Achyranthes Aspera (Chaff Flower): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Introduction
Achyranthes aspera is a perennial herb widely found in tropical regions and has been traditionally valued for its various uses in different cultural practices. Common names for the plant include chaff flower, prickly chaff flower, and devil’s horsewhip. All parts of the plant, roots, seeds, leaves, flowers, and fruits, have traditionally been used for various purposes, such as for eye conditions and heavy menstrual bleeding2. During Ganesh Chaturthi, the leaves are used in Ganesh Patra pooja3.
Morphology of Achyranthes Aspera
A. aspera (chaff flower) is an upright, spreading herb with many branches and a quadrangular stem. It is a perennial plant that can live for several years and usually grows up to 6–7 feet in height. The stem has noticeable longitudinal ridges or grooves with hairy nodes.
The leaves of Achyranthes aspera are simple, short-stalked, and covered with fine hairs. They grow opposite each other on the stem, which is sharp-pointed and woody. The upper surface of the leaves is green, while the underside is yellowish. Each leaf is about 8–10 cm long and 7–8 cm wide, with an egg-shaped broad base and a pointed tip.
The plant produces small green or yellowish-white flowers arranged in long, axillary spikes that can grow up to 60 cm in length.Flowering occurs throughout the year.By the time flowers bend towards the stem in the fruiting stage, the bracts (small leaf-like structures around the flowers) become sharp, pointed tips, making the heads spiny to the touch.
Fruits are orange to reddish-purple or straw-brown capsules, contain a single seed, and are produced throughout the year.The fruit easily attaches to clothes and animal skin1,2,4.
Where Is Achyranthes Aspera Found?
A. aspera is mainly found in tropical Asian, African, and warmer regions. It is also found in Australia and America, Ceylon, and Baluchistan. In India, it predominantly grows like a weed on roadsides4.
The plant A. aspera and its seeds contain carbohydrates, proteins, and several bioactive components, including flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which may support overall health4.
Achyranthes Aspera or Chaff flower is highly nutritious and has caloric value. Based on some studies, it may have anti-diabetic activity and may be useful in managing diabetes11.
The pulp prepared from fresh leaves and flowering spikes of A. aspera has traditionally been applied externally as a home remedy for scorpion stings.
The seeds of the plant have been mentioned for use in certain eye conditions, including corneal problems, and are also described in relation to snake or reptile bites.
The elongated flowering spikes, when mixed with a small amount of sugar, have been used in traditional practice for hydrophobia associated with dog bites.
The ash obtained from A. aspera, which is rich in potash, has been used as a cleansing agent for washing clothes.
The flowers and fruits of the plant are described in traditional texts as being helpful in managing heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)5.
Based on some research, A. aspera or Chaff flower might possess anti-fertility properties and might play a positive role in an unwanted pregnancy. However, its use should be in moderation and only after taking a professional opinion10.
Different parts of A. aspera, including its seeds, roots, and leaves, have been used in traditional practices for various purposes. The plant is noted for its strong, unpleasant odour when used either externally or internally.
In traditional medicine, A. aspera has been attributed with several properties, such as expectorant (helps clear mucus), stomach tonic, laxative, anthelmintic (acts against intestinal worms), diuretic (promotes urine flow), lithotriptic (used for breaking down stones), sudorific (induces sweating), demulcent (soothes irritation), as well as anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective (supports liver health), and other effects. Some studies also mention potential hypoglycaemic (blood sugar-lowering), antihyperlipidaemic (cholesterol-lowering), anti-asthmatic, anticataract, and anti-periodic fever (used against recurring fevers) activities3.
Research on A. aspera supplements has explored their role in weight management, although the evidence remains preliminary6.
The juice of A. aspera is described in Ayurveda as having astringent and anti-inflammatory properties, and it has traditionally been applied to ulcers and wounds to support healing.
The root paste or juice of A. aspera has been used externally in folk medicine to ease pain, reduce itching, manage rashes caused by insect bites, and provide relief in urticaria (hives). It has also been used for earache.
In some traditional practices, the daily use of powdered A. aspera mixed with honey has been suggested forimproving digestion3.
The plant has also been described in Ayurvedic texts as having digestive and appetite-enhancing qualities, which are believed to help maintain overall health.
In Ayurveda, Apamarga kshara (alkaline ash prepared from A. aspera) is applied externally in the management of fistula and fissure.
The oil derived from A. aspera has been used traditionally to reduce excessive cough and provide relief from respiratory discomfort3.
The plant is also noted for its purgative (stool-softening) effect and is mentioned in relation to constipation, piles, and fistula/fissures.
Animal studies on Wistar rats suggest that A. aspera extracts may help in the management of kidney stones by promoting urine output, though human evidence is lacking.
Traditional texts also mention the plant’s role in supporting urinary health7,8.
A mixture of A. aspera with tankana bhasma (a borax preparation) and lemon juice has been used to remove warts; however, since this can cause skin burns, it should only be attempted under medical supervision3.
A. aspera, being naturally rich in potassium, is considered to be beneficial for heart health in traditional medicine3.
Side Effects of Achyranthes Aspera
A. aspera is generally considered safe when used in moderation, but may occasionally cause side effects like skin rashes and irritation5. If you notice symptoms after consuming A. aspera, you must consult your primary healthcare professional immediately9. As a precaution, it is important to consult a doctor before consuming this medicine to confirm whether it is safe for you.
Precautions While Using Achyranthes Aspera
The paste made from A. aspera should be used carefully, as it may sometimes cause skin irritation or rashes. To reduce this risk, it is traditionally applied along with cooling substances such as ice.
Consuming A. aspera in excessive amounts may lead to nausea and vomiting.
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the use of A. aspera is best done only under the guidance of a qualified medical practitioner.
The use of A. aspera supplements is not recommended for children under 12 years of age5.
Achyranthes Aspera is a traditional medicinal herb or weed all over India. Almost all the parts (seeds, roots, and shoots) of A. aspera are used to prepare traditional medicines.
A. aspera may support the management of boils, asthma, in facilitating delivery, bleeding, bronchitis, debility, dropsy, cold, colic, cough, dog bite, snake bite, scorpion bite, dysentery, earache, headache, leukoderma, renal complications, pneumonia, and skin diseases.
Can Achyranthes Aspera help in menstrual disorders?
Yes, traditionally, A. aspera is used for menstrual disorders like dysmenorrhoea. However, there is limited scientific evidence to prove this effect.
Is Achyranthes Aspera supplement helpful in wound healing?
A. aspera supplements may support wound healing due to their tannin content, which is known to have astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. A. aspera supplements may also help improve blood flow to the wound. This synergistic effect maysupport faster wound healing.
Is Achyranthes Aspera (Apamarg) used in the treatment of ulcers?
A. Aspera supplement may support ulcer management as it contains a mixture of anti-ulcer and gastroprotective bioactive compounds. A. aspera supplements may be helpful in lowering the volume of gastric juice and total acidity, thereby increasing the pH of gastric juice. This may help in managing ulcer-related problems.
Salam MA, Ahmad A, Sadiq F, Tariq TF, Rasheed N, Shah MA, Aarab M, Anwar M, Khurram M. Assessment of phytochemical and pharmacognostic properties of flowers of Achyranthes Aspera. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2023;30(17):743–55. doi:10.53555/jptcp.v30i17.3727. Available from: https://jptcp.com/index.php/jptcp/article/view/3727
Rani N, Sharma SK, Vasudeva N. Assessment of Antiobesity Potential of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Seed. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:715912. doi: 10.1155/2012/715912. Epub 2012 Jun 27. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22919417/
Rajeshwari T, Suresh R, Sudhakar M. Anti-urolithiatic activity of saponin rich fraction from the methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in Wistar rats. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2023;13(09):197–203. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2023.144912. Available from: https://japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/4032_pdf.pdf
Warke PD, Upadhayay A, Kale MK. Evaluation of diuretic activity of Achyranthes aspera leaves extracts. Res J Pharm Technol. 2018;11(12):5394–6. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00984.8. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2018-11-12-33
Shibeshi W, Makonnen E, Zerihun L, Debella A. Effect of Achyranthes aspera L. on fetal abortion, uterine and pituitary weights, serum lipids and hormones. Afr Health Sci. 2006 Jun;6(2):108–112. PMCID: PMC1831979. PMID: 16916302. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1831979/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the informationprovided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove
What is Magnesium Glycinate? Benefits, Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
Introduction
Magnesium is an important mineral that may help the body in several processes, including producing energy, helping muscles move, and supporting nerves to send signals. It also helps control blood sugar and blood pressure. Most of the magnesium is stored in bones and muscles, and only a small amount circulates in the blood. Low magnesium levels in blood can cause muscle cramps, weakness, poor nerve function, and even serious heart problem1,2.
When magnesium levels drop, doctors may recommend the most suitable form of magnesium supplementation to meet individual needs. There are different types of magnesium supplements available, like magnesium oxide, citrate, chloride, lactate, and glycinate. Among these, magnesium glycinate is a well-absorbed form in which magnesium is bound to an amino acid called glycine. This combination not only improves absorption but also makes it gentler on the stomach, reducing the chance of digestive discomfort compared to other forms. Magnesium glycinate has been shown to be helpful for people experiencing stress, anxiety, sleep difficulties, or tiredness3,4.
In this blog, we will explore magnesium glycinate benefits, uses, side effects, and foods containing magnesium glycinate.
What Is Magnesium Glycinate?
Magnesium glycinate is a nutritional supplement that provides the body with magnesium. In this form, magnesium is joined with glycine, a small building block of protein. Together, they form a stable compound called a chelate4,5. This may help the body absorb magnesium better, giving it high bioavailability. Bioavailability means the amount of magnesium the body can actually use after taking it6.
The amount absorbed may depend on many factors. Internal factors include age, overall health, and how much magnesium is already in the body. External factors include the dose, the type of food eaten with it, and the form of the supplement. Some suppliers of raw materials do not fully join magnesium with glycine. Instead, they may just mix magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide with glycine and call it magnesium glycinate. This is only a dry mix of two separate compounds, with little or no actual bonding, so it is not the same as true magnesium glycinate. It is recommended to choose a high-quality, approved supplement with good formulation4,6.
Next, we will look at the benefits of magnesium glycinate.
Benefits of Magnesium Glycinate
Magnesium glycinate may be recommended when the body’s magnesium levels are low, or when magnesium from food is not enough5,7. It is considered useful for supporting various areas of health including:
1. Brain and Nerve Health
Magnesium supplementation may play an important role in calming certain brain switches called NMDA receptors, which may become overactive when magnesium levels are low. It may also help relax blood vessels and aid in circulation to support healthy brain and nerve function4,8.
2. Blood Sugar and Energy
Magnesium supplementation, along with zinc, selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin E, may show positive effects in regulating blood sugar. It may help improve insulin sensitivity, keeping fasting sugar levels under control. It may also help maintain healthy cholesterol levels in people with diabetes and heart disease.
3. Improve Bone Health
Magnesium is needed to convert vitamin D into its active form, helping the body absorb calcium and support parathyroid hormone activity. Supplementation with magnesium may contribute to bone health, especially when combined with vitamin D and calcium. It may also help lower bone turnover in elderly women after menopause.
4. Heart Benefits
Magnesium taken orally may act as a natural calcium channel blocker, which can help ease blood vessel tension, improve blood vessel function in the heart, and may even help control blood pressure in people with diabetes and heart disease.
5. Improve Muscle Function
Magnesium may help in muscle contraction. When levels are low, magnesium deficiency can cause muscle cramps. By restoring magnesium levels, muscle function may improve3,7.
6. Kidney Stone Prevention
Magnesium supplementation may reduce calcium oxalate crystal formation and decrease intestinal oxalate absorption, helping prevent kidney stone formation6.
7. Mental Health and Sleep
Magnesium helps the body make serotonin, a chemical that affects mood and feelings of happiness. Magnesium supplementation may help calm the brain by slowing overactive signals and supporting relaxing signals (GABA agonist), which can make it easier to feel calm and sleep better, but these effects are not very strong or consistent3,7.
8. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support
Magnesium glycinate may help protect the body from oxidative stress and help fight inflammation in the body owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties3,8.
An important benefit of magnesium glycinate is that it is a chelated form, where magnesium is bonded with glycine. It is well absorbed by the body, with some of it taken in as a small, complete unit called a dipeptide in the upper part of the small intestine. This special absorption makes it gentle on the stomach and an effective option compared to other types of magnesium supplements4,6.
Note: While initial studies have shown benefits of magnesium supplementation, further large-scale human-trials are needed to confirm these.
Magnesium Glycinate Uses
Magnesium glycinate may be used in the management of several health conditions including:
Magnesium deficiency: Magnesium glycinate is a type of supplement that may be used to manage magnesium deficiency (low magnesium in the blood, also called hypomagnesemia), which can happen if the diet is low in magnesium, or if the body loses magnesium due to illness or certain surgeries5,7.
General health: Magnesium glycinate may help reduce tiredness (fatigue, feeling very tired) and keep the balance of electrolytes, which happen due to low magnesium. It may support healthy muscles, heart function, protein production, strong bones, healthy teeth, and connective tissue health in those who are deficient with magnesium9.
Sleep: Magnesium supplementation may help improve sleep in older adults with low magnesium. It may help with sleep quality, how long it takes to fall asleep, total sleep time, early morning waking, and overall sleep efficiency3,10.
Mood and anxiety: Magnesium glycinate use may also help with mood and managing depression. It may also reduce anxiety in people sensitive to stress7,10,11.
Muscle cramps: Magnesium does not usually reduce normal leg cramps, but it may help muscles relax in women especially in pregnancy leg cramps7,12.
Headaches and migraines: Magnesium may be used along with other treatments to prevent migraine headaches in some cases. Magnesium glycinate may reduce the severity and frequency of migraine headaches in these situations4.
After surgery or absorption problems: People who had surgery, like removal of part of the intestines (ileal resection), or have conditions affecting nutrient absorption, may be at risk of low magnesium. Magnesium glycinate is absorbed well in the intestines and may be used in these cases13.
Combined supplements: Magnesium glycinate is often included in multivitamins or combination supplements. These may have B-complex vitamins, malic acid, vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, selenium, chromium, and amino acids4.
