tests 

A CBC test looks at all blood cells. This includes white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. 

A blood smear lets doctors see cells under a microscope.  

2. Imaging studies 

An ultrasound can help  detect any issues with organs like the liver or spleen. Things to look out for are swelling or inflammation. 

In some cases, a CT scan is needed to look at organs in more detail. 

Also, an MRI could be used to get a clear picture of the organs and vessels. 

3. Bone marrow biopsy 

The final step might be a bone marrow biopsy. This means taking a small sample of bone marrow for checking. Doing this can see how cells grow and if there are signs of disease. 

Also Read: How To Increase Platelet Count Naturally

Management Options for High Platelet Count 

1. Addressing the underlying cause 

Any infections might need antibiotics or antiviral drugs. Treating them can lower high platelets. 

Proper control of long-term health problems may have a positive impact on high platelets. 

2. Medications 

These drugs may help avoid blood clots in those with high platelets. 

Blood thinners may also help lower the chances of blood clots. They disrupt the body’s ability to clot blood. 

3. Lifestyle changes and self-care 

Having a regular workout may keep you healthy and your blood flowing smoothly. 

Eating a varied, healthy diet may help your body fight off illness. It also supports overall wellness. 

Paying attention to reduce stress may help lessen platelet count and function. This could be through things like meditation or therapy. 

Measures to reduce the Risk 

Getting medical check-ups on a regular schedule helps to track your health. This helps notice issues early and work on them. 

Keeping a balanced life with good exercise, diet, and stress control may keep off many health issues. 

Working quickly on any health concerns  reduces risks. Therefore, don’t wait before talking to your healthcare provider if anything seems off. 

Conclusion 

In short, it’s really important to know about and manage high platelet count for overall health. Being proactive in your health, including regular doctor visits, healthy living, and quick action is key. With all the information in this article, you’re now better equipped.  

Also Read: Natural Blood Thinners: Research-Based Guide for Safe Alternatives

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

What does it mean if your platelets are high? 

A high platelet count, or thrombocytosis, means more than normal platelets are in your blood. This might point to a deeper health concern or it could be just a reaction to infection, inflammation, or a temporary issue. 

Is 500 a high platelet count? 

Yes, 500 (or 500,000 per microliter) is seen as a high count. This is because normal levels are from 150,000 to 450,000 per microliter of blood. 

What is the alarming level of platelets? 

Any count above 450,000 per microliter is worrisome. The severity of the situation depends on the root cause and any possible health issues. Concerns might include a higher risk of blood clots or bleeding issues. 

What cancers cause high platelet count? 

Several cancer types have been linked to high platelets. These include ovarian, lung, and breast cancer as well as some other types like lymphoma and leukaemia. 

When should I be concerned about high platelet count? 

It’s time to worry if a high platelet count comes with signs like tiredness, headache, dizziness, blood clots, or bleeding. Speaking to your healthcare provider is vital to find out the root cause and what therapy might help. 

Can a high platelet count cause blood clots? 

High platelets can increase the risk of blood clots being formed. This can lead to serious problems like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, heart attack, and stroke. 

How is a high platelet count diagnosed? 

High platelets are often first found via laboratory tests like a CBC. Further tests like a CT scan or bone marrow biopsy might be used if required.  

What are some common symptoms of high platelet count? 

The most common signs of high platelets are fatigue, headache, and dizziness. But that being said, many times there are no symptoms. And people find out in routine blood checks. 

References: 

  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Etiology of Thrombocytosis in a General Medicine Population: Analysis of 801 Cases With Emphasis on Infectious Causes – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3513424 
  1. World Health Organization (WHO). Anaemia [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#tab=tab_1 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Thrombocytosis following splenectomy: with or without additional organ resection [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580653 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Thrombocytopenia [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542208 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Platelet function and ageing – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4935731 
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Are You At Risk for Clots? [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/features/blood-clot-risk.html#:~:text=Who%20is%20at%20risk%20for,can%20increase%20a%20person’s%20risk. 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

8

Normal Platelet Count: Understanding the Research-Based Range

Key Highlights: 

Introduction 

A healthy platelet count is a vital aspect of our overall health, as it helps our blood clot appropriately in response to injury. Understanding the normal range of platelets is essential in detecting any imbalances or deviations from the norm that could lead to complications. 

In this article we will delve into the world of platelet counts, providing valuable information about what constitutes a normal range, as well as the factors that can affect these counts. We will explore the causes and symptoms of abnormal platelet counts and discuss diagnostic and management options available. Lastly, we will touch upon the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on platelet counts and how to maintain good health. 

Did you know?

Overview of Platelets and Their Function 

Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, play a significant role in maintaining our health by facilitating blood clotting and wound repair. 

What are platelets? 

These colourless, disc-shaped cell fragments are produced in the bone marrow and lack a nucleus. They are critical for our body’s blood clotting process. 

Formation of platelets 

Our bone marrow produces platelets in a process named megakaryopoiesis. These platelets come from larger cells known as megakaryocytes. They break off tiny fragments as they mature and form platelets. 

Functions of platelets in the body 

Platelets perform several key roles, which are as follows.  

How do platelets stop bleeding? 

When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets become active. They stick to the injured area and form a  patch. They then release blood clot forming chemicals. The result is a blood clot that stops the wound from bleeding and helps it heal. 

Understanding Normal Platelet Count 

It is important to know the normal range for platelet count and what factors may change this count. 

Normal platelet range for adults and children 

The normal count of platelets in both adults and kids falls between 150,000 and 450,000/mcL of blood. But research shows some small differences based on whether you’re male or female. 

Factors influencing the platelet count 

Things like age, gender, genes, and health issues can all affect platelet count.  

Platelet count blood tests 

A complete blood count (CBC) test can provide vital data about your platelets. 

Usually, a health worker will take some blood from a vein in your arm to measure the platelet count. Then the sample goes to a laboratory for analysis. The test checks how many platelets are in your blood on average. 

You may have an inherited or acquired platelet disease such as Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS) if the findings of your platelet function test are abnormal. You may inherit genetic illnesses from your family. Although the abnormalities exist from birth, symptoms might not appear until later in life. Disorders that are acquired do not exist at birth. They might be brought on by medications, environmental exposure, or other illnesses. There are instances where the cause is unclear.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D

Causes of Abnormal Platelet Counts 

Abnormal platelet counts can be a result of a few things. This could be because of health issues, medicine, and various other causes. 

Low platelet count (Thrombocytopenia) 

If your platelet count dips below 150,000/mcL, this is known as thrombocytopenia. The cause might be that the body isn’t making enough platelets or too many platelets might be destroyed or stored up in certain organs. 

1. Problems with bone marrow 

Conditions like aplastic anaemia or certain types of cancers may affect platelet production. 

2. Fast destruction of platelets 

Several health issues can make the body destroy platelets at a quick pace,  they are as follows.  

3. Medicines and substances that can cause a low platelet count 

Some drugs and substances may affect platelet production or how they work. These include the following.

High platelet count (Thrombocytosis) 

A platelet count above 450,000/mcL is known as thrombocytosis. This count could be due to an innate issue with the bone marrow or it could be due to an external factor or another health problem. 

1. Causes of high platelet counts 

A few things can result in high platelet counts.  These are as follows.  

Symptoms of Abnormal Platelet Counts 

The signs that point to abnormal platelet counts can be different. It depends on whether the platelet count is high or low. 

Low platelet count symptoms 

Signs of thrombocytopenia could include the following.  

Petechiae 

Petechiae are tiny red or purple dots that can appear on the skin when platelet count is low. They may look like a rash. Usually, they’re spotted on the lower legs. 

When to see a doctor? 

If you notice signs of thrombocytopenia, it’s good to  discuss with your doctor. Unstoppable bleeding calls for immediate medical help. 

High platelet count symptoms 

Often, people with a high platelet count don’t notice any symptoms. But sometimes, those with thrombocytosis may have abnormal bruising or bleeding. They might show signs similar to a stroke. 

Diagnosis and Manangement of Abnormal Platelet Counts 

Finding the cause of an odd platelet count is key to manage it well. 

How is a low platelet count diagnosed? 

To find out if a person has a low platelet count, a health expert will perform a physical examination following taking a medical history. They’ll also review the person’s medical past. Further tests like blood tests or bone marrow aspiration and biopsy may be needed. 

1. Physical examination 

During the physical examination, the doctor will look for evidence of bruising, petechiae, or an enlarged spleen. 

2. Medical history 

Finding out about the person’s past health history and family history can help to identify possible causes. This can include medicines, a family history of bleeding disorders, or certain health problems. 

3. Tests 

Blood tests such as a CBC, platelet antibodies, and blood smear tests, can offer critical data about one’s platelet count. Sometimes, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are needed to assess platelet production. 

These tests can check platelet count and provide more detail about underlying causes. 

An ultrasound may be performed if there is a suspicion of an enlarged spleen. 

A health expert may do a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. This is to look into platelet production and find the cause of a low platelet count. 

Management for low and high platelet count 

Management for unusual platelet counts will depend on how severe the condition is and its root cause. Management options may include the following.  

1. Guide to managing the condition 

For individuals with abnormal platelet counts, a good way to manage it could be by avoiding risky activities that may cause them some kind of cuts that may bleed. They could also keep track of their platelet levels regularly and they may need to change their diet or way of life. 

2. Screening 

Regular visits to the doctor  and blood tests on time may help detect abnormal platelet counts early. Discussing personal and family histories and any medicines or health aids being taken with the doctor is also very important. This can help find possible causes and make informed decisions about  management. 

Complications and Risks Associated with Abnormal Platelet Counts 

Abnormal platelet counts can result in serious, even life-threatening, problems. 

Issues that come from low platelet count 

If a person’s platelet count falls below 10,000/mcL, dangerous internal bleeding can happen. Severe thrombocytopenia can lead to bleeding in the brain. This can be deadly. 

Problems that come from high platelet count 

When platelet count is too high, it can cause blood clots to form. This can lead to deep vein thrombosis, blockage in the lung (pulmonary embolism), or stroke. These can be life-threatening  as well. 

The Impact of COVID-19 on Platelet Count 

As the COVID-19 pandemic goes on, it’s key to be aware of its possible impact on platelet count and overall health. 

How the virus may affect platelet count? 

Studies show that if we have a mild COVID-19 infection, the platelet count may increase. But if the illness is severe, our platelet count may decrease. It’s a critical part of overall health. 

Monitoring and management during the pandemic 

Regular visits and consultations with health personnel, as well as sticking to public health rules, may help watch and keep platelet counts. This may help with general health during these troubled times. 

Also Read: How To Increase Platelet Count Naturally

Conclusion 

Understanding the importance of keeping a healthy platelet count is crucial for best health. If we understand the signs of abnormal platelet counts and seek timely medical advice, we may be able to manage any health issues impacting our platelets. 

With the right knowledge and sticking to public health rules, we can keep watching our platelet counts.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

What are normal platelet levels? 

Usually, platelet count for adults and kids is between 150,000 and 450,000/mcL of blood. 

What is an unsafe platelet count? 

An unsafe platelet count will depend on your unique conditions. But in general, a count below 150,000/mcL is low and raises bleeding risks. A count above 450,000/mcL is high and raises clot formation risks. 

Is 120 a low platelet count? 

Yes, having a platelet count of 120,000/mcL is low. The normal range is between 150,000 and 450,000/mcL. But a slightly low count may not show symptoms or need urgent medical care. It’s advised to go see your doctor for personal guidance. 

Is 70 a low platelet count? 

Yes, a count of 70,000/mcL is low as it’s below the normal range of 150,000 to 450,000/mcL. This count points to thrombocytopenia and raises the risk of bleeding. Always consult a health expert to find the cause and the right  management.  

References: 

  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Thrombocytopenia [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542208 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Platelet function and ageing – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4935731 
  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Mechanism Action of Platelets and Crucial Blood Coagulation Pathways in Hemostasis – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767294 
  1. ScienceDirect. Your Browser is out of date. [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702051012000662 
  1. ScienceDirect. Your Browser is out of date. [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781437717389000177 
  1. PubMed. Laboratory testing for platelet antibodies [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23757218 
1

Exploring the Link: What Type of Cancer Causes Low Hemoglobin Levels?

Key Highlights:

Introduction

Did you know that some of the very commonly tested parameters of routine blood tests can indicate a serious underlying illness like cancers. Uncovering this connection can help in early diagnosis and prompt treatment for many. 

Let’s start this journey together. We’ll talk about what hemoglobin is and why it matters. We’ll look at different cancers, and how cancers can lead to low hemoglobin levels? We will discuss treatments and their effects, symptoms to watch for, coping methods, and long-term outcomes.

Understanding Haemoglobin and its Importance

Haemoglobin is made up of iron(haem) and protein (globin). It takes oxygen to all parts of your body. Without it, our organs couldn’t work like they’re supposed to.

The Connection Between Anaemia and Cancer

Now, let’s link anemia and cancer together. We’ll look at it from a medical angle. Why do anemia and cancer often go hand-in-hand?

Why is Anemia Linked to Cancer?

Iron deficiency anemia lowers the number of healthy red blood cells. This kind of anemia often goes with cancer. Some cancers affect the quality and quantity of red blood cells, leading to anemia. Also, chemotherapy can slow down the making of new blood cells.

Low haemoglobin levels can be caused by various cancers, including leukaemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. These types of cancers can cause anaemia by destroying or preventing the production of healthy red blood cells. However, even cancer treatment produces low haemoglobin because the drugs used help cancer cause bone marrow suppression.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka – MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

Did you know ?

  • Anemia is a common side effect in cancer patients, caused by factors such as the cancer itself, cancer treatment, and blood loss. Source: cancer.org
  • Symptoms of anemia include fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, dizziness, and extreme tiredness.Source: cancer.org
  • Blood transfusions can quickly relieve symptoms of anemia, but they carry risks such as transfusion reactions and infections.Source: cancer.org
  • Low hemoglobin levels in WIC women participants can indicate anemia, which can lead to complications.Source: ibis.health.utah.gov
  • Tips for treating iron-deficiency anemia include consuming foods high in vitamin C. Source: ibis.health.utah.gov

Low Hemoglobin: Causes and Indications

Low hemoglobin is a complex issue, with each part telling a different story. We need to separate naturally low levels from those tied to diseases or conditions.

A small dip in hemoglobin levels doesn’t always ring alarm bells. For example, women who are menstruating or pregnant often have lower hemoglobin counts.These can be managed well with adequate diet and iron supplements prescribed by a doctor.

Other causes can be-

  1. Chronic infection – tuberculosis
  2. Acute infection – dengue, malaria
  3. Worm infestations
  4. Spleen related problems
  5. Poor absorption of dietary iron due to chronic illnesses
  6. Poor nutritional intake of iron
  7. Excessive Bleeding
  8. Kidney disease

By exploring specific diseases and conditions, we gain more insight into low hemoglobin and its link to various cancers.

Low Hemoglobin and Various Cancer Types

Let’s get into how low hemoglobin and different cancers are intertwined.

1. Blood and Bone Marrow Cancers

These kinds of cancers attack the making and working of blood cells, resulting in anaemia. Blood cells are made by the bone marrow; when cancer affects the bone marrow, it starts producing abnormal numbers and poor quality blood cells which fail to perform their functions.

2. Cervical Cancer

In cases of cervical cancer, abnormal cell growth in the cervix can lead to bleeding, iron deficiency, and anemia.

3. Colon Cancer

Colon cancer can cause anemia by making tumors grow on or in red blood cell-carrying vessels. Colo-rectal cancers often lead to bleeding which may be a reason for anemia due to  blood loss.

4. Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer messes with the making of a hormone called erythropoietin, which helps in the production of red blood cells. This leads to anemia.

5. Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer can cause bleeding leading to anemia. It can also affect the production of red blood cells if it spreads to the bones.

The table below discusses how each cancer type could be connected to low hemoglobin.

Cancer TypeAssociation with Low Hemoglobin
Blood and Bone MarrowAffects the production and workings of red blood cells.
CervicalCauses bleeding and iron deficiency leading to anemia.
ColonCauses tumor formation leading to anemia.
KidneyInterferes with red blood cell production resulting in anemia.
ProstateCan cause bleeding and affect red blood cell production.

Cancers and the associated chemotherapies are a common cause of inflammation and a consequent reduced red blood cell count amounting to reduced haemoglobin. On the other hand,  kidney cancer, liver cancer, and polycythemia vera — a rare type of blood cancer can cause a rise in haemoglobin levels.

Dr Ashish Bajaj – M.B.B.S, M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Diagnosing Anemia and Cancer

To diagnose both anemia and cancer, a medical check-up, including blood tests, is the first thing to do. Based on this, further tests may be needed.

To treat anemia and cancer, using the right mix of medication and personal habit changes is key.

Treating Anemia

Consult a hematologist if you suffer from very low hemoglobin levels. Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications rich in iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12, contingent on the root cause. Severe cases may necessitate blood transfusions.

1. Surgical Options

If there’s a lot of bleeding, surgery to cure the underlying cause of bleeding may be suggested.

2. Medications

For iron-deficiency anemia, iron pills, tonic or intravenous iron  might be given. If it’s due to a B12 or folate shortage, vitamin pills are also suggested.

3. Blood Transfusions

If the body isn’t responding to other treatments or if your child loses a lot of blood, a blood transfusion may be an option.

Treating Cancer

Consult a hemoato-oncologist or nearest cancer hospital if your primary healthcare provider suspects cancer. Cancer treatment may require multi-dimensional approaches to control the spread of cancer.

1. Surgery Options

Surgery is a common treatment option for cancer that involves the removal of tumors or cancerous tissues from the body. Depending on the type, size, and stage of cancer, surgical procedures can vary from minimally invasive techniques to more extensive operations. Surgery aims to eliminate or reduce the spread of cancer and can be curative or used to relieve symptoms.

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a systemic cancer treatment involving the use of powerful drugs to destroy or inhibit the growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells. These drugs can target cancer cells throughout the body, even those that have spread. Chemotherapy is administered through various methods such as intravenous infusions, oral pills, or injections. While effective at killing cancer cells, it can also affect healthy cells, leading to side effects like nausea, fatigue, and hair loss.

3. Targeted Therapy

They are often used in combination with other treatments and are tailored to the patient’s unique genetic and molecular profile. Targeted therapy aims to disrupt cancer’s progression by interfering with specific cellular processes critical for its survival and growth.

4. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is an innovative cancer treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. It involves using substances, such as checkpoint inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies, to stimulate the immune response against cancer. Immunotherapy aims to overcome the strategies cancer cells use to evade detection and destruction by the immune system.

5. Radiotherapy

This uses radiowaves targeted at the affected region of body to destroy cancerous cells. 

An oncologist can advise the best suited course of treatment depending on the type and stage of cancer.

In the tables below, treatment options for anemia and cancer are summarized.

Anemia TreatmentExplanation
Surgical OptionsCould address issues with extreme bleeding
MedicationsIron, B12, or folate supplements could correct deficiencies
Blood TransfusionsCould replace lost blood or cases that aren’t responding
Cancer TreatmentExplanation
Surgery OptionsDepending on cancer type and stage
ChemotherapyUses drugs to kill cancer cells
Targeted TherapyTargets changes in cancer cells helping them grow
ImmunotherapyStrengthens the body’s natural defenses to combat cancer
RadiotherapyKills cancerous cells

Derranged haemoglobin and other counts in a CBC are often helpful in leading the diagnosis of cancers, especially the ones related to blood cells and bone marrow. Unusually low or high counts of blood cells n CBC should be discussed with a doctor without delay.

Dr. Arpit Verma, MBBS, MD (Pharmacology)

The Effects of Cancer Treatments on Hemoglobin

Treating cancer, especially with chemotherapy, can sometimes lead to lower hemoglobin levels.

Consequences of Cancer Treatment

Chemotherapy affects all fast-growing cells, which include those in the bone marrow that make new blood cells. This can also cause anaemia.

Addressing Anemia Post- Cancer Treatment

After treatment, managing anemia well becomes essential. Quick recovery might mean changing one’s diet, more iron or vitamin B12 supplements, and even blood transfusions if needed.

The Long-Term Perspective and Coping Strategy

Handling anemia while dealing with cancer is more like a marathon than a sprint. Let’s look at long-term views and effective coping strategies.