Thus, magnesium glycinate may be useful inmanaging magnesium deficiency and related health issues, and next we will see how it compares with other types of magnesium in effectiveness, absorption, and tolerance.
Magnesium Glycinate vs. Other Forms
Magnesium supplements come in many forms, mainly divided into two types: inorganic or organic. Inorganic forms, like magnesium oxide, may provide a high amount of magnesium but may not be absorbed well in the gut. Organic forms, like magnesium citrate, may dissolve more easily and may be absorbed better1.
One important magnesium glycinate benefit is, it is one of the organic forms that is gentle on the gut and may usually cause fewer stomach issues or loose stools compared to some other forms. It has high bioavailability and is usually absorbed well in the gut14,15. Thus, it may be a suitable option for long-term use and for people with special needs, like after intestinal surgery (ileal resection), where absorption is affected13.
Other forms of magnesium may vary in absorption and effects:
Magnesium citrate: It may be absorbed well and may help digestion and mild constipation.
Magnesium malate: It may help energy and muscle function.
Magnesium L-threonate: It may support memory and cognition.
Magnesium chloride: It may help muscles and electrolyte balance.
Magnesium sulphate: It may be used for low magnesium, constipation, or specific medical purposes.
Magnesium lactate & aspartate: They may help maintain magnesium levels and may be gentle on the stomach.
Magnesium oxide: They may provide magnesium cheaply but may be absorbed poorly3,4.
Overall, magnesium glycinate may offer better absorption, higher bioavailability, and fewer digestive issues, and may be a well-tolerated choice compared to many other forms of magnesium.
Signs of Magnesium Deficiency
Low magnesium may not always show clear signs, especially if the shortage is mild. However, when the deficiency becomes excessive, it may affect muscles, nerves, and the heart.
Muscles and nerves: You may feel weak, have trembling, or muscle twitches. Severe magnesium deficiency may sometimes cause signs related to low calcium, such as facial twitching when tapping the face (Chvostek’s sign) or hand and forearm spasms when a blood pressure cuff is applied (Trousseau’s sign).
Heart: Low magnesium may cause irregular heartbeat, fast heart rate, or changes on a heart test (ECG).
Brain and nerves: It may lead to mood changes like feeling sad or agitated, confusion, rapid eye movements (nystagmus), or in severe cases, seizures.
People with conditions like diabetes may be more likely to have low magnesium, and long-term deficiency may increase the risk of heart problems6,7.
Dosage: How Much Should You Take?
Magnesium glycinate may be prescribed in different amounts depending on the situation. The recommended dose is mostly 200- 400mg of elemental magnesium per day, sometimes given in divided doses. At higher doses, side effects like diarrhoea may occur4.
For general purposes, around 200 mg per day may be prescribed at first, and the dose may be gradually increased if needed.
For migraine prevention, 400 to 600 mg per day may be recommended under medical supervision4,14.
For depression, 125 to 300 mg daily may be prescribed by the doctor16.
The doctor may decide the exact dose based on your individual needs, condition, and health situation.
Side Effects
Magnesium glycinate is generally well tolerated, and side effects are uncommon. Some people may notice mild stomach issues at high doses of supplements, which can sometimes cause loose stools, nausea, or abdominal cramps. Very high levels may rarely lead to more serious issues like low blood pressure, extreme tiredness, or irregular heartbeat3,7.Other effects like sleep changes, headaches, dizziness, increased thirst, frequent urination, or joint pain are very rare or unlikely14,17.
When you experience these magnesium glycinate side effects, you need to pay attention and let your doctor know. Your doctor may adjust the dose or check for interactions with any medicines you are taking. The dose your doctor decides may depend on your health condition and what magnesium is prescribed for.
Foods Rich in Magnesium
Foods do not naturally have magnesium glycinate, but many contain magnesium itself, which the body can use. Green leafy vegetables like spinach and kale, legumes such as beans and lentils, nuts including almonds and cashews, and seeds like pumpkin or chia are good sources. Whole grains, brown rice, soy products, and some dairy like milk and yogurt also provide magnesium. Certain breakfast cereals are fortified with magnesium to add extra amounts.
The amount of magnesium in foods can vary depending on how they are processed. For example, refined grains lose magnesium when the nutrient-rich parts are removed. Water can also contain magnesium, though levels vary by source. Eating a mix of these foods helps the body get enough magnesium to support normal functions.
Examples of magnesium-rich foods: spinach, kale, beans, lentils, almonds, cashews, pumpkin seeds, chia seeds, brown rice, oatmeal, milk, yoghurt, salmon, and avocado2,7.
Magnesium glycinate may be a helpful option when your body needs extra magnesium or food alone is not enough to meet the needs. It may be absorbed well, is gentle on the stomach, and suitable for long-term use in healthy adults with normal kidney function, or for special needs, like after intestinal surgery. People with kidney problems should use it with caution and under monitoring. Other forms of magnesium may work differently in absorption and tolerance. Your doctor may decide if magnesium glycinate is right for you, and the exact dose will depend on your health and what it is prescribed for.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Which magnesium is best for high blood pressure?
Magnesium in forms like citrate, oxide, aspartate, and chloride are used to support healthy blood pressure. No single form is shown to be superior; dose and duration are more important. A daily intake of about 400-500 mg may be associated with blood pressure benefits. Among the types, magnesium citrate is absorbed well, oxide may sometimes upset the stomach, and magnesium glycinate is gentle and its use in high blood pressure is under research4,18.
Is magnesium glycinate a sleeping pill?
Magnesium glycinate is not a sleeping pill. It may support relaxation and calm the nervous system, which can help with sleep in some people. Your doctor may decide if it is appropriate for your sleep needs3,7.
Is magnesium glycinate good for migraines?
Magnesium glycinate may be used to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine headaches. It is well absorbed and gentle on digestion. Your doctor may advise if it is suitable for your situation and the correct dose4.
What does magnesium glycinate do to the brain?
Magnesium glycinate may help regulate nerve signals in the brain, supporting calmness and normal function. It may help protect nerve cells and support overall brain activity4,8.
What is the best time to take magnesium glycinate?
The best time to take magnesium glycinate depends on doctor guidance and the condition being treated. Some people may take it at different times, in divided doses, or after meals or at bedtime. Timing can vary and should follow individual recommendations16,18.
References
Blancquaert L, Vervaet C, Derave W. Predicting and Testing Bioavailability of Magnesium Supplements. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 20;11(7):1663. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6683096/
Cepeda V, Ródenas-Munar M, García S, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Unlocking the Power of Magnesium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Regarding Its Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants. 2025 Jun 16;14(6):740–0. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/740
Pardo MR, Garicano Vilar E, San Mauro Martín I, Camina Martín MA. Bioavailability of magnesium food supplements: A systematic review. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif) [Internet]. 2021 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Nov 8]; 89:111294. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34111673/
Abbasi B, Masud Kimiagar, Khosro Sadeghniiat, Shirazi MM, Hedayati M, Bahram Rashidkhani. The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [Internet]. 2012 Dec;17(12):1161. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3703169/
Boyle N, Lawton C, Dye L. The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress—A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2017 Apr 26;9(5):429. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28445426/
Schuette SA, Lashner BA, Janghorbani M. Bioavailability of magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide in patients with ileal resection. JPEN Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition [Internet]. 1994;18(5):430–5. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7815675/
102.Aniebo Umoh E, Obembe AO, Ikpi DE, Ekpenyong Eniang-Esien O, Okon Asuquo J, Effiom-Ekaha OO. Effect of chronic administration of magnesium supplement (magnesium glycinate) on male albino wistar rats’ intestinal (Ileum) motility, body weight changes, food and water intake. Heliyon [Internet]. 2023 Aug 1;9(8):e19042. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37636381/
103.Eby GA, Eby KL. Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment. Medical Hypotheses [Internet]. 2006 Jan;67(2):362–70. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16542786/
104.Schuster J, Igor Cycelskij, Lopresti A, Hahn A. Magnesium Bisglycinate Supplementation in Healthy Adults Reporting Poor Sleep: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nature and Science of Sleep [Internet]. 2025 Aug 1 [cited 2025 Sep 17];Volume 17:2027–40. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12412596/
ClinicalTrials.gov. Magnesium Supplementation and Blood Pressure Reduction. Study record for NCT03688503 [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2018 Nov 16 [cited 2025 Sep 17]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03688503
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the informationprovided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
2
Liraglutide: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Complete Patient Guide
Introduction
Liraglutide is a medicine belonging to the group of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) typically used for management of diabetes. It works like the body’s natural hormone GLP-1, which helps lower blood sugar by increasing insulin reducing glucagon (a hormone that raises blood sugar), and slowing how quickly food leaves the stomach so sugar levels rise more steadily after meals. It also helps to reduce appetite. Because of these actions, it is useful for managing blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes and for supporting weight management in individuals with obesity1,2.
This medicine is available in two brands: Victoza and Saxenda3,4. The U.S. FDA approved Victoza in 2010 for diabetes control, while Saxenda was approved in 2014 for weight management at a higher dose2.
In this blog, we will try to explain how liraglutide works, its recommended dosage, possible side effects, precautions, and helpful tips for its safe use.
What is Liraglutide?
Liraglutide is a prescription medicine approved for the following medical conditions:
It is prescribed to help manage blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes when the body does not make enough insulin or cannot use it effectively. It helps control blood sugar not by producing insulin directly but by supporting the body’s own natural hormones (incretin effect). This means it encourages the pancreas to release insulin when sugar levels are high and reduces glucagon. It is used along with healthy eating and exercise to improve blood sugar control1,5.
It is also used for long-term weight control in adults who are overweight or obese and have health problems related to excess weight. This includes adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (obese), or adults with a BMI of 27 or higher (overweight) who also have conditions such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, or abnormal cholesterol4.
Additionally, liraglutide is used to reduce the chance of heart attack, stroke, or death in those who have both type 2 diabetes and heart disease1,5.
How Liraglutide Works?
Liraglutide works by copying the action of the GLP-1 hormone in the body. GLP-1 hormone has four main roles. It helps the pancreas release insulin when blood sugar is high. It reduces the release of another hormone called glucagon, which normally raises blood sugar. It slows down how food leaves the stomach so blood sugar rises more gradually after meals. It also acts on the brain to reduce appetite and give a feeling of fullness1,6.
Liraglutide medicine is almost 97% similar to the GLP-1 our body makes. This medicine attaches to special spots (receptors) not only on the pancreas but also in the gut and brain, which helps regulate sugar and appetite. On the pancreas, it encourages release of insulin and reduces glucagon. This lowers blood sugar and keeps it in the correct level. Importantly, this medicine does not make the body release too much insulin when sugar is normal or low.
It also acts on the brain, especially in areas like the hypothalamus and brainstem to reduce hunger and food intake7. It may increase the body’s sensitivity to leptin, the hormone that signals fullness, which helps give a feeling of satiety1,8. Another special feature of liraglutide is that it does not break down easily, so its effects last longer. Because of these effects, liraglutide helps manage blood sugar in diabetes patients and also supports weight loss in obese individuals1,9.
Liraglutide Brand Names & Generic Availability
Liraglutide is commonly available under 2 brand names- Victoza and Saxenda. Even though they contain the same drug, they are used for different health conditions.
Victoza is used for people with type 2 diabetes. It helps to lower blood sugar levels when combined with healthy food choices and regular exercise. This medicine is not used for type 1 diabetes or for serious conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. It is also not meant to be taken with insulin. People who had problems with the pancreas in the past need to be careful with it.
Saxenda is used to help manage body weight. It is given to adults who are overweight or obese, especially if they also have health issues like high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol. It works best when combined with a low-calorie diet and regular physical activity. Saxenda is not a treatment for type 2 diabetes and should not be taken with insulin or with similar medicines.
Victoza comes as an injection pen with doses such as 0.6 mg, 1.2 mg, or 1.8 mg. While Saxenda also comes as an injection pen, it comes as Liraglutide doses ranging from 0.6 mg up to 3 mg. Both are usually started at a low dose of 0.6 mg and then Victoza is gradually increased to 1.2–1.8 mg for diabetes but Saxenda may be given till 3 mg for weight management3,4.
Liraglutide is sold under different brand names and is available in many countries across the world.
In the United States, it is sold as Victoza for type 2 diabetes and as Saxenda for weight management3,4.
In the United Kingdom, it is available as Victoza for diabetes, Saxenda for obesity, and Xultophy, which combines liraglutide with insulin10.
In European countries, both Victoza and Saxenda are approved by the European Medicines Agency11,12.
In India, liraglutide brand name is Lirafit, which was approved in January 2024, launched by Glenmark Pharmaceuticals13,14.
In Russia, it is marketed as Eligria, which is a brand name for liraglutide, mainly used for obesity treatment15.
In Australia, it is sold as Victoza for type 2 diabetes and also to reduce the risk of heart disease in diabetic patients16.
Recently, the US FDA has approved a generic liraglutide version for treating type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise. It’s the first generic Liraglutide and only the second GLP-1 receptor agonist allowed as a generic. This aims to improve the accessibility and affordability of this medication for a wider population17.
Liraglutide Dosage & Administration
The liraglutide dosing is different depending on whether it is used for diabetes management or for weight management.
For diabetes management, the dose usually starts at 0.6 mg once daily for the first week. This low dose helps the body adjust. After one week, it may be raised to 1.2 mg daily and further increased to 1.8 mg daily if needed, as guided by the doctor3.
For weight management, the treatment begins at 0.6 mg daily in the first week, then increases step by step: 1.2 mg in the second week, 1.8 mg in the third week, 2.4 mg in the fourth week, and finally 3 mg from the fifth week onward, as prescribed by the doctor. If the patient has not lost at least 4% of their starting body weight by by week 16 while on 3 mg daily, the doctor may stop the treatment4.
The medicine is available as liraglutide injection pens. It is injected under the skin, usually in the stomach, thigh, or upper arm, and should not be injected into a vein or muscle. To avoid swelling or small lumps, the liraglutide injection site should be changed each time. The injection is to be taken once daily at about the same time, following doctor’s instructions. It is important to follow the step-up schedule carefully and not take it more than prescribed4,5.
Missed Dose & Overdose Guidance
If a liraglutide dose is missed, the next dose can be taken as per usual schedule on the following day. There is no need to take an extra dose to make up for the missed one. If the medicine is missed for 3 days or more, doctor should be consulted before restarting the treatment. He may restart from the lower starting dose (0.6 mg) and gradually increase again to avoid stomach-related side effects.
In case of an overdose of liraglutide, symptoms such as severe nausea and vomiting may occur. It can also lower blood sugar (hypoglycaemia), especially if taken along with other medicines that reduce blood sugar, such as insulin or sulfonylureas. If this happens, seek medical help immediately. If after taking the medicine a patient collapses, has a seizure, has trouble breathing, or does not wake up, they must be taken to the hospital without delay4,5.
Common Side Effects of Liraglutide
Some patients taking liraglutide injection may experience mild side effects, including:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, or decreased appetite (these are the most common, especially in the first few weeks)
Feeling tired or weak
Headache
Constipation
Heartburn or upset stomach
Redness, rash, or itching at the injection site
Changes in blood sugar may also be noticed, though this is uncommon when liraglutide is taken alone. The risk of low blood sugar increases mainly when combined with other medicines like insulin or sulfonylureas. Signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) can include:
Liraglutide may slow stomach emptying, which can affect how oral medicines work. Most medicines are not affected by liraglutide, but some, like digoxin, lisinopril, paracetamol, and birth-control pills, may have small changes in how they are absorbed. For this reason, doctors may adjust the timing of these medicines so that they do not interfere with each other1.
When liraglutide is taken together with other anti-diabetic medicines such as sulfonylureas, there is a risk of lowering blood sugar too much, which is called hypoglycaemia. Liraglutide can be used with sulfonylureas or insulin, but the dose of these medicines may need to be reduced, and blood sugar should be monitored carefully3.
It is best to limit or completely avoid alcohol while using liraglutide. Liraglutide itself does not directly interact with alcohol, but people with diabetes who also use insulin or sulfonylureas may face a higher risk of low blood sugar when they drink. Alcohol can also increase the risk of pancreatitis, which makes it unsafe for people taking liraglutide19,20.
Lifestyle & Diet Tips While on Liraglutide
When taking liraglutide, it’s important to follow proper certain lifestyle and dietary changes. These include:
Eating slowly and in small portions in more frequent meals that helps reduce Liraglutide side effects, such as nausea.
Stopping to eat when full.
Staying hydrated by drinking up to 2–3 litres per day.
Including high-fibre foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Gradually increase fibre intake along with good fluid intake to prevent constipation21,22.
Exercising regularly. Aim for a 30-minute brisk walk 5 days per week and 2 days of muscle-strengthening exercises23.
Taking the medicine along with following a proper diet and exercise helps achieve better results.
Storage & Handling of Liraglutide
When using liraglutide injection, these instructions for proper storage and handling must always be followed:
Before using liraglutide for the first time, it should be kept in the refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Do not store it in the freezer.
If the pen is unopened and kept in the refrigerator, it is safe to use until the expiry date printed on the pack.
After starting to use the injection, it can be kept at room temperature or in the refrigerator for up to 30 days. Always keep the pen cap on when not in use.
Do not store it in direct heat or sunlight.
Always remove and safely throw away the needle after each injection.
Store the pen without the needle attached to prevent contamination, infection, or leakage4.
Conclusion
Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that helps manage blood sugar in type 2 diabetes and supports weight control in adults with obesity. This injection should be used safely by following the doctor’s prescribed dose, proper injection technique, along with recommended lifestyle changes. Always work closely with your doctor for personalised dosage and monitoring. Do not adjust the dose on your own, and report severe abdominal pain (possible pancreatitis), continuous vomiting, swelling in the neck (possible thyroid issue), or any other unusual side effects of liraglutide promptly to ensure your treatment is safe and effective.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How to pronounce “liraglutide”?
Liraglutide is pronounced “leer-a-gloo-tide.” Break it into parts: leer – a – gloo – tide for correct pronunciation5.
Is liraglutide safe long-term?
Yes, liraglutide is safe for long-term use, even up to five years, with studies showing sustained blood sugar and weight control in diabetic and overweight patients24.
What is the difference between Victoza & Saxenda?
Victoza is approved to manage blood sugar in type 2 diabetes, given in doses of 0.6 to 1.8 mg daily, while Saxenda is used for weight loss in overweight or obese adults, in doses of 0.6 to 3 mg. Both contain liraglutide as the main active ingredient2,3,4.
Should I check my sugar levels when I am on liraglutide injection?
If liraglutide is prescribed for diabetes, the doctor may ask you to get sugar tests and an HbA1c test, which shows your average sugar over 2–3 months. Sometimes, you may also be asked to check your sugar at home. When liraglutide is prescribed only for weight management, the doctor may focus more on checking your heart rate and weight regularly5.
Collins L, Costello RA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [Internet]. PubMed. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/
Secher A, Jelsing J, Baquero AF, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Cowley MA, Dalbøge LS, et al. The arcuate nucleus mediates GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide-dependent weight loss. The Journal of Clinical Investigation [Internet]. 2014 Oct 1 [cited 2021 May 24];124(10):4473–88. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215190/
Iepsen EW, Lundgren J, Dirksen C, Jensen J-EB, Pedersen O, Hansen T, et al. Treatment with a GLP-1 receptor agonist diminishes the decrease in free plasma leptin during maintenance of weight loss. International Journal of Obesity. 2014 Oct 7;39(5):834–41. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2014177
Kalaria T, Ko YL, Issuree KKJ. Literature review: drug and alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia. Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine [Internet]. 2021 Jul 30 [cited 2022 May 31];6(0). Available from: https://jlpm.amegroups.com/article/view/6405/html
Molina-Castro M, Rowitz B, Pepino MY. Glucagon-like peptide-1, fibroblast growth factor 21, and other endocrine responses to alcohol ingestion in women before and after metabolic surgery. Front Pharmacol. 2025 May 22;16:1575156. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1575156. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12137268/
Gorgojo-Martínez JJ, Mezquita-Raya P, Carretero-Gómez J, Castro A, Cebrián-Cuenca A, de Torres-Sánchez A, et al. Clinical Recommendations to Manage Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus. Journal of Clinical Medicine [Internet]. 2023 Jan 1;12(1):145. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/1/145
Astrup A, Carraro R, Finer N, Harper A, Kunesova M, Lean MEJ, et al. Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. International Journal of Obesity [Internet]. 2011 Aug 16;36(6):843–54. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2011158
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
1
Liver Fibrosis: What Is It, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Introduction
Liver fibrosis is a condition in which the liver gets damaged and scarred due to an inflammation that has been present for a long time, because of which the liver does not work properly. This damage is caused due to various reasons, such as an infection with the hepatitis B or C virus, or when you have a fatty liver disease. Over time, this can become worse, where the damage becomes irreversible, leading to liver failure1,2.
A recent study3 found that about 2 in 100 people may already have serious liver scarring based on blood tests, and 7 in 100 may have fibrosis seen on scans.
As liver fibrosis can lead to serious liver problems, it is important for you to know about this condition, what causes it, what liver fibrosis symptoms to look for, how it is diagnosed and treated, which we will be discussing in this blog3.
What is Liver Fibrosis?
The liver is an important organ in our body. It makes bile, which is used to break down fats, removes toxins from the body, makes cholesterol and essential fats, and stores vitamins4.
Constant injury caused by an infection such as hepatitis, fatty liver or as side effects of some medicines, triggers inflammation in the liver. Over time, the liver tries to heal itself by activating special liver cells called hepatic stellate cells. These cells act like scar-forming (fibrous) cells and produce more extracellular proteins like collagen fibres. Slowly, this leads to thickening and scar tissue formation in the injured area, called fibrosis.
Over time, as the scarring progresses, it can lead to serious liver damage (cirrhosis). This not only affects liver function but also leads to several complications5,6.
Now that we know what is liver fibrosis, let us see the stages of liver fibrosis.
Staging of Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis happens slowly, and doctors will say which liver fibrosis stage a person has based on how much scarring has occurred. This is determined on histopathology (by liver biopsy).
There are several staging systems used for liver fibrosis such as the Knodell, Ishak and METAVIR systems. According to the commonly used METAVIR system, liver fibrosis has 5 stages, Stage 0 to Stage 4, which are as follows:
Stage 0: No fibrosis
Stage 1: Portal fibrosis without septa (suggestive of mild fibrosis)
Stage 2: Portal fibrosis with few septa (suggestive of moderate fibrosis)
Stage 3: Portal fibrosis with numerous septa (suggestive of severe fibrosis)
Stage 4: Cirrhosis (suggestive of a serious stage where liver function becomes very poor, and complications start to appear)
The liver fibrosis stages help doctors decide the right liver fibrosis treatment and check the risk of serious problems like liver failure. The staging can also show if complications are likely to happen2,6.
What are the Causes of Liver Fibrosis?
Liver fibrosis mainly occurs due to long-term injury to the liver (hepatotoxic injury). This can be due to the following factors2:
Hepatitis B and C viruses: These viruses attack liver cells, triggering constant inflammation and long-term damage, leading to fibrosis5,7.
Alcohol-related liver disease: The liver helps break down alcohol. But when alcohol is taken in excess, it damages liver cells and leads to fibrosis8.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Obesity, poor diet, low physical activity and conditions like diabetes cause fat to build up in the liver. This triggers inflammation and liver cell damage, eventually causing fibrosis. This happens because the body does not respond well to insulin, which over time damages liver cells and causes fibrosis9.
Drug-induced liver injury: Certain medicines like those that suppress the immune system, such as those used after transplants (such as methotrexate, azathioprine, and tacrolimus), may cause liver damage and fibrosis10.
Autoimmune hepatitis: Sometimes, the body’s own immune system creates antibodies that attack liver cells. This leads to liver damage, inflammation, and over time, fibrosis8.
Inherited conditions in children: Some children are born with rare genetic problems that can lead to fibrosis if not treated early. These include Wilson’s disease, where too much copper builds up in the liver; hereditary hemochromatosis, which causes iron overload; alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, where a protective protein is missing; and cystic fibrosis, where thick mucus blocks the bile flow from the liver11.
Another reason for fibrosis is cholestatic liver injury, which happens when bile cannot flow properly. This can result from conditions that affect or block the bile ducts. Examples include Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), where the immune system attacks the small bile ducts inside the liver; Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC), which leads to inflammation and scarring of bile ducts inside and outside the liver; and Biliary Atresia, a condition present at birth where bile ducts are blocked or missing. When bile starts to build up in the liver, it damages the liver cells and causes inflammation. Special cells near the bile ducts (called portal fibroblasts) then form scars on the liver2,5.
Symptoms of Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis symptoms are mostly absent or mild andusually appear when the scarring progresses.
The common symptoms seen include:
Feeling tired
Not able to eat properly
Nausea
Loss of weight
Pain in the abdomen
Yellowing of skin and eyes (signs of jaundice)
Dark-coloured urine, pale stools, and itching (signs of obstruction to bile flow)12,13
Liver fibrosis, when in the early stage, can improve if the cause of injury is removed. But if the injury continues for many months or years, the fibrosis becomes irreversible and leads to a severe condition called liver cirrhosis, which can result in several complications.
Complications of Liver Fibrosis
The complications of liver fibrosis occur either due to direct damage to liver cells or increased pressure in the portal vein (a large blood vessel that carries blood to the liver), a condition known as portal hypertension. These include10,24:
Excess fluid in the belly (ascites)
Bleeding from veins inside the food pipe (variceal bleeding)
Toxin buildup in brain (hepatic encephalopathy)
Kidney failure linked to liver disease (hepatorenal syndrome)
Lung issues (hepatopulmonary syndrome)
Liver cancer
Poor clotting (coagulopathy)
When these complications arise, symptoms such as easy bruising and bleeding, swelling of legs and abdomen, confusion, forgetfulness, mood changes, and sleep disturbances, and breathing difficulty can occur, which need immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is usually checked in people who have long-term liver problems like hepatitis B or C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or other liver conditions such as autoimmune or bile duct diseases. Doctors may use the following methods to diagnose liver fibrosis14:
1. Blood tests: There are new blood scoring tests now commonly used by doctors because they are simple, avoid biopsy in many cases, and help detect liver fibrosis early. More people are also searching about these tests to know what they mean. These include special scores like:
FIB-4 Index: This is a score calculated based on blood test results of platelets, AST, ALT, and age. The test is used to detect likelihood of fibrosis in individuals with viral hepatitis or those with NAFLD. A high score indicates greater possibility of advanced fibrosis, wherein further testing or liver biopsy is needed15.
NFS (NAFLD Fibrosis Score): This score helps to find out if fatty liver disease has scarring or not by calculating a score based on BMI and blood sugar levels in addition to factors used for FIB-4 scoring16.
MAF-5 Score: The Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fibrosis 5 (MAF-5) score helps to predict the fibrosis risk in those with metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes. The score uses waist size, BMI, sugar status, AST, and platelets to show if you are at low, medium, or high risk and also correlates with the chance of death17.
ELF test: The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score is calculated using three blood markers: TIMP-1, PIIINP, and hyaluronic acid. It helps check for advanced liver scarring (fibrosis) in people with fatty liver disease caused by obesity or diabetes and is considered to be diagnostically accurate17,18.
FibroTest: It is a blood test panel where the score is calculated based on levels of alpha2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A1, haptoglobin, total bilirubin, and GGT, adjusted for age and gender. The score ranges from 0 to 1, and a value above 0.58 suggests severe fibrosis, helping to check liver damage in people with long-term liver diseases20.
FibroMeter: It is a panel of blood tests that checks how much scarring (fibrosis) is there in the liver. It is used for different liver problems like hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease, or fatty liver, and helps find the stage of fibrosis without needing a biopsy21.
Other blood tests used to check for liver fibrosis are some indirect tests which investigate the liver enzymes, platelets, and bilirubin which shows how the liver is working, though it doesn’t directly show the fibrosis. But direct tests are also there which check for substances made or broken-down during scarring like collagen, laminin, and TGF beta. These tests are often combined to get an idea on the level of liver damage and fibrosis23.
2. Imaging tests: They are non-invasive methods used to detect liver fibrosis and determine its stage. Besides the traditional methods like ultrasound, CT and MRI, newer imaging modalities are also used, including:
FibroScan or Vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE): A special type of ultrasound that uses high-frequency sound waves to find out the amount of fibrosis in the liver22,23.