Coping with Cancer and Anemia

Dealing with anemia while fighting cancer is doubly hard. From detailed diet changes to keeping a positive mindset, every little thing helps.

Outlook for Patients Dealing with Both Conditions

Patients dealing with both anemia and cancer will have different long-term outcomes based on cause and severity. Good follow-up and customized care plans can make a major difference.

Here’s a diagram summarizing these strategies:

StrategyApplication
CopingChanges in diet, staying positive
OutlookFollow-up, custom care plans

Conclusion

This deep dive into the link between low hemoglobin and various cancers highlights an overlooked but key connection. The symptoms and disease paths often overlap. So, discussing anemia and cancer together is vital. We need input from doctors, researchers, and patients.

Emphasizing the Importance of Regular Check-ups and Cancer Screenings

Regular check-ups and regular cancer checks can find problems early. Knowing early can lead to better treatment results and outcomes.

The Vital Role of Awareness and Timely Medical Intervention

At the end of the day, clear communication bridges the gap between how we see things and how they are. Knowledge paves the way for prevention, accurate diagnoses, and successful treatment.

In conclusion, with this post, we’ve aimed to explain a complex but crucial connection between low hemoglobin and various kinds of cancer. An understanding of this topic, along with insights from your healthcare provider, can help you handle these conditions in an informed and proactive manner. So, keep learning, stay alert, and face challenges head-on.

Also Read: What Causes High Red Blood Cell Count: Insights Into Hematological Disorders

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

Does low hemoglobin indicate cancer?

Not always. While many types of cancer can lead to low hemoglobin levels, many other non-cancerous conditions can also cause anemia.

Can hemoglobin levels suggest specific types of cancer?

Yes, certain cancers link more strongly with anemia. These mainly consist of blood, bone marrow, cervical, colon and kidney cancer.

What diseases are often associated with low hemoglobin?

Non-cancerous conditions that link to low hemoglobin include heavy menstrual bleeding, autoimmune diseases, chronic diseases, vitamin and iron deficiencies, and inherited blood problems.

Is low Hemoglobin a sign of leukemia?

While leukemia can cause anemia, having slightly low hemoglobin does not necessarily mean you have leukemia. It’s important to get a correct diagnosis from a doctor.

Can the treatment of cancer cause a further drop in hemoglobin?

Yes, especially chemotherapy, as it has an effect on all cells that grow quickly, including red blood cells. So, chemotherapy often results in anemia.

References:

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Kinds of Cancer [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/kinds.htm
  2. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Iron deficiency in cancer patients – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5119669
  3. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Anemia [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499994
  4. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Primary Bone Cancer [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560830
  5. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Preoperative anemia in colorectal cancer: relationships with tumor characteristics, systemic inflammation, and survival – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5773501
  6. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Most bowel cancer symptoms do not indicate colorectal cancer and polyps: a systematic review – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3120795
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Screening Tests [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/prevention/screening.htm
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). What Should I Know About Screening? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening.htm
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). What Should I Know About Screening? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/screening
  10. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836595
  11. American Cancer Society. Kinds of Blood Product Transfusions [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/blood-transfusion-and-donation/what-are-transfusions.html
  12. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Anemia and Functional Disability in Older Adults with Cancer – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4832423
  13. American Cancer Society. Low Red Blood Cell Counts (Anemia) [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/low-blood-counts/anemia.html
  14. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Bone marrow microenvironment as a regulator and therapeutic target for prostate cancer bone metastasis – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5807175/
  15. American Cancer Society. What Is Bone Cancer? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/bone-cancer/about/what-is-bone-cancer.html

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Safety Measures During Floods: DOs and Don’ts

Introduction

Recently, the cyclone in Chennai led to a flood-like situation, creating a lot of hassle and disruption in people’s daily lives. Apart from materialistic losses, flooding of water brings with it various health risks like an increase in vector-borne diseases, typhoid, jaundice, snakebites, electrocution, etc. While the government and local authorities are doing their very best to improve their alert and evacuation systems, making them more efficient, people are also expected to follow certain preventive measures for floods so that their well-being is not compromised.

How to Prepare Before a Flood?

The following are certain flood precautionary measures that you should consider prior to a heavy downpour.

What to Do During a Flood?

When a flood situation arises in a region, you should abide by the following measures in order to avoid panic and chaos:

What to do After the Flood?

This is a scenario where everything, including your home, is flooded. There are many dangers, so you need to keep in mind a few things:

How to Clean and Repair Home

Post a flood, cleaning and repairing one’s home is a very important first step with respect to returning to normal life:

How to Maintain Health & Hygiene

Conclusion

If you live in a zone or area which is prone to flooding every year, you should stay well-informed about the types of flooding that can impact and harm your home and community. Such flooding includes river floods, flash floods, coastal floods, storm surges and more. A flood situation can be violent and cause immense damage to public property and health. So, it is important that on the individual level, you need to take proper and necessary flood safety measures to protect your life, health and your home and belongings.

Make sure to keep a check on your neighbours and also help those in need. 

Disclaimer: The information included on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional. Because of unique individual needs, the reader should consult their physician to determine the appropriateness of the information for the reader’s situation.

4

Jungle Jalebi Fruit: Uses, Benefits And Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction 

We have almost forgotten the rich history and ancient wisdom that our grandparents and great-grandparents have passed down to us regarding the Indian traditional system of medicine called Ayurveda. Ancient pieces of literature like ‘vedas’ tell us about the use of medicinal plants or the healing properties of herbs. One such plant of high nutritive and medicinal value is Pithecellobium dulce which belongs to the Fabaceae family; the fruit obtained from this plant is called ‘jungle jalebi’. These fruits are widely distributed in India, Australia, South Africa and other parts of Asia. They are found during summers on thorny tall trees. The fruit has red and white flesh and black seeds inside. It is commonly known as hill tamarind. In Hindi, it is known as ‘dakhani babool’, it is called as ‘vilayatichinch’ in Marathi, ‘vilayati ambli’ in Gujarathi. In this article, we will learn all that you need to know about jungle Jalebi fruit, including its health benefits, side effects, precautions and considerations that need to be taken if you plan to take this fruit.1,2 

Nutritional Value of Jungle Jalebi Fruit 

Jungle jalebi fruit is rich in a variety of compounds, like carbohydrates, fats, proteins and dietary fibres and minerals like calcium, potassium, phosphorus and iron. Phytochemicals like saponins, flavonoids and phenols are also present in this fruit. The nutritional composition of this fruit is given in the table below: 

Nutritional components Value per 100g 
 Carbohydrates 76.87 g  
 Protein 12.4 g  
 Dietary fibre 1.3 g  
 Fats 0.24 g  
 Potassium 0.2 g 
 Phosphorus 0.04 g 
 Calcium 0.01 g 
 Iron 0.005 g 

Table 1: Nutritional value of jungle jalebi fruit3,4 

Did you know?

Properties of Jungle Jalebi Fruit 

Jungle jalebi fruit show numerous scientifically proven properties, some of which are mentioned below: 

Add Jungle Jalebi to your diet! These tropical fruit pods are low in calories, with only about 20-30 calories per pod and high in fibre, which can help you feel fuller for longer. They’re also packed with nutrients like vitamin C, which can support your metabolism and overall health.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, MD

Potential Uses of Jungle Jalebi Fruit for Overall Health 

Let us now learn more about the health benefits of jungle jalebi fruit. 

Potential uses of jungle jalebi fruit in blood glucose level 

If you’re concerned about your blood circulation, you may want to consider incorporating Jungle jalebi into your routine. These fruit pods are a good source of fibre and nutrients that can help improve circulation and prevent blood clots. They also contain antioxidants that can protect against inflammation, which is a common cause of blood flow problems.

Dr. Ashok Pal, BAMS

Literature studies support the fact that the consumption of fruits may help manage blood glucose. Kumar et al. conducted a study in 2017. The findings of this study showed that the consumption of jungle jalebi fruits in diabetic rats helped in reducing blood glucose. This effect is attributed due to the presence of saponin in this fruit which helps in blocking the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of starch into glucose. This indicates that this fruit has the potential to reduce blood glucose and thus may help manage diabetes. However, to claim these results in humans, we need more studies. It is further advised not to self-medicate and consult your physician for proper management of abnormal blood glucose.2 

Potential uses of jungle jalebi fruit on lipid panel 

A lipid panel is a complete cholesterol test that measures total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The literature states that exercising regularly and following a healthy diet consisting of fruits and vegetables may have a positive impact on the lipid panel. A study conducted by Murugesan et al. in 2019 stated that jungle jalebi fruit might help in reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein and may increase high-density lipoprotein. This indicates that jungle jalebi fruit may positively impact the lipid panel, but it is advised not to rely on this fruit as a remedy and kindly consult your physician for the proper management of an abnormal lipid panel.4 

Potential uses of jungle jalebi fruit in peptic ulcers 

Unhealthy diets, including junk food, fried and spicy food and prolonged use of painkillers increase the chances of peptic or gastric ulcers. Literature studies show that jungle jalebi fruit may help those with chronic ulcers. Murugesan et al., in 2019, conducted a study that states that jungle jalebi fruit may help in managing peptic ulcers. It may be hypothesized that this fruit may help reduce acute inflammation of the stomach lining, which reduces the risk of ulceration. However, we need more studies to claim these results with greater reliability. Also, it is advised not to consider this fruit as an alternative to modern medicine; you should always consult your doctor for the proper management of ulcers.4 

Potential uses of jungle jalebi fruit in bacterial infections 

Ayurveda, or the Indian system of medicine, supports the use of fruits like jungle jalebi for managing bacterial infections. A study conducted by Murugesan et al. in 2019 stated that jungle jalebi fruit might help inhibit the growth of bacteria like Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis which causes pneumonia, meningitis and wound infections. This effect is due to the presence of saponins and flavonoids in this fruit. This indicates that this fruit may have the potential to manage infections. However, you should not consider this fruit as an alternative to modern medicine; it is always advised to consult a physician for the proper management of any bacterial infection.4 

Potential uses of jungle jalebi fruit in fungal infections 

Literature studies support the use of jungle jalebi fruit in managing fungal infections. Murugesan et al. conducted a study in 2019 that said that this fruit might help in inhibiting the growth of fungi like Penicillium digitatum, which causes fungal infections like mycosis. This indicates the potential of this fruit for managing fungal infections; however, you should not consider this fruit as an alternative to modern medicine. You should consult your doctor for the proper management of any fungal infection.4  

Potential uses of jungle jalebi fruit in dengue and malaria 

In the post-monsoon period, the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and malaria also increases. Due to its medicinal properties, studies support the use of fruits like jungle jalebi for managing dengue and malaria. A study conducted by Murugesan et al. in 2019 stated that this fruit might have the potential to manage dengue and malaria. Additionally, this fruit may help manage the poisoning caused due to insect bites. Despite these benefits, you should not consider jungle jalebi as a substitute for modern medicine. For the proper management of dengue and malaria, you should take a proper consultation with a qualified physician.4 

Heart health is no joke, but Jungle Jalebi can make it sweet! Packed with antioxidants and nutrients, these fruit pods can help reduce inflammation, lower cholesterol levels, and improve blood flow – all essential for a healthy heart.

Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS

Other potential uses of jungle jalebi fruit 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of jungle jalebi fruit in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of jungle jalebi fruit on human health.  

Also Read: What is Breadfruit? Exploring Its Origins and Nutritional Benefits

How to Use Jungle Jalebi Fruit?  

You must consult a qualified doctor before consuming any herbal supplements. You should not discontinue or replace your ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting your doctor.  

Jungle Jalebi may be a natural way to combat stress and ageing. These fruit pods are packed with antioxidants that combat ageing and are high in vitamin C, which can help reduce stress.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD

Side Effects of Jungle Jalebi Fruit 

Takhtajan et al. conducted a review in 1997 which found that commonly reported side effects of plants belonging to the Fabaceae family include: 5 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to jungle jalebi fruit, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it, as they will guide you properly for your symptoms. 

Precautions to Take with Jungle Jalebi Fruit 

Consuming jungle jalebi fruit is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, the following considerations must be taken: 

Interactions with Other Drugs 

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of jungle jalebi fruit with other drugs. 

Jungle jalebi may be a solution to your skin woes. It’s a natural way to treat dark spots and other skin problems without harsh chemicals. These fruit pods are rich in vitamin C, which can help brighten skin and reduce the appearance of dark spots. They also contain antioxidants that can protect against damage from the sun and other environmental factors.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, MD

Frequently Asked Questions 

1) What is jungle jalebi? 

Jungle jalebi refers to the fruit obtained from the wild thorny trees of Pithecellobium dulce.1,2 

2) What is jungle jalebi fruit called in Hindi? 

In Hindi, jungle jalebi fruit is called as ‘dakhani babool’.1,2 

3) Can jungle jalebi fruit be taken during breastfeeding?  

The safety of jungle jalebi fruit consumption during breastfeeding is not well-established; it is therefore advised to avoid its use and consult your doctor for the same. 

4) Are there any jungle jalebi fruit benefits for hair loss? 

No, there are no proven results on the effects of jungle jalebi fruits on hair loss. 

5) What are the side effects of jungle jalebi fruit? 

Jungle jalebi fruit belongs to Fabaceae family; the side effects of fruits belonging to this family include nausea, vomiting, dizziness and abdominal pain. Consuming this fruit in excess can result in toxicity which is manifested by respiratory depression and tremors.

Disclaimer: The information or data included on this site is only for educational purposes and should not be considered as a substitute for medical treatment by any healthcare professional. The reader based on their individual needs should consult their physician to determine the appropriateness of the information provided on this site for his/her situation.  

References 

  1. Jaiswal YS, Williams LL. A glimpse of Ayurveda–The forgotten history and principles of Indian traditional medicine. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine. 2017 Jan 1; 7(1):50-3. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198827/ 
  1. Kumar M, Govindrajan J, Nyola NK. Antihyperglycemic potential of saponin-enriched fraction from Pithecellobium dulce Benth. seed extract. Pharmacognosy Research. 2017 Dec; 9(Suppl 1):S23. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5757321/ 
  1. Joshi K, Joshi I. JANGAL JALEBI (Pithecellobium dulce): A neglected and lesser known fruit. International Journal of Sciences & Applied Research. 2015. Available at: https://www.ijsar.in/Admin/pdf/216.pdf 
  1. Murugesan S, Lakshmanan DK, Arumugam V, Alexander RA. Nutritional and therapeutic benefits of medicinal plant Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae): A review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2019 Jul 1; 9(7):130-9. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332080082_Nutritional_and_therapeutic_benefits_of_medicinal_plant_Pithecellobium_dulce_Fabaceae_A_review 
  1. Takhtadzhi︠a︡n AL, Takhtajan A. Diversity and classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press; 1997. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/fabaceae 
  1. Maghuly F, Marzban G, Laimer M. Functional genomics of allergen gene families in fruits. Nutrients. 2009 Oct 28; 1(2):119-32. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257604/ 
  1. Flavonoids (2023) Linus Pauling Institute. Available at: https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/flavonoids  
5
2

Kabasura Kudineer: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh 

Introduction: 

We all have heard enough about ayurveda and household remedies from our grandparents, parents, news, the internet, etc. In addition to this, did you know about another system of medicine called Siddha medicine, believed to be the oldest traditional system of medicine? The practice of Siddha medicine is very popular in the southern region. This system of medicine deals with herbal and herbal-mineral preparations. One such preparation is kabasura kudineer which consists of fifteen herbs which are developed by the Siddha formulary of India. Being a polyherbal combination, there are numerous health benefits of this preparation. In this article, we will learn more about kabasura kudineer, its health benefits, side effects, precautions, etc.1 

Composition of Kabasura Kudineer: 

As already mentioned, kabasura kudineer is a polyherbal formulation consisting of fifteen herbs in equal proportions. These herbs are rich in bioactive compounds like alkaloids which include piperine, piperlonguminine, oils like eugenol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and fatty acids like gallic acid. The composition of this preparation is given in the table below: 

Component Quantity  
Zingiber officinale 1 part 
Piper Longum  1 part 
Syzygium aromaticum  1 part 
Anacyclus pyrethrum 1 part 
Tragia involucrata 1 part 
Hygrophila auriculata 1 part 
Terminalia chebula 1 part 
Justicia adhatoda 1 part 
Plecthranthus amboinicus 1 part 
Costus speciosus 1 part 
Tinospora sinensis 1 part 
Clerodendrum serratum 1 part 
Andrographis paniculata 1 part 
Cyperus rotundus 1 part 
Cissampelos pareira 1 part 

Table 1: Chemical composition of kabasura kudineer2 

Properties of Kabasura Kudineer: 

Kabasura kudineer shows numerous scientifically proven properties; some of which are mentioned below:1 

Based on my experiences, Kabasura Kudineer is widely used for treating COVID 19 and many studies support it. However, Kabasura Kudineer along with Nilvembu Kudineer can be used to manage other viral infections like dengue, chikungunya, etc.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD

Potential Uses of Kabasura Kudineer for Overall Health: 

Some of the potential benefits of kabasura kudineer are described below. 

Potential use of kabasura kudineer in Covid-19 

It was only after Covid-19 that Siddha-based medicines gained the limelight due to surprising results shown by kabasura kudineer during the pandemic. The AYUSH Ministry of Government of India in 2020 approved kabasura kudineer for Covid-19 management. This preparation was approved as an immune booster. A study by Svenia et al. in 2021 stated that this polyherbal formulation might also help reduce inflammation in Covid-19 and also can inhibit the growth of viruses. This indicates that this preparation may positively impact Covid-19. However, you should not self-medicate and consult your physician for proper treatment of Covid-19.1 

Potential uses of kabasura kudineer in asthma 

Asthma is a disease affecting the respiratory system, which makes it difficult to breathe and can sometimes trigger cough, wheezing and shortness of breath. A study conducted by Svenia et al. in 2021 stated that kabasura kudineer has an anti-asthmatic effect. This means that this preparation may provide symptomatic relief from asthma. The exact mechanism behind this effect is not clear, and thus, it is advised not to consider this preparation as an alternative to modern medicine. Kindly consult your physician for the proper management of asthma.1 

Potential uses of kabasura kudineer in diabetes 

Literature studies support the use of herbal preparations for managing diabetes. Harini et al. in 2022 conducted a study, and the results of this study show that kabasura kudineer may help in managing diabetes. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of enzymes like alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase; these enzymes are responsible for converting starch into glucose. This helps in reducing blood glucose and thus may positively impact diabetes. Also, it is advised not to consider kabasura kudineer as an alternative to modern medicine; you should always consult your doctor for proper management of diabetes.3 

Potential uses of kabasura kudineer on liver 

Ever wondered what happens to the medicines that we take for treating any health issues? The liver, the largest organ of your body, is responsible for the metabolism of these medicines and helps in converting the drugs into a form which is non-toxic and can be easily removed from the body. A study conducted by Svenia et al. in 2021 stated that kabasura kudineer might have a protective effect on the liver. However, due to limited studies, it is advised not to rely on kabasura kudineer as a remedy and kindly consult your physician for the proper management of any liver disease.1 

Potential uses of kabasura kudineer on bacteria, viruses and fungi 

A study conducted by Svenia et al. in 2021 stated that kabasura kudineer might help in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Thus, this preparation may be an effective antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal agent and may help in managing infections caused due to bacteria, viruses and fungi. This effect may be hypothesized due to the modulation of the immune system, which may help in fighting infections. However, you should not consider this preparation as an alternative to modern medicine; it is always advised to consult a physician for the proper management of infections.1 

Other potential uses of kabasura kudineer:  

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Kabasura kudineer in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Kabasura kudineer on human health.  

Due to the presence of various phenols, flavonoids, and other phytochemical, Kabasura Kudineer exhibit anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, and anti-microbial activities. Due to these properties, Kabasura Kudineer might be useful in pain management.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Kabasura Kudineer?  

You must consult a qualified doctor before consuming any herbal supplements. You should not discontinue or replace your ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting your doctor.  

Side Effects of Kabasura Kudineer: 

Parthasarathy et al. conducted a study in 2021 that found that kabasura kudineer if consumed in excess amounts can result in damage to the kidney.5 

Gnanashanmugam et al. conducted a study in 2018 that stated that Siddha medicines, if consumed in excess have a potential for mercury toxicity and may result in neuromyotonia, a rare nerve disease characterized by spontaneous muscle movements. Thus, it may happen kabasura kudineer which belongs to Siddha medicines may exert similar side effects.6 

Although, the side effect profile of kabasura kudineer is not studied in depth, if you experience any adverse reactions to kabasura kudineer, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it, as they will guide you properly for your symptoms. 

Precautions to take with Kabasura Kudineer: 

Consuming kabasura kudineer is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, the following considerations must be taken: 

Interactions with Other Drugs: 

Not enough studies are available regarding the interactions of kabasura kudineer; however, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of kabasura kudineer with other drugs. 

Frequently Asked Questions: 

1) What is kabasura kudineer? 

Kabasura kudineer is a polyherbal preparation consisting of fifteen herbs developed by the Siddha formulary of India.1 

2) What are the dosage forms of kabasura kudineer available in the market? 

In the market, kabasura kudineer tablets and powder/churna are available for use.1 

3) What are kabasura kudineer side effects? 

There is a potential that kabasura kudineer if consumed in excess amounts can result in kidney injury. Mercury toxicity is also common with siddha medicines and therefore a similar side effect can also occur with kabasura kudineer if taken in excess.5 

4) Does kabasura kudineer benefit diabetes? 

Yes, studies support the use of kabasura kudineer may positively impact diabetes. However, it is advised to not rely on kabasura kudineer and consult your doctor for the proper management of diabetes.  

5) Can you take kabasura kudineer during pregnancy? 

The safety of kabasura kudineer during pregnancy is not well-established; it is therefore advised to avoid its use and consult your doctor for the same. 

Disclaimer: The information or data included on this site is only for educational purposes and should not be considered as a substitute for medical treatment by any healthcare professional. The reader, based on their individual needs, should consult their doctor to determine the appropriateness of the information provided on this site as per their situation.  

References: 

  1. Jose SP, Ratheesh M, Sheethal S, Rajan S, Saji S, Narayanan V, Sandya S. Anti-inflammatory effect of Kaba Sura Kudineer (AYUSH approved COVID-19 drug)-A Siddha poly-herbal formulation against lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in RAW-264.7 macrophages cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2022 Jan 30; 283:114738. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8507575/ 
  1. Kiran G, Karthik L, Devi MS, Sathiyarajeswaran P, Kanakavalli K, Kumar KM, Kumar DR. In silico computational screening of Kabasura Kudineer-official Siddha formulation and JACOM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2022 Jan 1; 13(1):100324. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7247487/ 
  1. Harini P, Veeraraghavan VP, Selvaraj J, Gayathri R, Kavitha S. Antidiabetic activity of Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2022 Dec 1; 13(6):383. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9926613/ 
  1. Thillaivanan S, Parthiban P, Kanakavalli K, Sathiyarajeshwaran P. A review on” Kapa Sura Kudineer”-a Siddha formulary prediction for swine flu. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research. 2015; 7(5):376-83. Available at: https://www.cabdirect.org/globalhealth/abstract/20153380546 
  1. Parthasarathy R, Mathew M, Koshy P, Babu M, Abraham G. Traditional medicines prescribed for prevention of COVID‐19: use with caution. Nephrology. 2021 Dec; 26(12):961-4. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8420558/ 
  1. Gnanashanmugam G, Balakrishnan R, Somasundaram SP, Parimalam N, Rajmohan P, Pranesh MB. Mercury toxicity following unauthorized siddha medicine intake–A mimicker of acquired neuromyotonia-Report of 32 cases. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2018 Jan; 21(1):49. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5909146/ 
4
1

Rambutan: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction: 

What is Rambutan? Rambutan is a fascinating-looking red spiky fruit with soft thorns in red, yellow, and green shades. It is also known as a hairy fruit. It is a tropical, ovoid-shaped fruit with a red or yellow fruit wall. The Rambutan tree is originally from Malaysia, and its name is derived from the Malay word ‘rambut,’ which means hair. Rambutan is popularly grown in India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and some humid parts of the United States. The scientific name of rambutan is Nephelium lappaceum, and it belongs to the family Sapindaceae. Rambutan pulp, seeds, and peel have several bioactive compounds that may benefit food, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and cosmetics advances.1

Let us glance through some of the benefits of eating rambutan and experience the unique rambutan taste, characterized by its sweet and juicy profile with hints of floral notes.

Nutritional Value of Rambutan: 

Rambutan seeds, peel, and pulp may contain several bioactive compounds like polyphenols, including ellagitannins, geraniin, corilagin, and ellagic acid. It may contain fatty acids like arachidonic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and many more.1 Furthermore, Rambutan fruit may contain the following nutrients: 

Nutritional Component Amount 
Energy 82 kcal 
Water 78 g 
Fats 0.21 g 
Protein 0.65 g 
Fibre 0.9 g 
Carbohydrates 20.9 g 
Magnesium 7 mg 
Potassium 42 mg 
Calcium 22 mg 
Phosphorous 9 mg 
Iron 0.35 mg 
Manganese 0.343 mg 
Copper 0.066 mg 
Sodium 11 mg 
Zinc 0.08 mg 
Vitamin A 3 IU 
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.013 mg 
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.022 mg 
Vitamin B3 (niacin) 1.35 mg 
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 0.018 mg 
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0.02 mg 
Vitamin B9 (folate) 8 µg 
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 4.9 mg 
Beta carotene 2 µg 

Did you know?

Table 1: Nutritional value of rambutan2 

Properties of Rambutan: 

Several studies have shown that rambutan may have the following properties: 

Rambutan seeds are roasted and eaten as snacks in the Philippines. Munching on these seeds as a morning or evening snack not only satisfies your taste buds but also offers rambutan benefits for health and well-being.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Benefits of Rambutan for Overall Health 

Some of the potential rambutan benefits are: 

1. Potential benefits of rambutan as an antioxidant 

A study by Hernàndez et al. in 2017 showed that rambutan might be an antioxidant. The antioxidant potential of rambutan may be due to phytochemical compounds like phenols, flavonoids, corilagin, geraniin, and ellagic acid. These compounds may deactivate the free radicals (harmful molecules present in the body) and protect the body from various damages.3 

2. Potential benefits of rambutan for cancer 

A study by Perumal et al. in 2020 showed that rambutan might act against breast, bone, cervical, and liver cancer. The anticancer activity of rambutan may be due to bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and other phenolic compounds like geraniin. Rambutan benefits may show apoptosis (kill the cancer cells) and inhibit their growth. However, more studies are required to check if rambutan can be used against cancer. Cancer is a serious disease; therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect cancer instead of self-medicating. 

3. Potential benefits of rambutan for reducing sugar levels 

Rambutan is a delicious tropical fruit that might offer potential benefits for diabetes management. A study by Muhtadi et al. in 2016, conducted on rats, suggested that bioactive compounds found in rambutan, such as catechin, quercetin, polyphenols, geraniin, and tannins, could contribute to reducing blood sugar levels. These compounds may help inhibit glucose absorption by the cells and stimulate insulin secretion, potentially assisting in the maintenance of normal blood sugar levels. It’s important to note that this study was conducted on animals, and further research on humans is needed to confirm the potential rambutan benefits for diabetes. If you have diabetes, it’s essential to monitor your blood sugar levels regularly and consult with your healthcare provider for appropriate guidance.

4. Potential benefits of rambutan for dengue 

A study by Ahmad et al. in 2015 showed that geraniin in rambutan might have anti-viral activity and act against DENV-2 (dengue virus type-2). Geraniin may inhibit the attachment of the dengue virus to the body cells and may also interfere with a viral protein (E protein) to disrupt the infection process.6 However, further studies are required to check if rambutan may act against the dengue virus. Therefore, you must immediately consult your doctor if you suspect any symptoms of dengue. 

5. Potential benefits of rambutan to reduce inflammation 

A study by Chingsuwanrote et al. in 2015 showed that the polyphenols in rambutan might reduce inflammation. The polyphenols may inhibit the secretion of TNFα, an inflammatory cytokine (molecules in the body responsible for inflammation).7 However, more studies are required to check if rambutan has anti-inflammatory properties. 

6. Potential benefits of rambutan for bacterial infections 

A study by Phuong et al. in 2020 showed that bioactive compounds in rambutan, like tannins, corilagin, geraniins, and ellagic acid, may possess antibacterial activity. Various bioactive compounds have different ways of showing their antibacterial activity. Tannins may change the structure of the cell wall and cell membrane. Ellagic acid may attach to the cell wall and destabilize it. Corilagin may inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting cell permeability.8 However, more large-scale studies are required to check the antibacterial effect of rambutan. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect a microbial infection. 

7. Potential benefits of rambutan for controlling blood pressure 

A study by Fang et al. in 2018 suggested that rambutan fruit benefits might extend to lowering blood pressure. Specifically, geraniin found in rambutan may play a role in reducing blood pressure by decreasing the release of noradrenaline (a hormone that increases blood pressure) and relaxing tension in the blood vessels.9 Further research involving human subjects is needed to confirm these effects. It’s essential to consult your doctor if you have abnormal blood pressure instead of attempting self-medication.

Other potential benefits of rambutan

1. Potential benefits of rambutan in pregnancy 

Rambutan, a tropical fruit native to Southeast Asia, has garnered attention for its potential use during pregnancy. This fruit is a good source of essential nutrients that can benefit expectant mothers, making it a favorable option for those exploring rambutan benefits for pregnant women. Rambutan is rich in vitamin C, which supports the immune system and helps with iron absorption, a crucial factor in preventing anemia during pregnancy. It also contains vital vitamins such as A and B-complex vitamins, contributing to both fetal development and maternal well-being, making it a noteworthy choice for those curious about rambutan’s benefits in pregnancy.

2. Potential benefits of rambutan for hair 

The potential use of rambutan for hair is gaining attention due to its rich content of vitamins and antioxidants.Rambutan’s benefits for hair are evident in its natural source of vitamin C, which may promote hair growth and strengthen hair follicles. Additionally, the fruit’s antioxidant properties may help protect hair from damage caused by free radicals, keeping it healthy and vibrant. The application of rambutan-based hair products or incorporating the fruit into your diet may contribute to improved hair quality and vitality. However, more research is needed to fully understand the extent of rambutan’s benefits for hair.