Acoustic radio force image (ARFI): It uses regular ultrasound with added pressure to measure liver scarring more accurately, even in people with obesity or fluid build-up.
2D shear wave elastography: It gives a detailed real-time picture of liver scarring with high accuracy, but more expensive and needs trained people to do it.
Real time elastography (Hi-RTE): In this, the evaluation of fibrosis is obtained after compressing manually.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) – This is a special MRI scan that checks how stiff the liver is by sending gentle mechanical waves through it. It helps show how much liver damage is present and where it is, making it easier to understand and diagnose liver disease24.
3. Liver biopsy: Liver biopsy is the most accurate test to find out how much liver damage (fibrosis) is present and what is causing it. But since it is invasive and may cause pain or bleeding, doctors don’t always use it, especially when safer tests are available.
To get a correct diagnosis, doctors may combine blood tests with scans to get a clear idea about the extent of liver fibrosis10.
Treatment Options for Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis treatment focuses on removing the underlying cause of liver damage. When the cause is removed, it lowers inflammation and stops scar-forming cells from becoming active. This may slow down or improve liver scarring over time. The treatment options are:
Antiviral medicines: These are used to treat infections like hepatitis B or hepatitis C (infections caused by viruses that affect the liver). Medicines like faldaprevir, ribavirin, and peginterferon alfa-2a may help to reduce liver inflammation in viral hepatitis.
Biologic treatment: Drugs like simtuzumab have been shown to decrease the progression of fibrosis. Other drug trials are on way.
Iron or copper removal therapy/chelation therapy: In some inherited conditions like hereditary haemochromatosis (where the body stores too much iron) or Wilson’s disease (where the body stores too much copper), medicines or procedures are used to remove the excess iron or copper. This can reduce damage and help the liver recover.
Cholangitis medications: Medicines like ursodeoxycholic acid can be used to improve bile flow and prevent further liver damage.
Natural and supportive treatments: These include vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics, which may help reduce inflammation and support liver healing in some cases2,25.
If your condition occurs as a side effect of a medication you are taking, your doctor will stop/change the offending medicine to prevent further liver injury. In addition, there are certain lifestyle changes you can follow to help prevent turning fatty liver into fibrosis. These include1,2:
Lose weight and aim for a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9.
Eat a balanced diet high in fruits, nuts, vegetables, protein, and carbs but low in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats.
Be physically active by walking or cycling at least 150 minutes a week.
Avoid alcohol to prevent injury and help improve liver health and metabolism.
When to See a Doctor
If you have risk factors for liver fibrosis or are experiencing liver fibrosis symptoms mentioned above, you should see your doctor.
Immediate medical attention is required if you have been diagnosed with cirrhosis and there is:
Stools in black or tar-like colour
Worsening of yellowish appearance of skin and white of eyes
Blood in vomit
Fever and Confusion
These show that your condition may be worsening, and you need to address this as early as possible.
Conclusion
Liver fibrosis is a slow but ongoing injury that can become serious and lead to complications. If treated early, the damage can be reversed. By finding it early, removing the cause, making healthy lifestyle changes, and doing regular check-ups, we can manage it well and stop it from progressing into more severe liver problems.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Who is at higher risk of getting liver fibrosis?
Those who are older when they get a liver infection, those who are male, or those who have received an organ transplant are at higher risk of developing liver fibrosis. This risk is also seen in people who have hepatitis B or C along with HIV, those who drink alcohol, use drugs, have uncontrolled diabetes, high cholesterol, or who smoke6.
How can I prevent liver damage from hepatitis infection?
To avoid liver problems from hepatitis infection, prevent exposure to the virus by taking the Hepatitis B vaccine, practising safe sex, and not sharing needles26.
How long does it take for liver fibrosis to happen?
It’s different for each person. Some people never get fibrosis. In others, it may take many years to slowly develop. Some may take 20 years or more, while others can get liver damage faster and may even reach serious stages like cirrhosis in less than 20 years6.
Can having liver fibrosis increase my risk of falling?
Having liver fibrosis can increase your risk of falling, especially in more severe stages. When fibrosis gets worse, your muscles may become weak and lose coordination, which can make you more likely to fall. Some people also develop complications like hepatic encephalopathy, which affects memory and concentration and can cause you to lose your balance11.
Berumen J, Baglieri J, Kisseleva T, Mekeel K. Liver fibrosis: Pathophysiology and clinical implications. WIREs Mechanisms of Disease. 2020 Jul 26;13(1). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9479486/
Kim HY, Yu JH, Chon YE, Kim SU, Kim MN, Han JW, et al. Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical and Molecular Hepatology [Internet]. 2024 Sep 30 [cited 2025 Mar 24];30(Suppl):S199–213. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11493351/#sec21
Toosi AEK. Liver Fibrosis: Causes and Methods of Assessment, A Review. Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine = Revue Roumaine De Medecine Interne [Internet]. 2015 Oct 1 [cited 2021 Oct 5];53(4):304–14. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26939206/
CF Jieanu, Ungureanu B, DL Săndulescu, IA Gheonea, DR Tudorașcu, ME Ciurea, et al. Quantification of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of Medicine and Life [Internet]. 2015 Jul;8(3):285. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4556907/
Heyens LJM, Busschots D, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Francque S. Liver Fibrosis in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Liver Biopsy to Non-invasive Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Treatment. Frontiers in Medicine. 2021 Apr 14;8. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8079659/
Saleh AK, El-Masry TA, El-Kadem AH, Ashour NA, El-Mahdy NA. Exploring drug-induced liver injury: comprehensive insights into mechanisms and management of hepatotoxic agents. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025 Mar 28;11(1). Available from: https://fjps.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43094-025-00788-5
Scorza M, Elce A, Zarrilli F, Liguori R, Amato F, Castaldo G. Genetic Diseases That Predispose to Early Liver Cirrhosis. International Journal of Hepatology [Internet]. 2014;2014(713754):1–11. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijh/2014/713754/
Treeprasertsuk S. NAFLD fibrosis score: A prognostic predictor for mortality and liver complications among NAFLD patients. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2013;19(8):1219. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3587478/
Staff M. In adults with metabolic dysfunction, the MAF-5 score predicted risk for liver fibrosis (AUC range, 0.73 to 0.81) [Internet]. Acponline.org. 2024 [cited 2025 Jul 26]. Available from: https://diabetes.acponline.org/archives/2024/10/11/6.htm
Lichtinghagen R, Pietsch D, Bantel H, Manns MP, Brand K, Bahr MJ. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score: Normal values, influence factors and proposed cut-off values. Journal of Hepatology [Internet]. 2013 Aug [cited 2019 Oct 23];59(2):236–42. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827813001943
Alhinai A, Patel K, Fonseca VA, Sebastiani G. Non-invasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications [Internet]. 2021 Sep 1 [cited 2022 Mar 18];35(9):107978. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056872721001756
Gheorghe G, Bungău S, Ceobanu G, Ilie M, Bacalbaşa N, Bratu OG, et al. The non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association [Internet]. 2021 Feb 1;120(2):794–803. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664620303934
Premkumar M, Anand AC. Overview of Complications in Cirrhosis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 2022 Jul;12(4):1150–74. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9257866/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Bakuchi: Uses, Benefits, Dosage & Side Effects
Introduction
Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia) is a plant known for its medicinal value and grown in different parts of the world with tropical and sub-tropical climatic conditions. While Bakuchi or Babchi is its trade name, the plant is called by various names in India. These are:
Babchi or Bavanchi in Hindi
Anindavi, Kamboji or Avalguja in Sanskrit
Baukuchi in Kannada
Bhavanji in Telugu
Bavachi in Gujarati
Bavachya in Marathi
Karkokil in Malayalam
Karpokarisi in Tamil
Babechi in Urdu.
The plant is used in traditional medicine to prepare medicines for various illnesses. It can be consumed or applied superficially for managing skin conditions. Its roots, leaves, stems and seeds are useful to prepare medications for skin diseases, and has been used commonly in ayurveda for management of leprosy (that is why it is called ‘Kushtanashini’ or leprosy destroyer). Not just ayurveda, Bakuchi is also an important component used in Korean and Chinese medicine1.
In this blog, we will discuss in detail about the proposed therapeutic properties and benefits of Bakuchi. We will also explore how it is used and the potential side effects it may have.
Uses of Bakuchi in Traditional Medicine
Some effects of Bakuchi that make it a suitable candidate to prepare ayurvedic medications include:
The antibacterial property of the plant is beneficial for skin diseases caused due to Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis and even leprosy2.
Anti-inflammatory effect of Bakuchi is beneficial for skin ailments like leukoderma and dermatitis3. This also makes it helpful to manage respiratory illnesses like asthma and cough4.
The plant’s seeds can be used as an antidote to snake venom and scorpion sting due to its anticoagulant effect4.
The other property of the plant is its positive effect on reproductive health. It has estrogenic properties and can also act as an aphrodisiac5,6.
The bone forming property of the plant is helpful to manage bone disorders7.
Animal studies have shown that the plant has hepatoprotective properties useful in managing fatty liver disorder8.
The plant also has anti-tumor properties, which inhibit the multiplication of certain types of cancer cells as per some animal studies9.
In another animal study, its seed extracts showed antihelminthic properties against Ascaridia galli, an intestinal parasite of poultry10.
The plant has demonstrated neuroprotective activity and thus can help manage nerve degeneration diseases like Alzheimers11.
The plant also has antioxidant, analgesic, antidiabetic and antidiarrheal activity12.
There are several applications of Bakuchi in ayurveda, and initial research has also shown its health beneficial properties. Yet further large-scale human trials are needed to corroborate these findings.
I recently read an article that says, due to its Keshya quality, Bakuchi churna may help with hair growth and reduce dandruff when administered topically in Ayurveda. From my perspective, the use of Bakuchi churna should be done for awesome, long tresses. The quality and lustre of hair may also get enhanced. Grey hairs might also reduce with its regular use14.
Although Bakuchi has been used for several purposes, here are its five important benefits:
1. Benefits of Bakuchi for Skin Diseases
Bakuchi seeds have been used to deal with various skin diseases. It is commonly used to manage leucoderma, a condition of discolouration of the skin3.
Bakuchi can be used for managing psoriasis and itching associated with the condition4.
Bakuchi can also be consumed to deal with leprosy6.
The oil from the seeds is used to deal with Tinea versicolor, scabies and ringworm12.
2. Anti-cancer Activity of Bakuchi
Bakuchi extract is found to be effective in destroying cancer cells of osteosarcoma and breast cancer7,11.
3. Benefits of Bakuchi for Dental & Bone Disorders
The extract from the roots of the Bakuchi plant can manage various dental disorders like dental carries.
In addition to this, it is beneficial for dealing with osteoporosis and bone fractures as it can boost bone calcification7.
4. Benefits of Bakuchi for Reproductive & Urinary Problems
Bakuchi extracts are used as an aphrodisiac. It is also used to treat incontinence in men, frequent urination, premature ejaculation and impotence.
The seed extract helps to soothe the symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding and menstrual disorders in women5,6.
5. Benefits of Bakuchi for Gastrointestinal Disorders
The powder from the seed extract is used to relieve the symptoms of constipation, manage parasitic intestinal infections, and improve appetite.
The leaves can be used to make medicines to manage diarrhoea, and fruits are good to deal with piles and nausea6,12.
While there are several health benefits of Bakuchi, consuming in moderation is key. Discuss with your doctor before including this in your routine, especially of you have any medical conditions.
In this 5G era, we constantly struggle to walk parallel to the fast-growing world. But with this, stress and anxiety has become a common complaint. From my experience, Bakuchi may do wonders for our minds and overall health! I recently read an article which suggests that Bakuchi may have antidepressant qualities. Bakuchi is believed to lower the plasma levels of the neurotransmitters adrenaline and norepinephrine, eventually decreasing stress levels15.
The Bakuchi plant is used to manage different kinds of diseases. For some conditions like skin infections or chronic skin diseases, it can be mixed along with agents like karanji oil or buttermilk and applied. For others, it can be consumed systemically.
Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the right form and dosage as per your health condition.
From my observations, occurence of diabetes may be avoided with the use of Bakuchi. According to the studies15, the ethanol seed extract of Bakuchi exhibits both anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. They are believed to boost plasma insulin and liver glycogen levels while decreasing plasma cholesterol and blood sugar levels.
Bakuchi is a powerful herb that has several potential health benefits and supports overall wellness. However, it’s best to use it with proper guidance to avoid any side effects. Consult an ayurvedic practitioner for the right form and dose. With careful use, Bakuchi can be a great natural remedy.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are the precautions to be followed while using Bakuchi churna?
Ayurvedic practitioners may tell you to avoid using pickles, fish and curd while using Bakuchi churna to manage vitiligo. However, the precautions may vary based on your condition. You ayurvedic physician can guide you best on this.
Is Bakuchi useful in male infertility therapy?
Yes, the fruit of Bakuchi has aphrodisiac properties and is used to prevent premature ejaculation and impotence in traditional medicine. However, it’s best to discuss these issues with a doctor before resorting to home remedies like Bakuchi.
What is bakuchiol?
Bakuchiol is a chemical compound found in the seeds and leaves of the Bakuchi plant. It has the properties of retinol so can act as the functional equivalent of retinol, and be used in skincare products.
Is bakuchiol good for skin?
Yes, bakuchiol is good for skin as it is like retinol in its function and can restore the elasticity and firmness of the skin. In addition to this, it can also manage wrinkles, pigmentation and decrease the photodamage of the skin.