3. Potential benefits of rambutan for skin 

Rambutan benefits for skin are evident in its richness of antioxidants, particularly vitamin C, which can help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals and UV radiation. These antioxidants may also aid in reducing signs of aging and promoting a more youthful complexion. Additionally, the fruit’s natural compounds could assist in maintaining skin hydration and enhancing its overall texture. Incorporating rambutan into your skincare routine or using products infused with rambutan extracts may offer a natural and healthy way to improve skin health. However, further research is needed to fully explore the extent of rambutan’s advantages for the skin.

4. Potential benefits of rambutan for fertility

The potential benefits of rambutan for fertility in both males and females have piqued the interest of those seeking to optimize their reproductive health. Rambutan contains various bioactive compounds that may offer advantages for both genders aiming to support their reproductive capabilities.

Rambutan benefits for male reproductive health have also been a subject of interest in preliminary research. The compounds, such as catechin, quercetin, and polyphenols found in rambutan, could potentially enhance sperm quality and motility, which are essential factors for successful conception. Therefore, Rambutan benefits for sperm emphasize its potential role in enhancing reproductive wellness.

Rambutan benefits for females by incorporating rambutan into a well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, such as vitamins C and A, may contribute to overall reproductive well-being. Additionally, the antioxidants found in rambutan may help safeguard against oxidative damage, which can influence fertility in both genders.

Though studies show the benefits of rambutan in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of rambutan on human health. 

Researchers are evaluating the anti-HIV, anti-dengue and anti-allergic properties of Rambutan. These activities have been observed during lab trials; more research is needed to support these claims.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Rambutan vs Lychee

Rambutan and lychee are two tropical fruits that are often compared due to their similar appearance and taste. However, they have distinct differences that set them apart.

Rambutan:

Lychee:

How to Use Rambutan? 

Rambutan can be consumed in the following way: 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking large quantities of Rambutan or other herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

Side Effects of Rambutan 

Rambutan side effects are reported as follows: 

If you notice any reaction by consuming rambutan, seek immediate medical attention. First, consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you; they will be able to identify the cause and treat it. 

Precautions to Take with  

The following precautions can be taken before consuming rambutan: 

It is advised to consult your doctor before consuming if you have any pre-existing diseases. 

Interactions with Other Drugs: 

There is not enough evidence on the interaction of rambutan with other drugs. Further studies on the interaction of rambutan are required. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming rambutan. 

Also Read: Longan: Research on Its Health Benefits and Nutritional Value

Frequently Asked Questions: 

1) What are rambutan health benefits?

There are several health benefits of rambutan fruit. It may reduce diabetes, lower blood pressure, and increase digestive function. Rambutan may be used for bacterial and viral infections. Additionally, rambutan may reduce inflammation due to its antioxidant properties. It can also be used against dengue and cancer.1,3,4,5,6,8,9 However, you must consult your doctor if you suspect any above-mentioned symptoms and do not self-medicate. 

2) What are rambutan fruit side effects? 

Rambutan may cause nausea and vomiting, angioedema (swelling of the lower layer of skin), urticaria (swollen, reddened, and itchy skin), flushing of the skin (sudden redness of the skin), chest tightness, and wheezing.11  

3) Is rambutan good for diabetes? 

Bioactive compounds in rambutan, like catechin, quercetin, polyphenols, geraniin, and tannins, may help to reduce blood sugar.5 However, you must check your blood sugar levels regularly and consult your doctor in case of abnormal blood sugar levels

4) What precautions must be taken with rambutan?

Rambutan is considered safe, but pregnant and breastfeeding mothers shall take precautions before consuming rambutan.12 Saponins and tannins are phytochemicals, and they are biologically active compounds. But in a few cases, saponins and tannins may be toxic to a few people. In addition, rambutan seeds may be narcotic (causes sleepiness and affects mood).13 It is advised to consult your doctor if you have any pre-existing diseases before consuming. 

5) Is rambutan good for dengue? 

Geraniin in rambutan may have anti-viral activity and may act against DENV-2 (dengue virus type-2).6 However, you must immediately consult your doctor if you suspect any symptoms of dengue.

6) Can rambutan seeds be eaten?

Rambutan seeds are generally not recommended for consumption as they can be bitter and potentially toxic. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance regarding your dietary choices and potential risks associated with consuming rambutan seeds.

7) Can rambutan cause sore throat?

While rambutan consumption is not commonly associated with sore throat, individual reactions may vary. If you experience a sore throat after consuming rambutan or suspect any adverse reactions, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a personalized assessment and guidance.

8) Can rambutan make you sick?

Consuming rambutan is generally safe for most individuals. However, if you experience digestive discomfort, allergies, or any adverse reactions after consuming rambutan, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper assessment and personalized guidance to determine the cause of the illness.

9) Can rambutan increase uric acid?

Rambutan is not a known food source that significantly increases uric acid levels. However, individual reactions can vary, and those with gout or uric acid concerns should consume it in moderation and monitor their own body’s response. If you have specific health concerns, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable for personalized guidance.

10) Can rambutan kill you?

Rambutan is generally safe to eat, and there is no evidence to suggest that consuming rambutan can be lethal. However, as with any food, overconsumption could lead to discomfort. If you have specific allergies or health concerns, it’s advisable to consume rambutan in moderation and consult a healthcare professional if needed.

11) Are rambutan good for dogs?

Rambutan should be avoided for dogs as it can pose a choking hazard due to its large seed and may not provide significant nutritional benefits for them. It’s best to consult with a veterinarian for guidance on safe and appropriate treats for your pet.

12) Are rambutan good for you?

Rambutan is a nutritious fruit that can be good for you when consumed in moderation. It provides essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, supporting overall health. 

13) Can rambutan cause stomach pain?

Rambutan is typically safe to eat, but for some individuals, overconsumption or sensitivity to certain compounds in the fruit might lead to stomach discomfort or pain. If you experience stomach pain after consuming rambutan, consult a healthcare professional to rule out any allergies or sensitivities and to ensure it aligns with your dietary choices.

14) Can rambutan cause constipation?

While rambutan is generally not associated with causing constipation, excessive consumption or dietary factors could potentially lead to this issue in some individuals. If you encounter constipation after eating rambutan, consult a healthcare professional to assess your dietary choices and address any underlying causes.

15) Can rambutan cause acne?

Rambutan is not commonly linked to causing acne. However, an individual’s skin reactions can vary, and it’s possible that consuming rambutan, especially in excessive amounts, might lead to skin issues for some people. Consulting a healthcare professional or dermatologist can help identify any specific triggers and address potential skin concerns.

16) Can rambutan cause cough?

Rambutan is not a known cause of cough. Coughing can result from various factors such as infections, allergies, or irritants. If you experience persistent coughing after consuming rambutan, consult a healthcare professional to rule out any allergies or underlying respiratory issues.

17) can rambutan cause miscarriage?

There is no scientific evidence to suggest that rambutan can cause a miscarriage. However, during pregnancy, it’s crucial to be cautious about your dietary choices and consult a healthcare professional for guidance on safe and healthy eating practices to support a healthy pregnancy.

18) Can rambutan cause arthritis?

Rambutan is not known to cause arthritis. Arthritis is a complex condition with various causes, including genetic and lifestyle factors. If you suspect arthritis or have concerns about your joint health, consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and personalized guidance on managing the condition.

19) Can rambutan cause diarrhea?

Rambutan consumption is generally safe, but excessive intake may lead to diarrhea in some individuals due to its natural sugars and dietary fiber. If you experience persistent or severe diarrhea after eating rambutan, consult a healthcare professional to assess any underlying issues and ensure proper hydration and dietary choices.

20) How to eat rambutan?

To eat rambutan, start by making a shallow cut around the circumference of the fruit’s skin, being careful not to cut too deep. Then, gently twist the fruit open, revealing the juicy flesh inside. Remove the seed and enjoy the sweet and slightly tangy fruit.

21) Is rambutan a tree nut?

No, rambutan is not a tree nut. It is a tropical fruit belonging to the Sapindaceae family and is botanically related to lychee and longan. While it may trigger allergies in some individuals, it is not classified as a tree nut allergen.

22) Can cats eat rambutan?

Cats should not eat rambutan as it may not be safe for them. Rambutan fruit contains certain compounds that could potentially be harmful to cats if consumed. It’s best to stick to their regular cat food and treats to ensure their health and safety.

23) Can rabbits eat rambutan?

Rabbits should not be given rambutan as it’s not a suitable food for them. Rambutan is high in sugar and can cause digestive issues for rabbits. It’s important to feed them a diet primarily consisting of hay, fresh vegetables, and a controlled amount of fruits as treats.

References:

  1. Hernández-Hernández C, Aguilar CN, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Flores-Gallegos AC, Morlett-Chávez J, Govea-Salas M, Ascacio-Valdés JA. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.): Nutritional and functional properties. Trends in food science & technology. 2019 Mar 1;85:201-10. Available from: http://www.investigacionyposgrado.uadec.mx/site/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/24-ART-2019.pdf 
  2. Rambutan, canned, syrup pack [Internet]. FoodData Central. [cited 2022Dec1]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168167/nutrients 
  3. Hernández C, Ascacio-Valdés J, De la Garza H, Wong-Paz J, Aguilar CN, Martínez-Ávila GC, Castro-López C, Aguilera-Carbó A. Polyphenolic content, in vitro antioxidant activity and chemical composition of extract from Nephelium lappaceum L.(Mexican rambutan) husk. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2017 Dec 1;10(12):1201-5. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995764517311641 
  4. Perumal A, AlSalhi MS, Kanakarajan S, Devanesan S, Selvaraj R, Tamizhazhagan V. Phytochemical evaluation and anticancer activity of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit endocarp extracts against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021 Mar 1;28(3):1816-25. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X2030680X 
  5. Muhtadi M, Haryoto H, Sujono TA, Suhendi A. Antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemia activities of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) fruit peel extracts. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2016 Apr 30;6(4):190-4. Available from: https://japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/1848_pdf.pdf 
  6. Ahmad SA, Palanisamy U, Tejo BA, Hassan SS. Geraniin extracted from the Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan) rind inhibits dengue virus type-2. International conference and expo on drug discovery and designing, Frankfurt 2015. Available from: https://www.longdom.org/conference-abstracts-files/2169-0138.S1.008-024.pdf 
  7. Chingsuwanrote P, Muangnoi C, Parengam K, Tuntipopipat S. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of durian and rambutan pulp extract. International Food Research Journal. 2016 Aug 1;23(3). Available from: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/23%20(03)%202016/(5).pdf 
  8. Phuong NN, Le TT, Van Camp J, Raes K. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extracts. International journal of food microbiology. 2020 May 16;321:108539. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160520300337 
  9. Phang SC, Palanisamy UD, Kadir KA. Effects of geraniin (rambutan rind extract) on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in rats fed high-fat diet. Journal of integrative medicine. 2019 Mar 1;17(2):100-6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095496419300081 
  10. Thulaja NR. Rambutan [Internet]. Infopedia. [cited 2022Dec1]. Available from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_208_2004-12-16.html 
  11. Jirapongsananuruk O, Jirarattanasopa N, Pongpruksa S, Vichyanond P, Piboonpocanun S. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a major allergen in rambutan-induced anaphylaxis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2011 Jun 1;106(6):545-7. Available from: https://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(11)00188-8/abstract 
  12. Diana R, Rachmayanti RD, Anwar F, Khomsan A, Christianti DF, Kusuma R. Food taboos and suggestions among Madurese pregnant women: a qualitative study. Journal of Ethnic Foods. 2018 Dec 1;5(4):246-53. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352618118301446 
  13. Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum L. Euphoria nephelium DC. Dimocarpus crinita Lour. [Internet]. Rambutan. [cited 2022Dec2]. Available from: https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/rambutan.html#Toxicity 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