Mj A, Singh TR, Patgiri BJ. Antimicrobial activity of different dosage forms of Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia Linn.) taila, an Ayurvedic formulation. Int J Ayurvedic Med. 2015;6(3):232-6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283355494_
Shamsi S, Shamsi S. Psoralea corylifolia Babchi: A popular herb of Unani, Ayurvedic and Chinese system of medicine for Vitiligo. International Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2019;7(4):51-5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351838777_
Alam F, Khan GN, Asad MHHB. Psoralea corylifolia L: Ethnobotanical, biological, and chemical aspects: A review. Phytother Res. 2018;32(4):597-615 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29243333/
Chauhan NS, Sharma V, Dixit VK, Thakur M. A review on plants used for improvement of sexual performance and virility. BioMed research international. 2014;2014(1):868062. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4151601/
Kim SC, Gu DR, Yang H, Lee A, Ha H. Polysaccharides from Psoralea corylifolia seeds suppress osteoclastogenesis and alleviate osteoporosis. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025 May 20:144423. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014181302504975X
Hong Y, Choi SI, Hong E, Kim GH. Psoralea corylifolia L. extract ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in free-fatty-acid-incubated HEPG2 cells and in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Food Sci. 2020;85(7):2216-2226. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32579753/
Manju S. Anticancer Potential of Psoralea Corylifolia L. Ethanol Extract: Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Mechanisms, and Gene Expression Analysis In Mcf7 Breast Cancer Cells Via qPCR. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research. 2024;6(6):1-8 https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2024/6/30208.pdf
Ranjan S, Kushwaha NS, Trivedi S, Tiwari N, Khan S. The Effect of Psoralea corylifolia (Babchi) on Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Palmitate in PC12 Cells and its Role in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2024;21(1):7-26. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09731296241243132
Yang A, Kong L, You Z, et al. A review of Psoralea corylifolia L.: a valuable plant with profound biological significance. Front Pharmacol. 2025;15:1521040. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39902075/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
0
Bhumi Amla: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
Introduction
Bhumi Amla (Phyllanthus niruri) is a small annual herb that is native to tropical regions, such as Southern India, South East Asia, and China, and the Amazon rainforest. It grows up to 30-40 cm in height. It has alternate and oblong leaves that are 7-12 cm long, with tiny greenish-white solitary flowers that do not have petals1.
This herb belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and has a wide range of uses. The extract of this plant is widely used around the world for conditions including bronchitis, urinary issues, anaemia, leprosy, and asthma2.
For jaundice, whole plant juice is advised. Fresh milk combined with powdered roots can also be taken in the morning as it may help in the treatment of jaundice.
Whole plant juice is used for treating menorrhoea, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, and other urinary problems.
The leaves can be mashed with salt and used as a topical treatment for skin ailments.
For chest pain and diabetes, the plant decoction proves quite beneficial.
Ulcers may be treated with a decoction of leaves or roots.
Wounds and ulcers are treated using a mixture of the plant’s dried powder and gruel water.
This plant’s extract has been traditionally used for hepatitis and may also help in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Bhumi amla is believed to possess anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, antioxidant, blood sugar-lowering, blood pressure-lowering, hepatoprotective, and kidney stone-inhibiting properties.
It is used as an ingredient in nearly 175 ayurvedic formulations, and the fruits of this plant are usually used to treat conditions like diarrhoea and haemorrhage.
It’s also used to make chyawanprash, face lotion, hair oil dye, and tooth powder, among other health and beauty products2.
Benefits of Bhumi Amla
Several human and animal studies have explored the medicinal effects of bhumi amla, including the following:
1. Benefits of Bhumi Amla Against HIV & Hepatitis B
Bhumi amla is thought to act against the hepatitis B virus in several ways, including stopping it from making copies of its genetic material, which may help slow the virus’s spread in the body.
Studies show that bhumi amla extract may help protect certain human cells from damage caused by both types of HIV at the doses tested4,5.
2. Bhumi Amla For Kidney Stones & Excess Uric Acid
The formation and growth of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney is a common cause of urinary stones.
Bhumi amla extract may slow crystal growth, reduce their formation, and alter their shape and surface texture, which may lower the risk of kidney stones.
The extract is also given to individuals with hypercalcaemia (excess calcium levels) as it lowers urine calcium levels and to individuals with hyperuricaemia (excess uric acid levels) as it lowers uric acid levels4.
3. Anti-cancer Activity of Bhumi Amla
Bhumi amla has a strong potential for inhibiting cancer cell development and growth.
It is believed to have cytoprotective (protecting the cells) impact on normal cells and cytotoxic (toxic to the cells) effect on pre-neoplastic or neoplastic cells.
For example, the extract of bhumi amla extract was found to be harmful to liver and colon cancer cells in lab tests4,5.
4. Wound-healing & Anti-ulcer Properties of Bhumi Amla
According to a rat study6, the development of indomethacin-induced ulcers was significantly slowed when extracts of the herb were given orally.
Bhumi amla extract also prevents ethanol-induced stomach mucosal ulceration in rats and reverses the suppression of burn wound healing caused by dexamethasone.
Based on some research and my observations, Bhumi amla (P. niruri) might aid in improving antioxidant levels along with stimulant activity in mild-to-moderate alcoholic patients7.
Bhumi Amla can be used in many forms, such as juice, decoction, powder, and paste (topical application)2.
According to some studies8, Phyallanthus niruri (Bhumi amla) along with Emblica officinalis (Amla) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) have certain bioactive compounds (around 96) that might be potential COVID-19 microbial inhibitors.
In general, studies have not reported major side effects in humans. When consumed under the supervision of a healthcare practitioner, bhumi amla is likely safe. Here are a few precautions to be taken when taking bhumi amla:
Bhumi amla may help to reduce blood sugar levels. However, people with diabetes or hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) and those taking blood sugar-altering medicines, herbs, or supplements should monitor their blood glucose levels.
Individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking medicines that may enhance the risk of bleeding should exercise caution as there is an increased risk of bleeding and your doctor may need to modify the medicine dosage.
Bhumi amla has been linked to a drop in blood pressure. Therefore, people who are using blood pressure-lowering medications should exercise caution4.
Precautions to Take When Taking Bhumi Amla
Use bhumi amla with caution if you:
Are driving or operating big machinery.
Have a liver condition.
Are taking diuretics, cholesterol-lowering medications, or immuno-modulators.
Avoid taking bhumi amla, unless specifically advised by a qualified healthcare professional, if you:
Are pregnant, breastfeeding, or wanting to conceive.
Have a known allergy or intolerance to it or other medicines from the Euphorbiaceae family.
Bhumi amla may cause anorexia, chills, diarrhoea, disturbed sleep, fatigue, dizziness, enlarged lymph nodes, hives, fever, headache, increased sodium, potassium, and chloride in the urine, increased urine volume, lung disease, joint pain, malaise (discomfort), skin prickling, muscle pain, nausea, rash, and sore mouth4.
Interaction With Other Drugs
Drug interactions of bhumi amla:
Bhumi amla may help to reduce blood sugar levels. People who take diabetes medications or insulin by mouth should be closely monitored by a skilled healthcare professional as they may need to adjust their medicines.
When combined with medications that raise the risk of bleeding, bhumi amla may increase the risk of bleeding.
Bhumi amla may lower blood pressure. Therefore, people who are using blood pressure-lowering medications should monitor their blood pressure regularly.
Bhumi amla may exacerbate the sleepiness caused by some medications and alcohol. Driving or operating machinery should be done with caution.
Bhumi amla may interact with drugs used to treat inflammation, pain, or wounds; drugs that affect immune function; drugs that harm the liver; drugs that increase urine output; drugs that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, or endothelin; drugs that mimic acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter); drugs that protect against radiation; drugs that treat cancer4.
Bhumi amla has been used in traditional systems of medicine for different health concerns. It has been valued for centuries as a natural aid for digestion, kidney health, and liver support. While it may offer certain benefits, it is best to use it under the guidance of a healthcare professional to ensure safety and suitability.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are the therapeutic effects of Bhumi Amla?
Bhumi amla is believed to have many therapeutic properties, e.g., antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antiviral, and diuretic4.
Can bhumi amla be taken daily?
Bhumi amla may be consumed in small amounts under the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider, but dosage and duration should be individualized based on your health condition.
What are the different names of bhumi amla?
Bhumi amla is named bhumyamalaki in Indian Ayurveda, dukong anak in Indonesia, chanca piedra or stone breaker in Spanish, sampa-sampalukan in Tagalog, and quebra-pedra in Portuguese. It’s also called gale of wind. Bhumi amla is known by a variety of names in India, including bahupatra, bhudhatra, ksetramali, or suksmaphala in Sanskrit, keezhar nelli in Malayalam, bhuianvala/ray avail in Marathi, bhui amla/noe in Bengali, nela nelli in Kannada, bhui avalae in Konka and Chalmeri in Hindi5.
Where does bhumi amla usually grow?
Bhumi amla is an annual herb that grows wild in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, and other Indian states after the first monsoon showers, and is also abundant in coastal areas. It typically appears by the second week of June, bearing fruit until mid-July or August, and remains in the wild until the rainy season ends. Under favourable conditions, it can survive until mid-winter4.
References
Bagalkotkar G, Sagineedu S, Saad M, Stanslas J. Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2006;58(12):1559-1570. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17331318/
Kaur N, Kaur B, Sirhindi G. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Phyllanthus niruri L.: A Review. Phytotherapy Research. 2017;31(7):980-1004. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28512988/
Lee N, Khoo W, Adnan M, Mahalingam T, Fernandez A, Jeevaratnam K. The pharmacological potential of Phyllanthus niruri. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2016;68(8):953-969. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27283048/
Sowjanya K, Girish C, Bammigatti C, Prasanna Lakshmi NC. Efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri on improving liver functions in patients with alcoholic hepatitis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pharmacol. 2021 Nov-Dec;53(6):448-456. doi: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_540_20. PMID: 34975132; PMCID: PMC8764976. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8764976/
Murugesan S, Kottekad S, Crasta I, Sreevathsan S, Usharani D, Perumal MK, Mudliar SN. Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytocompounds of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Emblica officinalis (Amla), Phyllanthus niruri Linn. (Bhumi Amla) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) – A molecular docking and simulation study. Comput Biol Med. 2021 Sep;136:104683. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104683. Epub 2021 Jul 24. PMID: 34329860; PMCID: PMC8302490. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8302490/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
2
1
What is Natural Mounjaro?
Introduction
Diabetes is a growing health crisis, especially in India, where over 77 million adults live with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and nearly 25 million more are on the verge. Its consequences can be severe, ranging from heart attacks and strokes to nerve damage and vision loss1.
With the rising burden of diabetes, medications like Mounjaro have surged in popularity, not just for managing blood sugar but also for their noticeable impact on weight management2. But what if you’re looking for a more natural route? Is there a “natural Mounjaro” out there?
In this article, we’ll break down what Mounjaro does, whether nature offers similar benefits, and explore expert-backed lifestyle strategies that may help support healthier blood sugar levels and weight management naturally.
Understanding Mounjaro and Its Growing Popularity
Mounjaro (tirzepatide) is a prescription injectable medication developed specifically for managing T2DM. It is a clinically tested medication that has received approval from both the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the USA and the CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organization) in India3,4.
What sets Mounjaro apart from other injectable medications is its unique dual-action mechanism. Unlike other existing treatment options (such as semaglutide, which targets only GLP-1), Mounjaro targets two key hormone receptors: GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide)5. These two hormones play a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels and controlling appetite6.Thus, by enhancing the body’s natural insulin response and slowing down digestion, Mounjaro not only helps maintain better glucose control but also aids in weight management, which could be especially beneficial for many individuals with T2DM and obesity5.
What Do People Mean by “Natural Mounjaro”?
It is essential to note that there is no “natural Mounjaro”. Mounjaro is a pharmaceutical innovation, not something found in herbs or supplements.
When people search for “what is natural Mounjaro,” they’re usually hoping to find natural ways to achieve similar effects, such as better blood sugar regulation and potential weight management support. This might include herbal remedies, dietary changes, or lifestyle strategies that mimic some of Mounjaro’s benefits, like improved blood sugar control. However, it’s important to understand that these natural methods do not work in the same way as the actual drug.
Mounjaro is a medical treatment, backed by clinical trials and approved by regulatory bodies like the FDA and CDSCO. While natural approaches can support your health, they don’t replicate the drug’s dual hormone action.
Still, for those who prefer a holistic path or want to complement their treatment plan, we’ll explore evidence-based natural strategies that may help you work toward similar goals, safely and effectively.
Everyday Strategies to Support Similar Goals
While there’s no natural alternative to Mounjaro, certain lifestyle habits may help support similar goals. Certain evidence-based strategies, such as those mentioned below, could make a real difference when followed diligently:
Engage in regular physical activity:Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, helping your body use glucose more effectively7.
Eat a high-fibre diet: Foods rich in fibre slow down carbohydrate absorption and keep you fuller for longer, aiding in appetite control8.
Focus on protein-rich meals: Protein promotes satiety and helps stabilise blood sugar levels, improving overall glucose control9,10.
Limit refined carbohydrates and added sugars: These spike blood sugar and increase the risk of health conditions such as T2DM, hypertension, etc11. Thus, cutting back may lead to more stable energy and weight.
Prioritise sleep and manage stress: Poor sleep and chronic stress can disrupt hormones like insulin and cortisol, making it harder to manage weight and blood sugar. Therefore, getting quality sleep every night and practising stress-reducing techniques might significantly support metabolic and hormonal balance12,13.
Potential Natural Alternatives to Mounjaro
While there are no natural alternatives to Mounjaro, some natural compounds have shown potential in supporting blood sugar regulation and weight management. Below is a list of commonly explored options:
Commonly used in diets for wellness and balance; may support healthy blood sugar levels.
Some research16,17 has shown that it can help improve glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in some individuals.
Psyllium Husk
Known to promote fullness and digestive health; may help lower blood sugar levels.
Clinical studies18,19,20 suggest a possible role in supporting glycaemic and lipid control.
Probiotics
Support digestive and gut health; may aid in weight management
Emerging studies21 are exploring their link to metabolic functions, and the results seem promising.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Often included in wellness routines for post meal blood sugar control and weight management.
Preliminary research22,23 shows mild benefits by improving glucose uptake and action in skeletal muscles with potential antidyslipedemic effect.
Disclaimer:These supplements are not meant to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition. Their use should be considered as part of a general wellness strategy. Always consult a qualified doctor before adding any Mounjaro natural alternative to your routine.
The Risks of Going Only the Natural Route
While exploring natural options can be appealing, it’s important to approach them with caution, especially when managing a serious condition like T2DM1,24:
Natural doesn’t always mean safe or effective: Just because something is plant-based or herbal doesn’t guarantee it works, or that it’s risk-free.
Avoiding or delaying proven treatments can be harmful: T2DM is a progressive condition. Therefore, relying solely on unproven methods may lead to worsening symptoms and complications.
Supplements can interact with medications: Some natural products may interfere with the effectiveness or safety of your prescribed diabetes or other medicines.
Delays in treatment can lead to irreversible damage: Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of heart disease, nerve damage, kidney failure, vision loss, and more.
Note: Natural strategies may support your health, but they should never replace evidence-based medical care. Always consult your doctor before making changes to your treatment plan.
If you’re considering natural alternatives to medications like Mounjaro, it’s important to take a balanced and informed approach:
Start by discussing your goals with your doctor, whether it’s weight management, better blood sugar control, or exploring natural options. Only a doctor can help you create a treatment plan that suits your individual needs.
Keep in mind that not all supplements are safe or effective for everyone. Your doctor can advise you on what may be appropriate and safe in your case.
Focus on building sustainable habits such as regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, stress management, and quality sleep; these are key to long-term health.
Remember, lasting results take time. Quick fixes rarely lead to meaningful or sustainable improvements, so be cautious of shortcuts.
Note: The most effective path combines appropriate use of medications under medical guidance with healthy lifestyle choices, tailored to your body and goals. Stay informed, be consistent, and prioritise your long-term well-being.
It’s important to always mention any medications or health supplements you’re currently taking. This helps ensure we avoid any potential overload of nutrients or unwanted interactions, keeping your nutrition plan safe and effective.
While no natural product can replicate the effects of Mounjaro, many natural strategies can still play a supportive role in your overall health journey. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet rich in fibre and protein, quality sleep, and effective stress management can all contribute to better blood sugar control and improved well-being. Certain supplements may also offer additional support, but they should always be used under medical supervision.
Ultimately, what matters most is making evidence-based decisions, maintaining consistent healthy habits, and seeking expert guidance. Remember, managing T2DM or working toward weight loss isn’t about quick fixes; it’s about building sustainable lifestyle changes that support your long-term health.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is there a natural version of Mounjaro available?
No, there is currently no natural Mounjaro. Mounjaro (tirzepatide) is a prescription medication specifically formulated to act on two hormone receptors (GLP-1 and GIP) for blood sugar and appetite regulation5,6. Natural supplements may support general health, but do not mimic this dual mechanism.
Can Berberine replace Mounjaro?
Berberine has been studied for its potential to support blood sugar control, but it is not a substitute for Mounjaro. While some research suggests it15 may have effects similar to metformin, Mounjaro has a unique and clinically proven dual action that berberine does not replicate. Always consult your doctor before making any changes to your treatment plan.
What are the safest natural ways to lower blood sugar?
Some generally safe and helpful strategies include engaging in regular physical activity, consuming a diet rich in fibre and protein while limiting refined carbohydrates and added sugars, getting sufficient quality sleep, and effectively managing stress7–13. Before using any supplements (like cinnamon, berberine, or psyllium husk), consult a doctor to ensure they’re appropriate for you.
What is the main ingredient in Mounjaro?
The active ingredient in Mounjaro is tirzepatide a synthetic compound that works by stimulating GLP-1 and GIP receptors, hormones involved in insulin regulation and appetite control5,6.
Who cannot take Mounjaro?
Mounjaro is not recommended for people with a history of medullary thyroid cancer, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2), or allergy to tirzepatide. It should be used cautiously in those with pancreatitis, kidney or gallbladder diseases, or gastrointestinal issues4. Always consult your doctor before use.
References
World Health Organization. Diabetes in India[Internet]. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia; [cited 2025 Jun 23]. Available from: https://www.who.int/india/diabetes
Seino Y, Fukushima M, Yabe D. GIP and GLP-1, the two incretin hormones: Similarities and differences. J Diabetes Investig. 2010 Apr 22;1(1-2):8-23. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4020673/
Amaravadi SK, Maiya GA, K V, Shastry BA. Effectiveness of structured exercise program on insulin resistance and quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus-A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2024 May 21;19(5):e0302831. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38771888/
Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, von Bergmann K, Grundy SM, Brinkley LJ. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 11;342(19):1392-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10805824/
Weigle DS, Breen PA, Matthys CC, Callahan HS, Meeuws KE, Burden VR, Purnell JQ. A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jul;82(1):41-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16002798/
Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Saeed A, Jordan K, Hoover H. An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Oct;78(4):734-41. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14522731/
Bhardwaj B, O’Keefe EL, O’Keefe JH. Death by Carbs: Added Sugars and Refined Carbohydrates Cause Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Asian Indians. Mo Med. 2016 Sep-Oct;113(5):395-400. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6139832/
Zuraikat FM, Laferrère B, Cheng B, Scaccia SE, Cui Z, Aggarwal B, Jelic S, St-Onge MP. Chronic Insufficient Sleep in Women Impairs Insulin Sensitivity Independent of Adiposity Changes: Results of a Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(1):117-125. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37955852/
Yin J, Xing H, Ye J. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2008 May;57(5):712-7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18442638/
Dong H, Wang N, Zhao L, Lu F. Berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:591654. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23118793/
Solomon TP, Blannin AK. Changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following 2 weeks of daily cinnamon ingestion in healthy humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Apr;105(6):969-76. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19159947/
Akilen R, Tsiami A, Devendra D, Robinson N. Glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure-lowering effect of cinnamon in multi-ethnic Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabet Med. 2010 Oct;27(10):1159-67. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20854384/
Anderson JW, Allgood LD, Turner J, Oeltgen PR, Daggy BP. Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):466-73. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10500014/
Gibb RD, McRorie JW Jr, Russell DA, Hasselblad V, D’Alessio DA. Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Dec;102(6):1604-14. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561625/
Sierra M, García JJ, Fernández N, Diez MJ, Calle AP. Therapeutic effects of psyllium in type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Sep;56(9):830-42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12209371/
Kadooka Y, Sato M, Imaizumi K, Ogawa A, Ikuyama K, Akai Y, Okano M, Kagoshima M, Tsuchida T. Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;64(6):636-43. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20216555/
Mitrou P, Petsiou E, Papakonstantinou E, Maratou E, Lambadiari V, Dimitriadis P, Spanoudi F, Raptis SA, Dimitriadis G. Vinegar Consumption Increases Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake by the Forearm Muscle in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2015;2015:175204. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4438142/
Ostman E, Granfeldt Y, Persson L, Björck I. Vinegar supplementation lowers glucose and insulin responses and increases satiety after a bread meal in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;59(9):983-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16015276/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
1
Best Yoga Asanas for Thyroid You Can Safely Do at Home
Introduction
Yoga, an ancient practice with roots stretching over 3,000 years, is now widely recognised as a holistic approach to health1. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) even classifies it under Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) along with other interventions2.
Yoga supports both physical and mental well-being through a combination of postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), relaxation, and meditation1,3. It is believed that regular practice can enhance strength, flexibility, and endurance while fostering inner peace, compassion, and emotional balance1.
But can yoga also help with thyroid health? You’ll find the answer in this article. Plus here, we’ll also share details of some yoga asanas for thyroid that can safely be done at home to support the proper functioning of this gland.
Understanding Thyroid Conditions
Endocrine disorders arise from dysfunctions in the endocrine system, which control hormone production and regulation. Among these, thyroid disorders are some of the most prevalent worldwide. In India, approximately 42 million individuals are affected by different types of thyroid conditions, underscoring a major public health issue4.
The thyroid gland, located at the base of the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism through the production of hormones like T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)5. When the gland produces too much or too little of these hormones, it can lead to disorders such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), goitre, thyroid nodules, or autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease4,5.
Common symptoms of thyroid imbalance may include fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, hair thinning, irregular menstrual cycles, sensitivity to temperature, and dry skin5. These symptoms can be hard to notice and, therefore, can be easily overlooked. This is why understanding and monitoring thyroid health is vital.
Maintaining hormonal balance is essential for overall well-being, as thyroid hormones influence heart rate, digestion, muscle control, brain development, and bone maintenance5. To check your thyroid health, you can take a simple blood test, such as the thyroid profile test, that measures key hormone levels such as T3, T4, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
Can Yoga Help with Thyroid Health?
Scientific studies suggest that yoga poses for thyroid may offer multiple benefits by addressing some of the root contributors of the condition. Yoga promotes stress reduction, improves blood circulation, and stimulates the endocrine system, which includes the thyroid gland6.
Recent clinical observations support the efficacy of yoga asanas for thyroid problems:
A 6-month yoga intervention in women with hypothyroidism showed significant improvements in lipid profiles, including reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels. While the reduction in TSH was not statistically significant, participants did show a meaningful reduction in thyroxine medication requirements7.
Another 3-month integrated yoga program (asanas, pranayama, and relaxation) demonstrated substantial improvements in depression (58%), TSH levels (37%), fatigue (64%), BMI (6%), anxiety (57%), and stress (55%)8. These findings highlight yoga’s potential not just as a physical activity, but as a holistic mind-body practice capable of improving mental health and biochemical markers associated with thyroid imbalance.
A separate study using the WHO Quality of Life Scale found that even one month of daily yoga practice led to significant improvements in the overall quality of life of female hypothyroid patients, including better health perception and emotional well-being9.
While yoga poses for the thyroid should not replace prescribed thyroid medications, it could be an effective complementary therapy that supports overall thyroid function and improves quality of life.
Yoga might indirectly help reduce thyroid medications. Regular yoga can help lose weight and build muscle mass, which further helps burn fat. This weight loss may help reduce the dose of thyroid medicine one needs in case of hypothyroidism.
Certain yoga poses for the thyroids can help stimulate and support the thyroid gland by improving blood flow to the neck region, activating energy centres (chakras), and aiding hormonal regulation. Below are 6 best yoga for thyroid that you can safely practice at home to support thyroid function:
These yoga asanas for thyroid not just support your thyroid health but also contribute to overall physical and mental well-being. But remember, it’s ideal to practise yoga under a trained professional to avoid risks of strain and injury, especially if you are a beginner. It’s always best to start your wellness journey with expert guidance when practising yoga asanas for thyroid problems.
Yoga and meditation can help overcome mental health affections on hypothyroidism like depression and anxiety14.
While yoga for thyroid patients may offer many benefits for thyroid health, there are certain conditions where caution is necessary. Thyroid patients should avoid or modify yoga practice in the following situations10:
If you have a hernia or any abdominal injuries, yoga (especially poses involving core pressure) should be strictly avoided.
Individuals with arthritis of the knees or hips, severe back pain, or balance issues should not attempt strenuous or inverted poses without medical guidance.
Those suffering from high blood pressure, heart disease, or epilepsy should avoid inversions and intense postures like Sarvangasana.
People with neck pain, sciatica, or lumbar spine disorders should steer clear of deep backbends and forward bends unless under the supervision of a qualified yoga therapist.
Those diagnosed with peptic ulcers or any serious spinal problems should seek expert advice before attempting any yoga posture.
Always consult your doctor before starting yoga if you have a medical condition, to ensure safety and avoid complications. Practise under a certified yoga instructor and discuss about what poses you should be doing based on your condition.
When to See a Doctor
Before beginning the practice of yoga for thyroid patients, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider. This is particularly essential if:
You have been recently diagnosed with a thyroid disorder, as you may need adjustments/modifications based on your specific health needs.
You are on thyroid medication, as yoga may influence hormone levels and medication requirements7.
You’re experiencing severe symptoms of thyroid disorders, like fatigue, palpitations, unexplained weight changes, or mood swings.
You are pregnant, as you may need some modification with supervision11.
You have other health conditions, such as heart disease, spinal issues, or high blood pressure, that may limit your movement10,11.
A doctor can help you understand your specific condition and guide you on whether yoga is suitable, and if so, what kind of practices would be safe and effective. And remember, yoga can support but not substitute medical care in management of thyroid disorders. So, always follow your doctor’s advice on management along with practising yoga to improve your thyroid and overall health.
Yoga, when practised correctly and consistently, can be a valuable supportive tool in managing thyroid health. It helps by stimulating the endocrine system, improving blood circulation, and reducing stress, which is a known trigger for thyroid imbalance. Studies have shown that yoga may assist in lowering TSH levels, improving lipid profiles, reducing the need for medication, and enhancing overall mental well-being.
However, yoga for thyroid patients is not a replacement for medical treatment. It works best as a complementary practice alongside proper medication and routine monitoring. Always consult your doctor before starting any yoga regimen, especially if you have underlying health issues, to ensure the practice is safe and suitable for your condition. With mindful practice and professional guidance, yoga can become a powerful ally in your journey toward better thyroid health!
Yoga should ideally be practised on an empty stomach or with a light stomach. It’s best to avoid practising right after a heavy meal. If you feel weak, a small amount of honey in lukewarm water can be consumed before the session12.
What kind of environment is suitable for yoga practice?
Yoga should be practised in a calm, quiet, and clean environment to help relax the body and mind. Cleanliness of surroundings, body, and mind is essential before starting.Additionally,during your session, try to wear light, comfortable cotton clothes that allow free movement of the body12.
Besides supporting thyroid health, what other benefits does yoga offer?
Yoga improves mental health by reducing stress and anxiety, boosting cardiovascular and respiratory function, enhancing flexibility and strength, helping manage metabolic disorders like diabetes, regulating hormonal balance, improving sleep quality, supporting weight management, and promoting overall well-being1,12.
Can yoga replace thyroid medication?
No, yoga is a supportive therapy and should not replace prescribed thyroid medications11. It complements medical treatment and may help improve symptoms but always follow your doctor’s advice regarding medication.
How can I ensure safe and effective yoga practice?
Perform yoga slowly, with awareness of your body and breath. Avoid jerky movements or holding your body tightly. Practice regularly and persistently for the best results and always follow any contraindications or limitations for specific poses12.