6

The Tomato Flu Outbreak In India: All You Need To Know

On May 6, 2022, the Kollam district of Kerala recorded the first case of tomato flu. Based on a study published in the Lancet, although the tomato flu virus exhibits symptoms that are comparable to those of Covid-19, it is unrelated to SARS-CoV-2. Tomato flu is also thought to be caused by a virus that may be a variant of the virus responsible for Hand, Foot and Mouth disease (usually affects children below 5 and immunocompromised individuals).

The illness was given its name due to the widespread appearance of painful, red blisters all over the body that eventually resembled tomatoes in shape. According to reports, infectious disease is uncommon and self-limiting. Although it does not now threaten human life, careful management is necessary to prevent it from spreading.

Whom does the tomato flu affect most?

Well over 80 cases of tomato flu have reportedly been detected nationwide thus far, according to reports. Because the infectious sickness has primarily affected children between the ages of 1 and 9, it has raised concerns for the authorities.

Children are the ones who are the most susceptible to this disease and they are also the main carriers of it while spreading it to others. Since viral infections are widespread in children this age and propagation is most probable through close contact, children are more likely to be exposed to tomato flu. Young children can catch this virus by touching dirty surfaces, using diapers and putting objects directly in their mouths. 

Given the similarity to hand, foot and mouth illness, the transmission of tomato flu could have major repercussions by spreading to adults if the outbreak in children is not contained and stopped.

What are the symptoms of tomato flu?

The main signs and symptoms of tomato flu in children are

Precautions to be maintained the preventing contamination

The greatest method of prevention is maintaining good hygiene, continuously sanitising the immediate area and keeping the contaminated child from sharing articles such as toys, clothes, food or any different objects with other children who are not ill.

Treatment for tomato flu 

Tomato flu is said to be a self-limiting condition. Follow the treatment advised by the doctor – no specific medicine has been identified for its cure so far, but symptomatic management under expert advice can help. Do not try to self-diagnose and self-medicate. 

The following tips can help-

Also Read: Caution Aftercare: What to Avoid After Receiving Your Flu Shot

Conclusion

Although it may seem a little overwhelming to see reports of another new virus making the rounds, it is important to remember that this particular one isn’t fatal and is not spreading on a large scale. With proper vigilance and by taking necessary precautions, it is very much possible to keep it under control.

Disclaimer: The information included on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional. Because of unique individual needs, the reader should consult their physician to determine the appropriateness of the information for the reader’s situation.

5

Home Remedies For Jaundice By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

Introduction: 

Do you know someone who started to appear yellow suddenly? It might be a possibility they had pale/yellow eyes or nails. The most probable reason for this may be jaundice. 

Jaundice is one of the most common liver disorders. It involves excess bilirubin circulating in the body. Bilirubin is a yellow-orange coloured bile pigment produced when the haemoglobin breaks down from the red blood cells. Jaundice is associated with yellow discolouration of mucous membrane, skin, nail beds and the whites of the eyes. 1 

Jaundice is quite common in newborns since their liver is not completely developed to eliminate the accumulated bilirubin. It usually goes away with time.2 

We want to tell you more about the symptoms and causes of jaundice. We would also explore the preventive measures and home remedies that may be helpful. It is recommended to take a professional consultation for proper diagnosis and treatment when jaundice is suspected. Meanwhile, keep reading to know which home remedies may provide relief in managing symptoms. 

Did You Know

What Causes the Condition:  

Jaundice can be caused at three stages. 

They are:  before, during and after the production of bilirubin. Problems associated with any of the three phases may cause jaundice.  

 The three stages where jaundice can occur along with their causes are: 

Before the Production of Bilirubin (Unconjugated Jaundice):  

During the Production of Bilirubin: 

After Production of Bilirubin: 

Jaundice is not a disease but a symptom of underlying condition which requires proper diagnosis and individualized treatment plan.

Dr. Arpit Verma, MBBS, MD (Pharmacology)

Also Read: Home Remedies For Malaria By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

Symptoms of Condition: 

At times when jaundice is present, but without any visible symptoms, severity is predicted by finding the underlying cause of jaundice. 

Various causes of jaundice may have a particular set of symptoms as given below:

Jaundice Caused By Infections May be Accompanied by the Following Symptoms:

If Infections Do not Cause Jaundice, You May Have Symptoms Like:

Jaundice Due to Liver Disease May Be Accompanied by the Following Symptoms:

Also Read: Home Remedies For Dengue By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

Home Remedies for Jaundice:  

Some of the natural remedies for jaundice are as follows:  

1. Natural Sunlight for neonatal jaundice:  

Natural sunlight may be beneficial to neonatal jaundice. Sunlight includes a wide spectrum which includes the bilirubin absorbing range. Natural sunlight may be a replacement for phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.4  

2. Restriction In Diet:  

During the acute stages of jaundice, porridge without salt and tamarind or cooked rice is recommended. Oil, ghee and spices shall be avoided in jaundice. Non- vegetarian food should also be avoided. Meals may include vegetables without seasoning or tempering.5  

3. Sugarcane Juice:  

Sugarcane juice may keep bilirubin levels in control and may help in jaundice. Sugarcane juice is good for liver diseases. For making sugarcane juice, the sugarcane is washed well, and the outer layer is removed. It is then cut into pieces, and the sugarcane extract and the juice are taken out. Squeeze the extract to remove any remaining juice.6 

4. Papaya Leaves:  

Enzymes like papain present in papaya leaves may help cure jaundice. Grind chopped papaya leaves using a mortar and pestle to extract the paste from the leaves. You can add honey to it and consume it.7 

5. Black cumin:  

Black cumin is traditionally known as jeera. The phytoconstituents present in black cumin may help to cure jaundice. Black cumin may be lightly toasted, then grounded and consumed.8 

6. Mint:  

Mint, commonly known as pudina, may be used for jaundice. According to folk medicine, mint tea may help cure jaundice. The juice from the mint leaves is mixed with honey and then consumed to treat jaundice.8 

7. Babul:  

Babul may be used for jaundice due to phytoconstituents like flavonoids and alkaloids. The whole plant or the flower of babul may be useful in jaundice. Babul powder is mixed in water and consumed. 

8. Amla:  

Amla is known as Indian gooseberry in English. The fruit, leaf and bark of the amla plant may be used to manage jaundice. The bilirubin level may return to normal by consuming amla. The consumption of amla juice may cure jaundice.9 Dice three to four Indian gooseberries into small pieces. Add some water and black salt into a blender and blend till it is smooth. Strain the pulp obtained and extract the juice. Amla juice is ready to be consumed. 

Though studies show the benefits of the given herb and home remedies for jaundice, these are insufficient. Therefore, there is a need for large-scale human studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of these home remedies on human health. Thus, these should only be taken cautiously and never as a substitute for medical treatment. 

Also Read: Home Remedies For Viral Fever By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

When To Seek Medical Help:  

It is recommended to consult a doctor immediately for proper treatment for jaundice.  

You must not rely on home remedies alone to treat the condition. Instead, you should consult a qualified doctor if the symptoms do not improve. 

Also Read: What is Milk Thistle Good For? Exploring its Research-Backed Benefits

Conclusion:  

Jaundice is a liver disease with an increased bilirubin level in the bloodstream. The mouth, skin and sclera turn yellow. It is found to be common among infants. Breastfeeding may be an effective at-home treatment for jaundice in new-borns. A few common symptoms of jaundice may include yellow discolouration and flu-like symptoms.  

Natural sunlight may help cure jaundice in adults and infants both. In addition, dietary modification, consuming sugarcane juice, papaya leaves’ paste, black cumin, amla, babul, and mint tea may be some natural remedies for jaundice.  

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies For Diabetes By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Frequently Asked Questions:  

What are the home remedies for jaundice?  

Staying in natural sunlight for about 2 hours may help cure jaundice in adults and infants. Some dietary restrictions like avoiding oil, ghee, spices and non-vegetarian food are recommended. Consuming a glass of sugarcane juice, having papaya leaves paste, black cumin, amla, babul, and mint tea are some home remedies that may help to cure jaundice.4,5,6,7,8,9 

What is the jaundice home treatment for infants?  

Staying in natural sunlight for about 2 hours may help cure infant jaundice. Breastfeeding may also help treat jaundice.4 

What is the best treatment for jaundice?  

Home remedies may help in the treatment of jaundice. Consuming a glass of sugarcane juice, having papaya leaves paste, black cumin, amla, babul, and mint tea are some home remedies that may help to cure jaundice.5,6,7,8,9 

Which herbs are used to cure jaundice?  