Ventola CL. Current Issues Regarding Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in the United States: Part 1: The Widespread Use of CAM and the Need for Better-Informed Health Care Professionals to Provide Patient Counseling. P T. 2010 Aug;35(8):461-8. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2935644/
Mohammad A, Thakur P, Kumar R, Kaur S, Saini RV, Saini AK. Biological markers for the effects of yoga as a complementary and alternative medicine. J Complement Integr Med. 2019 Feb 7;16(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30735481/
Unnikrishnan AG, Menon UV. Thyroid disorders in India: An epidemiological perspective. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jul;15(Suppl 2):S78-81. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3169866/
Shahid MA, Ashraf MA, Sharma S. Physiology, Thyroid Hormone. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. [Cited 2025 May 20]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500006/
Nilkantham S, Majumdar V, Singh A. Scientific yoga module for hypothyroidism: A study protocol for tele-yoga RCT. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2023 Jun 10;33:101157. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10277449/
Nilakanthan S, Metri K, Raghuram N, Hongasandra N. Effect of 6 months intense Yoga practice on lipid profile, thyroxine medication and serum TSH level in women suffering from hypothyroidism: A pilot study. J Complement Integr Med. 2016 Jun 1;13(2):189-93. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27054602/
Rani S, Maharana S, Metri KG, Bhargav H, Nagaratna R. Effect of yoga on depression in hypothyroidism: A pilot study. J Tradit Complement Med. 2021 Jan 6;11(4):375-380. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8240110/
Singh P, Singh B, Dave R, Udainiya R. The impact of yoga upon female patients suffering from hypothyroidism. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011 Aug;17(3):132-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21742277/
Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Yoga Postures – 17 [Internet]. New Delhi: MEA; [cited 2025 May 20]. Available from: https://www.mea.gov.in/yoga-postures-17.htm
Wu Y, Yan D, Yang J. Effectiveness of yoga for major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 23;14:1138205. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138205. PMID: 37032928; PMCID: PMC10077871. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37032928/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Potassium-Rich Fruits to Boost Your Potassium Levels Naturally
Introduction
Have you been feeling sudden weakness or rapid heartbeats? It might be more than just fatigue. While not always the case, these symptoms can point to hypokalaemia, a condition marked by low levels of potassium in the blood (serum)1,2.
Potassium is an important mineral and the most abundant positively charged ion (cation) inside the cells of our body. It plays a key role in cell function, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm regulation3. Low potassium levels are often linked to underlying conditions such as endocrine disorders. However, it can also result from poor or insufficient dietary intake1.
In this article, we will explore some healthy and delicious fruits high in potassium that can help boost its levels in the body. These potassium rich fruits not only offer a tasty way to support your electrolyte balance but also contribute to overall well-being.
Why You Need Potassium?
Potassium is a mineral and electrolyte that plays a central role in maintaining the proper functioning of cells, particularly in muscles and nerves. It is crucial for regulating muscle contractions, nerve signals, and intracellular fluid balance4.A deficient or insufficient potassium level can cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and constipation3.
Its importance extends beyond basic cellular activity. Higher potassium intake is associated with significant health benefits, particularly for heart health5. One major meta-analysis involving around 250,000 participants found that for every 1.64 grams (or around 42 millimoles) of daily potassium intake, there was a 21% reduction in stroke risk and a notable trend toward reduced overall cardiovascular disease6.
In short, potassium supports critical bodily functions, especially heart, muscle, and nerve performance, while also helping to protect against serious conditions like stroke and heart disease. Therefore, ensuring adequate potassium in your diet through fruits high in potassium is a simple but powerful step toward better health!
Hyperkalaemia can cause muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and cardiac arrhythmias. Thus food-drug interactions must be kept in mind if individuals are already on medicines that increase potassium levels.
The amount of potassium an individual needs in a single day depends on age, sex, and life stage.3 According to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), here are the recommended Adequate Intakes (AIs):
1. Children and Teens
The potassium AI for children varies specifically by age group7:
Ages 1 to 3: 2,000 mg/day
Ages 4 to 8: 2,300 mg/day
Ages 9 to 13: 2,500 mg/day (girls), 2,800 mg/day (boys)
Ages 14 to 18: 2,300 mg/day (girls), 3,000 mg/day (boys)
2. Adults
Males (ages 19 and above): 3,400 mg/day
Females (age 19 and above): 2,600 mg/day
During pregnancy: 2,900 mg/day
During lactation: 2,800 mg/day
Note: These recommendations do not apply to people with kidney disease or those taking medications that affect potassium levels8. For personalised advice on optimal intake, it’s best to consult your doctor.
If you’re concerned about a potential potassium deficiency, a simple blood test, such as the Potassium (K+) Test, can help evaluate your potassium levels.
Benefits of Potassium for the Body
Potassium is required for several bodily functions. These include:
1. Supports Heart Health
Adequate potassium helps regulate blood pressure by promoting natriuresis (sodium excretion) and reduces vascular resistance, which helps lower blood pressure3,6. This might contribute to reducing the risk of hypertension and stroke.
potassium promotes natriuresis (sodium excretion) and reduces vascular resistance, which helps lower BP.
2. Aids in Hydration
Potassium works with sodium to maintain fluid balance in the body3. This helps cells function properly and supports overall hydration.
3. Promotes Healthy Digestion
Potassium supports smooth muscle function, including the muscles of the digestive tract9. This may aid in regular bowel movements and avoid constipation.
4. Helps Avoid Kidney Stones
Higher potassium intake (especially from fruits) may reduce calcium loss in urine10. This helps in lowering the risk of calcium-based kidney stones.
5. Supports Strong Bones
Potassium from fruits may help maintain bone mineral density by reducing the acid load in the body11. This helps in minimising calcium loss and supports bones.
6. May Improve Blood Sugar Control
Potassium plays a role in insulin secretion, and low levels have been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in some studies12.However, more research is still neededto directly establish a link between potassium intake and its benefits for diabetic patients.
Fruits are an excellent natural source of potassium, offering a variety of health benefits.
Top Potassium-Rich Fruits
In recent decades, shifting dietary habits, marked by increased intake of processed foods and reduced consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, have contributed to several health issues, including a widespread decline in dietary potassium intake, despite its critical role in maintaining cardiovascular and muscular health5.
Which fruit contains the most potassium is a common question for those looking to boost their potassium intake naturally. Therefore, to naturally support optimal potassium levels, we have compiled a list of fruits containing high potassium for you:
1. Dried Apricots (½ cup)
Dried apricots are highly concentrated in potassium; a half cup serving provides 755 mg of potassium, which is around 22% of the daily recommended intake3.Besides potassium, apricots are also rich in carotenoids like β-carotene, which acts as a strong antioxidant and may help lower oxidative stress, support immunity, reduce the risk of heart disease, and protect eye health with age13.
2. Prunes
Prunes are rich in potassium; half a cup of dried prunes contain 635 mg of potassium, covering around 19% of the daily recommended intake.3 Prunes are also rich in fibre, sorbitol, and antioxidants. Due to these nutrients, they may also help improve digestion and support bone besides heart health14.
3. Kiwi
Kiwi provides abundant potassium; one cup of sliced kiwi contains about 562 mg of potassium, about 16.5% of the daily value15. Besides potassium, kiwifruit is also rich in vitamin C, fibre, and antioxidants. Eating them regularly may boost your immune system, support digestion (thanks to an enzyme called actinidin), and improve overall metabolism16.
4. Pomegranate
Pomegranates are a good source of potassium; one cup of 100% pomegranate juice provides approximately 533 mg of potassium, contributing about 15.7% of the daily recommended intake15.Drinking pomegranate juice can help reduce oxidative stress and support heart health by slightly improving blood pressure and related risk factors17.
5. Oranges
Orange juice is a natural source of fruits high in potassium; one cup of orange juice delivers 496 mg of potassium, about 14.6% of the daily recommended intake3.Regular consumption of 100% orange juice may help reduce inflammation in healthy people and those at risk for chronic diseases18.
6. Banana
Bananas are well known for their potassium content; a medium banana contains 422 mg of potassium, which is around 12.4% of the daily recommended intake3.A study19 has shown thateating 250 g of bananas before haemodialysis (a process of filtering blood in patients with impaired kidneys) helps avoid low potassium and heart rhythm problems without causing high potassium.
7. Avocado
Avocados are rich in potassium; half a piece of avocado contains about 345 mg of potassium, which is around 10% of the daily recommended intake20. Based on a preliminary, uncontrolled study21, adding California avocados to your daily diet may help lower total cholesterol and aid in controlling body weight.
8. Cantaloupe
Cantaloupe is a refreshing fruit rich in potassium; half a cup of cubed cantaloupe supplies 214 mg of potassium, or 6.3% of the daily recommended intake.3 Besides potassium, cantaloupe is packed with essential vitamins and minerals that help keep you hydrated with its high-water content. This makes it a tasty and refreshing part of a healthy diet22.
9. Blackberries
Blackberries are a good source of potassium; one cup of blackberries contains about 211 mg of potassium, contributing around 6.2% of the daily recommended intake16.Blackberries are also used traditionally for diarrhoea, ulcers, inflammation, and diabetes. They are also rich in anthocyanins, which help reduce pain and may have antioxidant effects that contribute to reducing inflammation and supporting general health23.
10. Apple
Apples contain moderate potassium levels; one medium apple with skin provides 195 mg of potassium, approximately 5.7% of the daily recommended intake3.Besides potassium, apples are also rich in antioxidants, especially polyphenols, which help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. They also support gut health by improving the balance of beneficial gut bacteria24.
Knowing the potential benefits and the potassium content in fruits helps you choose the best options to support your health and meet your daily potassium needs. While consuming these fruits is generally healthy, remember some fruits may increase blood sugar levels. Therefore, it’s best to consult with a diabetologist before including them in your routine diet (especially if you are diabetic or at risk).
In case you are a diabetic patient apart from risk of hyperkalaemia there could be a risk of causing glucose spikes while incorporating fruits like banana etc. into your diet with the aim to improve its potassium content. Make sure to do so in a way that your blood glucose levels remain stable. Preferably consult your doctor before doing so and consume the fruits whole with fibre (like seeds or salad) or yogurt to lower the glucose spike.
Including potassium-rich fruits in your diet is not at all complicated. You can consume the fruit raw or make some simple and delicious dishes with them to boost your intake25:
Blend into Smoothies: Mix fruits that contain potassium, such as fresh or frozen bananas, berries, with yoghurt or milk for a nutritious start to your day.
Upgrade Your Sandwiches: Include an avocado to add flavour and boost potassium.
Top Your Breakfast: Add fruits containing high potassium, like apricots or cantaloupe, to cereal, porridge, or low-fat yoghurt.
Add to Salads: Toss in slices of fruits with high potassium levels, such as apple or orange, into fresh salads for flavour and nutrients.
Enjoy Frozen Fruit Dessert: Enjoy fruits with high potassium levels, like frozen blackberries, as a healthy dessert alternative.
Consume as Smart Snacks: Keep dried fruits with potassium, like apricots or prunes, handy for a quick, potassium-rich snack. However, remember to be mindful of portion size as dried fruits are usually higher in calories than fresh ones.
Make a Trail Mix: Combine dried fruits like prunes with nuts and seeds for a homemade, on-the-go trail mix.
It should be noted that including fruits containing high potassium in the diet helps maintain potassium balance only when potassium levels are slightly below the normal range or for when an individual is at risk. Dietary potassium is not an alternative for moderate or severely low potassium levels; these conditions often require oral or intravenous potassium supplementation.
While potassium is essential for health, increased levels can be dangerous. Excess potassium levels, known as hyperkalaemia, may lead to serious symptoms, including neuromuscular issues such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and paralysis. It may also lead to cardiovascular symptoms, such as irregular heartbeats or even cardiac arrest1,3.
However, it should be noted that fruits (or even other dietary sources) rich in potassium alone rarely cause hyperkalaemia in healthy individuals. Hyperkalaemia typically results when there is impaired renal excretion or a shift of potassium from cells into the bloodstream.
Certain individuals should be cautious when consuming high-potassium diets or potassium supplements. These include:
Individuals with Kidney Disease: In healthy individuals with normal kidney function, the body efficiently eliminates excess potassium through urine, making high dietary intake generally safe. However, in individuals with kidney problems, this mechanism is impacted, potentially increasing blood potassium levels3.
Individuals with Diabetes: Diabetes, particularly if poorly controlled, can raise insulin resistance or deficiency, preventing potassium from entering cells, leading to high blood potassium levels1.
People with Adrenal or Endocrine Disorders: Conditions like Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency) can cause decreased aldosterone levels or aldosterone deficiency which can reduce potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalaemia1.
Patients with Heart Failure: Those with heart failure are often prescribed medications that affect potassium balance, and their heart condition itself makes them more sensitive to potassium shifts1,3.
Individuals taking Certain Medications: Some medications increase potassium levels in the body. These include potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), aldosterone antagonists, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and beta blockers (less common). Therefore, people taking these medications must be cautious1,3.
Due to the above-mentioned reasons, individuals with underlying health conditions or those on long-term medication should consult a doctor before making any changes to their potassium intake to ensure a safe and balanced dietary approach.
Sometimes patients have too much coconut water regularly, which can lead to high potassium. It is important to consume it in moderation to prevent side effects of excess potassium27.
Potassium is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy blood pressure, supporting muscle and nerve function, and promoting overall heart health. Fruits are a natural and wholesome source of potassium, making them a safe and effective way to meet daily needs, especially when included as part of a varied and balanced diet. Incorporating potassium rich fruits in the diet, such as bananas, apricots, prunes, and oranges, offers not only this essential nutrient but also other valuable nutrients that contribute to overall wellbeing. They are generally safe and very rarely cause hyperkalaemia in healthy people with normal kidney function. However, individuals with impaired kidney function or those taking certain medications should be cautious and consult a doctor before increasing their potassium intake. That said, a balanced approach in diet (consuming a combination of fruits, vegetables, and whole foods) can be a great way to support the potassium requirements of the body and at the same time offer broader health benefits, reinforcing the importance of nutritious and mindful eating to achieve your health goals.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Do dried and frozen fruits still contain potassium?
Yes, both dried and frozen fruits retain potassium, though portion sizes vary26. Dried fruits are more concentrated, so smaller amounts provide similar potassium levels.
Should I take potassium supplements?
You should take potassium supplements only under medical advice, since most people can meet their potassium needs through a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and legumes3. Talk to your doctor if you believe you might need potassium supplements.
Can I get too much potassium from fruits?
If you are healthy, you cannot overdose on potassium from fruits, as the kidneys eliminate excess potassium through urine. However, people with kidney disease or on certain medications need to be cautious3. Remember moderation in consumption is key.
Are salt substitutes safe for everyone to use?
No, they are not suitable for everyone since salt substitutes often contain high levels of potassium. People with kidney disease or those taking certain medications should consult their doctor before using them to avoid the risk of hyperkalaemia (dangerously high potassium levels)3.
What are the other benefits of eating fruits?
Fruits provide important nutrients like folate and vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fibre. They help keep your digestion healthy, lower the risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and even some cancers. They are also low in fat and calories, especially when not fried or roasted. Aim to include a variety of colourful fruits in your diet. This will give you a range of nutrients24.
References
Viera AJ, Wouk N. Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Sep 15;92(6):487-95. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/link_out?pmid=26371733
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2019. (Nutrition Board). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482465/
Stone MS, Martyn L, Weaver CM. Potassium Intake, Bioavailability, Hypertension, and Glucose Control. Nutrients. 2016 Jul 22;8(7):444. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4963920/
He FJ, MacGregor GA. Beneficial effects of potassium on human health. Physiol Plant. 2008 Aug;133(4):725-35. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18724413/
D’Elia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Mar 8;57(10):1210-9. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(10)04976-4
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. Washington, DC; The National Academies Press; 2019. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK465024/
Currò D. The Modulation of Potassium Channels in the Smooth Muscle as a Therapeutic Strategy for Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2016;104:263-305. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27038377/
Rafferty K, Davies KM, Heaney RP. Potassium intake and the calcium economy. J Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Apr;24(2):99-106. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15798076/
Kong SH, Kim JH, Hong AR, Lee JH, Kim SW, Shin CS. Dietary potassium intake is beneficial to bone health in a low calcium intake population: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (2008-2011). Osteoporos Int. 2017 May;28(5):1577-1585. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28093633/
Peng Y, Zhong GC, Mi Q, Li K, Wang A, Li L, Liu H, Yang G. Potassium measurements and risk of type 2 diabetes: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 11;8(59):100603-100613. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5725047/
Alajil O, Sagar VR, Kaur C, Rudra SG, Sharma RR, Kaushik R, Verma MK, Tomar M, Kumar M, Mekhemar M. Nutritional and Phytochemical Traits of Apricots (Prunus Armeniaca L.) for Application in Nutraceutical and Health Industry. Foods. 2021 Jun 10;10(6):1344. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8230439/
Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Bowen PE, Hussain EA, Damayanti-Wood BI, Farnsworth NR. Chemical composition and potential health effects of prunes: a functional food? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2001 May;41(4):251-86. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11401245/
Richardson DP, Ansell J, Drummond LN. The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit: a review. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Dec;57(8):2659-2676. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1627-z. Epub 2018 Feb 22. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6267416/
Giménez-Bastida JA, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Evidence for health properties of pomegranate juices and extracts beyond nutrition: A critical systematic review of human studies. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2021;114:410-423. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224421003885
Cara KC, Beauchesne AR, Wallace TC, Chung M. Effects of 100% Orange Juice on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Healthy and At-Risk Adult Populations: A Scoping Review, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2022 Feb 1;13(1):116-137. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8803484/
Quan Z, Li C, Zhao L, Cui D, Liu S, Yin Y, Tang Q, Zeng D, Song L, Fu X. Effect of banana intake on serum potassium level in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Sci. 2024 Mar 14;11(2):197-204. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38707694/
Ali S, Rahman AU, Ali E, Karabulut F, Ali S, Ahmad R, Fadl ME, AbdelRahman MAE, Ahmed MAA, Scopa A. Insights on the Nutritional Profiling of Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) via 1-Naphthalene Acetic Acid. Plants (Basel). 2023 Aug 17;12(16):2969. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10459078/
Oyenihi AB, Belay ZA, Mditshwa A, Caleb OJ. “An apple a day keeps the doctor away”: The potentials of apple bioactive constituents for chronic disease prevention. J Food Sci. 2022 Jun;87(6):2291-2309. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9321083/
27. Hakimian J, Goldbarg S, Park CH, Kerwin TC. Death by Coconut. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2014;7(1):180–181. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.113.00094. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circep.113.000941
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
1
Can You Check Thyroid at Home
Introduction
Problems with the thyroid gland are very common around the world, including in India. In fact, around 42 million people in India are believed to have some form of thyroid disease1. These issues can happen when the thyroid gland makes too much or too little hormone, or when the gland becomes swollen or develops lumps2.
People with thyroid problems may feel tired, gain or lose weight, feel anxious or low, or notice a swelling in their neck. These signs can be easy to miss or confused with other health issues2. Therefore, it is important to stay vigilant of any new symptoms.
In this article, we’ll talk about some common thyroid problems, the symptoms to look out for, how to test thyroid at home, and when you should visit a doctor for these.
Understanding the Thyroid Gland
The thyroid is a small gland which is located in front of your neck and looks like a butterfly. It plays an important role in keeping the body healthy by producing thyroid hormones. These hormones help control your metabolism (how your body uses energy) and are important for growth, brain development, and many other functions3.
There are two main types of thyroid hormones: T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). T4 is made in the thyroid gland and then changed into the more active form, T3, in different parts of the body, like the brain, muscles, and fat tissue4. Also some amount of T3 is produced from the gland itself. These hormones help in proper utilisation of energy by the body and regulate response to changes like cold weather or fasting3,4. Thyroid hormones also affect how the body handles fats and sugars, how sensitive the body is to insulin, and even how cholesterol is managed4.
The production of thyroid hormones is controlled by signals from certain regions of the brain (the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland). The brain releases hormones like TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) to tell the thyroid when to make more or less of these hormones4.
Since thyroid hormones are involved in so many bodily processes, keeping the thyroid healthy is important for overall well-being, especially for energy, weight, temperature regulation, and metabolism.
What Are the Symptoms of Thyroid Problems?
Thyroid problems can affect many parts of the body, and the symptoms can vary depending on whether the thyroid is overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism)1.
Wondering how do I know if I have thyroid problems? Let us find out!
Common symptoms of an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) include2:
Feeling too hot all the time
Feeling anxious, restless, or nervous
Sweating more than usual
Shaky hands (tremors)
Unintentional weight loss
Weak muscles
Loose stools or diarrhoea
Fast or irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Common symptoms of an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) include2:
Feeling cold even in warm weather
Feeling sad or depressed
Feeling tired or low on energy
Dry or rough skin
Slow or hoarse voice
Weight gain without a clear reason
Muscle cramps
Irregular periods or changes in menstrual flow
Symptoms related to thyroid swelling (goitre) can happen in both overactive and underactive thyroid conditions, or even when hormone levels are normal. These may include2:
Neck pain
Hoarseness or voice changes
Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
Swelling in the neck
Difficulty breathing
Can You Check Your Thyroid at Home?
The answer is, yes! You can check certain aspects of your thyroid health at home, basis which you can decide the further course of action (whether or not to visit a doctor).
Checking thyroid at home starts by being aware and observant of symptoms of thyroid disease. Alongside, some self-examination methods and at-home thyroid function tests can be used to assess your thyroid gland.
While checkup at home offers a convenient and private way to assess your thyroid health, it’s important to understand their benefits and limitations before relying solely on them5:
Advantages of Checking Thyroid at Home
Helps identify potential thyroid imbalances before symptoms become severe.
Guides you to seek timely medical advice.
Assists in tracking treatment progress for existing thyroid conditions.
Disadvantages of Checking Thyroid at Home
Often not reliable . For example: Self-examination at times may seem completely normal even though there may be a severe issue.
Results are likely to be misunderstood without professional medical guidance.
May delay necessary treatment, if relied on exclusively without consulting a doctor
So, while it’s possible to check your thyroid at home, it’s crucial to understand the pros and cons of this. Although, this should not replace regular checkups or a complete diagnostic assessment by a doctor, it can, however, be useful in raising awareness of potential issues and taking medical advice promptly.
Irrespective of which ever home test you perform to assess thyroid function, you may make a mistake. Examination by a professional and blood test is the best way. If you are concerned about your health, it is always recommended to consult your doctor.
Many people wonder, how do I know if I have thyroid problems which might need an expert doctor’s consultation . So, to answer this question, we are listing a few simple ways by which you can check for possible thyroid issues from the comfort of your home:
1. Recognise Symptoms
Keep track of any unusual changes in your body or how you’re feeling. Make a note of things like tiredness, sudden weight changes, mood swings, or feeling too hot or too cold, as these could be signs of a problem with your thyroid.
2. Neck Self-Examination
This method helps you check for swelling or lumps in the thyroid area.6
Take the glass and stand in front of any mirror, such that you can see yourself clearly.
Now, gently tilt your head back.
Take a sip of water from the glass.
As you swallow, look at the base of your neck (above the collarbone, below the Adam’s apple) in the mirror.
Watch for any bulges, lumps, or uneven swelling.
Note: If you see anything unusual, do not panic; not all lumps mean something serious. However, it’s important to talk to a doctor and get checked properly, especially if the lump stays or gets bigger over time.
Use this as a complementary method to the clinical examination by a health care expert like an Endocrinologist.
3. Basal Body Temperature Test
This method checks your body’s resting temperature, which may be deviated from the normal range in people with thyroid problems7,8.
How to do it:
Use a digital or mercury thermometer.
Check your temperature at any time of the day.
Do this for 3 to 5 days in a row. (Make sure to follow the same timings every day).
Normal range: Around 97.8 to 98.2°F (36.5 to 36.8°C)9.
If consistently below or high: It may be a sign of thyroid dysfunction8,10.
Note: This method is not always reliable and can be affected by other factors like illness or hormonal changes.
This can be the most common and reliable method for thyroid assessment at home. You can easily order a thyroid blood test from home which checks for your thyroid hormone levels.
Remember that an abnormal check may not always indicate a significant problem, just as a normal test does not ensure everything is fine. It’s always preferable to speak with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and tailored guidance if you observe anything troublsome.
When on thryoid medications, blood tests should be repeated every 3 months to assess improvement and ensure that adequate dose of thyroxine hormone is being received.
It’s important to know when home checks and symptoms should lead you to seek medical advice. If you notice any of the following signs or changes in your health, it’s a good idea to consult a doctor:
If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms (discussed above) of thyroid problems for a few weeks or more could be a sign of a thyroid problem or other underlying conditions (like diabetes) and should be evaluated by a doctor11.
If you have no symptoms, but your test results are not normal: Sometimes, people have no obvious symptoms, but thyroid issues are discovered during routine blood tests. That’s why it’s helpful to get regular checkups, especially if you have a family history of thyroid disorders.
If you are experiencing life-threatening thyroid symptoms (although rare), Problems requiring urgent medical care include2:
Thyroid Storm (severe hyperthyroidism): Symptoms include a very high fever, fast heart rate, extreme agitation, confusion, or even loss of consciousness.
Myxoedema Crisis (severe hypothyroidism): Signs include extreme tiredness, very low body temperature, slow breathing, and unresponsiveness.
If you notice any of these problems (even if they seem mild), it’s always safer to consult a doctor and get your thyroid checked.
Thyroid test at home can be a helpful first step in noticing signs of thyroid problems. Simple methods like a neck self-exam, monitoring your body temperature, and being aware of common symptoms can alert you if something seems off with your thyroid. It is important to keep in mind that while these home checks are useful, they are not a substitute for medical testing.
A thyroid blood test is the most reliable technique to determine if your thyroid gland is working normally. Additionally, regular checkups with your doctor can help catch issues early, even if you don’t have clear symptoms.
Remember, in rare cases, thyroid problems can become serious emergencies. So, if you notice unusual symptoms or anything concerning during a home check, don’t delay and talk to a doctor. Keeping an eye on your thyroid health can go a long way in maintaining your overall well-being!
Can thyroid problems affect other parts of my body?
Yes, thyroid problems may affect other parts of your body. Since thyroid hormones influence many body systems, including the heart, brain, muscles, and metabolism, thyroid problems can cause wide-ranging symptoms. This may affect other vital organs and cause complications if left unaddressed3.
How often should I get my thyroid checked?
If you have thyroid problems or have any risk factors (like family history or symptoms), your doctor may recommend regular thyroid testing (every 6 to 12 months)12. Otherwise, routine checkups during health exams are a good opportunity to screen for thyroid issues. Your doctor can suggest the ideal frequency of testing based on your specific conditions.
How do pregnancy hormones affect thyroid tests?
During pregnancy, hormones like oestrogen and beta-HCG increase thyroid-binding globulin, a protein that carries thyroid hormones in the blood. As more hormone is bound, total T4 levels rise. However, free T4 (the active form) and TSH usually remain unaltered. So, it’s normal to see high total T4 with normal TSH and free T4 in pregnancy, especially 2nd trimester onwards3. Therefore, to make an accurate diagnosis, doctors interpret thyroid tests carefully during pregnancy.
During a self-neck check, can I confuse the Adam’s apple with the thyroid?
Yes, it could be possible. The Adam’s apple is a bump that you can see in the front of your neck (more clearly observed in men). It is situated above the thyroid gland. During a self-exam, you should feel for the thyroid just below the Adam’s apple and above the collarbone (on either side of your windpipe)5. This will help you avoid any confusion.
How are thyroid diseases treated?
Thyroid diseases are usually manageable with proper treatment. For an overactive thyroid, doctors may prescribe medications to control symptoms and drugs that reduce hormone production. For an underactive thyroid, hormone replacement therapy is used to restore normal hormone levels2. Treatment helps avoid serious complications and improves quality of life. Therefore, for a precise assessment of your thyroid health, always seek medical advice.
References
Unnikrishnan AG, Menon UV. Thyroid disorders in India: An epidemiological perspective. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jul;15(Suppl 2):S78-81. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3169866/
Melish JS. Thyroid Disease. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 135. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK241/
Shahid MA, Ashraf MA, Sharma S. Physiology, Thyroid Hormone. [Updated 2023 Jun 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan; [cited 2025 May 22]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500006/
Gustafson C. Denis Wilson, md: Low Body Temperature as an Indicator for Poor Expression of Thyroid Hormone. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2015 Jun;14(3):24-8. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4566469/
Vancamp P, Demeneix BA. Is the Observed Decrease in Body Temperature During Industrialization Due to Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Thermoregulation Disruption? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Jul 22;11:470. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7387406/
Del Bene VE. Temperature. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 218. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK331/
Ljunggren JG, Kallner G, Tryselius M. The effect of body temperature on thyroid hormone levels in patients with non-thyroidal illness. Acta Med Scand. 1977;202(6):459-62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/596246/
National Guideline Centre (UK). Indications for testing: Thyroid disease: assessment and management: Evidence review B. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2019 Nov. (NICE Guideline, No. 145.). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577223/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