Jaundice may be cured by consuming herbs like mint and black cumin.8 

Also Read: Benefits of Colostrum: A Deep-Dive Into its Health-Boosting Properties

References: 

1) Yarqaan (Jaundice), National Health Portal of India [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 22]. Available from: https://www.nhp.gov.in/yarqaan-jaundice_mtl 

2) Jaundice in Newborns: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment, Cleveland Clinic [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22263-jaundice-in-newborns 

3) Adult Jaundice: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention, Cleveland Clinic [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15367-adult-jaundice 

4) Salih FM. Can sunlight replace phototherapy units in the treatment of neonatal jaundice? An in vitro study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2022 Jul 21];17(6):272–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11722753/ 

5) Manjal Kamalai (Jaundice), National Health Portal of India [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.nhp.gov.in/Manjal-Kamalai-(Jaundice)_mtl 

6) Singh A, Lal UR, Mukhtar HM, Singh PS, Shah G, Dhawan RK. Phytochemical profile of sugarcane and its potential health aspects. Pharmacogn Rev. 2015 Jan-Jun;9(17):45-54. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 22]. Available from: 10.4103/0973-7847.156340. PMID: 26009693; PMCID: PMC4441162. 

7) Singh SP, Kumar S, Mathan SV, Tomar MS, Singh RK, Verma PK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Singh RP, Acharya A. Therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract in the management of human diseases. Daru. 2020 Dec;28(2):735-744. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 22]. Available from: 10.1007/s40199-020-00348-7. Epub 2020 May 5. PMID: 32367410; PMCID: PMC7704890.  

8) William N. Setzer, Michael Wink, Hanjing Zhang, Farukh S. Sharopov Aromatic Medicinal Plants from Tajikistan (Central Asia) Medicines 2015, 2(1), 28-46 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 22]. Available from:  https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/2/1/28/html 

9) Janghel, Vandana & Patel, Pushpendra & Chandel, Saket. (2019). Plants used for the treatment of icterus (jaundice) in Central India: A review. Annals of Hepatology. 18. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 22]. Available from: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.05.003. 

10) Jaundice | nidirect [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/jaundice 

11) What are Jaundice and Kernicterus? | CDC [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/jaundice/facts.html 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

21
1

Home Remedies For Mosquito Bite By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

Introduction: 

The majority of the insect bites that occur worldwide are mosquito bites. Although mosquito bites are non-threatening, they may transmit disease-causing pathogens and pose a severe threat. Mosquitoes are insects scientifically known as Anopheles, Aedes and Culex. Did you know the larger female mosquitos bite as they need blood and nourishment to produce eggs?1 A mosquito bite can give you diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya and zika. About 700 million people die every year because of diseases caused by mosquito bites.  

Prevention is better than cure is the motto to steer clear of these diseases. Simple and quick remedies at home may help relieve a mosquito bite. However, if you notice signs of infectious disease, you might need medical help.  

Continue reading to learn more about mosquito bites, their consequences and how to manage them with easy and natural home remedies.  

A red itchy bump that disappears on its own is common after a mosquito bite but some people may experience symptoms that are more severe and can include rash, large areas of excessive swelling, and even bruising, this is called Skeeter syndrome which needs medical management.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj – M.B.B.S, M.D.

What Causes Mosquito Bite: 

The female mosquitoes are the ones that suck blood for nourishment. Mosquitoes possess a long mouthpart shaped like a tiny needle pierces your skin, sucks your blood and secretes saliva into your bloodstream.2   

Here are some risk factors that make you prone to mosquito bites, 

Also Read: Home Remedies For Dengue By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

Symptoms of Mosquito Bite: 

You may experience itching and swelling at the site of the bite if you are bitten by mosquitoes.2, other signs include: 

More severe symptoms of a mosquito bite can be observed in: 

More severe reactions seen may be: 

Insect bite reactions can sometimes be severe and in bee bites some people can get severe reaction called anaphylaxis which should be treated by a doctor.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

Also Read: Home Remedies For Malaria By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

Home Remedies for Mosquito Bite: 

Here are some natural ingredients that you may use to remedy mosquito bites. You can use these remedies at home to help with the pain, inflammation and itching of mosquito bites.  

1. Ice  

You may rub ice on a mosquito bite. It might help reduce blood flow to the area, decreasing inflammation. It may also help with the pain and itching. If you are using ice or an ice pack, make sure to wrap it in a light towel first and then apply it at the site of the mosquito bite to get relief.2  

2. Aloe vera  

Aloe vera gel is a common ingredient in several herbal remedies. The gel contains salicylic acid, an active component capable of reducing pain and itching. You may apply aloe vera gel directly onto the mosquito bite.2  

The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends using a cold, damp cloth or an ice pack to relieve the itching caused by a mosquito bite. A bag of crushed ice can also work well in a pinch. Do not put ice directly on your skin, because it can cause damage.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

3. Honey  

Honey is an ingredient packed with many properties that may help relieve pain and itching. Honey is known to contain an enzyme called catalase, which may provide relief from inflammation. Apply honey directly to the mosquito bite. Make sure to use unprocessed honey.2  

4. Oatmeal  

Gluten present in oatmeal may help soothe mosquito bites. You can take some oatmeal and grind it into fine powder. To this powder, add some warm water to make a thick paste. You may apply this paste directly to the mosquito bite. Make sure to cover the bite completely. Keep it for some time and then wipe it off using a clean towel.2  

5. Chamomile tea  

Chamomile flowers are rich in chemicals like flavonoids and triterpenoids. These chemicals may show antioxidant and antihistamine properties. These properties may help reduce pain, inflammation and itchiness of the mosquito bite. You can take a chamomile tea bag and put it in water. Wait till the water turns golden brown. Take out the tea bag and squeeze it to remove excess water. The tea bag can be pressed directly against the mosquito bite for some time to get relief. You can remove the tea bag and wipe the bite with a clean towel.2   

6. Baking soda  

Baking soda may help you reduce the itchiness of the mosquito bite. To use baking soda, mix a teaspoon of baking soda with some water to make a smooth paste. You can apply this paste to the mosquito bite to get relief. Leave the paste for some time and wash it off with water.3  

7. Camphor  

Camphor is an effective remedy for a wide range of health concerns. It may reduce inflammation and itching of the mosquito bite. You may apply camphor oil directly on the mosquito bite to get quick relief from symptoms.4  

8. Thyme  

There is historical evidence showing the use of thyme for inflammatory skin conditions. In addition, thyme has been used for treating mosquito bites, although there is insufficient evidence to prove its efficacy.5 You may dilute thyme oil with a carrier oil such as olive or coconut oil.  

9. Serpent Root 

Serpent root is a medicinal herb known as Isvari in Hindi. There are many ways to use serpent root insect bites, such as mosquitoes. You may consume fresh juice of leaves of serpent root plant with some pepper powder to get relief. The leaves’ paste might be directly applied over the mosquito bite to relieve the symptoms.4  

If you encounter fever, nausea, vomiting, body ache within 2 weeks of seemingly related mosquito bites, contact your physician for an accurate diagnosis.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D.

Also Read: Effective Home Remedies for Bee Sting

Measures to take for mosquito bite prevention: 

Though some studies show the benefits of the given herb and home remedies for mosquito bites, these are insufficient. There is a need for large scale human studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of these home remedies on human health. Thus, these should only be taken cautiously and never as a substitute for medical treatment.  

Also Read: How to Get Rid of Ants: Top Methods from Pest Control Experts

When to Seek Medical Help:  

You need to seek medical help at the earliest if you experience any of the following: 

You must not rely on home remedies alone for treating mosquito bites and should consult a qualified doctor for any advice for the condition if the symptoms do not improve with home remedies.   

Also Read: How to Get Rid of Gnats: Your Expert-Approved Guide

Conclusion: 

Mosquito bites though usually harmless, may spread disease-causing pathogens. You may experience swelling, itchiness, and pain at the site of the bite. However, you can use some common herbs and ingredients to remedy mosquito bites. Herbs like chamomile, aloe vera, and thyme may help you reduce the inflammation and itching of the mosquito bite. You can also apply honey, oatmeal, or ice packs on the mosquito bite to get relief. Wearing thick clothing and staying indoors when the mosquito activity is highest are some ways you can prevent getting bitten.  Sometimes, mosquitoes may spread infectious diseases. Therefore, if you experience signs of fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, and body ache following a mosquito bite, contact your healthcare provider immediately, as it can signify a severe health condition.  

Also Read: Effective Home Remedies for Scabies

Frequently Asked Questions: 

What are the home remedies for a mosquito bite? 

You may use ingredients like thyme, chamomile, honey, oatmeal, aloe vera and camphor on your mosquito bite. These ingredients may help reduce irritation, itching and swelling of the mosquito bite. You may use ice packs wrapped in a light towel onto the mosquito bite to minimize swelling.2–5  

What are some remedies for mosquitoes at home? 

Fumigating the home with neem leaves or Indian borage leaves can help eliminate mosquitoes. Placing camphor oil around the corners of your house may also help.4  

Can I get ill from a mosquito bite? 

Yes, you may fall ill following a mosquito bite. You may get infected if you get bit by a mosquito carrying infectious pathogens. If you notice signs of fever, headache, body ache, nausea and vomiting, reach out to your doctor immediately.2  

Should I contact a doctor for a mosquito bite? 

Most mosquito bites are not that serious. However, you should consult a doctor if you notice signs of infectious illness. The symptoms are fever, nausea, fatigue, headache and body pain. 2 

References: 

1. Seda J, Horrall S. Mosquito Bites. Veterinary Allergy [Internet]. 2021 Oct 28 [cited 2022 Jul 19];267–70. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539915/ 

2. Mosquito Bites: What They Look Like, Why They Itch & Treatment [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 19]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17695-mosquito-bites 

3. Mosquito Bite Symptoms and Treatment | Mosquitoes | CDC [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 19]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html 

4. Ayush Division. Ayurveda offering Herbal healing. Available from: https://www.esic.nic.in/attachments/publicationfile/7d11b02e5abb4717d53b4ce05efabd21.pdf 

5. Basch E, Ulbricht C, Hammerness P, Bevins A, Sollars D. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Thymol. http://dx.doi.org/101080/J157v04n01_07 [Internet]. 2009 Jan [cited 2022 Jul 20];4(1):49–67. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/J157v04n01_07 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Next Page »« Previous Page